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André, Philippe. "Emission radio des etoiles pre-sequence principale du nuage rho ophiuchi : observations et interpretations." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066240.
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L'observation radiointerferometrique du nuage moleculaire rho ophiuchi a permis de detecter une dizaine de sources stellaires emettant dans le domaine radio parmi la centaine d'etoiles jeunes de ce nuage. La nature de cette emission est magnetique et produite par effet gyrosynchrotron. Des eruptions magnetiques importantes provoquent la polarisation circulaire de l'emission de l'un des objets detectes et la variabilite de l'emission de deux autres etoiles. Plus generalement, ces observations semblent selectionner une population specifique d'etoiles tres jeunes, en presence d'un champ magnetique etendu et en l'absence d'environnement circumstellaire dense
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Dyba, Tadeusz. "Precision of cancer incidence predictions based on poisson distributed observations." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/tilas/vk/dyba/.
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Karlsson, Roland. "18-cm VLA observations of OH towards the Galactic Centre." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för astronomi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-122682.
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Flagg, Hammargren Karin, and Helena Stålberg. "Att organisera förskolan. : En kvalitativ undersökning om yttre och inre faktorer som påverkar pedagogers val i den pedagogiska verksamheten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175478.
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Sammanfattning Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på hur yttre och inre faktorer påverkar pedagogens arbete och hur det styrs från huvudmannen ner till förskolan samt hur dessa ramar ger både möjligheter och hinder i den pedagogiska verksamheten. Vi har använt oss av två kvalitativa metoder, intervju och observation, för att få både en uppfattning om hur faktorerna upplevs och hur det faktiskt påverkar pedagogernas val. En fenomenografisk forskningsansats har använts där föresatsen var att få se hur pedagogerna uppfattar sin omgivande miljö. Vi har utfört 9 intervjuer fördelade på tre förskolechefer, tre förskollärare och tre barnskötare. 22 mindre observationer på två förskolor har även utförts. All datainsamling är gjord i samma kommun. Resultatet påvisar att det finns faktorer som påverkar pedagogers val men att det är upp till varje förskola om det blir en förutsättning eller ett hinder. Det skiljer sig mellan förskolor hur de organiserar sig efter organisation, ekonomi, tid, miljö och barngrupp.Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out how external and internal factors affect the preschool teachers' work and how it is controlled from the principal down to the nursery and how these frames provide both opportunities and obstacles in the educational activities. We have used two qualitative methods, interviews and observation to provide both a sense of how factors are perceived and how it actually affects the preschool teachers' choice. It has used a phenomenographic research approach where the intention was to see how preschool teachers perceive their surrounding environment. We conducted 9 interviews divided with three preschool directors, three preschool teachers and three nannies. It has also been performed 22 minor observations on two preschools. All data collection is made in the same municipality. The result demonstrates that there are factors that affect preschool teachers' choices, but it is up to each preschool if it becomes a condition or an obstruction. It differs from preschools how to organize after the organization, finances, time, environment, and how they divide the children into group.
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Johnson, Cynthia L. "A contextual approach to learning collaborative behavior via observation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4943.
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This dissertation describes a novel technique to creating a simulated team of agents through observation. Simulated human teamwork can be used for a number of purposes, such as expert examples, automated teammates for training purposes and realistic opponents in games and training simulation. Current teamwork simulations require the team member behaviors be programmed into the simulation, often requiring a great deal of time and effort. None are able to observe a team at work and replicate the teamwork behaviors. Machine learning techniques for learning by observation and learning by demonstration have proven successful at observing behavior of humans or other software agents and creating a behavior function for a single agent. The research described here combines current research in teamwork simulations and learning by observation to effectively train a multi-agent system in effective team behavior. The dissertation describes the background and work by others as well as a detailed description of the learning method. A prototype built to evaluate the developed approach as well as the extensive experimentation conducted is also described.ID: 029809360; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-314).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
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Zhou, Yan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Direct observation of Rydberg-Rydberg transitions via CPmmW spectroscopy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93038.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 295-307).
Rydberg-Rydberg transitions of BaF molecules have been directly observed in our lab. The key to the experimental success is our ability to combine two powerful and new technologies, Chirped-Pulse millimeter-Wave spectroscopy (CPmmW) and a buffer gas cooled molecular beam source. CPmmW spectroscopy is a form of broadband (20 GHz bandwidth), high-resolution (50 kHz), free induction decay-detected (FID) spectroscopy with accurate relative intensities (10%), which is successfully applied to record Rydberg-Rydberg spectra of Calcium and Barium atoms. To extend CPmmW spectroscopy to a molecular system, I have constructed a new setup, a 20 K Neon buffer gas cooled molecular beam system, which generates of beam containing >1000 times more molecules and 10 times less translational velocity than a Smalleytype laser ablation supersonic beam source. Hundreds of molecular Rydberg-Rydberg transitions with high resolution and high dynamic range can now be recorded in a few hours. The success of this experiment suggests many applications in the near future, such as developing a user-friendly experimental method to study and manipulate Rydberg molecules, preparing a single molecular beam pulse that contains 108 state-selected core-nonpenetrating Rydberg molecules/molecular ions, and studying the electronic structure (dipole and quadrupole moments and polarizability) of the molecular ion core with unprecedented precision and completeness. In addition, strong collective effects (superradiance) have also been observed.
by Yan Zhou.
Ph. D.
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Ricci, L., H. Rome, P. Pinilla, S. Facchini, T. Birnstiel, and L. Testi. "VLA Observations of the Disk around the Young Brown Dwarf 2MASS J044427+2512." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625755.
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We present multi-wavelength radio observations obtained with the VLA of the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young brown dwarf 2MASS J04442713+2512164 (2M0444) in the Taurus star-forming region. 2M0444 is the brightest known brown dwarf disk at millimeter wavelengths, making this an ideal target to probe radio emission from a young brown dwarf. Thermal emission from dust in the disk is detected at 6.8 and 9.1 mm, whereas the 1.36 cm measured flux is dominated by ionized gas emission. We combine these data with previous observations at shorter sub-mm and mm wavelengths to test the predictions of dust evolution models in gas-rich disks after adapting their parameters to the case of 2M0444. These models show that the radial drift mechanism affecting solids in a gaseous environment has to be either completely made inefficient, or significantly slowed down by very strong gas pressure bumps in order to explain the presence of mm/cm-sized grains in the outer regions of the 2M0444 disk. We also discuss the possible mechanisms for the origin of the ionized gas emission detected at 1.36 cm. The inferred radio luminosity for this emission is in line with the relation between radio and bolometric luminosity valid for for more massive and luminous young stellar objects, and extrapolated down to the very low luminosity of the 2M0444 brown dwarf.
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Tomsson, Lina, and Louise Svensson. "”Jag vill leka med min kompis”. ”Det går inte, det är ju fullt”. : En kvalitativ studie kring hur användandet av valtavlan synliggör barns delaktighet i förskolan." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22315.
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Detta examensarbete grundar sig på en kvalitativ studie med syfte att undersöka hur användandet av valtavlan synliggör barns delaktighet i förskolan. Eftersom det finns begränsad forskning kring valtavlan är barns delaktighet i förskolans verksamhet studiens utgångspunkt. Insamlade data utgörs från icke deltagande och öppna observationer som genomförts på en förskola vid olika tillfälle. Resultatet visar att användandet av valtavlan synliggör barns delaktighet på olika sätt. Pedagogerna på avdelningen sätter ramen för valtavlan genom att bestämma vilka rum som ska vara öppna och i vilken ordning barnen ska välja. Barnen får vara delaktiga i valen kring sin egen situation i form av att välja och byta rum på valtavlan. Med pedagogers stöd ansvarar barnen för att valtavlan ska fungera. En av svårigheterna resultatet visar är den strikta ramen valtavlan utgör då det endast finns ett begränsat antal platser i de olika rummen som sätts upp på valtavlan. Så fort ett rum blir fullt begränsas barnens delaktighet till att kunna påverka sin situation. En möjlighet valtavlan ger är att barnen får delta i beslutsfattandeprocesser då barnen själva kan påverka sina val. Utifrån Harts delaktighetsstega och Shiers modell visar resultatet att det finns både ett icke deltagande och ett riktigt deltagande i användandet med valtavlan. Resultatet visar också att barnens delaktighet varierar på de olika stegen och nivåerna.
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Rastello, Sara. "Multifrequency VLBA observations of two compact symmetric objects." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8913/.
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In this thesis the results of the multifrequency VLBA observations of the GPS 1944+5448 and the HFP J0111+3906 are presented. They are compact objects smaller than about 100 pc, completely embedded in the host galaxy. The availability of multi-epoch VLBI observations spanning more than 10 years, allowed us to compute the hot spot advance speed in order to obtain the kinematic age of both sources. Both radio sources are young, in agreement with the idea that they are in an early evolutionary stage. The spectral analysis of each source component, such as the lobes, the hot spots, the core and the jets, making a comparison with the theoretical ones is described. In addition the physical parameters derived from VLBA images as the magnetic field, the luminosity, the energy and the ambient medium density of both sources are discussed.
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Petit, Tillys. "Caractérisation de la circulation autour, au-dessus et à travers (via des zones de fracture) la dorsale de Reykjanes." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0061/document.
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La dorsale de Reykjanes est une structure topographique majeure de l’océan Atlantique Nord qui s’étend de l’Islande à la zone de fracture de Charlie Gibbs. Située entre le bassin d’Islande et la mer d’Irminger, la dorsale de Reykjanes influence fortement la circulation du gyre subpolaire et est une porte d’entrée vers les zones de convection profondes. Cependant, la circulation et la répartition des masses d’eau à travers la dorsale de Reykjanes n’ont jamais été directement quantifiées, de sorte que la caractérisation de la connexion entre le bassin d’Islande et la mer d’Irminger est encore incomplète. Dans le cadre du projet « Reykjanes Ridge Experiment », nous avons été capables d’analyser la circulation autour, au-dessus et à travers la dorsale de Reykjanes. Essentiellement à partir de sections hydrographiques perpendiculaires et le long de l’axe de la dorsale, l’objectif de cette thèse a été de quantifier et caractériser la circulation 3-D et les propriétés des courants qui longent et traversent la dorsale de Reykjanes. Nous avons commencé par quantifier précisément le transport géostrophique à travers les sections, ce qui a permis d’améliorer le traitement des données S-ADCP. A travers la dorsale de Reykjanes, l’intensité de la branche du gyre subpolaire qui rejoint la mer d’Irminger a été estimée à 21.9 + 2.5 Sv en Juin – Juillet, avec des intensifications dans la zone de fracture Bight (BFZ) et à 59 – 62°N. Dans la BFZ, les masses d’eau profondes sont influencées par la bathymétrie, de sorte que leurs propriétés hydrologiques se modifient lorsqu’elles traversent la dorsale de Reykjanes. Enfin, la bathymétrie et la circulation horizontale cyclonique du bassin d’Islande contrôlent les courants qui longent la dorsale en bloquant certaines masses d’eau, et donc sont à l’origine de la répartition de ces masses d’eau le long de la dorsale. En plus des masses d’eau du Bassin d’Islande, le Courant d’Irminger comprend également des masses d’eau qui proviennent de la mer d’IrmingerThe Reykjanes Ridge is a major topographic feature of the North-Atlantic Ocean that extends from Iceland to the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone. Located between the Iceland Basin and the Irminger Sea, the Reykjanes Ridge strongly influences the subpolar gyre circulation and is a gate toward the deep convection areas. However, the circulation and distribution across the Reykjanes Ridge has never been directly quantified such that the characterization of the connection between the Iceland Basin and the Irminger Sea is still incomplete. As part of the Reykjanes Ridge Experiment project, we were able to analyze the circulation around, above and across the Reykjanes Ridge. Mainly based on hydrographic sections along and perpendicular to the ridge axis, the aim of this PhD thesis was thus to characterize the 3-D circulation and properties of the flow along and across the Reykjanes Ridge.We started by accurately quantifying geostrophic transports across the sections, which led to improvements in the treatment of S-ADCP data. Across the Reykjanes Ridge, the intensity of the wesward branch of the subpolar gyre was estimated at21.9 + 2.5 Sv in June – July 2015 with intensifications at the Bight Fracture Zone (BFZ) and at 59 – 62°N. At the BFZ, overflow waters are influenced by the bathymetry such as their hydrological properties evolve as they cross the Reykjanes Ridge. Finally, both the bathymetry and the cyclonic horizontal circulation of the Iceland Basin regulate the evoluton of the along-ridge flows by blocking water masses, and thus shaping the water mass distribution over the Reykjanes Ridge. In addition to waters from the crossridge flow, the Irminger Current incorporates waters from the center of the Irminger Sea
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Knapp, Mary (Mary E. ). "Toward detection and characterization of exoplanetary magnetic fields via low frequency radio observation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115642.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 225-256).
Low frequency radio emission from planets is produced by the interaction of energetic charged particles from the planet's ionosphere and/or the solar wind with the planet's magnetic field. The temporal and spectral characteristics and variability of planetary radio emission encode information about a planet's magnetic field strength and morphology, rotation, and interior. This thesis describes three distinct approaches to detecting radio emission from extrasolar planets ( exoplanets). The first is a novel approach using 'big data' and computer aided discovery tools to mine radio survey images for faint radio emission from the location of nearby stars. The flexible approach described in this thesis produced upper limits of rv lOOx Jovian radio flux for a large sample of nearby stars and known exoplanet systems. The sensitivity is sufficient that large radio bursts from nearby stars or planets could have been detected if they took place during the survey observation(s). The framework developed here can be used for automated exoplanet radio emission searches in future radio survey data. The second approach described herein is a blind survey of the nearest Northern hemisphere stars across a broad range of frequencies in order to detect as-yet unknown planets or set tight constraints on radio emission from the stars and possible substellar companions. The survey approach used here is novel because it makes no assumptions about which stars are most likely to host radio emitting planets and it covers frequencies from 30 MHz to 4 GHz. This survey produced a detection of multiple rv50% circularly polarized flares from the M dwarf binary system Ross 614 as well as limits at the lOx Jovian flux level for the remaining stars observed. The limits attained from this survey are the first published at 1-4 GHz for these objects and the only available radio limits for a newly discovered cool (T9) brown dwarf. The limits from this survey place a preliminary constraint on the magnetic field of the brown dwarf at <350 G. The third approach focuses on known exoplanet systems and targets key orbital phases where intense radio emission is predicted. In the case of eccentric hot Jupiter HD 80606 b, radio flux from the planet is expected to increase by a factor of up to 3000 compared to the quiescent flux as the planet passes within 6 Rof its host at periastron due to high density stellar wind impinging on HD 80606 b's putative magnetosphere. Data obtained from LOFAR LBA is used to set the lowest limits to date on radio flux from HD 80606 b near planetary periastron. The same concept of orbital phase targeting is used to optimize an observing strategy for recently-discovered multiple planet host TRAPPIST-I. In the case of TRAPPIST-1, the quadrature phases of planets TRAPPIST-1 b and TRAPPIST-1 c are targeted to maximize the chance of observing Io-Jupiter like planetary modulation of stellar radio emission. The quadrature phase targeting approach is new to this field. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the benefits of space-based observation for exoplanetary radio searches. Ground-based observations are limited by the plasma frequency of the ionosphere, so planets with Earth-like magnetic fields cannot be observed. Telescopes on the ground also suffer from ionospheric phase errors that are difficult to fully calibrate. Space-based observation does not suffer from the effects of the ionosphere and can therefore support lower frequency observations than ground-based instruments. A novel instrument, the vector sensor, optimized for space-based radio interferometry is introduced. New algorithms for all-sky vector sensor imaging have been developed and tested in simulation and on sky data with encouraging results. Finally, the prospects for detecting Earth- or Jupiter-analogs in the solar neighborhood, either from the ground or from space, are assessed. Very large space-based arrays are required to detect either Jupiter or the Earth at 10 pc; at least 105 -106 antennas are needed for sufficient sensitivity.
by Mary Knapp.
Ph. D. in Planetary Sciences
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Sancho, Maider. "The spatial distribution of metals in disc galaxies, via simulations and observations." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20925/.
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In this thesis we are interested in the evoluNon of disc galaxies. One of the most common ways to study it is by a deep analysis of the distribuNon of chemical abundances in the stellar populaNons of the disc component. Abundance gradients let us reconstruct the puzzle of the formaNon and evoluNon of this type of galaxies, once we learn about the different elements that are released to the interstellar medium at each stage of the life of stars. In this work we pay special aaenNon to the so-‐called thick disc component of spiral galaxies, believing that it is a relic of the early galaxy and its understanding opens the door for a complete galaxy formaNon scenario. We analyse thick discs both with observaNonal data and simulaNons because we want to have a wider view of the situaNon and we think that such complementary approaches can help us maximise our knowledge and results. Our simulaNons with an enhanced feedback are the ones that best reproduce the measured data from the Milky Way. The trend for the variaNon of the mean metallicity with galacNc radius at different heights from the plane matches that in the Galaxy. It is negaNve in the mid-‐plane of galaxies and then becomes posiNve at greatest heights. According to simulaNons, this behaviour is due to a populaNon of relaNvely young and metal-‐rich stars formed in situ in the outer galaxy, which is missing in the inner thick disc. When looking at the same magnitudes but via observaNons from the CALIFA local universe galaxy sample, we see that the external galaxies exhibit a variety of different behaviours both for the metallicity and age radial gradients with height, in addiNon to the trend found in simulaNons and the Milky Way. We deduce that thick discs probably do not form through a unique mechanism but from a combinaNon of many of them. Finally we want to know the influence of the galacNc mass in the chemical evoluNon of a disc galaxy. By using a fiducial set of simulaNons and comparing the results to observaNonal data we conclude that the smallest systems in our set might have an incorrect feedback efficiency, and suggest that a mass-‐dependent modulaNon of feedback might improve the result.
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Kasaba, Yasumasa. "Study of Radio Waves in Geospace via Spacecraft Observations and Numerical Simulations." Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/154674.
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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものであるKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第6871号
工博第1622号
新制||工||1069(附属図書館)
UT51-97-H255
京都大学大学院工学研究科電子工学専攻
(主査)教授 松本 紘, 教授 橋本 弘藏, 教授 津田 敏隆
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Usov, Y., C. Z. Yuan, C. P. Shen, P. Wang, X. L. Wang, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, et al. "Observation of e^+e^- → K^+K^-J/Ψ via initial-state radiation at Belle." American Physical Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11349.
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Olive, Jean-François. "Observation de l'émission gamma émise par trois pulsars : le Crabe, Vela et AO535+26." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30266.
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Le 11 juillet 1990, durant un vol stratospherique, l'experience figaro (0,1-4 mev) a observe le pulsar du crabe et le pulsar binaire a0535+26. L'analyse du spectre du pulsar du crabe a montre une structure fine, en emission a 0,44 mev qui a ete interpretee comme une raie d'annihilation electronique, decalee gravitationnellement. Sa distribution en phase est hautement structuree, avec trois positions aux phases absolues 0,1, 0,3 et 0,45. Interprete comme une raie d'emission etroite, le flux emis correspond a 3110##4 photons cm##2 sec##1. Ce flux et la distribution en phase permettent de tester et de quantifier les modeles de production de positrons dans les sites actifs autour du pulsar. Lors du meme vol, le pulsar binaire/be a0535+26 a ete detecte pour la premiere fois dans la gamme d'energie 150 kev-300 kev, avec une periode de 103,200,02 sec. Malgre la similarite des courbes de lumiere, le spectre pulse est significativement au-dessus des extrapolations, montrant soit que les mecanismes d'emission ont un spectre plus dur que les modeles thermiques couramment employes, soit que differentes regions actives co-existent dans la magnetosphere. D'autre part, la possibilite d'une raie d'absorption cyclotron est discutee. A bord de la plate-forme orbitale gamma, l'experience gamma-1, une chambre a etincelles operant de 50 a 5000 mev, a observe le pulsar de vela dans un etat bas caracterise par une intensite faible et un spectre dur. Cette observation permet de confirmer la stabilite de la partie haute energie (300-5000 mev) du spectre du pulsar, tandis qu'a plus basse energie (50 a 300 mev) le pulsar de vela apparait variable sur des echelles de temps de plusieurs mois
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Bonnefoy, Cyril. "Observation et modélisation spatiale de la température dans les terroirs viticoles du Val de Loire dans le contexte du changement climatique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815596.
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Dans un contexte de changement climatique, les impacts attendus sur les terroirs viticoles posent un certain nombre de questions, notamment sur les risques encourus (variation des caractéristiques et de la qualité du vin) et les enjeux. Ce travail de thèse vise à mettre en place une méthodologie de mesures et de modélisation spatiale de la température, dans les terroirs viticoles du Val de Loire, afin de définir le climat actuel et d'apporter des réponses aux conséquences futures du changement climatique à l'aide de simulations adaptées. Une étude diagnostic des données de températures régionales a préalablement été effectuée et montre une augmentation généralisée de la température et des indices bioclimatiques de la vigne depuis 1950. Des expérimentations à échelles locales ont été réalisées dans les terroirs viticoles de la moyenne vallée de la Loire grâce à un important dispositif de mesures climatiques. La variabilité spatiale de la température est notamment mise en évidence par l'étude d'indices bioclimatiques comme les degrés-jours qui montrent des différences parfois comparables à celles observées à l'échelle régionale. Une modélisation multicritères a été appliquée sur un site expérimental des Coteaux du Layon et montre l'importance des facteurs topographiques dans la variabilité de la température. Une dernière étape a permis d'obtenir des simulations du modèle méso-échelle RAMS. Les simulations à 5 km de résolution sur la période de référence 1991-2000 ont été contrôlées sur certains mois clés de la croissance de la vigne puis confrontées aux sorties du modèle ARPEGE-Climat (50 km). Les résultats montrent l'intérêt de la désagrégation d'échelle par le modèle RAMS avec des biais réduits sur les températures, et notamment une meilleure appréhension des extrêmes thermiques. Les simulations de la période future 2041-2050 (Scénario A2) montrent un recul de l'aléa gélif pour le mois d'avril mais une augmentation de la fréquence des journées chaudes (>30°) et très chaudes (>35°C) pendant la période véraison-maturation. Enfin, les simulations de quelques épisodes extrêmes à 200 mètres de résolution ont soulevé toute la complexité de ce type de modélisation, avec des températures plus ou moins bien reproduites selon les journées.
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Kojima, Hirotsugu. "Study on the Plasma Waves in the Geomagnetic Tail Region via Spacecraft Observations." Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77879.
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Ruppin, Florian. "Cosmologie via les observations d'amas de galaxies par effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich avec NIKA2." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY029/document.
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La distribution de masse dans l'Univers telle que tracée par les amas de galaxies constitue une sonde cosmologique puissante. La caractérisation des processus associés à l'origine et à la croissance des grandes structures permet de contraindre des paramètres cosmologiques via l'étude de la distribution des amas en fonction de leur masse et de leur redshift. Cependant, il existe un désaccord statistiquement significatif observé entre les contraintes cosmologiques établies par l'étude des anisotropies primaires du fond diffus cosmologique et celles issues de l'analyse de la distribution des amas de galaxies. Cela pourrait signifier que le modèle standard de la cosmologie est incomplet. L'une des méthodes d'observation des amas de galaxie exploite l'effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) qui permet de contraindre la pression du gaz contenu dans ces derniers. Cette observable peut être directement liée à la masse des amas via une relation d'échelle et un profil de pression. Il est donc essentiel de caractériser précisément ces derniers afin de limiter les potentiels biais et effets systématiques affectant les analyses cosmologiques. Cette thèse présente l'ensemble des travaux réalisés dans cet objectif. Elle porte sur des thématiques allant des observations SZ effectuées avec la caméra NIKA2 installée au télescope de 30 mètres de l’IRAM jusqu'à l'estimation des paramètres cosmologiques en passant par l'analyse des données brutes de NIKA2 et des cartes SZ réalisées.Une part du travail de thèse présenté dans ce document est consacrée à l'étude et l’amélioration des différentes étapes effectuées, depuis les observations d'amas de galaxies au télescope avec la caméra NIKA2 jusqu'à la production de cartes de l'effet SZ. Les procédures développées pour estimer les performances instrumentales de NIKA2 sont détaillées et la chaîne d'analyse utilisée pour réduire les données brutes est présentée.Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse ont également consisté à caractériser les propriétés thermodynamiques d'amas de galaxies via des analyses jointes combinant les cartes SZ NIKA2 avec des données X mesurées par le satellite XMM-Newton. Nous détaillons les méthodes employées dans le logiciel de traitement des données SZ créé pour le grand programme SZ de NIKA2, la procédure de déprojection non-paramétrique développée pour caractériser le profil de pression des amas de galaxies et les résultats de la première observation SZ avec NIKA2.Les dernières activités présentées sont dédiées aux analyses réalisées afin de quantifier l'impact du grand programme SZ de NIKA2 sur la cosmologie. Nous analysons l'effet des perturbations dynamiques du milieu intra-amas sur la caractérisation du profil de pression avec NIKA2 via l'utilisation d'amas de la simulation numérique MUSIC. Finalement, nous détaillons l'étude permettant d'estimer l'impact d'une variation du profil de pression universel sur l'estimation des paramètres cosmologiques déduite du spectre de puissance de l'effet SZ mesuré par PlanckThe mass distribution in the Universe, as traced by galaxy clusters is a powerful cosmological probe. The characterization of the processes associated with the origin and the growth of the large scale structures enables constraining cosmological parameters by studying the distribution of clusters according to their mass and redshift. However, a tension is observed between the cosmological constraints established by the study of the primary anisotropies of the cosmological background and those resulting from the analysis of the distribution of galaxy clusters. This may imply that our cosmological model is incomplete. The observation of clusters from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect allows us to constrain their gas pressure. This observable can be directly linked to the mass of galaxy clusters via a scaling relation and a pressure profile. It is thus essential to characterize the latter precisely in order to limit the potential bias and systematic effects affecting cosmological analyses. This thesis presents the work carried out to this end. It covers topics ranging from SZ observations made with the NIKA2 camera installed at the IRAM 30-metre telescope to the estimation of cosmological parameters, and including the analysis of NIKA2 raw data and the SZ maps produced.Part of the thesis work presented in this document is dedicated to the study and the improvement of the different tasks carried out, from the observations of galaxy clusters with the NIKA2 camera to the production of maps of the SZ effect. The procedures developed to estimate the NIKA2 instrumental performance are detailed and the analysis pipeline used to analyze the raw data is presented.The work carried out in this thesis also consisted in characterizing the thermodynamic properties of galaxy clusters using joint analyzes that combine the NIKA2 SZ maps with X-ray data measured by the XMM-Newton satellite. We detail the methods used in the SZ data processing software created for the NIKA2 SZ large program, the non-parametric deprojection procedure developed to characterize the pressure profile of galaxy clusters and the results of the first SZ observation with NIKA2.The last activities presented are dedicated to the analyses carried out to quantify the impact of the NIKA2 SZ large program on cosmology. We analyze the effect of dynamic disturbances of the intracluster medium on the characterization of the pressure profile with NIKA2 via the use of clusters from the MUSIC N-body simulation. Finally, we detail the study realized in order to estimate the impact of a modification of the universal pressure profile on the estimation of cosmological parameters derived from the power spectrum of the SZ effect measured by Planck
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Kim, Rhae Sung. "Estimating snow depth of alpine snowpack via airborne multifrequency passive microwave radiance observations." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503071052341111.
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Shin, Koichi. "Study on electrostatic waves in the terrestrial bow shock region via spacecraft observations." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136234.
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Karimi, Fawad [Verfasser]. "Towards Realtime Observation of Interatomic Coulombic Decay via XUV Pump - THz Probe Streaking / Fawad Karimi." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190421941/34.
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Hjort, Simon. "Kritiskt tänkande i klassrummet : En studie av didaktiska val och manifesterat kritiskt tänkande i samhällskunskaps- och filosofiundervisning." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pedagogik och didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112594.
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Developing students’ ability to think critically is an important goal of Swedish upper secondary school education. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse critical thinking at the classroom level from a didactic perspective. Using participant observation and interviews, two groups of students and their two course teachers are being studied during two months. The groups study philosophy and social studies respectively. The thesis explores in what way critical thinking is manifested in the classroom and how the teachers view critical thinking in relation to their teaching. Didactic decisions and challenges are identified and discussed. The findings show that critical thinking is manifested in the classroom dialogue. Focus, relevance and precision are distinctive qualities of critical discussions. The teachers use different strategies to scaffold critical thinking, such as developing what the students say, questioning assumptions and supporting with distinctions. Some of the challenges facing the teachers are finding ways of assisting students to be independent in their thinking, disputing what they say without being perceived as biased and creating the right atmosphere in the group allowing for critical thinking to take place. It’s concluded that critical thinking at the classroom level is a highly complex phenomenon that involves more than just thinking skills which is the dominant view among researchers in the field.
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Toris, Russell C. "Spatial and Temporal Learning in Robotic Pick-and-Place Domains via Demonstrations and Observations." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/135.
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Traditional methods for Learning from Demonstration require users to train the robot through the entire process, or to provide feedback throughout a given task. These previous methods have proved to be successful in a selection of robotic domains; however, many are limited by the ability of the user to effectively demonstrate the task. In many cases, noisy demonstrations or a failure to understand the underlying model prevent these methods from working with a wider range of non-expert users. My insight is that in many mobile pick-and-place domains, teaching is done at a too fine grained level. In many such tasks, users are solely concerned with the end goal. This implies that the complexity and time associated with training and teaching robots through the entirety of the task is unnecessary. The robotic agent needs to know (1) a probable search location to retrieve the task's objects and (2) how to arrange the items to complete the task. This thesis work develops new techniques for obtaining such data from high-level spatial and temporal observations and demonstrations which can later be applied in new, unseen environments. This thesis makes the following contributions: (1) This work is built on a crowd robotics platform and, as such, we contribute the development of efficient data streaming techniques to further these capabilities. By doing so, users can more easily interact with robots on a number of platforms. (2) The presentation of new algorithms that can learn pick-and-place tasks from a large corpus of goal templates. My work contributes algorithms that produce a metric which ranks the appropriate frame of reference for each item based solely on spatial demonstrations. (3) An algorithm which can enhance the above templates with ordering constraints using coarse and noisy temporal information. Such a method eliminates the need for a user to explicitly specify such constraints and searches for an optimal ordering and placement of items. (4) A novel algorithm which is able to learn probable search locations of objects based solely on sparsely made temporal observations. For this, we introduce persistence models of objects customized to a user's environment.
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Pointecouteau, E. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physiques du milieu intergalactique via les observations infrarouges, submillimétiques et millimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330404.
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Cette étude porte sur les plus grandes structures auto-cohérentes connues dans l'univers, les amas de galaxies. Du fait de ses conditions thermodynamiques, leur halo de gaz est complètement ionisé. Ce plasma est observable aux longueurs d'onde X par son émission de freinage, ainsi qu'en submillimétrique et en millimétrique via l'effet Sunyaev-\-Zel'dovich (SZ). Cet effet résulte de la diffusion des photons du champ de rayonnement cosmologique par les électrons du milieu intergalactique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons calculé numériquement le spectre exact de l'effet SZ en prenant en compte le comportement relativiste des électrons du gaz. Ainsi, nous avons mis en évidence la forte dépendance de leur forme en fonction de la température du milieu. A l'aide de cet outil, nous avons analysé les données millimétriques du spectrophotomètre DiaBolo en direction de l'amas RXJ1347-1145. Ces observations à haute résolution spatiale ont permis la détection du plus fort signal SZ mesuré jusqu'à présent, ainsi qu'une émission étendue dont la structuration semble différer de celle observée aux longueurs d'onde X. Nous avons ensuite élargi le domaine spectral d'observation aux longueurs d'onde infrarouges et submillimétriques. Ainsi, nous avons obtenu le spectre de l'amas d'Abell 2163 entre 90~$\mu$m et 2.1~mm. Les contraintes imposées par les mesures infrarouges sur l'émission de poussière ont permis d'optimiser la détermination des paramètres SZ. En extrapolant cette étude au cas des missions spatiales, Planck Surveyor et Herschel, nous avons montré que les données SZ sont une source d'information auto-suffisante. Nous avons ainsi quantifié la précision avec laquelle la température du gaz intra-amas pourrait être déduite des observations SZ faites avec ces instruments.
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MEI, SIMONA. "Mesures de distance par fluctuations de brillance de surface avec le vlt : predictions theoriques et observations." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13158.
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Cette these est une etude des fluctuations de brillance de surface dans deux different domaines : comme indicateur de distance et comme discriminateur des populations stellaires dans les galaxies elliptiques. J'ai mene d'une part une etude theorique des limites d'application de la methode dans le cas des grands telescopes, comme le vlt (very large telescope, le telescope europeen dans l'hemisphere sud) et d'autre part j'ai analyse trois differents groupes de galaxies elliptiques observees par le ntt (new technology telescopy, telescope europeen de 3. 5 m) et par le vlt. L'amplitude des fluctuations de brillance provient principalement des populations stellaires les plus brillantes. Il est possible d'utiliser la mesure des fluctuations pour mesurer des distances si la magnitude absolue des fluctuations peut etre calibree en fonction de la metallicite et de l'age des populations stellaires. Je me suis concentree sur deux bandes d'observations, la bande i et la bande k. Jusqu'a present les fluctuations de brillance de surface dans la bande i ont etes utilisees avec succes pour mesurer des distances jusqu'a 4000 km/s avec des telescopes au sol et jusqu'a 7000 km/s avec le telescope spatial hubble. L'amplitude des fluctuations dans cette bande est directement proportionelle a la couleur (v-i) des galaxies (tonry et al. 1997, apj, 475, 399). Cela permet de mesurer des distances une fois que le point zero de cette relation est calibre sur des distances connues. Recemment cet echantillon de distances a ete utilise pour calculer le champ de vitesse des galaxies dans un volume de 3000 km/s (tonry et al 1999, astro-ph/9907062). Tonry et ses collaborateurs ont aussi mesure des fluctuations en bande k. Theoriquement dans cette bande l'amplitude des fluctuations est trente fois celle en bande i, mais, par contre, la presence d'un fond de ciel important limite la precision des mesures. A present, une vingtaine de galaxies ont ete observees dans les amas de virgo, fornax et coma. L'amplitude absolue des fluctuations dans cette bande montre une tendance constante avec la couleur (v-i). Quelques galaxies semblent avoir un niveau de fluctuations absolues beaucoup plus important que la moyenne. Les donnees n'ayant pas ete obtenues avec un haut rapport signal sur bruit, ce resultat doit etre encore confirme.
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Chambre, Damien. "Contribuer volontairement au bien public en groupe élargi : évolution via le triptyque observation, explication, représentation sur fond d'un classique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E018/document.
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Nous capturons la décision de contribuer volontairement au bien public en groupe restreint et important, en nous basant sur un classique de l’économie expérimentale. Contrairement aux prévisions, la décision dépend négativement du rendement du bien public en groupe important. Les joueurs percevraient l’enjeu comme faible. La décision dépend positivement, mais trop fragilement, du nombre de bénéficiaires du bien public en groupe restreint et n’en dépend pas en groupe important. La décision dépend toujours négativement de l’avancement du jeu, mais sans convergence vers la stratégie dominante. Le mode de calcul de la rémunération aurait une incidence. La réciprocité et l’aversion à l’iniquité sont toujours absentes. Cela serait lié au fait que les joueurs ne sont pas représentatifs de la population. Dans le sens des prévisions, deux propriétés de l’investissement public se dégagent et concordent avec les décisions observées dans la vie courante. La décision dépend positivement du rendement public en groupe restreint, dans la logique de cet incitatif à contribuer. L’altruisme est présent sous forme de traces en groupe restreint et disparaît en groupe important, désavantagé par la dilution du don. L’éclat chaleureux du don voit sa présence s’accroître en groupe important, favorisé par le changement de nature du don. Nous modélisons ces résultats en nous basant sur l’équilibre Logit. Il s’agit de fonctions de réponse perturbées comprenant différents composants. Les propriétés de ces fonctions rencontrent adéquatement la prise de décision et ont l’avantage de ne pas représenter certains errements empiriquesWe capture decision-making to voluntarily contribute to public good in small and large group, based on a Classic in experimental economics. Contrary to forecasts, decision-making is negatively correlated with Marginal Per Capita Return to investing in the public group in large group. Subjects appear to view the issue as weak. Decision-making is positively correlated, but too weakly, with number of subjects in small group and is not correlated in large group. Decision-making is always negatively correlated with game process, but without convergence to the dominant strategy. The method used in calculating compensation can have an impact. Reciprocity and aversion to inequity are always missing. This can be linked to the fact that subjects are not representative of the true population. In line with forecasts, two properties of public investment emerge and are consistent with decision-making of everyday life. Decision-making is negatively correlated with Marginal per Capita Return in small group, following logic of this incentive to contribute. There are signs of altruism in small group disappearing in larger group, disadvantaged by dilution of Giving. Presence of Warm-Glow Giving increases in large group, supported by changing nature of Giving. We model these results using the Logit equilibrium. It is noisy response functions including different components. Function’s properties properly meet decision-making and have advantage of not modeling some empirical contradictions
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Choi, Indae. "Fabrication of wavy type porous triple-layer SC-SOFC via in-situ observation of curvature evolution during co-sintering." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18668.
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Wavy type Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SC-SOFCs) have been shown to be conducive to improving the effective electrochemical reaction area contributing to higher performance, compared with planar type SC-SOFCs of the same diameter. This study presents a fabrication process for wavy type SC-SOFCs with a single fabrication step via co-sintering of a triple-layer structure. The monitoring and observation of the curvature evolution of bi- and triple-layer structures during co-sintering has resulted in an improved process with reduced manufacturing time and effort, as regards the co-sintering process for multi-layer structures. Investigation using in-situ monitoring helps different shrinkage behaviours of each porous layer to minimise mismatched stresses along with avoidance of severe warping and cracking. In the co-sintering of the multi-layer structures, the induced in-plane stresses contribute to curvature evolution in the structure, which can be utilised in the design of a curved multi-layer structure via the co-sintering process. For intermediate temperature SOFCs, the materials used are NiO/CGO for anode; CGO for electrolyte; and LSCF for cathode. These materials are tape-casted with 20μm thickness and assembled for bi- and triple-layer structures by hot pressing. Sintering mismatch stresses have been analysed in bi-layer structures, consisting of NiO/CGO-CGO and CGO-LSCF. The maximum sintering mismatch stress was calculated at interface of bi-layer structure in the top layer. In order to achieve the desired wavy type triple-layer structure, flexible green layers of each component were stacked up and laid on alumina rods to support the curvature during the process. In-situ observation, to monitor the shrinkage of each material and the curvature evolution of the structures, was performed using a long focus microscope (Infinity K-2). With these values, the main factors such as viscosity, shrinkage rate of each material, and curvature rate are investigated to determine the sintering mismatch stresses. This enables the prediction of curvature for triple-layer structure and the prediction is validated by in-situ monitoring of the triple-layer structure co-sintering process. Zero-deflection condition is confirmed to maintain initial shape during co-sintering and helps to minimise the development of undesired curvature in the triple-layer structure. Performance testing of the wavy cell was carried out in a methane-air mixture (CH4:O2 =1:1). In comparison with a planar SC-SOFC, it showed higher OCV which might be attributed to not only macro deformation, but also microstructural distribution affecting the effective gas diffusion paths and electrochemical active sites.
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Tran, Ngoc Khue. "Propriété LAN pour des processus de diffusion avec sauts avec observations discrètes via le calcul de Malliavin." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132008/document.
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Dans cette thèse nous appliquons le calcul de Malliavin afin d’obtenir la propriété de normalité asymptotique locale (LAN) à partir d’observations discrètes de certains processus de diffusion uniformément elliptique avec sauts. Dans le Chapitre 2 nous révisons la preuve de la propriété de normalité mixte asymptotique locale (LAMN) pour des processus de diffusion avec sauts à partir d’observations continues, et comme conséquence nous obtenons la propriété LAN en supposant l’ergodicité du processus. Dans le Chapitre 3 nous établissons la propriété LAN pour un processus de Lévy simple dont les paramètres de dérive et de diffusion ainsi que l’intensité sont inconnus. Dans le Chapitre 4, à l’aide du calcul de Malliavin et des estimées de densité de transition, nous démontrons que la propriété LAN est vérifiée pour un processus de diffusion à sauts dont le coefficient de dérive dépends d’un paramètre inconnu. Finalement, dans la même direction nous obtenons dans le Chapitre 5 la propriété LAN pour un processus de diffusion à sauts où les deux paramètres inconnus interviennent dans les coefficients de dérive et de diffusionIn this thesis we apply the Malliavin calculus in order to obtain the local asymptotic normality (LAN) property from discrete observations for certain uniformly elliptic diffusion processes with jumps. In Chapter 2 we review the proof of the local asymptotic mixed normality (LAMN) property for diffusion processes with jumps from continuous observations, and as a consequence, we derive the LAN property when supposing the ergodicity of the process. In Chapter 3 we establish the LAN property for a simple Lévy process whose drift and diffusion parameters as well as its intensity are unknown. In Chapter 4, using techniques of the Malliavin calculus and the estimates of the transition density, we prove that the LAN property is satisfied for a jump-diffusion process whose drift coefficient depends on an unknown parameter. Finally, in the same direction we obtain in Chapter 5 the LAN property for a jump-diffusion process where two unknown parameters determine the drift and diffusion coefficients of the jump-diffusion process
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O'Rourke, Keith. "The combining of information : investigating and synthesizing what is possibly common in clinical observations or studies via likelihood." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443045.
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Yung, Hong-kiu Bosco, and 容康喬. "VLBA observations and kinematic modelling of the high velocity molecular jets from the water fountain IRAS 18286-0959." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45847848.
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Paz, Arribas Manuel. "Estimation of trigger rates, data rates and data volumes for CTA and observations of SNR RX J0852.0−4622 with H.E.S.S." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18056.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit zwei Aspekten der Gammastrahlungsastronomie.
Einerseits studiert sie die Anforderungen an das zukünftige CTA-Observatorium für Gammastrahlung und präsentiert insbesondere Abschätzungen der Datenmengen, die während des Betriebs des Observatoriums anfallen werden.
Für das größere CTA-Teleskopfeld auf der Südhalbkugel werden demnach eine Triggerate von 13 kHz und Datenraten von bis zu 2500 MB/s erwartet. Unter der Annahme, dass 15% der Zeit für Beobachtungen genutzt werden können, ergibt sich in 15 Jahren ein Datenvolumen von bis zu 165 PB. Die Implementation eines entsprechenden Systems zur Datenerfassung und -speicherung stellt eine Herausforderung dar, die jedoch mit existierenden Technik bewältigt werden kann.
Andererseits befasst sie sich mit dem Supernovaüberrest RX J0852.0-4622 (auch bekannt als Vela Junior), präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Analyse von Daten, die mit dem H.E.S.S.-Experiment genommen wurden, und geht der Frage nach, ob RX J0852.0-4622 ein kosmischer Teilchenbeschleuniger ist.
Dabei erlauben die präzisen Messungen eine im Vergleich zu früheren Veröffentlichungen verbesserte Bestimmung der Eigenschaften der emittierenden Teilchenpopulation. Es ergibt sich, dass das Energiespektrum von RX J0852.0-4622 ein Potenzgesetz ist, das zu hohen Energien hin mit einer Abschneideenergie von 7.2 TeV exponentiell unterdrückt wird. Abschließend wird anhand von Simulation gezeigt, dass CTA die Abschneideenergie von RX J0852.0-4622 signifikant besser bestimmen können wird. Diese genauere Vermessung des Energiespektrums sollte dazu beitragen, den hadronischen oder leptonischen Charakter der Emission aufzuklären.This work focuses on two different aspects of gamma-ray astronomy. On the one hand, it studies the instrumental challenge posed by the future CTA Observatory by estimating the amount of data to be collected. Based on an analysis of simulated data, the more demanding southern array is expected to have an array trigger rate of 13 kHz, a data rate of up to 2500 MB/s and a data volume after 15 yr of operation and assuming a duty cycle of 15% of up to 165 PB. The design of the data acquisition and storage systems will be a challenge but should be manageable with existing technologies. On the other hand, it studies supernova remnants, by presenting analysis results of the gamma-ray data of the RX J0852.0-4622 supernova remnant (commonly known as Vela Junior) measured with the operating H.E.S.S. experiment and interpreting them in order to check the plausibility of RX J0852.0-4622 being a cosmic ray accelerator. The more precise measurements permit a better determination of the parent particle population properties with respect to previous publications. More precisely, a clear curvature of the spectrum of RX J0852.0-4622 is measured with an exponential energy cut-off at 7.2 TeV. Finally, the analysis of simulated data shows that CTA should be able to significantly improve the determination of the spectral energy cut-off of RX J0852.0-4622, which should help in identifying the nature of the gamma-ray emission.
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Hohlweger, Bernhard [Verfasser], Laura [Akademischer Betreuer] Fabbietti, Laura [Gutachter] Fabbietti, and Lothar [Gutachter] Oberauer. "First observation of the p–Ξ ̄ interaction via two-particle correlations / Bernhard Hohlweger ; Gutachter: Laura Fabbietti, Lothar Oberauer ; Betreuer: Laura Fabbietti." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226934374/34.
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Dubois, Florent. "L'astronomie γ de très haute énergie avec H. E. S. S. : Développement d'une analyse multi-variables et application à l'étude de nébuleuses de pulsar." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS050.
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L'expérience H. E. S. S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) a pour objectif l'observation du ciel austral en rayons γ de très haute énergie. L'observatoire, constitué de quatre télescopes fonctionnant en stéréoscopie et situé en Namibie, est un des plus performants au monde. Enregistrant des données depuis 2003, c'est l'instrument idéal pour l'observation du plan galactique et la détection des nombreuses sources qui s'y trouvent. Trois méthodes d'analyse ont été mises en place, s'appuyant sur différentes propriétés des gerbes électromagnétiques issues de l'interaction des γ avec l'atmosphère. L'objectif premier de cette thèse était de combiner les informations issues de ces trois méthodes pour la sélection des événements et la reconstruction de la direction et de l'énergie des gamma. La nouvelle analyse, appelée Xeff, apporte un gain significatif sur la qualité de la sélection et sur la précision de reconstruction de l'énergie et de la direction. L'analyse Xeff a été utilisée pour l'étude de nébuleuses de pulsar telles que Vela X, GO. 9+0. 1 et MSH 15-52. De nouveaux résultats ont été mis en évidence concernant l'extension de la source (Vela X) ou la forme spectrale (GO. 9+0. 1 et MSH 15-52) grâce à de nouvelles observations et à l'efficacité de l'analyse mise en place. Dès 2010, l'expérience rentrera dans une nouvelle phase avec l'achèvement d'un cinquième télescope, dédié à l'observation des rayons gamma à partir de quelques dizaines de GeV. Les tests mis en place pour l'étalonnage des photomultiplicateurs et les résultats obtenus sont décrits dans le manuscritH. E. S. S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) is one of the leading systems of four Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes that investigates very high energy (VHE) cosmic γ-rays in the 100 GeV to 100 TeV energy range. H. E. S. S. Is located in Namibia, near the Gamsberg mountain and operational since December 2003. The H. E. S. S. Experiment is mainly aimed to the observation of the southern sky including the galactic plan and the numerous astrophysics sources therein. Three analysis methods have been developed using various properties of the electromagnetic showers generated by the interaction of primary cosmic γ-rays within the Earth atmosphere. The first goal of this thesis was to combine the information from these methods for the selection and the energy and direction reconstruction of γ-ray events. The new analysis called Xeff improves significantly the quality of the selection and the precision of the reconstruction. This analysis has been afterwards applied to the study of pulsar wind nebulae like Vela X, GO. 9+0. 1 and MSH 15-52. New results were found concerning the source extension (Vela X) or spectral analysis (GO. 9+0. 1 and MSH 15-52) at TeV energies, thanks to additional data and to the improved efficiency of the new method. In 2010, a new phase will begin with the achievement of a fifth telescope dedicated to γ-ray observation from tens GeV. The calibration processes of the photomultipliers equipping the camera of the new telescope, as well as the results of the tests, are also described in this thesis
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Baumgartner, Wayne. "Elemental abundances via X-ray observations of galaxy clusters and the InFOC[mu]S [i.e. InFOCuS] hard X-ray telescope." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1387.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.InFOCuS on t.p. of PDF has the Greek letter for MU instead of u. Thesis research directed by: Astronomy. InFOCuS in PDF has the Greek letter for mu instead of u. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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SILVA, NETO Gival Pordeus da. "Testando a robustez na determinação da constante de hubble, H0, via observáveis em redshifts intermediários." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1988.
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Capes
A constante de Hubble (H0) é considerada fundamental na cosmologia. Ela é crucial para qualquer modelo cosmológico moderno, pois está relacionada com diversas grandezas cosmológicas, portanto, é de extrema importância a determinação mais restritiva e acurada possível do seu valor. A mais recente estimativa de H0 a partir de métodos locais (z 1), H0 = 73:8 2; 4 kms1Mpc1, e a partir de redshifts muito altos (z ' 1070), H0 = 67; 3 1; 2 kms1Mpc1, são discrepantes em um nível de con fiança de 2; 4 . Dentro deste contexto, Lima e Cunha (LC), a m de lançar alguma luz sobre este problema, derivou uma nova determinação de H0 utilizando quatro testes cosmológicos em redshifts intermediários (z 1), com base no chamado modelo CDM Plano. Eles obtiveram H0 = 74; 1 2; 2 kms1Mpc1, em pleno acordo com as medições locais. Neste trabalho, exploramos a robustez do resultado de LC, procurando por erros sistemáticos e a sua dependência com o modelo cosmológico usado. Nós constatamos que o valor H0 a partir desta análise conjunta é muito fracamente dependente de modelos cosmológico, mas a morfologia adotada para inferir o raio central dos aglomerados de galáxias, altera o resultado, sendo a principal fonte de erros sistemáticos. Concluímos que uma melhor compreensão da morfologia dos aglomerados é fundamental para transformar esse método em um poderoso estimador de H0.
The Hubble constant (H0) is considered a fundamental constant of cosmology. It is crucial for any modern cosmological model, it is related to various cosmological quantities, so it is extremely important a restrictive and accurate determination of its value. The most recent estimate of H0 from local observations (z 1), H0 = 73:8 2; 4 kms�1Mpc�1, and from high redshifts (z ' 1070), H0 = 67; 3 1; 2 kms�1Mpc�1, are discrepant in a con dence level of 2; 4 . Within this context, Cunha and Lima (LC), in order to shed some light on this problem, derived a new determination of H0 using four cosmological tests at intermediate redshifts (z 1), based on the model called Flat CDM. They obtained H0 = 74; 1 2; 2 kms�1Mpc�1, in full agreement with local measurements. In this work, we explore the robustness of the result LC looking for systematic errors and its dependence on the cosmological model used. We found that the H0 value from this combined analysis is very weakly dependent on the underlying cosmological model, but the morphology adopted to infer the core radius of galaxy clusters, changes the estimates being the main source of systematic errors. Hence, we conclude that a better understanding of the morphology of the clusters is essential to transform this method in a powerful cross-check to H0.
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Hultberg, Ingridz Kristine. "”Utvecklas i sin egen takt” En aktionsforskningsstudie om förskolepedagogers reflektioner kring sina val och handlanden ”Develop at one ́s own pace” An action research study on preschoolteachers reflections about their choices and actions." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32949.
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This is a qualitative actions research study of pre school teachers’ reflections about their choices and actions. The qualitative actions research study is combined with semistructured interviews, mind map-conversations and a videocamera in order to bring awareness about the pedagogs actions. The theory i use to analys the results is poststructural discourse. The aim is to understand and investigate how and if teachers in preschool change their analyses and reflections practice, during their action research process. Another purpose, during this process, is to understand how the pre school teachers reflect and value their knowledge in the context of their profession and practice. The questions i aim to answer are:1. In which ways does the action research process change the pre school teachers reflectionspractice?2. How do the pre school teachers reflect upon and value their knowledge about their profession within their practice?The conclusion is that action research, semistructured interviews, mind map- conversations and the observered material from the videocamera led the preschool teachers to develop at their own pace, and from their own problemed based questions and thoughts. They go from a structure view on the pedagogical practice to a subjective self evaluation view, where change is possible and their own knowledge about their profession becomes visible.
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Jayawardena, Vajira Parakrama. "Observations on the Ruminal Protein Degradation Products and the Absorption of Ruminally Derived Free and Peptide-Bound Amino Acids via Ovine Forestomach Epithelia in Vitro." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29590.
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Production of ammonia N, a-amino N, and peptide N was investigated following in vitro ruminal incubation of solvent soybean meal (SBM), dehydrated alfalfa, corn gluten feed, fish meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDG), cotton seed meal, brewers fried grains, meat and bone meal, blood meal, prolac, and casein (CAS). The influence of milling procedures on the production of ammonia N, a-amino N, and peptide N was also evaluated using different batches of soybean meals and distillers dried grains with solubles. The concentrations of peptide N and ammonia N measured in the cell free media at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h were increased linearly (P < 0.001) with time. The mean concentrations of a-amino N were lower (P < 0.05) than the mean concentrations of peptide N and ammonia N. Production of peptide N, a-amino N, and ammonia N were varied (P < 0.05, time x protein) between proteins and between batches. Irrespective of the protein used, the amino acid composition of peptides (<3,000 MW) that appeared at 8 h had specific patterns suggesting differential utilization of peptides by ruminal microorganisms. Cell-free supernatants obtained following incubation (8 h) of SBM, CAS, and DDG were used as mucosal substrates in parabiotic chambers to quantify absorption of free and peptide-bound amino acids via ruminal and omasal epithelia of sheep. Serosal appearance of amino acids in peptide form was nearly three times higher (P < 0.001) than free amino acids. On tissue dry weight basis, serosal appearance of amino acids was greater (P < 0.01) across omasal than via ruminal tissues. There was a greater serosal appearance of amino acids from CAS than from SBM. Total, total essential (EAA), total nonessential (NEAA), and individual amino acid appearance in serosal fluids varied (P < 0.05, amino acid form x protein source) among SBM, CAS, and DDG. Collectively, these results indicate that the forestomach epithelia of sheep possess the potential to absorb ruminally derived peptides (relatively large amounts) and free amino acids (relatively small amounts). Also, the ruminal microbial degradation of dietary proteins may influence the amounts and types of free and peptide-bound amino acids absorbed via forestomach.Ph. D.
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Ramirez, Amaro Karinne [Verfasser], Gordon [Akademischer Betreuer] Cheng, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Beetz, and Tetsunari [Akademischer Betreuer] Inamura. "Inferring Human Activities from Observation via Semantic Reasoning : A novel method for transferring skills to robots / Karinne Ramirez Amaro. Gutachter: Michael Beetz ; Tetsunari Inamura ; Gordon Cheng. Betreuer: Gordon Cheng." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070624233/34.
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Ramirez, Amaro Karinne Verfasser], Gordon [Akademischer Betreuer] Cheng, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Beetz, and Tetsunari [Akademischer Betreuer] Inamura. "Inferring Human Activities from Observation via Semantic Reasoning : A novel method for transferring skills to robots / Karinne Ramirez Amaro. Gutachter: Michael Beetz ; Tetsunari Inamura ; Gordon Cheng. Betreuer: Gordon Cheng." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20150402-1230789-1-9.
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Tavernier, Thomas. "Une quête de l'émission du pulsar de Vela aux hautes et très hautes énergies : observation, détection et étude, du GeV et TeV (GeV) avec le satellite Fermi et les télescopes à imagerie Tcherenkov H.E.S.S." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC257.
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La thèse présentée dans ce manuscrit est consacrée à l'étude des pulsars brillants en rayons 'y, aux énergies allant de 100 MeV à quelques TeV. Elle repose sur les données de l'instrument LAT à bord du stallite Fermi, et sur celles obtenues avec le système de télescopes Tchernekov au sol H. E. S. S. Installé en Namibie. La mesure spectrale résolue en phase des pulsars avec l'instrument Fermi-LAT, et en particulier celui de Vela (PSR B0835-45) a constitué la première étape de ce travail. La mise au point d'une méthode d'analyse dédiée au cinquième et le plus grand télescope de H. E. S. S. A permis ensuite de détecter l'émission pulséé de PSR B0835-45 depuis le sol, dès 10 GeV, puis d'en mesurer le spectre. Le très bon accord avec celui obtenu avec le LAT a démontré la validité du modèle numérique du télescope et de la méthodologie. Il s'agit du premier pulsar détecté par H. E. S. S. , et du seuil en énergie le plus bas atteint en astronomie Tcherenkov à ce jour. Dans une troisième étape, l'analyse des données de Vela obtenues avec l'ensemble des télescopes du réseau H. E. S. S. A permis de mettre en évidence, avec un bon niveau de confiance (4. 5 écarts standard), l'indication d'un signal pulsé au TeV en provenance de PSR B0835-44. L'évaluation spectrale montre que ce signal, si il est confirmé, représente une seconde composante. Une étude rapide et simple montre que cette composante pourrait être le résultat de la diffusion Compton-inverse des leptons du vent du pulsar, accélérés aux énergies ultra-relativistes au-delà du cylindre de lumière, sur le champ des photons X thermiques de l'étoile à neutrons. Ces résultats ouvrent les perspectives de la physique des pulsars au-delà de la dizaine de GeV et surtout au TeV avec le future observatoire CTAThe thesis presented in this manuscript is devoted to the study of bright pulsars shilling in -y-rays, at energies ranging from 100 MeV to several TeV. It is based on data from the LAT instrument aboard the Fermi satellite, as well as those obtained with the ground-based system of Cherenkov telescopes, H. E. S. S. , * installed in Namibia. The phased-resolved spectral measurements of pulsars with the Fermi-LAT, and in particular that of Vela (PSR B0835-45) constitutes the first step of this work. The development of an analysis method dedicated to the fifth and the largest H. E. S. S. Telescope has enabled us to detect the pulsed emission of PSR B0835-44 from ground, starting as low as 10 GeV on, and then to measure its spectrum. The very good agreement with the results obtained from the LAT data demonstrates the validity of the numerical model of the telescope and of the methodology. This is the first pulsar detected by H. E. S. S. , and the lowest energy threshold reached in Cherenkov astronomy as of today. In a third step, the analysis of data obtained on Vela with all H. E. S. S. Telescopes has resulted in an indication of a pulsed signal in the TeV range from PSR B0835-45, at a good level of confidence (4. 5 standard deviations). The spectral evaluation shows that this signal, if confirmed, represents a second component. A quick and simple study shows that this component could result from inverse Compton scattering of leptons in the pulsar wind, accelerated to ultra-relativistic energies beyond the light cylinder, on neutron star's thermal X-ray photons. These results open the perspectives for pulsar physics at tens of GeV and especially above TeV energies with the future CTA observatory
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Gosselin, Sebastien, and Arby Shahmoorad. "Integration i ämnet idrott och hälsa. : En kvalitativ undersökning via observationer och intervjuer av lärare som arbetar i skolor där majoriteten av eleverna har utländsk bakgrund." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175706.
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Idag kan man se att Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land och den svenska skolan har blivit en mötesplats där elever med olika bakgrunder och erfarenheter dagligen träffas. Vilket kan vara en stor möjlighet till att en integration sker. Forskningen kring integrering har under de senaste åren valt att inrikta sig på att undersöka om hur läraren arbetar med eleverna med utländsk bakgrund när det gäller ämnet Idrott och hälsa. Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka hur lärare i idrott och hälsa arbetar med integration i skolor där majoriteten av eleverna har en utländsk bakgrund. För att uppnå vårt syfte har vi valt att göra en kvalitativ undersökning, genom att göra en semistrukturerad intervju med fyra lärare som undervisar i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Men innan intervjuerna skedde så observerade vi totalt 10 lektioner som komplement till intervjuerna. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att lärarna i idrott och hälsa som deltar i studien tar till hänsyn i sin lektionsplanering och i sin undervisning när det handlar om elever med utländsk bakgrund.
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Boni, Sébastien. "Observation in vitro de la modulation de l'activité traductionnelle de l'IRES du virus de l'hépatite C par certains facteurs viraux et mise au point d'un système d'étude cellulaire de son activité via un vecteur lentiviral." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066446.
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Le virus de l’hépatite C pose un grave problème de santé du fait de sa prévalence élevé (3%) dans la population mondiale. Il est l’agent viral responsable de la survenue d’hépatites chroniques évoluant progressivement vers une cirrhose et/ou un carcinome hépatocellulaire. Son génome est composé d’un ARN monocaténaire de polarité positive d’environ 9600 nucléotides, flanqué à ses deux extrémités des régions 5’ (5’NC) et 3’ (3’NC) non codantes. Sa traduction est initiée par l’entrée directe des ribosomes au niveau d’une séquence hautement structurée et complexe, localisée dans la région 5’NC : l’IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Site). La conservation de cette région entre les différents génotypes et sous-types viraux et son rôle fondamental dans l’initiation de la traduction, première étape du cycle viral, font de l’IRES une cible thérapeutique considérable en l’absence d’un traitement efficace et d’un vaccin. Les mécanismes d’initiation de la traduction au niveau de cette structure sont relativement bien connus, cependant la modulation de son activité reste mal comprise et demeure un sujet de controverse. Nous avons mis en évidence, in vitro, à l’aide d’un système de gène rapporteur un rôle modulateur dose-dépendant de la protéine structurale de capside (C-VHC) ajoutée en trans, ainsi qu’un rôle activateur en cis de la région 3’NC sur l’activité de l’IRES. Afin d’étudier et de valider ces observations ex vivo, nous avons mis au point un système cellulaire d’expression basé sur l’emploi de vecteurs lentiviraux. Ces derniers expriment un transcrit bicistronique comportant l’IRES du VHC et ont permis de quantifier l’activité traductionnelle de l’IRES dans les conditions proches de celles de l’infection virale au sein de différentes lignées cellulaires, et de valider notre système d’étude en testant l’inhibition de l’IRES par des agents thérapeutiques utilisés dans le traitement contre l’infection par le VHC.
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Coleiro, Alexis. "Formation, évolution et environnement des binaires X de grande masse." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943762.
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Les binaires X de grande masse (HMXBs pour High-Mass X-ray Binaries en anglais), constituées d'un objet compact (étoile à neutrons ou trou noir) orbitant autour d'une étoile massive, ont un intérêt fondamental dans l'étude des processus d'accrétion/éjection autour d'un objet compact. Par ailleurs, des études observationnelles récentes prouvent qu'une majorité d'étoiles massives vivent en couple et connaissent des transferts de matière au cours de leur vie. De ce fait, comprendre l'évolution des HMXBs ainsi que leur interaction avec l'environnement proche permet de mieux cerner l'évolution des couples stellaires les plus massifs, possibles progéniteurs de sursauts gamma et émetteurs d'ondes gravitationnelles lors de leur coalescence. Plus largement, la connaissance de l'évolution des étoiles binaires massives en interaction est cruciale pour caractériser correctement les galaxies lointaines. Comment ces sources évoluent-elles ? Où sont-elles situées dans la Galaxie ? Quelles sont leurs propriétés principales ? Quelle est l'influence de leur environnement proche ? Quel est leur impact sur le milieu interstellaire? Cette thèse vise à apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions, en adoptant deux approches complémentaires : d'une part une étude statistique de la population Galactique de binaires X de grande masse et d'autre part une étude multi-longueurs d'onde de sources prises individuellement.
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Bonnevie, Tristan. "Nouveaux outils et optimisation des outils existants pour la réhabilitation respiratoire et la ré-autonomisation des patients atteints d'un handicap ventilatoire. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Six-minute stepper test to set pulmonary rehabilitation intensity in patients with COPD - a retrospective study Can the six-minute stepper test be used to determine the intensity of endurance training in early stage COPD : a multicenter observational study The six-minute stepper test is related to muscle strength but cannot substitute for the one repetition maximum to prescribe strength training in patients with COPD People undertaking pulmonary rehabilitation are willing and able to provide accurate data via a remote pulse oximetry system : a multicentre observational study Mid-term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on cognitive function in people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NIV is not adequate for high intensity endurance in COPD Home-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation as an add-on to pulmonary rehabilitation does not provide further benefits in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a multicenter randomized trial Lumbar transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to improve exercise performance in COPD patients Advanced telehealth technology improves in-home pulmonary rehabilitation for people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a systematic review Nasal high flow for stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR024.
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La réhabilitation respiratoire (RR) est recommandée dans la prise en soin des patients atteints d’un handicap ventilatoire afin d’améliorer leur qualité de vie. Malgré une efficacité clairement établie, très peu de patients en bénéficient et les modalités optimales d’entrainement restent à définir. L’utilisation des outils existants et des nouveaux outils pour optimiser l’accès au programme et ses effets représentent des développements majeurs qui méritent d’être évalués. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons cherché à aborder ces deux problématiques (1) en tentant de proposer un modèle de RR délocalisée hors des centres tout en évaluant les freins à ce modèle et (2) en explorant la place de différents adjuvants à la RR afin d’en optimiser les bénéfices. Dans la première partie, nous avons montré, à travers plusieurs études rétrospectives et une contribution originale prospective multicentrique, que le test stepper de six minutes peut être utilisé pour prescrire l’entrainement en endurance, particulièrement pour les patients présentant une forme légère à modérée de bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO), mais pas pour prescrire le renforcement musculaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré dans une population de 105 patients adressés en RR que l’utilisation d’un dispositif de telemonitoring était faisable, valide et largement accepté. Enfin, nous avons exploré la prévalence des dysfonctions cognitives, autre conséquence systémique de la BPCO qui pourrait compromettre la délocalisation du programme, et avons montré que cette prévalence était très élevée (environ 75% des patients) mais que ces troubles cognitifs pouvaient s’améliorer après la RR et ne semblaient pas influencer l’utilisation d’un dispositif de telemonitoring. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons évalué la place de différents adjuvants à la RR utilisés pour en potentialiser les bénéfices. Dans une étude en cross-over menée chez 21 patients atteints de BPCO, nous avons montré que la ventilation non invasive ne permettait pas d’améliorer la capacité à l’exercice en endurance en raison d’une limitation technologique du ventilateur. A travers une étude contrôlée randomisée multicentrique menée chez 73 patients atteints de BPCO sévère à très sévère, nous avons montré que la stimulation électrique excito-motrice à domicile, réalisée en plus d’un programme de RR, n’apportait pas davantage de bénéfices sur la qualité de vie ou la capacité à l’exercice. Enfin, à travers une étude randomisée en cross-over et en double aveugle menée chez 10 patients, nous n’avons pas pu montrer l’intérêt de la stimulation électrique nerveuse transcutanée pour améliorer leur capacité à l’exercice en endurance. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, nous avons présenté les recherches actuellement menées au sein de notre laboratoire, faisant suite aux contributions originales décrites au cours de cette thèse, ainsi que de nouvelles pistes de recherche afin de poursuivre les thématiques explorées. Ainsi, deux revues de littérature et méta-analyses (l’une d’elle portant sur le haut débit nasal et l’autre sur l’utilisation des technologies de santé avancées pour réaliser la RR respiratoire à domicile) serviront de base pour de futurs travauxPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended in the management of subjects with ventilatory impairment to improve their quality of life. Although a large body of evidence support its use, only few subjects benefit from it and the optimal training modality has not been determined yet. In this context, the use of new and existing tools to optimize access as well as the effects of the program are major developments that deserve to be studied. As part of this thesis, we sought to explore these two major issues (1) by considering a rehabilitation model relocated outside the PR centres while assessing the obstacles to this model and (2) exploring the effectiveness of different add-on to PR in further optimizing the benefits of the program. In the first part, we have shown, through several retrospective studies and an original prospective multicentre contribution, that the six-minute stepper test can be used to prescribe endurance training, particularly for those patients with a mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but not to prescribe muscle strengthening. Furthermore, we have shown in a cohort of 105 subjects referred for PR that the use of a remote tele monitoring device was feasible, valid and widely accepted. Finally, we explored the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, another systemic impairment of COPD that could compromise the relocation of the program, and showed that it was a very common condition (around 75% of the subjects) but that it could improve following PR and did not seem to influence the use of a remote tele monitoring device. In the second part, we evaluated the effects of different add-on used to potentiate the benefits of the PR program. In a cross-over study of 21 COPD patients, we showed that non-invasive ventilation did not improve endurance exercise capacity due to technological limitation of the ventilator. Through a multicentre randomized controlled study carried out in 73 patients with severe to very severe COPD, we have shown that neuromuscular electrical stimulation at home, performed in addition to a PR program, did not provide further benefits on quality of life or exercise capacity. Finally, through a randomized cross-over double-blind study carried out in 10 patients, we were unable to show the effectiveness of transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation in improving their endurance exercise capacity. Finally, in a last part, we highlighted the research currently carried out in our laboratory following the original contributions described during this thesis, as well as new area of research in order to pursue the themes explored. Thus, two systematic reviews and meta-analysis (the first about nasal high flow therapy in subjects with stable COPD and the second about the use of advanced telehealth technologies to deliver PR) will serve as a basis for future research
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"Multifrequency observations of quasars css using the vlba." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFSM, 2006. http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=696.
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Rudy, Donald James. "Mars: High Resolution VLA Observations at Wavelengths of 2 and 6 cm and Derived Properties." Thesis, 1987. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7484/1/Rudy%201987.pdf.
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Observations of Mars at wavelengths of 2 and 6cm were made using the VLA in its A configuration. Two seasons were observed; late spring in the northern hemisphere (LS ~ 60°) and early summer in the southern summer (LS ~ 300°). The sub-earth latitudes were 25°N and 25°S, for each of these seasons respectively. So the geometry for viewing the polar region was optimal in each case. Whole-disk brightness temperatures were estimated to be 193.2 K ± 1.0 at 2 cm and 191.2 K ± 0.6 at 6 cm for the northern data set and 202.2 K ± l.0 at 2 cm and 195.4 K ± 0.6 at 6 cm for the southern data set (formal errors only). Since measurements of the polarized flux were taken at the same time, whole-disk effective dielectric constants could be estimated and from these, estimates of sub-surface densities could be made. The results of these calculations at 2cm yielded whole-disk effective dielectric constants of 2.34 ± 0.05 and 2.02 ± 0.03 which imply sub-surface densities of 1.24 g cm-3 ± 0.06 and 1.02 g cm-3 ± 0.05 for the north and south, respectively. The same calculations at 6 cm yielded effective densities of 1.45 g cm-3 ± 0.10 and 1.31 g cm-3 ± 0.07 from effective dielectric constants of 2.70 ± 0.09 and 2.48 ± 0.06 for the north and south data sets, respectively.
From the mapped data these parameters were also estimated as a function of latitude between latitudes of 15°S and 60°N for the north data set; and between latitudes of 30°N and 60°S for the south data set. A region in which the brightness temperature behaves in an anomalous manner was discovered in both data sets. This region lies between about 10°S and 40°S. Here the brightness temperatures at both wavelengths in both data sets appears lower, by 4 K to 8 K, than a nominal model would predict. In addition to the effective dielectric constant and sub-surface density the radio absorption length of the sub-surface was estimated. The radio absorption length for most of these latitudes was about 15 wavelengths with formal errors on the order of 5 or 10 wavelengths. This is true for both data sets. The estimation of the effective dielectric constant at most latitudes was between 2 and 3.5 with only slight differences between the two different wavelengths. The two data sets show the same relative trends, but are off by a scaling factor.
These estimates of the dielectric constant lead to estimation of the sub-surface densities as a function of latitude. Most calculations of the sub-surface density yielded results between 1 and 2 g cm-3 with errors on the order of 0.5 g cm-3. These results seem to imply that the sub-surface is not much different than the surface as observed by the Viking and Mariner missions. In line with this, an examination of the correlation of the dielectric constant at each wavelength with the thermal inertia, determined by the Viking infrared measurements, shows a relatively strong correlation, at both wavelengths, for the North data set. The South data set, however, shows little to nocorrelation between the radio parameters and the thermal inertia. Since the South data set is primarily composed of latitudes which contain the anomalous region, it is not suprising that the South data set shows no correlation.
In addition, the thermal-radiative model used to estimate the above parameters was used to estimate the variability of the whole-disk brightness temperature of Mars. This was done in an effort to establish a background for those astronomers wishing to use Mars as a calibration source. The parameters investigated for their effect on the whole-disk brightness temperature of Mars were: the sub-earth longitude, the sub-earth latitude, the sub-earth time of day, the dielectric constant, and the radio absorption length. A nominal model was first created which established the variation of the brightness temperature as a function of season and radio absorption length. A nominal value of 2.2 was used for the dielectric constant, and the sub-earth latitude was set at 0°N and the sub-earth longitude was set at 75°W. The sub-earth time of day was held at noon for this nominal model. This is equivalent to a 0° phase angle. The most important geometric factor was the sub-earth latitude. The error in estimating the whole-disk brightness temperature of Mars by using the wrong sub-earth latitude can be as large as 5 to 10%. The charts presented will be useful to estimate the whole-disk brightness temperature which the thermal model would predict. It is believed that the error in this estimate is less than or equal to 5 K.
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Chen, Shih-Yun, and 陳詩芸. "“Our Nanguan Story”- The Observation on Inherited Nanguan via A Documentary." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mp55qc.
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碩士國立臺南藝術大學
音像紀錄與影像維護研究所
105
I participated in the “Tainan Nan Sheng Group Spring Music Festival” in 2015. And followed with attending some lessons taught by music teacher Chang Bo-Chung, this has led me to join the “Tainan Municipal Sishu Elementary School Nanguan Team”. With further studies about the “Nanguan” music, I came to know there is a long history of this beautiful Chinese classical music, which is in its neglected stage but do existed some 200~300 years in Taiwan. Nanguan music related stories were told throughout the years, and begun from receiving the honor of “Ching guests before the Emperor“, named by Kang Hsi in the Ching Dynasty, meaning the kind of music that can be played in front of the king. Furthermore, the oral history from teacher Chang, together with his records about the Nanguan music, as well as the creation process of "Our Nanguan Story" documentary had all become preservation of this intangible cultural asset. I always believe that finally the documentary has to face all the subjects and its audiences, so I focused my shooting on how this inherit will pass on to the children? How the children accepted the pieces? And how they look about the Nanguan music? But what fascinates me most derived from their mentoring friendship. The “Nanguan Music Life History” part raised by teacher Chang is yet to complete, and will be added to the paper for use in future research. Through the birth of my paper and "Our Nanguan Story" documentary, I hope to retain the cultural value of the traditional Nanguan music, and to provide a new reference for related researches in the future.
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Cheng, Kai-Yueh, and 鄭凱岳. "Flow Pattern Observation via Particle Image Velocimetry for Enhanced Coanda Effect." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kdr3h2.
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碩士國立交通大學
機械工程系所
105
This thesis studies the difference of flow pattern in free jet and wall jet. In the wall jet, the airflow will entrain air from surrounding and a lower pressure on the wall side will deflect the jet flow pattern. The effect will limit the spreading angle and slow down the velocity decay, which is known as the Coanda effect. In this study, some designs such as elevation angle of tube and a baffle between jet and wall for enhanced Coanda effect are examined. The centerline velocity decay coefficient (K–value) is presented using an analysis of the flow pattern via particle image velocimetry. The result shows that the K-value of the wall jet can be estimated by multiplying 1.1 relative to that of a free jet. When the elevation angle is 5° with the gap between tube and wall is 2 cm and the elevation angle is 10° with the gap is 4 cm, the K-value shows the maximum and can be estimated by multiplying 1.2~1.4 with that of a free jet. When setting up a baffle between jet and wall, the results show a beneficial outcome for the spreading angle from is appreciably reduced from the flow pattern observation. In summary, the wall jet outperforms free jet as far as spreading flow pattern is concerned. In addition, there also has an opportune gap for each elevation angle of the jet.
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Zhang, Jia Wei, and 張家瑋. "Observation of Focused Ultrasound Induced Transient Vessel Dilation/ Contraction via Optical Coherence Tomography." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a97496.
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Romine, Glen Scott. "Improving storm-scale analyses of convection via assimilation of polarimetric radar observations /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3314874.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-05, Section: B, page: 2857. Adviser: Robert Wilhelmson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-247) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.