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Journal articles on the topic 'Observable Universe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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1

Shinde, Tejas. "The Spiral Aspects of Multiverse Formation: Continuous Big Bang and Everyverse Connection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58697.

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Abstract: The Spiral Multiverse Theory suggests a continuous, spiral pattern universe from the same singularity connected by a common point as everyverse, challenging the conventional Big Bang theory. Every universe starts with a bang. An interdimensional quasar serves as the portal connecting all of the universes to everyverse. Individual universes are connected, but they are observably stable. The theory offers a fresh viewpoint on cosmic evolution and a possible path for practical research by presenting the idea of interdimensional quasars as portals for multiverse travel. The research expl

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2

Fujita, Yoshio. "Future of the observable universe." Artificial Life and Robotics 3, no. 1 (1999): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02481488.

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3

Robles-Pérez, Salvador J. "Creation of Entangled Universes Avoids the Big Bang Singularity." Journal of Gravity 2014 (January 12, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/382675.

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The creation of universes in entangled pairs may avoid the initial singularity and it would have observable consequences in a large macroscopic universe like ours, at least in principle. In this paper we describe the creation of an entangled pair of universes from a double instanton, which avoids the initial singularity, in the case of a homogeneous and isotropic universe with a conformally coupled massless scalar field. The thermodynamical properties of interuniversal entanglement might have observable consequences on the properties of our single universe provided that the thermodynamics of e

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4

TIMKOV, V. F. "ANALYTICAL EVALUATION OF THE NUMERICAL VALUES OF THE HUBBLE CONSTANT AND MAIN SPATIAL-ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE." Digital Technologies 26 (2019): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33243/2313-7010-26-7-21.

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Since the baryonic matter of the observable Universe consists mainly of protons and neutrons, then the numerical value of its mass can be represented and calculated on the basis of an additive-multiplicative golden algebraic fractal, based on golden algebraic fractals of the masse of proton, neutron, and muon. Based on an analytical estimate of the mass of the observable Universe, using the law “Planck’s Universal Proportions”, an analytical estimate of the Hubble constant and the main spatial-energy characteristics of the observed Universe is obtained. An analytical estimate of the Hubble con

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5

REBOUÇAS, M. J. "CONSTRAINTS ON THE COSMOLOGICAL DENSITY PARAMETERS AND COSMIC TOPOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 02n03 (2007): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807009942.

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A nontrivial topology of the spatial section of the universe is an observable which can be probed for all homogeneous and isotropic universes, without any assumption on the cosmological density parameters. We discuss how one can use this observable to set constraints on the density parameters of the universe by using a specific spatial topology along with type Ia supernovae and X-ray gas mass fraction data sets.

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6

Li, Xiaoyun, Suoang Longzhou, and La Ba Sakya Genzon. "The Cosmic Radius of Observable Universe." Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 08, no. 01 (2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2022.81001.

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7

FOWLER, WILLIAM A. "The Age of the Observable Universe." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 571, no. 1 Texas Symposi (1989): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb50497.x.

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8

Gudmundsson, Einar H., and Gunnlaugur Bjornsson. "Dark Energy and the Observable Universe." Astrophysical Journal 565, no. 1 (2002): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/324496.

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9

Gaztañaga, Enrique. "The mass of our observable Universe." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 521, no. 1 (2023): L59—L63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slad015.

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ABSTRACT The standard cosmological model Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) assumes a global expanding space–time of infinite extent around us. But such idea is inconsistent with the observed cosmic acceleration unless we advocate for the existence of a mysterious dark energy (DE) or a cosmological constant (Λ). Here, we argue instead that our Universe has a very large but finite regular mass M, without the need to invoke DE or Λ. A system with a finite mass M has a finite gravitational radius rS = 2GM. When M is contained within rS, this is a black hole (BH). Nothing from inside can escape outsid

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10

V. Darji, Chandrakant. "Basic Mathematical form Of Nature of Space And Dimension of Observable Universe and Beyond." International Journal of Empirical Research Methods 2, no. 2 (2024): 200–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.59762/ijerm299561102220241008122811.

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In this innovative research I have advanced the theory of space with definition of space, definition of types of space, and introduced energy-mass transformation, gravity and gravitation force. With this advance research, finally I have defined basic mathematical form of “Nature of space and Dimension of Observable Universe and beyond”.As we know the universe is defined as all space-time and their contents. However, several questions still remain open regarding higher dimension, singularity, gravity collapse at horizon of black hole, unified gravity, theory of everything, dark matter, dark ene

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11

Patel, V. M., and C. H. Lineweaver. "Entropy Production and the Maximum Entropy of the Universe." Proceedings 46, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecea-5-06672.

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The entropy of the observable universe has been calculated as Suni ~ 10104 k and is dominated by the entropy of supermassive black holes. Irreversible processes in the universe can only happen if there is an entropy gap ΔS between the entropy of the observable universe Suni and its maximum entropy Smax: ΔS = Smax − Suni. Thus, the entropy gap ΔS is a measure of the remaining potentially available free energy in the observable universe. To compute ΔS, one needs to know the value of Smax. There is no consensus on whether Smax is a constant or is time-dependent. A time-dependent Smax(t) has been

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12

Stuckey, W. M. "The observable universe inside a black hole." American Journal of Physics 62, no. 9 (1994): 788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.17460.

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13

Bruni, Marco, Sabino Matarrese, and Ornella Pantano. "A Local View of the Observable Universe." Physical Review Letters 74, no. 11 (1995): 1916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.74.1916.

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14

Eingorn, Maxim, and Alexander Zhuk. "Remarks on mechanical approach to observable Universe." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2014, no. 05 (2014): 024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2014/05/024.

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15

Mackenzie, Craig O., Jianfu Zhou, and Gevorg Grigoryan. "Tertiary alphabet for the observable protein structural universe." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 47 (2016): E7438—E7447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607178113.

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Here, we systematically decompose the known protein structural universe into its basic elements, which we dub tertiary structural motifs (TERMs). A TERM is a compact backbone fragment that captures the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary environments around a given residue, comprising one or more disjoint segments (three on average). We seek the set of universal TERMs that capture all structure in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), finding remarkable degeneracy. Only ∼600 TERMs are sufficient to describe 50% of the PDB at sub-Angstrom resolution. However, more rare geometries also exist, and the ove

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16

D’Eramo, Francesco. "Thermal Axions: What’s next?" EPJ Web of Conferences 274 (2022): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227401007.

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Scattering and decay processes of thermal bath particles in the early universe can dump relativistic axions in the primordial plasma. If produced with a significant abundance, their presence can leave observable signatures in cosmological observables probing both the early and the late universe. We focus on the QCD axion and present recent and significant improvements for the calculation of the axion production rate across the different energy scales during the expansion of the universe. We apply these rates to predict the abundance of produced axions and to derive the latest cosmological boun

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17

Fabre, Ophélia, Simon Prunet, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. "Detectability of Torus Topology." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S306 (2014): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010989.

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AbstractThe global shape, or topology, of the universe is not constrained by the equations of General Relativity, which only describe the local universe. As a consequence, the boundaries of space are not fixed and topologies different from the trivial infinite Euclidean space are possible. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the most efficient tool to study topology and test alternative models. Multi-connected topologies, such as the 3-torus, are of great interest because they are anisotropic and allow us to test a possible violation of isotropy in CMB data. We show that the correlation f

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18

Carvalho, Joel C. "Derivation of the mass of the observable universe." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 34, no. 12 (1995): 2507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00670782.

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19

Giblin, Jr, John T., James B. Mertens, and Glenn D. Starkman. "OBSERVABLE DEVIATIONS FROM HOMOGENEITY IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS UNIVERSE." Astrophysical Journal 833, no. 2 (2016): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/247.

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20

Eingorn, Maxim, and Alexander Zhuk. "Hubble flows and gravitational potentials in observable Universe." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2012, no. 09 (2012): 026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2012/09/026.

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21

Darji, Chandrakant V. "Nature of Space And Dimension of Observable Universe and Beyond." International Journal Of Empirical Research Methods 2, no. 2 (2024): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.59762/ijerm205275792220240705094340.

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My innovative research into space, its definition, types, and transformation methods has led to the formulation of space transformation laws and space-matter transformation laws. These methods and laws govern the nature of the entire space. In this research, I have covered the entirety of space-time (Spacetime, 2022) and beyond by exploring the &quot;Dimension of the Observable Universe and Beyond.&quot; The universe is defined as all space-time and its contents (Universe, 2022). However, several questions remain open regarding higher dimensions (String theory vs Loop quantum gravity:

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22

GRIB, A. A., and YU V. PAVLOV. "SUPERHEAVY PARTICLES IN FRIEDMANN COSMOLOGY AND THE DARK MATTER PROBLEM." International Journal of Modern Physics D 11, no. 03 (2002): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271802001706.

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The model of creation of observable particles and particles of the dark matter, considered to be superheavy particles, due to particle creation by the gravitational field of the Friedmann model of the early Universe is given. Estimates on the parameters of the model leading to observable values of the baryon number of the Universe and the dark matter density are made.

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23

TANHAYI, MOHAMMAD REZA, MOHSEN FATHI, and MOHAMMAD VAHID TAKOOK. "OBSERVABLE QUANTITIES IN WEYL GRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 32 (2011): 2403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311036759.

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In this paper, the cosmological "constant" and the Hubble parameter are considered in the Weyl theory of gravity, by taking them as functions of r and t, respectively. Based on this theory and in the linear approximation, we obtain the values of H0 and Λ0 which are in good agreement with the known values of the parameters for the current state of the universe.

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24

Bormotova, Irina, Elena Kopteva, and Zdeněk Stuchlík. "Geodesic Structure of the Accelerated Stephani Universe." Symmetry 13, no. 6 (2021): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13061001.

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For the spherically symmetric Stephani cosmological model with an accelerated expansion, we investigate the main scenarios of the test particle and photon motion. We show that a comoving observer sees an appropriate picture. In the case of purely radial motion, the radial velocity decreases slightly with time due to the universe expansion. Both particles and photons spiral out of the center when the radial coordinate is constant. In the case of the motion with arbitrary initial velocity, the observable radial distance to the test particle can increase under negative observable radial velocity.

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25

PERVUSHIN, V., and T. TOWMASJAN. "OBSERVABLE TIME IN QUANTUM COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 04, no. 01 (1995): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271895000089.

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We show that the first principles of quantization and the experience of relativistic quantum mechanics can lead to the definition of observable time in quantum cosmology as a global quantity which coincides with the constrained action of the reduced theory up to the energy factor. The latter is fixed by the correspondence principle once one considers the limit of the “dust filled” Universe. The “global time” interpolates between the proper time for dust dominance and the conformal time for radiation dominance.

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26

Li, Xiaoyun, La Ba Sakya Genzon, Suoang Longzhou, Youping Dai, and Yangsheng Xu. "The Observable Universe in a Simplified Cosmic Dynamic Model." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 09, no. 06 (2021): 1322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2021.96089.

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27

Dvali, Gia. "Accelerated Universe and Gravity Modified at Largest Observable Distances." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 163 (2006): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.163.174.

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28

Reverdy, Vincent, Jean-Michel Alimi, Vincent Bouillot, et al. "DEUS full observable universe simulations: Numerical challenge and outlooks." International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 29, no. 3 (2015): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342015576845.

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29

Vernon, Ian, Michael Goldstein, and Richard Bower. "Galaxy Formation: Bayesian History Matching for the Observable Universe." Statistical Science 29, no. 1 (2014): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-sts412.

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30

Das, Tapan. "Origin of singularity in Big Bang theory from zero point energy." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 8 (2017): 767–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0015.

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This paper presents a mathematical proposition based on zero point energy of the creation of singularity in the current Hot Bing Bang theory of the origin of the universe. The observable universe we live in and can see is finite and is defined by the speed of light. The entire universe is infinite and the observable universe is part of it. Zero point energy exists in the entire universe and at all frequencies up to the Planck frequency. Zero point energy was calculated by Planck. The Casimir effect, predicted by Hendrick Casimir, is caused by zero point energy and has been experimentally prove

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31

Ms. Chinmayi V., Ms Chinmayi V. "A survey paper on the identification and behavioral aspects of Black Holes." Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences 11, no. 2 (2025): 60–62. https://doi.org/10.35629/2532-11026062.

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Our universe is so vast that the observable universe is just 5% as per some study. In this observable universe there are billions and billions of stars, galaxies and other massive formations. Black holes are one among them. But it gains attention due to its extreme gravitational force that even light can’t escape from this and hence can’t be seen. However, its behavior can be experienced and thus can not only identify but also analyses them in detail. This paper gives some light on the research made on black holes by some of the eminent professionals and thus summarizes it so that, this forms

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32

REBOUÇAS, MARCELO J. "CONSTRAINTS ON DARK ENERGY AND COSMIC TOPOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 08n09 (2009): 1625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09045121.

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A non-trivial spatial topology of the Universe is a potentially observable attribute, which can be probed through the circles-in-the-sky for all locally homogeneous and isotropic universes with no assumptions on the cosmological parameters. We show how one can use a possible circles-in-the-sky detection of the spatial topology of globally homogeneous universes to set constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameters.

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33

Prasad, Rajendra, Manvinder Singh, Anil Kumar Yadav, and A. Beesham. "An exact solution of the observable universe in Bianchi V space–time." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 06 (2021): 2150044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21500445.

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In this paper we investigate an observable universe in Bianchi type V space–time by taking into account the cosmological constant as the source of energy. We have performed an [Formula: see text] test to obtain the best fit values of the model parameters of the universe in the derived model. We have used two types of data sets, viz: (i) 31 values of the Hubble parameter and (ii) the 1048 Pantheon data set of various supernovae distance moduli and apparent magnitudes. From both the data sets, we have estimated the current values of the Hubble constant, density parameters [Formula: see text] and

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34

Bolotin, Arkady. "The Holographic Principle Comes from Finiteness of the Universe’s Geometry." Entropy 26, no. 7 (2024): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26070604.

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Discovered as an apparent pattern, a universal relation between geometry and information called the holographic principle has yet to be explained. This relation is unfolded in the present paper. As it is demonstrated there, the origin of the holographic principle lies in the fact that a geometry of physical space has only a finite number of points. Furthermore, it is shown that the puzzlement of the holographic principle can be explained by a magnification of grid cells used to discretize geometrical magnitudes such as areas and volumes into sets of points. To wit, when grid cells of the Planc

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35

Díaz Murillo, Juan Bosco. "VARIATION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT AND HE MECHANISM THAT MAKES THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE TO GROW." Centros: Revista Científica Universitaria 14, no. 2 (2025): 109–23. https://doi.org/10.48204/j.centros.v14n2.a7610.

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The Universal Two theories which involve changes over the lifespan of the universe: The Gravitational Constant changes as the universe is expanding. A potential mechanism that drives the Universe growth. This theory also brings forward that Space-Time is another form (thing) interchangeable with matter and energy. Both theories are correlated one to each other. Besides the above-mentioned main subjects, this paper also suggested that the red shift of the light from stars is not due to the Doppler effect as Hubble Law established but the effect of the Higgs Field during their journey toward us.

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36

De Visscher, Alex. "Artificial versus biological intelligence in the Cosmos: clues from a stochastic analysis of the Drake equation." International Journal of Astrobiology 19, no. 5 (2020): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550420000129.

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AbstractThe Drake equation has been used many times to estimate the number of observable civilizations in the galaxy. However, the uncertainty of the outcome is so great that any individual result is of limited use, as predictions can range from a handful of observable civilizations in the observable universe to tens of millions per Milky Way-sized galaxy. A statistical investigation shows that the Drake equation, despite its uncertainties, delivers robust predictions of the likelihood that the prevalent form of intelligence in the universe is artificial rather than biological. The likelihood

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37

Dyer, Charles C. "Gravitational lenses and the inhomogeneous universe." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 2 (1986): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-027.

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The theory of static gravitatonal lenses is discussed using the optical scalar formalism and the ray-bending approximation to this formalism. The advantages of each approach are discussed, with particular emphasis on the use of the bending approximation for discretely observable lenses, say multiply imaged quasars, and the optical scalar equations for cumulative effects of inhomogeneities for distant objects in the universe.The effect of a locally lumpy distribution on the past null cone of a typical observer is discussed. This is of particular interest in deciding the limits to which one can

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38

Adamian, Gurgen G., Nikolai V. Antonenko, Horst Lenske, and Vazgen V. Sargsyan. "Application of Regge Theory to Astronomical Objects." Physics 3, no. 3 (2021): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics3030040.

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Using the model based on the Regge-like laws, new analytical formulas are obtained for the moment of inertia, the rotation frequency, and the radius of astronomical non-exotic objects (planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies). The rotation frequency and moment of inertia of a neutron star and the observable Universe are estimated. The estimates of the average numbers of stars and galaxies in the observable Universe are given. The Darwin instability effect in the binary systems (di-planets, di-stars, and di-galaxies) is also analyzed.

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39

Favalli, Tommaso, and Augusto Smerzi. "Time Observables in a Timeless Universe." Quantum 4 (October 29, 2020): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-10-29-354.

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Time in quantum mechanics is peculiar: it is an observable that cannot be associated to an Hermitian operator. As a consequence it is impossible to explain dynamics in an isolated system without invoking an external classical clock, a fact that becomes particularly problematic in the context of quantum gravity. An unconventional solution was pioneered by Page and Wootters (PaW) in 1983. PaW showed that dynamics can be an emergent property of the entanglement between two subsystems of a static Universe. In this work we first investigate the possibility to introduce in this framework a Hermitian

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40

AGULLO, IVAN, and LEONARD PARKER. "STIMULATED CREATION OF QUANTA DURING INFLATION AND THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 14 (2011): 2861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811020731.

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Inflation provides a natural mechanism to account for the origin of cosmic structures. The generation of primordial inhomogeneities during inflation can be understood via the spontaneous creation of quanta from the vacuum. We show that when the corresponding stimulated creation of quanta is considered, the characteristics of the state of the universe at the onset of inflation are not diluted by the inflationary expansion and can be imprinted in the spectrum of primordial inhomogeneities. The non-gaussianities (particularly in the so-called squeezed configuration) in the cosmic microwave backgr

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Shaikh*, Md Sadique. "Modelling Insight to Ball Eyes for Higher Dimensional Hyperspace Vision." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 7 (2021): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1283.

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To understand this complicated conceptual idea let me begin first with the definition of VISION and then after DIMENSIONS. The Vision is ability to acquire surrounding with input light, shapes, places, color to brain to create animated CONSCIOUSNESS in the help of Brain call Observable Life, Planet, Universe and Multiverse. Equally Vision also important to grow Brain Intelligence and Control to enhance, develop and shape planet earth and at present observable Universe. Now I would like to define term Dimensions as the ability of Eyes to scan surrounding available Vision with Left, Right, Top,

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42

Bajardi, Francesco, and Salvatore Capozziello. "Noether symmetries and quantum cosmology in extended teleparallel gravity." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 18, supp01 (2021): 2140002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887821400028.

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We apply the Noether Symmetry Approach to point-like teleparallel Lagrangians in view to derive minisuperspaces suitable for Quantum Cosmology. Adopting the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism, we find out related Wave Functions of the Universe. Specifically, by means of appropriate changes of variables suggested by the existence of Noether symmetries, it is possible to obtain the cosmological Hamiltonians whose solutions are classical trajectories interpretable as observable universes.

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JOAQUIM, F. R., I. MASINA, and A. RIOTTO. "OBSERVABLE ELECTRON EDM AND LEPTOGENESIS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 32 (2007): 6253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0703844x.

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In the context of the minimal supersymmetric seesaw model, the CP-violating neutrino Yukawa couplings might induce an electron electric dipole moment (EDM). The same interactions may also be responsible for the generation of the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. In the framework of mSUGRA, we identify in a model-independent way those patterns within the seesaw models which predict, barring unnatural cancelations, an electron EDM at a level probed by planned laboratory experiments and show that negative searches on τ→eγ decay may provide the strongest upper bound on th

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44

Cervantes Contreras, Aldrin. "Newtonian approximation to estimate the current temperature of the universe." Disciplines 2, no. 2 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.59235/disciplines2212.

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Based on supernovae data, we built a potential for the observable universe. Using classical mechanics, we built a classical Lagrangian and a Hamiltonian to describe the evolution of the universe as a three-dimensional sphere. We then considered the universe as a classical statistical ensemble and determined the partition function of the universe and thus estimated its current temperature. This analysis is classical, quantum approximation was never used.

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Behroozi, Peter, Charlie Conroy, Risa H. Wechsler, et al. "The Universe at z > 10: predictions for JWST from the universemachine DR1." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 4 (2020): 5702–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3164.

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ABSTRACT The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to observe galaxies at z &gt; 10 that are presently inaccessible. Here, we use a self-consistent empirical model, the universemachine, to generate mock galaxy catalogues and light-cones over the redshift range z = 0−15. These data include realistic galaxy properties (stellar masses, star formation rates, and UV luminosities), galaxy–halo relationships, and galaxy–galaxy clustering. Mock observables are also provided for different model parameters spanning observational uncertainties at z &lt; 10. We predict that Cycle 1 JWST su

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46

Belotsky, K. M., A. A. Kirillov, and S. G. Rubin. "Primordial black holes and the observable features of the universe." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 13 (2015): 1545005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815450054.

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Here, we briefly discuss the possibility to solve simultaneously with primordial black holes (PBHs) the problems of dark matter (DM), reionization of the universe, origin of positron line from Galactic center and supermassive black hole (BH) in it. Discussed scenario can naturally lead to a multiple-peak broad-mass-range distribution of PBHs in mass, which is necessary for simultaneous solution of the problems.

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47

Agullo, Ivan, and Leonard Parker. "Stimulated creation of quanta during inflation and the observable universe." General Relativity and Gravitation 43, no. 10 (2011): 2541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-011-1220-8.

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Valev. "ESTIMATIONS OF TOTAL MASS AND ENERGY OF THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE." Physics International 5, no. 1 (2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/pisp.2014.15.20.

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Page, Don N. "Ab initio estimates of the size of the observable universe." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2011, no. 09 (2011): 037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/09/037.

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Hujeirat, Ahmad A. "Foundation of the Unicentric Model of the Observable Universe—UNIMOUN." Journal of Modern Physics 14, no. 04 (2023): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2023.144023.

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