Dissertations / Theses: 'Observation effort'

1

Chomier, Catherine. "L'hyperthermie maligne d'effort : à propos d'une observation." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6208.

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2

Reese, Caitlin S. "The Effects of Third Party Observation on Credible and Non-credible Cognitive Performance: A Simulation Study." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1320932313.

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3

Brown, Daniel Sundquist. "Toward Scalable Human Interaction with Bio-Inspired Robot Teams." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3776.

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Bio-inspired swarming behaviors provide an effective decentralized way of coordinating robot teams. However, as robot swarms increase in size, bandwidth and time constraints limit the number of agents a human can communicate with and control. To facilitate scalable human interaction with large robot swarms it is desirable to monitor and influence the collective behavior of the entire swarm through limited interactions with a small subset of agents. However, it is also desirable to avoid situations where a small number of agent failures can adversely affect the collective behavior of the swarm. We present a bio-inspired model of swarming that exhibits distinct collective behaviors and affords limited human interaction to estimate and influence these collective behaviors. Using a simple naive Bayes classifier, we show that the global behavior of a swarm can be detected with high accuracy by sampling local information from a small number of agents. We also show that adding a bio-inspired form of quorum sensing to a swarm increases the scalability of human-swarm interactions and also provides an adjustable threshold on the swarm's vulnerability to agent failures.

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4

Mennecart, Marc. "Hyperthermie d'effort : a propos de 8 observations." Reims, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REIMM052.

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5

Quaas, Johannes, Antti Arola, Brian Cairns, Matthew Christensen, Hartwig Deneke, Annica M. L. Ekman, Graham Feingold, et al. "Constraining the Twomey effect from satellite observations: issues and perspectives." Copernicus Publications, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74864.

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The Twomey effect describes the radiative forcing associated with a change in cloud albedo due to an increase in anthropogenic aerosol emissions. It is driven by the perturbation in cloud droplet number concentration (1Nd; ant) in liquid-water clouds and is currently understood to exert a cooling effect on climate. The Twomey effect is the key driver in the effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions, but rapid adjustments also contribute. These adjustments are essentially the responses of cloud fraction and liquid water path to 1Nd; ant and thus scale approximately with it. While the fundamental physics of the influence of added aerosol particles on the droplet concentration (Nd) is well described by established theory at the particle scale (micrometres), how this relationship is expressed at the large-scale (hundreds of kilometres) perturbation, 1Nd; ant, remains uncertain. The discrepancy between process understanding at particle scale and insufficient quantification at the climate-relevant large scale is caused by co-variability of aerosol particles and updraught velocity and by droplet sink processes. These operate at scales on the order of tens of metres at which only localised observations are available and at which no approach yet exists to quantify the anthropogenic perturbation. Different atmospheric models suggest diverse magnitudes of the Twomey effect even when applying the same anthropogenic aerosol emission perturbation. Thus, observational data are needed to quantify and constrain the Twomey effect. At the global scale, this means satellite data. There are four key uncertainties in determining 1Nd; ant, namely the quantification of (i) the cloud-active aerosol – the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at or above cloud base, (ii) Nd, (iii) the statistical approach for inferring the sensitivity of Nd to aerosol particles from the satellite data and (iv) uncertainty in the anthropogenic perturbation to CCN concentrations, which is not easily accessible from observational data. This review discusses deficiencies of current approaches for the different aspects of the problem and proposes several ways forward: in terms of CCN, retrievals of optical quantities such as aerosol optical depth suffer from a lack of vertical resolution, size and hygroscopicity information, non-direct relation to the concentration of aerosols, difficulty to quantify it within or below clouds, and the problem of insufficient sensitivity at low concentrations, in addition to retrieval errors. A future path forward can include utilising co-located polarimeter and lidar instruments, ideally including high-spectral-resolution lidar capability at two wavelengths to maximise vertically resolved size distribution information content. In terms of Nd, a key problem is the lack of operational retrievals of this quantity and the inaccuracy of the retrieval especially in broken-cloud regimes. As for the Nd-to-CCN sensitivity, key issues are the updraught distributions and the role of Nd sink processes, for which empirical assessments for specific cloud regimes are currently the best solutions. These considerations point to the conclusion that past studies using existing approaches have likely underestimated the true sensitivity and, thus, the radiative forcing due to the Twomey effect.

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Read, Matthew James. "The effect of wide-orbit planets on inner planetary systems and debris." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277016.

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Planetary systems around other stars have been observed to be far more diverse than what would be expected from the example of the Solar System. Exoplanets have been detected with a wide range of sizes and separations from the host star, with a range of orbital properties including large eccentricities and small inter-planet mutual inclinations. How representative these planetary systems are, however, is unclear due to detection techniques being more sensitive to planets on close orbits around the host star. It is possible therefore that a population of wide-orbit planets could be present in these systems and be evading detection. These planets may play a significant role in forming and shaping planetary systems, resulting in the architecture that is observed today. Currently, one of the major ways of inferring the presence of wide-orbit planets, besides directly detecting them, is to consider the dynamical impact they would have on known planets. In the first part of this thesis I consider how the eccentricities of known planets are affected due to long term dynamical interactions with a wide-orbit planet. I show that the eccentricity of a known planet in a system can periodically be significantly increased due to these interactions, provided that there are a total of two planets in the system. For systems with multiple known planets I show that the inner planets can protect each other against long term eccentricity perturbations from a wide-orbit planet. Following on from this investigation, I show how the inclinations of planets are affected due to long term interactions with a wide-orbit planet. Specifically, I consider how this interaction affects the probability that planetary systems are observed to transit. I find that the presence of wide-orbit planets in transiting planetary systems can help explain the so-called `Kepler-Dichotomy' which describes the apparent excess of observed single transiting systems compared with multi-planet transiting systems. Wide-orbit planets do not just dynamically interact with other planets in a system but also with small debris type bodies, akin to the Asteroid and Kuiper belts in the Solar System. In the second half of this thesis, I consider the planetary system HR8799 which is known to host four planets and two populations of debris which lie both internally and externally to the known planets. I find, through suites of N-body simulations, that a hypothetical planet in HR8799 sculpts an outer debris population that agrees more strongly with observations, compared with what would be expected by considering the known planets in isolation. Finally, for the last part of this thesis, I describe a survey that is looking to observe wide-orbit planets in close-by planetary systems directly. The observations and analysis for this survey is currently on-going, however I show preliminary results including systems with and without potential companion detections.

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7

BONIN, ANNE. "Interet de l'oxymetrie d'effort chez le mineur de charbon pneumoconiotique : etude a partir de 63 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M200.

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LAHLOU, CHAKIB. "Fibrose pulmonaire a la lomustine : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M331.

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9

Herlem, Pascal. "Validation du nippon colin stbp 680 lors de l'epreuve d'effort : a propos de 30 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M361.

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MAZEREEUW, FRANCOIS. "Les lithiases urinaires induites par l'acetazolamide : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M163.

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Diab, Fadi. "Cure chirurgicale d'incontinence urinaire d'effort avec cystocèle majeure : à propos de 116 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23109.

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12

Glindemann, Kent E. "Assessing levels of intoxication through behavioral observation." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06082009-171125/.

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Lillianfeld, Robert Brian. "Experimental Observation of Geometric Phases in Narrow-Gap Semiconductor Heterostructures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26889.

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We have studied the electron quantum phase by fabricating low dimensional (d â ¤ 2) mesoscopic interferometers in high-quality narrow-gap semiconductor (NGS) heterostructures. The low effective-mass electrons in NGS heterostructures enable observation of delicate quantum phases; and the strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in the systems gives us means by which we can manipulate the quantum-mechanical spin of these electrons through the orbital properties of the electrons. This enables the observation of spin-dependent phenomena otherwise inaccessible in non-magnetic systems. We have performed low temperature (0.4 K â ¤ T â ¤ 8 K), low noise (â V ~ 1Î¼V ) transport measurements, and observed evidence of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) and Alâ tshuler-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) quantum oscillations in meso- scopic devices that we fabricated on these NGSs. Our measurements are unique in that we observe both AB and AAS in comparable magnitude in ballistic networks with strong SOI. We show that, with appropriate considerations, diffusive formalisms can be used to describe ballistic transport through rings, even in the presence of SOI. This work also contains an introduction to the physics of geometric phases in mesoscopic systems, and the experimental and analytic processes through which these phases are probed. A discussion of the results of our measurements presents the case that quantum interferometric measurements of geometric phases can be understood quite thoroughly, and that these measurements may have deeper utility in discovery than has yet been recognized.
Ph. D.

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14

Halldestam, Markus. "ANOVA - The Effect of Outliers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295864.

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This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the effect of outliers on the one-way analysis of variance and examines whether the estimate in ANOVA is robust and whether the actual test itself is robust from influence of extreme outliers. The robustness of the estimates is examined using the breakdown point while the robustness of the test is examined by simulating the hypothesis test under some extreme situations. This study finds evidence that the estimates in ANOVA are sensitive to outliers, i.e. that the procedure is not robust. Samples with a larger portion of extreme outliers have a higher type-I error probability than the expected level.

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15

Berry, Katharine F. "The effect of missing data in the analysis of a bariatric surgery program /." Connect to online version, 2007. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2007/247.pdf.

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16

Grentzinger, Alain. "Suivi a long terme de coronariens a stenose monotronculaire sans infarctus : controle par examens isotopiques d'effort ; a propos de 40 observations." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN1A009.

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17

DEHOUX, CLAUDE. "Agranulocytoses a la ticlopidine : a propos de 3 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M136.

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18

Lena, Hervé. "Les complications respiratoires du bcnu : a propos d'une observation." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M072.

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19

SOULE, FRANCOIS. "Traitement de l'incontinence urinaire d'effort, associee au prolapsus genital, par fronde synthetique : resultats preliminaires ; a propos de 33 observations." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M210.

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20

Jones, Michael Edward. "Aperture synthesis observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357766.

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21

Doniki, Stamatia. "Longwave radiative effect of ozone from IASI observations." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/291790/4/Contents.pdf.

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(English)Ozone is one of the most important greenhouse gases in terms of radiative forcing, as aresult of increasing in its precursor emissions since pre-industrial times. Until recently,the ozone radiative forcing calculations were entirely model based, exhibiting high uncertaintiesand a large spread in model values, as shown in the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change, Assessment Report 5. Satellite sounders operating in the infrarednow offer the possibility to infer directly the longwave radiative effect (LWRE) of ozone.The hyperspectral measurements allow to retrieve a vertical profile of ozone, and also thevertical distribution of the LWRE, apart from its column integrated value. The separationbetween troposphere and stratosphere allows to better constrain model estimates ofozone radiative forcing, but also support the predictions for its future evolution.In this thesis, a new method for calculating the ozone LWRE is presented, by exploitingthe measurements of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on board theMetop satellites. The method is based on the calculation of the Instantaneous RadiativeKernel (IRK), which implies the angular integration of the radiance (inthe 9.6 μm band) at the top of the atmosphere using a Gaussian Quadrature. This quantityis transformed into a radiative flux density (the LWRE) by multiplicationwith the ozone profile retrieved by FORLI, for each atmospheric scene. The LWRE calculationmethod is applied to IASI non-cloudy scenes, for day and night, for the periodof 01/10/2007 to 31/12/2016. The results are analyzed separately for the total column ofozone, and for its tropospheric and stratospheric components; they are compared to estimationsdetermined independently from the TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer)measurements on-board Aura, and from three state-of the-art chemistry-climate models.The discussion of the results is focused then on the spatial and temporal variability ofthe LWRE in the troposphere and stratosphere, as well as the on the trends over 9 yearsof measurements.(French)L’ozone est actuellement l’un des gaz à effet de serre les plus importants en terme de forçage radiatif ;sa contribution est liée à l’augmentation des émissions de ses précurseurs depuis l’époque préindustrielle. Jusqu’à récemment, le calcul du forçage radiatif de l’ozone était entièrement basé sur des modèles et était sujet à de grandes incertitudes, qui se révèlent notamment par la large gamme des valeurs calculées et intégrées dans le Cinquième Rapport d’Évaluation du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (GIEC). Les sondeurs embarqués sur des satellites et travaillant dans le domaine de l’infrarouge thermique donnent aujourd’hui la possibilité de directement mesurer l’effet radiatif de l’ozone au niveau de la radiation infrarouge sortante. La possibilité qu’offrent les mesures hyperspectrales pour restituer un profil vertical d’ozone permet par ailleurs de fournir la distribution verticale du forçage radiatif, au-delà se valeur intégrée sur la colonne atmosphérique. La séparation entre la troposphère et la stratosphère est importante en particulier pour contraindre les estimations des modèles mais aussi pour prédire l’évolution future du forçage radiatif. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une méthode de calcul de l’effet radiatif de l’ozone qui exploite les mesures de l’Interféromètre Atmosphérique de Sondage dans l’Infrarouge (IASI) à bord des satellites Metop en orbite polaire. La méthode se base sur le calcul, pour chaque mesure de IASI, d’une grandeur appelée Instantaneous Radiative Kernel (IRK), impliquant l’intégration angulaire de la radiance (dans la bande d’absorption d’ozone centrée à 9.6µm) au sommet de l’atmosphère via une quadrature de Gauss. Cette quantité est transformée en une densité de flux radiatif (appelée Longwave Radiative Effect, LWRE) par multiplication par le profil d’ozone restitué par le logiciel FORLI, pour la scène atmosphérique en question. La méthode du calcul du LWRE est appliquée aux scènes non nuageuses de IASI, de jour comme de nuit, pour la période du 01/10/2007 au 31/12/2016. Les résultats sont analysés séparément pour la colonne totale d’ozone mais également pour ses composantes troposphériques et stratosphériques ;ils sont comparés aux estimations déterminées de façon indépendantes des mesures de l’instrument TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer) sur AURA. La discussion de nos résultats se focalise ensuite sur la variabilité spatiale et temporelle du LWRE dans la troposphère et la stratosphère ;des résultats préliminaires concernant les tendances sur les 9 années de mesures sont fournis. Le manuscrit est structuré en différentes parties. Après une série de chapitres introductifs décrivant les bases nécessaires à ce travail, nous présentons l’instrument IASI et l’algorithme FORLI dédié à la restitution des concentrations d’ozone. La méthode de calcul du LWRE, au centre de notre travail de recherche, est décrite avec ses fondements mathématiques dans un chapitre dédié. Les distributions spatiales et verticales du LWRE, ainsi que son évolution temporelle sur 9 ans, d’une part pour l’effet radiatif de l’ozone total et d’autre part pour sa contribution troposphérique/stratosphérique sont discutées dans les derniers chapitres, qui incluent également une brève comparaison des estimations du LWRE par trois modèles de chimie-climat différents.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Zhang, Yuhong. "OBSERVATION OF EIT IN RUBIDIUM VAPOR USING THE HANLE EFFECT." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1186165356.

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23

Abbadie, de Nodrest Patricia d'. "Pseudo-lymphomes ganglionnaires sous Dihydan chez l'enfant : à propos d'une observation." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23066.

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24

Vaillant, De Guélis Thibault. "Apport des observations par lidar spatial pour comprendre l'effet radiatif des nuages dans l'infrarouge." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066580/document.

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Parce que les processus nuageux sont des processus complexes qui opèrent à des échelles spatiales très différentes, l'évolution de l'effet radiatif des nuages (CRE) dans un climat qui se réchauffe est incertaine. Afin de mieux comprendre l'évolution du CRE, il est utile de l'exprimer en fonction de propriétés nuageuses fondamentales et observables. Dans l'infrarouge (LW), l'altitude des nuages est une des propriétés fondamentales, ainsi que leur couverture et leur opacité. Les observations collectées par le lidar spatial CALIOP durant la dernière décennie nous ont permis d'exprimer le CRE LW en fonction de cinq propriétés nuageuses. Nous montrons que le CRE LW dépend linéairement de l'altitude des nuages. Cette linéarité permet de décomposer les variations du CRE LW en contributions dues aux cinq propriétés nuageuses. On observe ainsi que la couverture des nuages opaques a piloté les variations du CRE LW durant la dernière décennie. L'analyse de simulations climatiques suivant la même approche à l'aide d'un simulateur lidar montre que les variations du CRE LW dans le climat actuel sont pilotées par l'altitude des nuages opaques, en désaccord avec les observations. Lorsqu'on étend cette analyse aux rétroactions nuageuses LW simulées dans un climat futur, on remarque que celles-ci sont également pilotées par l'altitude des nuages opaques. Ces résultats suggèrent que les observations par lidar spatial apportent une forte contrainte observationnelle sur les rétroactions nuageuses LW, qui sont l'une des principales sources d'incertitude dans les prévisions d'évolution de la température moyenne globale dues aux activités humaines
Because cloud processes are complex processes which operate at very different spatial scales, the evolution of the cloud radiative effect (CRE) in a warming climate is uncertain. To improve our understanding of the evolution of the CRE, it is useful to express it as a function of fundamental and observable cloud properties. In the infrared (LW), the altitude of clouds is one of the fundamental properties, together with their cover and opacity. The observations collected by the space-lidar CALIOP during the last decade allowed us to express the LW CRE using five cloud properties. We show that the LW CRE depends linearly on the cloud altitude. This linearity allows to decompose the variations of the LW CRE into contributions due to the five cloud properties. We observe that the cover of the opaque clouds drove the variations of the LW CRE during the last decade. The analysis of climate simulations performing the same approach by means of a lidar simulator shows that the variations of the LW CRE in the current climate are driven by the opaque cloud altitude, in disagreement with the observations. When we extend this analysis to the LW cloud feedback simulated in a future climate, we notice that they are also driven by the opaque cloud altitude. These results suggest that the space-lidar observations bring a strong observational constraint on the LW cloud feedbacks, which are one of the main sources of uncertainty in predicting future global average temperature evolution due to human activities

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25

Tison, Eric. "Dysthyroidies sous amiodarone : observations recueillies a partir de 250 dossiers." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M307.

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DELGADO, GILLES. "Une observation a propos d'un cas de rhabdomyolyse au cours d'un traitement par simvastatine." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20215.

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RAVOUX, BUSSIERE MARIE-ANGELIQUE. "Pneumopathie au methotrexate : a propos de 4 observations en cancerologie adulte." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13067.

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DARS, BERGEON ISABELLE. "Effets systemiques des betabloquants en collyre : a propos de dix observations." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6557.

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MENIVAL, LENAS CHARLOTTE. "Disulfirame et effet antabuse : a propos de trois observations avec troubles hemodynamiques." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT064M.

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Taylor, Jeremy Francis. "The effect of foregrounds on observations of CMB polarization." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611824.

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STRABONI, DANIELE. "Complications neuropsychiatriques de la mefloquine : a propos de 45 observations." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M162.

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THIEFFRY, LUDOVIC. "Lithium, hypercalcemie et adenome parathyroidien : a propos d'une observation ; revue de la litterature." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M302.

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Sabri, Shadi Saleem. "Observation of electrochemically induced conductance modulation in graphene field effect transistors." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66685.

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Motivated by the interest in graphene as a chemical sensor, this thesis presents an analysis of how the conductance of a fabricated graphene field effect transistor can be modulated by the presence of water vapour and oxygen in the substrate of the device. The fabrication process of a graphene field effect transistor consists of optically locating a graphene monolayer on an oxidized silicon substrate, and contacting it with metal electrodes using electron-beam lithography. The conductance of graphene FETs at ambient conditions, vacuum, and exposed to different gases, is measured to investigate the connection between conductance modulation and the electrochemistry taking place in the substrate of the device and on the surface of the graphene flake. This study supports the possibility of using graphene FETs as chemical sensors since a relationship between added adsorbates and the symmetry of the Dirac like conductance can be drawn. Keywords: Graphene, graphene band structure, graphene FETs, graphene nanofabrication, conductance modulation, graphene sensors, electrochemistry.
L'intérêt porté au graphene en tant que senseur chimique a motivé cette thèse qui présente une analyse de l'influence de la vapeur d'eau et d'oxygène sur un transistor à effet de champ (FET) à base de graphene. La première étape de fabrication du transistor à effet de champ fait de graphene est de localiser optiquement des mono couches de graphene sur un substrat de Silicium oxidé. Ensuite, nous devons contacter électriquement cet échantillon en faisant usage de la lithographie par faisceau d'électrons. La conductance de FET à base de graphene dans des conditions ambiantes, sous vide et exposé à différents gaz est mesurée afin d'évaluer la connection entre les modulations de la conductance et l'électrochimie qui a lieu sur le substrat et à la surface du graphene. Cette thèse démontre la possibilité d'utiliser des FETs de graphene comme senseurs chimiques étant donné qu'une relation entre les espèces adsorbées et la symétrie de la conductance peut être trouvée. Mots-Clés: Graphene, Structure de bande du Graphene, transistor à effet de champ de graphene, nano-fabrication de graphene, modulation de la conductance, senseur à base de graphene, électrochimie.

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CACHERA, MOLINIER ISABELLE, and PHILIPPE CACHERA. "Syndrome eosinophilie-myalgies induit par la prise de l. Tryptophane : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M339.

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PETIT, EMMANUEL. "Hypertension arterielle pulmonaire primitive et dexfenfluramine : a propos de 4 observations." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M328.

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VALENTIN, ROBIN STEPHANIE. "Pseudomalakoplakie rectale induite par photocoagulation au laser : a propos de deux observations." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1069.

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37

Kennedy, James 1983. "The APEX-SZ experiment : observations of the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116109.

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The Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (SZE) is a secondary distortion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum produced by galaxy clusters that allows for measurements of intra-cluster gas properties. Current experiments are using large arrays of multiplexed transition-edge sensor bolometers to achieve the sensitivities required for SZE cluster surveys and targeted cluster SZE observations. This thesis describes the APEX-SZ experiment, the first instrument to produce scientific results from observations with such an array. The scientific motivation for the APEX-SZ experiment is discussed, followed by a description of the APEX-SZ experiment and frequency domain multiplexing technologies. We have developed a custom data reduction pipeline for the experiment which uses a variety of filters, both in the temporal and spatial domain to produce 1' resolution maps of the SZE at 150GHz. The results of data analysis for the Bullet cluster (lE0657-56) and Abell 2204 (A2204) are presented. Both clusters are assumed to be isothermal and in hydrostatic equilibrium, allowing a fit to an isothermal beta-model and subsequent mass fraction estimates. The maximum likelihood parameters and constant likelihood 68% confidence intervals are estimated using a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo method to sample the beta-model parameter space. We measure cluster gas mass fractions with r 2500 to be 0.140 +/- 0.035 and 0.058 +/- 0.035 for the Bullet cluster and A2204 respectively. The Bullet gas mass fraction is consistent with previous results from X-ray analysis. The gas mass fraction for A2204 does not agree well with other A2204 observations, however the large scatter in the gas mass fractions determined from previous X-ray and SZE analyses indicates that a more complex density model may be appropriate for this cluster.

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Dürr, Bruno. "The greenhouse effect in the alps - by models and observations /." [Zürich], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15668.

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39

Dima, Fani. "The nature of social enterprise in Greece : the effect of the social enterprise trend on non-profits in Greece in a shrinking economy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-nature-of-social-enterprise-in-greecethe-effect-of-the-social-enterprise-trend-on-nonprofits-in-greece-in-a-shrinkingeconomy(2adb3891-bfde-40d3-8f24-5991920187c5).html.

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This thesis explores the notion of social enterprise in Greece. In particular it investigates how non-profits incorporate social enterprise in an environment facing a severe financial and social crisis. The study is done through a participatory and reflective research approach that allows the emergence of enriched results. The review of the existing literature in this area revealed that despite the lack of a universal definition, the concept of social enterprise has generally been viewed positively and has raised the expectations for social and economic transformation. Policy makers expect social enterprises to become a lever out of the crisis of reducing state funding and contribute to financial and social change. Until recently, the common assumption was that social enterprises emerge bottom-up and constitute the most ethical option of social welfare services provision after the failure of the state and the markets to provide for society. Hence, non-profits were encouraged to adopt entrepreneurial techniques to support their social purpose as a way out of the financial problems they are facing. The great interest on the effect of 'social enterprise' on the traditional non-profit sector comes from the peculiarity of the Greek case with the top-down enforcement of the concept coupled with a history of corruption in civil society. Even though researchers following a more critical stance towards social enterprises challenge the underlying assumptions of this new concept and raise awareness about its negative impacts, in Greece the 'social economy' and 'social enterprise' concepts are used as 'silver bullets' by policy makers. Wishing to follow this critical tradition, I proceeded with an in-depth case study drawing upon participant observation and reflective methods. In locating my research in an active non-profit organisation in Athens, I intended that my findings could be extended to similar organisations. This thesis found that in Greece, the top-down implementation of the concept allowed non-profits to incidentally adopt this rhetoric in order to ensure their long-term survival and then in turn influence the way society makes sense of social enterprises. The institutional environment further hinders the growth of the sector as it directs the social enterprises and non-profits towards public procurement making and any other alternative seems impossible. Lastly, based on the above findings, I conclude that social economy despite its infancy faces the risk of corruption. Hence, I suggest that policy makers' support, rather than guide, social enterprises to allow them to achieve their full potential. Future research and practice need to focus on raising awareness for the social economy and assessing social impact as a way to improve transparency and gain the trust of society.

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40

Bonjean, Victor. "La matière dans les plus grandes structures de l’Univers : des galaxies aux filaments, observations et analyse de données." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEO010.

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L'étude de l'évolution et de la composition des grandes structures de l'Univers, comme les amas de galaxies et les filaments cosmiques, est l'un des sujets de recherche les plus actifs en cosmologie. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai analysé des relevés publiques multi-longueurs d'onde (SDSS, WISE, Planck), en utilisant des techniques d'analyse de données nouvelles comme l'apprentissage automatique ou les méthodes bayésiennes. Le but de mon travail était d'étudier la matière baryonique (gaz ionisé et chaud et galaxies) dans le milieu intra-amas, et dans la toile cosmique (ponts de matière et filaments cosmiques).Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai notamment développé un algorithme basé sur l'intelligence artificielle afin d'estimer les propriétés des galaxies, telles que le taux de formation des étoiles (SFR) et la masse stellaire dans la plage de redshift 0,050,5 ont été observés avec VLT/FORS2. L'analyse des ~3000 spectres obtenus est en cours et avec les données actuelles, nous confirmerons spectroscopiquement environ 10 amas avec près de 10 galaxies membres par amas.La quantité de gaz ionisé et chaud de la toile cosmique pourrait représenter environ 40% des baryons à bas redshift. Il est donc important d'utiliser des traceurs d'observation optimisés pour le gaz. Dans ce but, j'ai développé un algorithme d'apprentissage profond utilisant tout le potentiel des données Planck pour détecter l'effet SZ des amas de galaxies et du gaz chaud ionisé. J'ai entraîné un réseau neuronal convolutionnel sur les cartes de fréquence de Planck à reconnaître les amas sélectionnés en SZ, rayons X et optique. Avec ce modèle, j'ai généré une carte du ciel de SZ à faible bruit, dans laquelle j'ai détecté environ 10 fois plus de candidats que le premier catalogue Planck des sources SZ. J'ai montré que l'apprentissage profond semble être une approche prometteuse pour améliorer la carte SZ et pour détecter le gaz à faible pression dans la toile cosmique
Studying the evolution and the composition of the largest stuctures of the Universe, e.g., galaxy clusters and cosmic filaments, is one of the most challenging research topic in cosmology. During my phD thesis, I have analysed publicly available multi-wavelength surveys (namely SDSS, WISE, Planck), using new techniques in data analysis such as machine learning or Bayesian methods. The purpose of my work was to study the baryonic matter (hot gas and galaxies) in the intra-cluster medium, and in the cosmic web (bridges of matter between clusters of galaxies and cosmic filaments).During my thesis, I have developed an algorithm based on machine learning in order to estimate galaxy properties, such as star formation rate and stellar mass in the redshift range 0.050.5 were observed with VLT/FORS2. The analysis of the ~3000 obtained spectra is still ongoing and with the actual data, we expect the spectroscopic confirmation of about 10 galaxy clusters with about 10 members per clusters.The gas content of the cosmic web may account for about 40% of the baryons. Therefore, it is important to use optimised observational tracers of the gas. In this purpose, I have developed a deep learning algorithm using the full potential of the Planck data to detect the SZ effect tracing galaxy clusters and hot ionised gas. I have trained a convolutional neural network on the Planck frequency maps to recognize clusters selected in tSZ, X-rays, and optical. With this trained model I have generated a full-sky map of low noise SZ signal, in which I have detected about 10 times more candidates than the first Planck catalogue of SZ sources. I have shown that deep learning seems a promising approach to improve the y-map and detect smaller pressure halos and diffuse gas in the cosmic web

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41

Winiszewski, Anne-Marie. "Diabète insipide néphrogénique induit par le lithium : à propos de deux observations." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M021.

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42

Chiriaco, Marjolaine. "Les cirrus : observation par télédétection et modélisation à méso-échelle." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066576.

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43

MANNOCCI, NATHALIE. "Pseudo-dermatomyosite a l'hydroxyuree : a propos de deux observations ; revue de la litterature." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6571.

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44

LONG, PIERRE-OLIVIER. "Ossifications induites par les retinoides (isotretinoine : roaccutane, etretinate, tigason) : a propos de 4 observations." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M139.

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45

AUGEIX, REIX ISABELLE. "Effets indesirables induits par les medicaments chez les personnes agees : etude de quelques observations." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0125.

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46

DEFIVES, ARNAUD, and Jean-Marc Pauwels. "Lithiases urinaires et insuffisance renale chronique induites par le piridoxilate : a propos d'une observation." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M228.

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47

Marsden, Antonia. "Causal modelling in stratified and personalised health : developing methodology for analysis of primary care databases in stratified medicine." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/causal-modelling-in-stratified-and-personalised-health-developing-methodology-for-analysis-of-primary-care-databases-in-stratified-medicine(99ffb1e0-aed8-4185-b939-d29e12873dd0).html.

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Personalised medicine describes the practice of tailoring medical care to the individual characteristics of each patient. Fundamental to this practice is the identification of markers associated with differential treatment response. Such markers can be identified through the assessment of treatment effect modification using statistical methods. Randomised controlled trials provide the optimal setting for evaluating differential response to treatment. Due to restrictions regarding sample size, study length and ethics, observational studies are more appropriate in many circumstances, particularly for the identification of markers associated with adverse side-effects and long term response to treatments. However, the analysis of observational data raises some additional challenges. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop statistical methodology for the analysis of observational data, specifically primary care databases, to identify and evaluate markers associated with differential treatment response. Three aspects of the assessment of treatment effect modification in an observational setting were addressed. The first aspect related to the assessment of treatment effect modification on the additive measurement scale which corresponds to a comparison of absolute treatment effects across patient subgroups. Various ways in which this can be assessed in an observational setting were reviewed and a novel measure, the ratio of absolute effects, which can be calculated from certain multiplicative regression models, was proposed. The second aspect regarded the confounding adjustment and it was investigated how the presence of interactions between the moderator and confounders on both treatment receipt and outcome can bias estimates of treatment effect modification if unaccounted for using Monte Carlo simulations. It was determined that the presence of bias differed across different confounding adjustment methods and, in the majority of settings, the bias was reduced when the interactions between the moderator and confounders were accounted for in the confounding adjustment model. Thirdly, it has been proposed that patient data in observational studies be organised into and analysed as series of nested nonrandomised trials. This thesis extended this study design to evaluate predictive markers of differential treatment response and explored the benefits of this methodology for this purpose. It was suggested how absolute treatment effect estimates can be estimated and compared across patient subgroups in this setting. A dataset comprising primary care medical records of adults with rheumatoid arthritis was used throughout this thesis. Interest lay in the identification of characteristics predictive of the onset of type II diabetes associated with steroid (glucocorticoid) therapy. The analysis in this thesis suggested older age may be associated with a higher risk of steroid-associated type II diabetes, but this warrants further investigation. Overall, this thesis demonstrates how observational studies can be analysed such that accurate and meaningful conclusions are made within personalised medicine research.

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48

Boyer-Philibert, Anne. "Agranulocytose au carbimazole (Néomercazole) : à propos de deux observations cliniques." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25039.

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49

Karlsson, Laban, and Marcus Åström. "Bilateral muskelaktivering och effektutveckling : En observation av bilateral rörelse med armergometer." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28152.

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Syfte Syftet med studien var att observera bilateral effektutveckling, samt muskelaktivering i de övre extremiteterna. En bilateral övning observerades för att se om skillnader i muskelaktivering och effektutveckling fanns i dominant respektive icke dominant övre extremitet, samt diskutera dess implikationer. Metod Nio tränade deltagare fick utföra armcykling på en armergometer som modifierats så att rörelsen blev bilateral. Armcyklingen pågick i cirka åtta minuter med fyra belastningsnivåer (30W, 60W, 90W, 120W) där 50 RPM eftersträvades. Vid varje belastningsnivå registrerades effektutveckling och EMG under 30 sekunder. Medelvärdet av effektutvecklingen i dominant och icke dominant sida jämfördes med ett tvåvägs oberoende ANOVA. Resultat Vid effektutvecklingen hos dominant och icke dominant sida av kroppen fanns en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan dominant och icke dominant sida F (3, 64) = 4.13, p = .046; med en medelstor effektstorlek (partial eta squared = .061) p-värdet sattes till .05. Icke dominant sida utförde mest arbete. Bakre deltoideus aktiverades generellt sett lika mycket i dominant och icke dominant sida, dock var icke dominant sida mer aktiv. De dominanta fingerflexorerna hade en större aktivering kontra de icke dominanta. Slutsatser Studien fann signifikant skillnad i effektutveckling av dominant och icke dominant sida av de övre extremiteterna där icke dominant sida gjorde ett större arbete. Muskel EMG visade stora individuella skillnader hos deltagarna.
Objectives The objective of the study was to observe bilateral power production and muscle activation in the upper extremities. A bilateral exercise was observed to see if differences in muscle activation and power production was present in dominant and non-dominant extremities, and furthermore discuss the implications. Method Nine trained participants performed arm cycling on a modified arm ergometer so the movement became bilateral. During eight minutes of cycling with four levels of intensity (30W, 60W, 90W, 120W) where 50 RPM was strived for. 30 seconds of power production and EMG data were recorded for each intensity. A two-way independent ANOVA was conducted on the mean values of power production of the dominant and the non-dominant side. Results There was a significant difference in the dominant and non-dominant side F (3, 64) = 4.13, p = .046; with a medium effect size (partial eta squared = .0.61) p value set to .05. The nondominant side did the majority of the work. The posterior deltoids had a similar muscle activation, however the non-dominant activated more. The dominant finger flexors activated more than the non-dominant with large individual differences within the sample group. Conclusions This study found significant differences in power production in the dominant and the nondominant side of the upper extremities. The non-dominant side had a greater power production. The EMG-data showed great individual differences within muscle activation.

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GARDELLE, FRANCOIS. "Cardiomyopathie aux anthracyclines et transplantations cardiaques : a propos de 2 observations pediatriques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1M025.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Observation effort'

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