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1

1951-, Neziroglu Fugen A., ed. Biobehavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. W. W. Norton, 1997.

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2

1951-, Neziroglu Fugen A., ed. Obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. American Psychiatric Press, 1997.

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3

The Oxford handbook of obsessive compulsive and spectrum disorders. Oxford University Press, 2012.

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4

Storch, Eric A., and Dean McKay, eds. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and its spectrum: A life-span approach. American Psychological Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14323-000.

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5

J, Stein Dan, ed. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Saunders, 2000.

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6

Andrea, Allen, and Hollander Eric 1957-, eds. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Saunders, 2000.

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Eric, Hollander, and Allen Andrea, eds. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Saunders, 2000.

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8

FOCUS ON OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SPECTRUM DISORDERS. Syn-Thesis, 1997.

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9

Storch, Eric A., Omar Rahman, Mirela A. Aldea, Jeannette M. Reid, Danielle Bodzin, and Tanya K. Murphy. Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0100.

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This chapter reviews the literature on obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders (i.e., obsessive compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, Tourette syndrome, and varied body-focused repetitive behaviors) in children and adolescents. For each disorder, data on phenomenology, associated clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future research and clinical directions, such as novel augmentation strategies, diagnostic classification of obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders, and methods of maximizing treatment outcome.
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10

Cassin, Stephanie E., and Neil A. Rector. Psychological Models of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0041.

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The current chapter provides an overview of psychoanalytic and behavioral theories of obsessive compulsive disorder and related conditions (i.e., hoarding, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, and tic disorders), and reviews the empirical support for these psychological theories. While Freud correctly ascribed compulsive rituals to an anxiety-reducing role, the more fundamental tenets of his drive model of obsessional development, and the subsequent focus on the role of defense mechanisms, have remained largely untested. In contrast, behavioral theories of obsessive compulsive and spectrum disorders revolutionized the psychological conceptualization and treatment of these disorders, and there is strong evidence accumulated over the past 40 years demonstrating the seminal role of operant conditioning processes in the maintenance of obsessive compulsive and related spectrum disorders. The evidence supporting the role of classical conditioning in symptom development is less clear; however, learning theory has contributed a partial understanding of the etiology of these conditions.
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11

Steketee, Gail, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders reviews current literature on obsessive compulsive disorder and its associated spectrum conditions—body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding, trichotillomania, tic disorders, and Tourette’s Syndrome. Articles summarize and synthesize current findings, providing an authoritative guide for practice and research in this unique subject area. With sections dedicated to phenomenology and epidemiology, biological features, genetic factors, neurological features, and cognitive processing models for understanding how people with OCD and spectrum conditions respond to information. Articles then examine family and social relationships and personality features, and how these factors can affect an individual with an OC spectrum disorder, especially older adults, children, and adolescents. Theoretical models for understanding these disorders and newer experimental therapies for treating them are also presented. A final article examines some of the most challenging research issues and understudied aspects of these psychiatric problems, especially hoarding, with hopes that this volume will encourage original research.
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12

Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, An Issue of Psychiatric Clinics. Saunders, 2006.

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13

Mataix-Cols, David, and Odile A. van den Heuvel. Neuroanatomy of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0027.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares features and often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, as well as with other psychiatric conditions classified elsewhere in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), the so-called “OCD spectrum disorders.” Neurobiologically, it is unclear how all these disorders relate to one another. The picture is further complicated by the clinical heterogeneity of OCD. This chapter will review the literature on the common and distinct neural correlates of OCD vis-à-vis other anxiety and “OCD spectrum” disorders. Furthermore, the question of whether partially distinct neural systems subserve the different symptom dimensions of OCD will be examined. Particular attention will be paid to hoarding, which is emerging as a distinct entity from OCD. Finally, new insights from cognitive and affective neuroscience will be reviewed before concluding with a summary and recommendations for future research.
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14

Steketee, Gail, and Brian H. McCorkle. Future Research on Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Conditions. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0108.

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This chapter reviews comments raised by authors of 25 chapters of the Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders. Among the challenges raised are those within the areas of diagnosis and features of the several OC spectrum conditions, including revisions to the diagnostic nomenclature for DSM-V under consideration, especially with regard to the possible addition of hoarding disorder to distinguish this more clearly from OCD. Research on clinical versus nonclinical samples, and controversies regarding possible subtypes of OCD and of some of its spectrum conditions like BDD and hoarding, are examined. Relationships among OCD and the spectrum conditions are examined with attention to the general lack of information about this issue. Several authors in the handbook comment on personality features and their association with outcomes following treatment, with a general consensus that assessing features rather than disorders will be most useful. The impact of culture on expression of OC spectrum conditions is clearly under-studied. Causes and mechanisms underlying OCD and spectrum conditions are examined, including neurological and genetic underpinnings, information processing, beliefs and cognitive models, as well as social and familial factors. Concerns about assessment are raised with regard to OCD and its expression in older adults, in hoarding and in BDD, and the impact of culture on assessment. With regard to treatment, chapters focus on research needs concerning mechanisms of action and predictors of change, and the need to improve treatments to enhance their effects. Improvement of outcomes in a variety of areas (e.g., hoarding, children, culturally sensitive treatments) is noted, including outcomes for medications and combined CBT plus medication regimens. Special issues are raised with regard to BDD, tic disorders, and trichotillomania.
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15

1957-, Hollander Eric, ed. Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: Refining the research agenda for DSM-V. American Psychiatric Pub., 2010.

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16

Simberlund, Jessica, and Eric Hollander. The Relationship of Body Dysmorphic Disorder to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and the Concept of the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0034.

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This chapter describes the relationship of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the concept of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. BDD is proposed to be part of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders, given its many similarities to OCD. OCD and BDD are both characterized by obsessions and compulsions, although in BDD individuals focus specifically on body image concerns, whereas in OCD they typically focus on concerns such as contamination, harm, and aggression. Distress that results from obsessions usually generates compulsive behaviors intended to reduce emotional discomfort. Individuals with BDD are more likely to have delusional beliefs and significantly poorer insight. Individuals with BDD report higher rates of major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts. OCD and BDD demonstrate familiality, indicating that they are likely related conditions. OCD and BDD are thought to be heterogeneous disorders that result from both genetic and environmental factors, some of which appear to be shared; for example, they appear to share some abnormalities involving the basal ganglia and limbic system (specifically the caudate nucleus).
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17

Nedeljkovic, Maja, Richard Moulding, Elham Foroughi, Michael Kyrios, and Guy Doron. Cultural Issues in Understanding and Treating Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0102.

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This chapter discusses the cross-cultural understanding of the obsessive compulsive and spectrum disorders. Epidemiological studies suggest a reasonably consistent prevalence of OCD around the world. The role of other culturally influenced factors in the presentation of OCD is also considered (i.e., religiosity, superstition, and beliefs), with religion considered particularly important in the presentation of OCD, although not in its prevalence per se. Treatment effect sizes across countries and within minority cultures from Western countries are outlined. The influence of cultural factors on help-seeking behaviors, assessment, misdiagnosis, and treatment are considered. Limitations of the literature base are discussed, particularly the lack of non-Western studies of treatment effects, and the low evidence base for the spectrum disorders.
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18

Russell, David, Kate Johnston, Ailsa Russell, and Amita Jassi. OCD and Autism: A Clinician's Guide to Adapting CBT. Kingsley Publishers, Jessica, 2019.

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19

Calamari, John E., Heather M. Chik, Noelle K. Pontarelli, and Brandon L. DeJong. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0016.

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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex, often debilitating syndrome that significantly diminishes quality of life. Although the exact prevalence of OCD is unclear, estimates suggest that it is a common form of psychopathology in the West and throughout the world. A challenge to researchers and clinicians is the significant heterogeneity of OCD. Initial heterogeneity research points to important subtypes of the disorder. Elucidation of disorder heterogeneity might advance etiologic theory and treatment research, and suggest where OCD or OCD-like conditions should be placed in a comprehensive psychiatric disorder nosology. OCD more often occurs with other psychiatric disorders, and evaluation of OCD comorbidity will help clarify this condition’s relation to anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and conditions posited to be part of a broad OCD spectrum. Despite significant advancements, much work remains before we can fully understand obsessional disorders and the relation of OCD to commonly experienced negative intrusive thoughts.
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20

Pinto, Anthony, and Jane L. Eisen. Personality Features of OCD and Spectrum Conditions. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0038.

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This chapter reviews personality features (comorbid personality disorders, trait dimensions, and related constructs) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and hypothesized obsessive compulsive spectrum conditions (body dysmorphic disorder, compulsive hoarding, tic disorders, and impulse control disorders). For each disorder, there is a discussion of the impact of personality features on clinical course, including the development and maintenance of symptoms, and treatment outcome. The chapter also includes a review of the longstanding, yet often misunderstood, relationship between OCD and obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Understanding the role of personality variables in the psychopathology of OCD and related conditions has important etiological, clinical, and theoretical implications for the study of these disorders.
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21

Mirror Mirror Off the Wall: A Personal Experience of Intertwined Obsessive/Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Ttrichotillomania. Writers Club Press, 2003.

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22

Kendler, Kenneth S. Introduction to “Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11, and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions”. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0007.

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This chapter presents an introduction to conceptual questions and practical solutions on obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) in DSM-5, ICD-11, and RDoC. It highlights the important issues confronted by the Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum, Posttraumatic, and Dissociative Disorders DSM-5 work group.
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23

Steketee, Gail. Introduction. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0012.

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The Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders reviews current literature on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and its associated spectrum conditions of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding, trichotillomania and tic disorders. Authors who are leading researchers in their fields summarize and synthesize the current knowledge about these OC spectrum disorders to provide a road map for the field and open the door to new research and further study. This introduction previews the contents of the book and highlights some of the challenges in current research on epidemiology, features, and diagnosis, as well as biological and psychosocial theories and treatments for these conditions.
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24

Martino, Davide, and Gavin Giovannoni. Poststreptococcal Movement Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0095.

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The spectrum of “poststreptococcal” movement disorders and other behavioral abnormalities has expaanded and the array of neuropsychiatric features associated with rheumatic fever (RF) has been broadened. However, it is difficult to establish a causal link between Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and neuropsychiatric symptoms beyond RF, which has fuelled a long-lasting, and still unsolved, debate as to whether putative “poststreptococcal” disorders such as the PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection) phenotype are distinct entities or not. This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of the conditions that are well established (Sydenham’s chorea) or proposed (poststreptococcal tic and obsessive-compulsive disorders) as secondary to an immune response toward GAS.
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25

Bagby, R. Michael, Amanda Uliaszek, Tara M. Gralnick, and Nadia Al-Dajani. Axis I Disorders. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.5.

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The purpose of this chapter is to summarize and discuss the complex relationship between Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and clinical (Axis I) psychopathology, including depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, eating, schizophrenia and psychotic, trauma and stress-related, and substance use disorders. Considered herein will be the alternative forms of relationship, including vulnerability, common cause, pathoplasty, complication/scar, and spectrum. This chapter will highlight the necessity for well-designed, longitudinal studies aimed at elucidating the complex relationships between the FFM and clinical disorders. Consistent research supports Neuroticism as a vulnerability factor to certain disorders, even sharing genetic etiology. However, there are also important contributions for each of the other four domains. The majority of this research is in the area of mood and anxiety disorders. Expanding these studies to include other forms of psychopathology could help identify common personality vulnerabilities to psychopathology, as well as unique predictors of certain constellations of symptoms.
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26

Trelles, M. Pilar, Paige M. Siper, and Dorothy E. Grice. Current Treatments for Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0068.

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Many psychiatric disorders of childhood have a chronic course. As such, they impact multiple developmental epochs and negatively influence developmental trajectories. While early identification and intervention may minimize, or even prevent, symptoms being carried into adulthood, the availability of evidence-based treatments is sparse in children and adolescents compared to adult populations. Establishing effective interventions for psychiatric symptoms presenting in childhood is critical given the chronic course of most psychiatric disorders. This chapter describes psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions used for the treatment of childhood psychiatric conditions, with an emphasis on empirically supported treatments. Both symptom- and diagnosis-specific approaches are described as well as the use of combined interventions for the following childhood psychiatric conditions: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic tic disorders, eating disorders, and conduct problems.
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27

Robinson, Elise B., Benjamin M. Neale, and Mark J. Daly. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0058.

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Pediatric psychiatric conditions are rising in estimated prevalence, and these disorders place an enormous burden on parents, educators, and the health care system. This rise in prevalence likely contains elements of diagnostic changes, greater awareness of these disorders, and true changes in incidence. It has been estimated that there is nearly a 50% lifetime childhood prevalence of one or more mood, anxiety, or behavioral disorders (excluding eating and substance abuse disorders) and that more than 20% of children meet the definition of severe impairment. This chapter focuses on epidemiology, heritability, and implied genetic architecture in representative pediatric neuropsychiatric conditions. We consider five major diagnostic categories and highlight major diagnosis within each, specifically, intellectual disability, pervasive developmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), hyperactive and inattentive behavior (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders (TD) (which includes Tourette Syndrome [TS] and other chronic tic disorders).
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28

Renshaw, Keith D., Catherine M. Caska, Camila S. Rodrigues, and Rebecca K. Blais. The Role of Family and Social Relationships in OCD and Spectrum Conditions. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0035.

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Children and adults with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have impairments in social and family functioning, and relatives of those with OCD endorse elevated levels of relationship and psychological distress. The levels of impairments appear equal to or greater than those associated with other disorders. Furthermore, OCD is specifically associated with higher levels of accommodation, or behaviors that facilitate the completion of compulsive rituals, in relatives. Although levels of general social and family impairments do not demonstrate a clear association with treatment response in OCD, higher levels of pretreatment accommodation and hostility in relatives is associated with poorer response to exposure and response prevention (ERP). In contrast, higher levels of nonhostile criticism in relatives may be associated with enhanced response to ERP in patients. Findings are mixed as to whether family-based treatments for OCD, most of which include psychoeducation and attempts to reduce accommodating behaviors in relatives, are associated with enhanced response to ERP.
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29

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Subtypes and Spectrum Conditions. Elsevier Science, 2007.

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30

S, Abramowitz Jonathan, McKay Dean 1966-, and Taylor Steven 1960-, eds. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Subtypes and spectrum conditions. Elsevier, 2008.

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31

Hamblin, Rebecca J., Jennifer Moonjung Park, Monica S. Wu, and Eric A. Storch. Variable Insight in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0013.

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Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often have good insight into the irrational nature of their obsessions and the excessive character of their compulsions, but insight exists along a continuum and is markedly poor in some patients. This chapter reviews the assessment and phenomenological correlates of variable insight in OCD in both pediatric and adult populations. It reviews the definition of insight and its relationship to the evolution of diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as the major assessment tools used to measure and quantify insight for clinical and research purposes. The relationships between insight and clinical characteristics of OCD, including symptom severity, comorbidity, and treatment response are reviewed, followed by a review of neurobiological correlates of insight and the relationship between poor insight and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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32

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Spectrum: A Life-Span Approach. American Psychological Association, 2014.

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33

Accordino, Robert E., Philip Bartel, Isobel W. Green, Christen L. Kidd, and Christopher J. McDougle. Differentiating Autism Spectrum Disorder and OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0058.

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This chapter explores the overlapping clinical presentation and shared genetics and neurobiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). ASD often presents with repetitive behaviors reminiscent of OCD, whereas OCD, at times, can include autistic traits involving social and communication difficulties. This can lead to difficult diagnostic distinctions, which can at times have relevance to treatment. The distinction between compulsions and autistic stereotypies merits particular discussion. Clinical features that should lead to exploration of a diagnosis of ASD include stereotypies such as hand flapping, body rocking or twirling; fixed interests or preoccupations that are ego-syntonic; and impaired social-communicative behavior.
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34

Schreiber, Liana R. N., Brian L. Odlaug, and Jon E. Grant. Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Phenomenology and Epidemiology. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0063.

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Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB), a relatively common disorder, is characterized by having sexually related thoughts, urges, and behaviors that cause significant psychosocial distress and functional impairment. This chapter describes the phenomenology and etiology of CSB. Gender, age, and ethnic/cultural influences on CSB are discussed, as well as comorbidity issues and the relationship between CSB and Parkinson’s disease. Addiction and obsessive-compulsive spectrum theoretical models of CSB are also summarized. Finally, the chapter provides future directions for clinicians and research to pursue.
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35

Chamberlain, Samuel R. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Trichotillomania. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0039.

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Trichotillomania is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent hair pulling, leading to hair loss and functional impairment. This chapter reviews the phenomenology and epidemiology of trichotillomania, and considers its relationship with putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions and other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Salient animal models of the disorder, along with findings in human patients using neuroimaging and cognitive probes, are summarized. A brain-based model of trichotillomania is formulated, focusing on affect dysregulation, addiction, and impulse dyscontrol. Finally, the chapter flags cardinal questions for the attention of future clinical and research scrutiny.
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