Relevant bibliographies by topics / Observation effort

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Observation effort'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Observation effort"

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Gordon, Sidartha, Chantal Marlats, and Lucie Ménager. "Observation delays in teams and effort cycles." Games and Economic Behavior 130 (November 2021): 276–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2021.07.014.

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Moersdorf, Paul, and Eric Meindl. "Sustained Ocean Observations and the Role of NOAA's Marine Observation Network." Marine Technology Society Journal 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537258.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operates a network of automated moored buoys in the oceans whose installation began in the early 1970s. What began as a research and development program consolidating independent U.S. buoy projects, by the mid-1980s evolved into an operational activity when the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) was moved into NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS). Except for a few reimbursable projects requiring ocean data, little effort was placed on sustained ocean monitoring, as NDBC focused upon satisfying NWS' mission requirements. NOAA's recent direction to become a “matrix” organization is leading to greater utilization of assets across its line offices. NDBC and its Marine Observing Network (MON) of moored buoys and fixed stations have become recognized as NOAA assets that can help meet NOAA-wide strategic goals. This paper describes some of NDBC's history and the future role it can play as part of a federal “backbone” system to support scientific needs of the community that works in the oceans.
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Wang, Guangchao, and Xiaochun Sun. "A Chinese Innovation Based on Western Methods: The Double-Epicycle Solar Model in the Lixiang kaocheng, 1722." Journal for the History of Astronomy 50, no. 2 (May 2019): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828619843431.

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This article attempts to show how an effort was made by Chinese astronomers to improve on the solar model under the auspice of Emperor Kangxi, in circumstances of the merging of Western and Chinese mathematical astronomy. The result of this effort is the Lixiang kaocheng. Different from the eccentric solar model in the previous calendars, Lixiang kaocheng invented a double-epicycle model to describe the solar motion, aiming at bringing computations into agreement with observation. The observational data used for determining the parameters of solar model might be obtained with Tychonic instruments. But it is also possible that these “observational data” might have been derived from Western astronomical tables. Although actual observations did become more accurate, it did not reflect upon the revision of the solar model. The accuracy of the solar model in the Lixiang kaocheng did not increase very much compared with the previous models.
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Radford, Keith W. "Movement Education in Physical Education—A Definitional Effort." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 9, no. 1 (October 1989): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.9.1.1.

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A philosophical approach was taken to the development of a framework for understanding the nature of movement observation as an aspect of teaching performance in physical education. The concepts and relationships that were revealed through a rigorous review of the literature on movement observation resulted in the conception of a theoretical framework. The framework conceived of movement observation as three independent subprocesses: attention, template formation, and motivation. The functional operation of these three subprocesses was proposed in terms of two developmental principles that operate in reciprocal fashion: that of simplicity and that of economy.
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Polacheck, Tom, Ray Hilborn, and Andre E. Punt. "Fitting Surplus Production Models: Comparing Methods and Measuring Uncertainty." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-284.

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Three approaches are commonly used to fit surplus production models to observed data: effort-averaging methods; process-error estimators; and observation-error estimators. We compare these approaches using real and simulated data sets, and conclude that they yield substantially different interpretations of productivity. Effort-averaging methods assume the stock is in equilibrium relative to the recent effort; this assumption is rarely satisfied and usually leads to overestimation of potential yield and optimum effort. Effort-averaging methods will almost always produce what appears to be "reasonable" estimates of maximum sustainable yield and optimum effort, and the r2 statistic used to evaluate the goodness of fit can provide an unrealistic illusion of confidence about the parameter estimates obtained. Process-error estimators produce much less reliable estimates than observation-error estimators. The observation-error estimator provides the lowest estimates of maximum sustainable yield and optimum effort and is the least biased and the most precise (shown in Monte-Carlo trials). We suggest that observation-error estimators be used when fitting surplus production models, that effort-averaging methods be abandoned, and that process-error estimators should only be applied if simulation studies and practical experience suggest that they will be superior to observation-error estimators.
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Bezručka, Juraj. "Non-observation RINEX compression." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/congeo-2013-0020.

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Abstract RINEX format is a result of an effort to standardize exchanging GNSS related data in human readable receiver independent format. Besides observation data, RINEX is also de facto standard for exchanging navigation message or meteorological data. The paper describes simple compression methods for navigation messages and meteorological data files. Both formats have their specific features, therefore different methods were used. Followed by standard compression the algorithms reduce the file size by more than 20 percent compared to standard compression. Thanks to the properties of weather and regular parameter observations it allows to reduce the file size of meteorological RINEX to a mere fraction of its original size.
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Stolberg, Michael. "Empiricism in Sixteenth-Century Medical Practice." Early Science and Medicine 18, no. 6 (2013): 487–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-0186p0001.

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Based on an analysis of some 4.000 pages of manuscript notes on ordinary medical practice which the little-known Bohemian physician Georg Handsch (1529–1578?) wrote from the late 1540s, this article traces the central place which empiricist attitudes and approaches held in mid-sixteenth-century learned medical practice. While explicit epistemological statements are rare, the very effort which Handsch put into recording thousands of observations he and other physicians around him had made, and the value they attributed to the experiences of ordinary lay persons and even “empirics” reflects a profound belief in the value of sensory experience and personal observation. The paper traces the uses of empiricist key terms like “experientia,” “historia” and “observatio,” it highlights the epistemic effects of personal observation, from confirming and challenging established notions to the creation of new general knowledge from particulars, and it suggests, in conclusion, that such brief notes on ordinary medical practice played an important role in the history of “facts.”
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Pachelski, Wojciech, and Paweł Postek. "Optimization of observation plan based on the stochastic characteristics of the geodetic network." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 101, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rgg-2016-0018.

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Abstract Optimal design of geodetic network is a basic subject of many engineering projects. An observation plan is a concluding part of the process. Any particular observation within the network has through adjustment a different contribution and impact on values and accuracy characteristics of unknowns. The problem of optimal design can be solved by means of computer simulation. This paper presents a new method of simulation based on sequential estimation of individual observations in a step-by-step manner, by means of the so-called filtering equations. The algorithm aims at satisfying different criteria of accuracy according to various interpretations of the covariance matrix. Apart of them, the optimization criterion is also amount of effort, defined as the minimum number of observations required. A numerical example of a 2-D network is illustrated to view the effectiveness of presented method. The results show decrease of the number of observations by 66% with respect to the not optimized observation plan, which still satisfy the assumed accuracy.
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Grice, James W., Maria Yepez, Nicole L. Wilson, and Yuichi Shoda. "Observation-Oriented Modeling: Going Beyond “Is It All a Matter of Chance”?" Educational and Psychological Measurement 77, no. 5 (October 6, 2016): 855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164416667985.

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An alternative to null hypothesis significance testing is presented and discussed. This approach, referred to as observation-oriented modeling, is centered on model building in an effort to explicate the structures and processes believed to generate a set of observations. In terms of analysis, this novel approach complements traditional methods based on means, variances, and covariances with methods of pattern detection and analysis. Using data from a previously published study by Shoda et al., the basic tenets and methods of observation-oriented modeling are demonstrated and compared with traditional methods, particularly with regard to null hypothesis significance testing.
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Del Vecchio, Fabrício Boscolo, Jerônimo Jaspe Rodrigues Silva, and Charles Bartel Farias. "Análise temporal de combates de Muay-Thai de nível nacional: Efeitos da fase competitiva." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 10, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v10i1.1635.

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<em>Introduction:</em><strong> </strong>Temporal analysis of matches allows the study of fighting patterns in combat sports. With this procedure, we can recreate the efforts in specific training. However, up to date have no information concerning temporal analysis considering competitive level in Muay-Thai. <em>Objective:</em><strong> </strong>To investigate temporal characteristics of Muay-Thai athletes in official competition from national level, considering round, and to compare preliminary combats with those that had medal disputes. <em>Material and methods:</em> Were recorded 65 matches in a Brazilian championship. We conducted <em>in loco</em> recording. To time-motion analysis, Software Kinovea™ was used. Were considered Observation, Preparation and Interaction periods, as well as high intensity and low intensity ratio (HI:LI). The average duration of the rounds between competitive phases (preliminary or finals) was compared with a <em>t</em> test. A generalized linear model was applied considering effort duration as dependent variable and competitive level, round and effort type as independent. Significant level was set in 5%. <em>Results:</em> Were registered 7 to 8 s of Observation, near from 3 s of Preparation and 4 to 5.5 s of Interaction effort type, and the duration of Observation effort was significantly superior the others. Significant differences were observed in the Interaction between preliminary and finals (respectively 5.5 ± 0.3 s and 3.7 ± 0.5 s; p &lt; 0.05). Pooling the Observation and Preparation time as low intensity (LI), and Interaction as high intensity (HI) efforts, the HI:LI ratio was 1:2in eliminatory and 1:3 in the final matches. <em>Conclusions:</em><strong> </strong>Muay-Thai is an intermittent combat sport, the duration of Interaction effort type is lower in final in comparison to preliminary matches.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Observation effort"

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Chomier, Catherine. "L'hyperthermie maligne d'effort : à propos d'une observation." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6208.

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Reese, Caitlin S. "The Effects of Third Party Observation on Credible and Non-credible Cognitive Performance: A Simulation Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1320932313.

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Brown, Daniel Sundquist. "Toward Scalable Human Interaction with Bio-Inspired Robot Teams." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3776.

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Bio-inspired swarming behaviors provide an effective decentralized way of coordinating robot teams. However, as robot swarms increase in size, bandwidth and time constraints limit the number of agents a human can communicate with and control. To facilitate scalable human interaction with large robot swarms it is desirable to monitor and influence the collective behavior of the entire swarm through limited interactions with a small subset of agents. However, it is also desirable to avoid situations where a small number of agent failures can adversely affect the collective behavior of the swarm. We present a bio-inspired model of swarming that exhibits distinct collective behaviors and affords limited human interaction to estimate and influence these collective behaviors. Using a simple naive Bayes classifier, we show that the global behavior of a swarm can be detected with high accuracy by sampling local information from a small number of agents. We also show that adding a bio-inspired form of quorum sensing to a swarm increases the scalability of human-swarm interactions and also provides an adjustable threshold on the swarm's vulnerability to agent failures.
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Mennecart, Marc. "Hyperthermie d'effort : a propos de 8 observations." Reims, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REIMM052.

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Quaas, Johannes, Antti Arola, Brian Cairns, Matthew Christensen, Hartwig Deneke, Annica M. L. Ekman, Graham Feingold, et al. "Constraining the Twomey effect from satellite observations: issues and perspectives." Copernicus Publications, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74864.

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The Twomey effect describes the radiative forcing associated with a change in cloud albedo due to an increase in anthropogenic aerosol emissions. It is driven by the perturbation in cloud droplet number concentration (1Nd; ant) in liquid-water clouds and is currently understood to exert a cooling effect on climate. The Twomey effect is the key driver in the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions, but rapid adjustments also contribute. These adjustments are essentially the responses of cloud fraction and liquid water path to 1Nd; ant and thus scale approximately with it. While the fundamental physics of the influence of added aerosol particles on the droplet concentration (Nd) is well described by established theory at the particle scale (micrometres), how this relationship is expressed at the large-scale (hundreds of kilometres) perturbation, 1Nd; ant, remains uncertain. The discrepancy between process understanding at particle scale and insufficient quantification at the climate-relevant large scale is caused by co-variability of aerosol particles and updraught velocity and by droplet sink processes. These operate at scales on the order of tens of metres at which only localised observations are available and at which no approach yet exists to quantify the anthropogenic perturbation. Different atmospheric models suggest diverse magnitudes of the Twomey effect even when applying the same anthropogenic aerosol emission perturbation. Thus, observational data are needed to quantify and constrain the Twomey effect. At the global scale, this means satellite data. There are four key uncertainties in determining 1Nd; ant, namely the quantification of (i) the cloud-active aerosol – the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at or above cloud base, (ii) Nd, (iii) the statistical approach for inferring the sensitivity of Nd to aerosol particles from the satellite data and (iv) uncertainty in the anthropogenic perturbation to CCN concentrations, which is not easily accessible from observational data. This review discusses deficiencies of current approaches for the different aspects of the problem and proposes several ways forward: in terms of CCN, retrievals of optical quantities such as aerosol optical depth suffer from a lack of vertical resolution, size and hygroscopicity information, non-direct relation to the concentration of aerosols, difficulty to quantify it within or below clouds, and the problem of insufficient sensitivity at low concentrations, in addition to retrieval errors. A future path forward can include utilising co-located polarimeter and lidar instruments, ideally including high-spectral-resolution lidar capability at two wavelengths to maximise vertically resolved size distribution information content. In terms of Nd, a key problem is the lack of operational retrievals of this quantity and the inaccuracy of the retrieval especially in broken-cloud regimes. As for the Nd-to-CCN sensitivity, key issues are the updraught distributions and the role of Nd sink processes, for which empirical assessments for specific cloud regimes are currently the best solutions. These considerations point to the conclusion that past studies using existing approaches have likely underestimated the true sensitivity and, thus, the radiative forcing due to the Twomey effect.
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Read, Matthew James. "The effect of wide-orbit planets on inner planetary systems and debris." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277016.

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Planetary systems around other stars have been observed to be far more diverse than what would be expected from the example of the Solar System. Exoplanets have been detected with a wide range of sizes and separations from the host star, with a range of orbital properties including large eccentricities and small inter-planet mutual inclinations. How representative these planetary systems are, however, is unclear due to detection techniques being more sensitive to planets on close orbits around the host star. It is possible therefore that a population of wide-orbit planets could be present in these systems and be evading detection. These planets may play a significant role in forming and shaping planetary systems, resulting in the architecture that is observed today. Currently, one of the major ways of inferring the presence of wide-orbit planets, besides directly detecting them, is to consider the dynamical impact they would have on known planets. In the first part of this thesis I consider how the eccentricities of known planets are affected due to long term dynamical interactions with a wide-orbit planet. I show that the eccentricity of a known planet in a system can periodically be significantly increased due to these interactions, provided that there are a total of two planets in the system. For systems with multiple known planets I show that the inner planets can protect each other against long term eccentricity perturbations from a wide-orbit planet. Following on from this investigation, I show how the inclinations of planets are affected due to long term interactions with a wide-orbit planet. Specifically, I consider how this interaction affects the probability that planetary systems are observed to transit. I find that the presence of wide-orbit planets in transiting planetary systems can help explain the so-called `Kepler-Dichotomy' which describes the apparent excess of observed single transiting systems compared with multi-planet transiting systems. Wide-orbit planets do not just dynamically interact with other planets in a system but also with small debris type bodies, akin to the Asteroid and Kuiper belts in the Solar System. In the second half of this thesis, I consider the planetary system HR8799 which is known to host four planets and two populations of debris which lie both internally and externally to the known planets. I find, through suites of N-body simulations, that a hypothetical planet in HR8799 sculpts an outer debris population that agrees more strongly with observations, compared with what would be expected by considering the known planets in isolation. Finally, for the last part of this thesis, I describe a survey that is looking to observe wide-orbit planets in close-by planetary systems directly. The observations and analysis for this survey is currently on-going, however I show preliminary results including systems with and without potential companion detections.
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BONIN, ANNE. "Interet de l'oxymetrie d'effort chez le mineur de charbon pneumoconiotique : etude a partir de 63 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M200.

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LAHLOU, CHAKIB. "Fibrose pulmonaire a la lomustine : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M331.

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Herlem, Pascal. "Validation du nippon colin stbp 680 lors de l'epreuve d'effort : a propos de 30 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M361.

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MAZEREEUW, FRANCOIS. "Les lithiases urinaires induites par l'acetazolamide : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M163.

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Books on the topic "Observation effort"

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The micro-doppler effect in radar. Boston: Artech House, 2011.

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Curran, Daniel S. Catch and effort from Hawaii's longline fishery summarized by quarters and five degree squares. [La Jolla, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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Curran, Daniel S. Catch and effort from Hawaii's longline fishery summarized by quarters and five degree squares. [La Jolla, Calif.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 1996.

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Cook, P. A. Observations and modelling of the seeder-feeder effect. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Canada. Office of the Auditor General. Cause - effect analysis for developing observations in system audits. [Ottawa: Office of the Auditor General], 1985.

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Ignell, Steve. Observations on high-seas squid gill-net fisheries, North Pacific Ocean, 1985. Auke Bay, Alaska: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Auke Bay Laboratory, 1986.

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Ignell, Steve. Observations on high-seas squid gill-net fisheries, North Pacific Ocean, 1985. Auke Bay, Alaska: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Auke Bay Laboratory, 1986.

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Rutecki, T. L. Data report: National Marine Fisheries Service longline surveys, 1991-96. [Seattle, Wash.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 1997.

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Wilkins, M. E. The 1995 Pacific west coast bottom trawl survey of groundfish resources: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and length and age composition. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 1998.

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Lauth, R. R. The 1996 Pacific west coast upper continental slope trawl survey of groundfish resources off Washington and Oregon: Estimates of distribution, abundance, and length composition. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Observation effort"

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Geller, Gary N., Jeannine Cavender-Bares, John A. Gamon, Kyle McDonald, Erika Podest, Phil A. Townsend, and Susan Ustin. "Epilogue: Toward a Global Biodiversity Monitoring System." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 519–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_20.

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AbstractMonitoring the ongoing declines in biodiversity and ecosystem health is essential for formulating societal responses. The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) was created in 2008 to develop a global monitoring network, but that is a huge task with much remaining work. Fortunately, satellite remote sensing can help by providing periodic, global data that is not otherwise available. Continued advances – many of which are discussed in this book’s 19 chapters – in science as well as sensor and computational technology have an increasingly important role. However, taking advantage of these requires bringing together a variety of elements and disciplines, and it is with this in mind that a conceptual system architecture is here suggested. Key elements of this cloud-based architecture include: explicit support for collaboration, particularly across disciplines, to facilitate development of new algorithms; access to a wide variety of data, including satellite, airborne, and in situ; recognition of the importance of integrating across sensors and scales; and access to significant CPU cycles for generating heavy products such as time series. Such a system would build upon GEO BON and contribute to its mission by being the core of its RS activities; like GEO BON itself, it would be a coordinated effort among many international players.
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Birkinshaw, M. "The Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect and H0." In Observational Cosmology, 83–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3853-3_8.

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Grainge, K. "The Sunyaev-Zel’Dovich Effect And Hubble’s Constant." In Observational Cosmology, 83–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5238-9_15.

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Richards, E. A. "The S-Z Effect at High Redshift." In Observational Cosmology, 95–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5238-9_17.

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Taylor, Patrick T., Käroly I. Kis, Ralph R. B. von Frese, Juha V. Korhonen, Géza Wittmann, Hyung Rae Kim, and Laramie V. Potts. "Effect of Varying Crustal Thickness on CHAMP Geopotential Data." In Earth Observation with CHAMP, 279–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26800-6_44.

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Jones, Michael E. "A High-Redshift Cluster Detected Via Its S-Z Effect." In Observational Cosmology, 89–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5238-9_16.

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Liu, Zhen, Tim Foresman, John van Genderen, and Lizhe Wang. "Understanding Digital Earth." In Manual of Digital Earth, 1–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9915-3_1.

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Abstract In the two decades since the debut of the Digital Earth (DE) vision, a concerted international effort has engaged in nurturing the development of a technology framework and harnessing applications to preserve the planet and sustain human societies. Evolutionary threads can be traced to key historic and multidisciplinary foundations, which were presciently articulated and represented at the first International Symposium on Digital Earth hosted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999. Pioneering groups in government, industry, and academia have cultivated this fertile futuristic conceptual model with technological incubation and exploratory applications. An array of space-age developments in computers, the internet and communications, Earth observation satellites, and spatially oriented applications sparked an innovative discipline. The Beijing Declaration on Digital Earth is recognized for its role in promulgating the series of International Symposia on Digital Earth to promote understanding of the impacts of DE technology and applications on behalf of humankind. Combinations of industrial, academic, and government organizations have rapidly advanced the technological components necessary for implementing the DE vision. Commercial leaders such as Google have accelerated the influence of DE for large segments of society. Challenges remain regarding requisite collaboration on international standards to optimize and accelerate DE implementation scenarios. This chapter provides an overview of the DE initiative and basic framework, the global response to DE, the evolution of DE, its relationship to key global science initiatives, and the response to global challenges.
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Heinemann, Bernhard. "Observational Effort and Formally Open Mappings." In Logic, Language, Information and Computation, 197–208. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02261-6_16.

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Fernández, Néstor, Simon Ferrier, Laetitia M. Navarro, and Henrique M. Pereira. "Essential Biodiversity Variables: Integrating In-Situ Observations and Remote Sensing Through Modeling." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 485–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_18.

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AbstractEssential biodiversity variables (EBVs) are designed to support the detection and quantification of biodiversity change and to define priorities in biodiversity monitoring. Unlike most primary observations of biodiversity phenomena, EBV products should provide information readily available to produce policy-relevant biodiversity indicators, ideally at multiple spatial scales, from global to subnational. This information is typically complex to produce from a single set of data or type of observation, thus requiring approaches that integrate multiple sources of in situ and remote sensing (RS) data. Here we present an up-to-date EBV concept for biodiversity data integration and discuss the critical components of workflows for EBV production. We argue that open and reproducible workflows for data integration are critical to ensure traceability and reproducibility so that each EBV endures and can be updated as novel biodiversity models are adopted, new observation systems become available, and new data sets are incorporated. Fulfilling the EBV vision requires strengthening efforts to mobilize massive amounts of in situ biodiversity data that are not yet publicly available and taking full advantage of emerging RS technologies, novel biodiversity models, and informatics infrastructures, in alignment with the development of a globally coordinated system for biodiversity monitoring.
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Hamayun, Z., R. Tenzer, and I. Prutkin. "Smoothing Effect of the Topographical Correction on Various Types of the Gravity Anomalies." In Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, 397–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Observation effort"

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Huhta, Otto, Prakash Shrestha, Swapnil Udar, Mika Juuti, Nitesh Saxena, and N. Asokan. "Pitfalls in Designing Zero-Effort Deauthentication: Opportunistic Human Observation Attacks." In Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. Reston, VA: Internet Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23199.

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Pi, Jaehwan, Donghun Lee, Hee Seob Kim, and Hyochoong Bang. "Operational study for Earth observation satellites by minimum command effort." In 2010 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2010.5669930.

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Woolliams, Emma, Céline Pascale, Paola Fisicaro, and Nigel Fox. "The European metrology network for climate and ocean observation." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201905001.

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EURAMET, the association responsible for coordinating the integrated metrology community in Europe, has recently established European Metrology Networks (EMNs) to support its aim to bring high-quality scientific research and coordinated metrological services to meet the rapidly advancing needs of different stakeholders for metrology. The EMN for Climate and Ocean Observation is one of the initial six EMNs and has been set up as a European coordination body to support the global effort to bring rigorous metrological discipline into the observations that underpin our understanding of the climate and the oceans. This paper describes the network, its activity so far, and its plans.
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Agapiou, Athos, Vasiliki Lysandrou, and Branka Cuca. "COPERNICUS EARTH OBSERVATION FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12512.

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This article summarises the contribution of the European Union's Earth Observation Copernicus Programme, and other satellite-based platforms for cultural heritage applications and highlights the results of some national and European projects conducted in this domain. Even though the Copernicus Programme has recently been introduced for cultural heritage use (i.e., after the second half of this decade), the full, free, and open data policy, known as FFO, has increased the number of relevant applications. Since then, several studies dedicated to cultural heritage monitoring, management, etc., have been presented in the literature. Despite the medium spatial resolution of the radar and optical Sentinel sensors, the high-temporal revisit time of these sensors in combination with other legacy space programmes (e.g., the Landsat space programme) can provide useful information to site-managers, local and regional stakeholders, and other national agencies. Also, new developments in the domain of image processing like the use of big-data earth observation cloud platforms already showcased the potentials for dedicated space-based cultural heritage services. However, this technological shift remains still within the scientific and theoretical research domain. Therefore, much effort is still needed towards the implementation of national policies.
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Lai, Zhian, Yuli Wang, Christopher E. Sims, Nancy Allbritton, Mark Bachman, and Guann-Pyng Li. "A Label-Free Integrated Optics Biosensor by Diffraction Grating Coupler." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38076.

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Biosensors are analytical devices to detect biological reactions. Fluorescence labeling is the most widely used method. Labeling free methods are desired in some cases because it can save the time and effort of the labeling step and provide real-time observation for the reactions.
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Lee, David J., Soyoung S. Cha, and Narayanan Ramachandran. "Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Optical/X-Ray Stereoscopic Tracking Velocimetry." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62450.

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Measurement of three-dimensional (3-D) three-component velocity fields is of great importance in a variety of research and industrial applications for understanding materials processing, fluid physics, and strain/displacement measurements. The 3-D experiments in these fields most likely inhibit the use of conventional techniques, which are based only on planar and optically-transparent-field observation. Here, we briefly review the current status of 3-D diagnostics for motion/velocity detection, for both optical and x-ray systems. As an initial step for providing 3-D capabilities, we have developed stereoscopic tracking velocimetry (STV) to measure 3-D flow/deformation through optical observation. The STV is advantageous in system simplicity, for continually observing 3-D phenomena in near real-time. In an effort to enhance the data processing through automation and to avoid the confusion in tracking numerous markers or particles, artificial neural networks are employed to incorporate human intelligence. Our initial optical investigations have proven the STV to be a very viable candidate for reliably measuring 3-D flow motions. With previous activities are focused on improving the processing efficiency, overall accuracy, and automation based on the optical system, the current efforts is directed to the concurrent expansion to the x-ray system for broader experimental applications.
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Camburn, Bradley, Kristin Wood, Richard Crawford, and Dan Jensen. "Novel Geometrical Approach to Designing Flow Channels." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71448.

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Many natural systems that transport heat, energy or fluid from a distributed volume to a single flow channel exhibit an analogous appearance to trees (examples include bronchial tubes, watersheds, lightening, and blood vessels). Several authors have proceeded with analytical methods to develop fractal or pseudo-fractal designs analogous to these natural instances. This implicates an implicit belief in some designers that there is an optimal attribute to this ‘tree-like’ appearance. A novel explanation for the appearance of these systems is presented in this paper. Natural systems follow the path of least resistance; or in other words, minimize transport effort. Effort is required to overcome all forms of friction (an unavoidable consequence of motion). Therefore effort minimization is analogous to transport distance (path length) minimization. Effort due to friction will be integrated over the total transport distance. Leveraging this observation a simple, geometric explanation for the emergent ‘tree-like’ architecture of many natural systems is now achievable. Note that this ‘tree’ effect occurs when most of the flow volume exhibits diffusion, with a small percentage of interdigitated high flow velocity channels. One notable application of our novel method, path length analysis, is the automated creation of cooling channel networks for heat generating micro-chips. As a demonstration, this path length analysis method was used to develop a significantly more efficient channel configuration (by 14%) than the state of the art for conductive microchip cooling. An extensive array of finite element models confirms the performance of this novel configuration.
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Abid, Muhammad, and David H. Nash. "Risk Assessment Studies of Gasketed and Non-Gasketed Bolted Pipe Joints." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27386.

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Over many years much effort has been made to develop design codes for pressure vessels, pipe-work, flanges and so on to design a system of high structural integrity. In-spite of the efforts the reliability of the system can be adversely affected for many reasons. Poor construction practices, incorrect selection of components such as gasket, improper quality of bolts and surface treatment, incorrect tooling, wrong application, underestimated joint size due to incorrect loading consideration, incorrect use of code, lack of thought to plant use, or a change of use during the life of a plant may make a joint unsuitable. The list is not exhaustive and not all the possible causes of failure may become apparent during commissioning. Failure of a pipe joint means the achievement of a leak rate below a certain maximum limit or the gross failure of the pipeline in which structural integrity is lost. So the high reliability of a system can be obtained if the right joint is selected for an application and factors that affect the reliability should be considered carefully. A very limited work has been done for the risk assessment of bolted pipe joints. At first, the most comprehensive work is done by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) regarding risk assessment of pipe joints. In addition, Webjorn and Thompson have also performed comparative reliability studies for these joints. Both DNV and Webjorn concluded that compact flange joints show better functional safety than conventional gasketed flange joints. Thomson concluded that both the joints are of high integrity and perform well in excellent service under appropriate installation and maintenance conditions. All above studies have been performed based on information and observations. Present author has performed detailed failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in the light of above-mentioned studies, idustrial surveys, analysis, experimental work and subsequent observations. The aim of the study was to increase the reliability knowledge about the gasketed and non-gasketed flanged pipe joints and thereby to increase the basis for finding the optimal pipe connection based on general observation and experimental studies performed.
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Rudland, D., D. J. Shim, and A. Csontos. "Natural Flaw Shape Development Due to Stress Corrosion Cracking." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61205.

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Typical ASME Section XI subcritical cracking analyses assume an idealized flaw shape driven by stress intensity factors developed for semi-elliptical shaped flaws. Recent advanced finite element analyses (AFEA) conducted by both the US NRC and the nuclear industry for long circumferential indications found in the pressurizer nozzle dissimilar metal welds at the Wolf Creek power plant, suggest that the semi-elliptical flaw assumption may be overly conservative in some cases. The AFEA methodology that was developed allowed the progression of a planar flaw subjected to typical SCC-type growth laws by calculating stress intensity factors at every nodal point along the crack front, and incrementally advancing the crack front in a more natural manner. Typically crack growth analyses increment the semi-elliptical flaw by considering only the stress intensity factor at the deepest and surface locations along the crack front, while keeping the flaw shape semi-elliptical. In this paper, a brief background to the AFEA methodology and the analyses conducted in the Wolf Creek effort will be discussed. In addition, the natural behavior of surface cracks under normal operating conditions (plus welding residual stress) will be investigated and compared to the semi-elliptical assumption. Conclusions on the observation of when semi-elliptical flaw assumptions are appropriate will be made. These observations will add insight into the conservatism of using an idealized flaw shape assumption.
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Wahyuni, Tavip Dwi. "The Effect of Community Empowerment on The Implementation of Diabetes Mellitus Management in Malangsuko, West Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.11.

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ABSTRACT Background: Efforts to deal with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) disease require support from various parties, especially the community and family apart from the sufferer himself. The community in an effort to reduce the risk of DM disease, among others, by providing knowledge and understanding to families and sufferers directly, including empowering the community. This study was carried out by empowering health cadres by training in knowledge and skills in medical examinations, starting from checking blood pressure, anthropometry, and blood sugar. This study aimed to analyze the effect of community empowerment on the implementation of DM management. Subjects and Method: This was an experimental study with a control group design. This study was carried out in Malangsuko Village, West Java. Total of 30 cadres were divided into 15 cadres in the control group and 15 cadres in the treatment group. The independent variable was community empowerment. The dependent variable was the implementation of DM management. Data were collected using questionnaire and observation sheet skills results. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test. Results: After a post test, a total of 73% cadres had moderate knowledge and 80% had low skill in control group, while in intervention group, 73.3% cadres had good knowledge and 100% had good skill. Conclusion: The empowerment of health cadres in Malangsuko Village is effective because it has a positive impact on knowledge and skills in early detection of DM disease. Keywords: community empowerment, diabetes mellitus management Correspondence: Tavip Dwi Wahyuni. School of Health Polytechnics, Malang, East Java. Email: tavip_dwi@poltekkes-malang.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.11
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Reports on the topic "Observation effort"

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Armas, Elvira, and Magaly Lavadenz. The Observation Protocol for Academic Literacies (OPAL); A Tool for Supporting Teachers of English Language Learners. CEEL, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2011.1.

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Schools and school systems are experiencing an instructional support gap that results in limited opportunities for educators to analyze, reflect on and improve research-based practices for ELLs so that outcomes for culturally and linguistically diverse students can change. To address this need, an inter-disciplinary research team from the Center for Equity for English Learners, comprised of educational leaders, teachers, researchers, and content experts developed a classroom observational instrument—the Observation Protocol for Academic Literacies (OPAL). The OPAL is intended for teachers, educational leaders, coaches, and others to conduct focused classroom observations for three potential purposes: research/evaluation, professional development, and coaching. In this article the authors introduce the OPAL’s research base, describe how to use the OPAL tool, and provide examples of the applied use of the OPAL to support professional learning and evaluate a three-year school reform effort.
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Saltzberg, D. Observation of the Askaryan Effect. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839956.

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Ducharme, S., J. C. Scott, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner. Observation of the Photorefractive Effect in a Polymer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231339.

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Jessop, Colin P. Observation of the Dynamic Beta Effect at CESR With CLEO. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813071.

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Liu, Baoli. Experimental Observation of the Inverse Spin Hall Effect at Room Temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/973794.

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Zilberman, Mark. “Doppler de-boosting” and the observation of “Standard candles” in cosmology. Intellectual Archive, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2549.

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“Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the name of relativistic effect observed for receding light sources (e.g. relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts). “Doppler boosting” changes the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” causes the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment of an Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)α -3 and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)-2. “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.
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Zilberman, Mark. "Doppler De-boosting" and the Observation of "Standard Candles" in Cosmology. Intellectual Archive, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2552.

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“Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the same relativistic effect observed but for receding light sources (e.g. relativistic jets of AGN and GRB). “Doppler boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard Candle adjustment of Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)α -3 and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)-2. “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.
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Zilberman, Mark. PREPRINT. “Doppler de-boosting” and the observation of “Standard candles” in cosmology. Intellectual Archive, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_06_23.

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PREPRINT. “Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the term of the same relativistic effect observed for receding light sources (e.g.relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts). “Doppler boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment of Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) =L/Lo=(Z+1)^(α-3) and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z)=L/Lo=(Z+1)^(-2). “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.
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Dahabreh, Issa, and Sarah Robertson. Statistical Methods to Measure Treatment Effect Using Observational Data Versus Randomized Trials. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/06.2020.me.130603758.

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Field, Clive. Observation of the Askaryan Effect: Coherent Microwave Cherenkov Emission From Charge Asymmetry in High-Energy Particle Cascades. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784853.

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