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Journal articles on the topic 'Obsidian'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Alberto, Enrique Pérez, Giesso Martín, D. Glascock Michael, and J. Sauer Jacob. "Obsidianas Yuco en los lagos y bosques andinos norpatagónicos: caracterización geoquímica, procedencia y distribución espaciotemporal (1000-500 AP)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 52 (October 6, 2023): 98–108. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8404060.

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En este trabajo nos centramos en la obtención y distribución de la obsidiana tipo Yuco, así como en lo que la diferencia de otras circulaciones de obsidianas en la región, particularmente su carácter lacustre/perilacustre. Sin embargo, el hallazgo de obsidiana Yuco en ambientes boscosos ubicados a 260 km al sur de la fuente, la ausencia de su registro en puntos intermedios como Traful y Nahuel Huapi, al igual que su inexistencia al oeste de la cordillera, nos invita a reflexionar sobre la tardía ocupación humana de los bosques patagónicos

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MacDonald, Douglas H., Elizabeth A. Horton, and Todd A. Surovell. "COUGAR CREEK: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF OBSIDIAN USE IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM." American Antiquity 84, no. 1 (2019): 158–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2018.76.

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With more than 15 sources of obsidian and other lithic materials, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho is one of the richest toolstone regions in northwestern North America. This article introduces a quantitative assessment technique to compare attributes of seven Yellowstone obsidians used by Native Americans over at least 11,000 years. The proposed assessment technique is replicable and adaptable to other regions. This article also analyzes the procurement, use, and distribution of the poorly studied Cougar Creek obsidian. Archaeological research documented Cougar

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Giovanny, Sierra-Vargas, Montes Luis, and Almanza Ovidio. "Estudio del origen de algunas piezas arqueológicas elaboradas con obsidianas prehispánicas de Colombia usando fluorescencia de rayos X." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 51 (March 25, 2023): 57–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7761975.

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Mediante fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX), se analizaron piezas arqueológicas hechas de obsidiana y muestras geológicas de obsidiana con el fin de discernir su ignoto origen. La obsidiana se produce en volcanes durante la expulsión y rápido enfriamiento de lava félsica con mínimo crecimiento de cristales. Los sitios de muestreo arqueológico están en el área de influencia de la cultura San Agustín, específicamente en el sitio conocido como Mesitas, ubicado dentro del Parque Arqueológico de San Agustín,

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Martin, Franco Foresta, Silvio G. Rotolo, Manuela Nazzari, and Maria Luisa Carapezza. "Chlorine as a Discriminant Element to Establish the Provenance of Central Mediterranean Obsidians." Open Archaeology 6, no. 1 (2020): 454–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0124.

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Abstract Chlorine is a minor element present in obsidians in quantities greater than in average igneous rocks. The chlorine concentration in obsidians is generally low, of the order of tenths of wt %, but it exhibits an appreciable differentiation among geological sources. Despite these characteristics, chlorine has rarely been taken into consideration as a possible indicator of obsidian provenance and it does not appear in the chemical analytical tables accompanying the geochemical characterisation of obsidian samples. In this work, after an overview of chlorine geochemistry and cycle, we pre

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Church, Tim, and Carlos Caraveo. "The Magnetic Susceptibility of Southwestern Obsidian: An Exploratory Study." North American Archaeologist 17, no. 4 (1997): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qg75-mvkt-he33-5vaq.

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The magnetic properties of volcanic glass and obsidian have long been known. Selected magnetic properties have proven useful discriminators among eastern Mediterranean obsidian sources. A recent exploratory study of the magnetic susceptibility of Southwestern obsidians indicates that it may prove a useful tool in this region also. Magnetic measurements of samples from many of the major obsidian sources in the Southwest were analyzed in an exploratory study of the technique and the resulting data are presented here. The technique and its limitations are also discussed.

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Moholy-Nagy, Hattula, and Fred W. Nelson. "New Data on Sources of Obsidian Artifacts from Tikal, Guatemala." Ancient Mesoamerica 1, no. 1 (1990): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100000080.

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AbstractIn 1984, 29 obsidian artifacts and an unworked nodule from Tikal were attributed to source by visual means and then analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). We conclude that the considerable within-source optical variability of gray Mesoamerican obsidians makes visual sourcing unreliable at present, although a corpus of descriptions of the optical characteristics of obsidian may eventually provide a way to exclude possible sources. The XRF analysis identified two additional central Mexican sources, bringing to six the number of Mexican obsidian sources represented at Tikal; failed to prov

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Negash, Agazi. "Obsidian in Ethiopia: a Geoarchaeological perspective." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 45, no. 3 (2022): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v45i3.11.

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In Ethiopia, obsidian is mainly found in the Afar Depression and the Main Ethiopian Rift. The compositional and petrological features of these obsidians vary. Some volcanic centers show that varying volcanic eruptions from a single center may not necessarily imply variable chemistry. Obsidian has been dated using K/Ar, Ar/Ar, and fission track methods to determine the time of eruption but there are also a few dates on artifacts by hydration dating to establish the time of tool manufacture. Many of the geological sources were utilized by prehistoric populations beginning at least since the Earl

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Corinne, N. Rosania, T. Boulanger Matthew, T. Biró Katalin, Ryzhov Sergey, Trnka Gerhard, and D. Glascock Michael. "Revisiting Carpathian obsidian." Antiquity 82, no. 318 (2008): 1986–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1200146.

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Archaeological interest in sourcing obsidian artefacts has increased exponentially since Renfrew’s ground-breaking work with Aegean obsidian (Renfrew et al. 1965; Aspinall et al. 1972). Although Mediterranean obsidian has received the lion’s share of attention, sources in Central and Eastern Europe have recently become the focus of characterisation efforts. This is timely—Carpathian obsidian was first exploited during the Middle Paleolithic, and was traded widely throughout Europe during later times (Williams Thorpe et al. 1984, Kilikoglou et al. 1996). Identifying Carpathian

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Mazer, J. J., C. M. Stevenson, W. L. Ebert, and J. K. Bates. "The Experimental Hydration of Obsidian as a Function of Relative Humidity and Temperature." American Antiquity 56, no. 3 (1991): 504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280898.

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The experimental hydration of obsidian for up to 30 days is described at relative humidities (RH) of 60, 90, 95, and 100 percent and at temperatures of 150, 160, and 175°C. Under isothermal conditions, the rate of hydration increased by as much as 25 percent between 60 and 100 percent RH. The RH dependence is nonlinear, with the majority of the rate increase occurring between 90 and 100 percent RH. The effect of RH can be related to the driving force for molecular water diffusion in obsidians as described by the chemical potential difference between water sorbed onto the obsidian surface and i

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Moholy-Nagy, Hattula. "Source Attribution and the Utilization of Obsidian in the Maya Area." Latin American Antiquity 14, no. 3 (2003): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557562.

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AbstractAssignment by instrument of Maya obsidian artifacts to geological sources has demonstrated the presence of several sources and variations in their distribution over time and space. Of special interest is the minor, but long-standing, presence of green and gray obsidian from Central Mexico. More attributions of large, carefully selected samples are necessary to continue the considerable progress already achieved in understanding Maya obsidian procurement and use. However, assignment by visual means is not an appropriate method for the Maya area because of the range of optical characteri

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Kasztovszky, Zsolt, Biró Katalin T., István Nagy-Korodi, et al. "Provenance study on prehistoric obsidian objects found in Romania (Eastern Carpathian Basin and its neighbouring regions) using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis." Quaternary International, no. 510 (December 22, 2018): 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.12.020.

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Macroscopic characteristics, such as hardness, relatively easy workability, transparency, translucency, and shiny black colour of the Carpathian 1 (C1) type obsidian, which is one significant variety of the Carpathian obsidians made, it highly valuable in the Prehistoric times. It was transported several hundreds of kilometres away from the geological source, becoming wide-spread in the Eastern part of the Carpathian Basin as well. Seventy-two pieces of Prehistoric (Neolithic to Bronze Age) obsidian artefacts (tools, arrow heads, chips and fragments) found in different parts of Romania (Transy

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Harmon, Russell S., Chandra S. Throckmorton, Greg Haverstock, et al. "Connecting Obsidian Artifacts with Their Sources Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis of LIBS Spectral Signatures." Minerals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13101284.

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With the recent introduction of handheld instruments for field use, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is emerging as a practical technology for real-time in situ geochemical analysis in the field. LIBS is a form of optical emission spectroscopy that is simultaneously sensitive to all elements with a single laser shot so that a broadband LIBS spectrum can be considered a diagnostic geochemical fingerprint. Sets of LIBS spectra were collected for seven obsidian centers across north-central California, with data processed using multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition t

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Moore, Phil. "green and the grey." Journal of Pacific Archaeology 15, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.70460/jpa.v15i1.374.

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There are about 20 known sources of artefact-quality obsidian in New Zealand, of which around half were extensively exploited by pre-European Māori. The visual attributes of the obsidians are described, and a procedure for identifying the original source of artefact material is outlined. Several case studies are presented to illustrate different aspects of the sourcing method, including its reliability. These, along with other studies, indicate that although some obsidian can be attributed to sources with >90% accuracy, the success rate is dependent upon the ability of the analyst and the p

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Telizhenko, Serhii, and Oleksandr Silaiev. "Lithic Assemblages of the Linear Pottery Culture Settlement Modrychi-I." Arheologia, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2022.03.017.

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A total of 145 flint items, as well as four obsidians and seven stone-made artefacts, were collected during the excavations on the Linear Pottery culture settlement Modrychi-1 in Lviv Oblast, which is located within Ukrainian Outer Subcarpathia. The assemblage of flint and obsidian items has been analyzed as an integral complex that characterizes the material culture of the Neolithic settlement. The prevailing number of flint items such as cores, flakes and blades reflect on-site production. As for the obsidian artefacts, an attempt was made to establish the origin of raw materials.

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Healey, Elizabeth. "Obsidian as an indicator of inter-regional contacts and exchange: three case-studies from the Halaf period." Anatolian Studies 57 (December 2007): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600008590.

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AbstractObsidian was used to make tools and luxury items which were widely distributed in the ancient Near East. At most sites it is an imported material and, as such, has been used as an indicator of exchange, although little specific detail of the nature of that exchange is available. Even though methods of provenance analysis for obsidian are well established, often only a few samples per site have been analysed. This means there is not enough information to indicate the relative importance of the obsidian from each source, or to establish whether source preference changed through time or w

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16

Castro, Jonathan, and Sebastian Walter. "Hybrid rhyolitic eruption at Big Glass Mountain, CA, USA." Volcanica 4, no. 2 (2021): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.04.02.257277.

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Eruptive dynamics of the 1060 CE rhyolitic eruption of Big Glass Mountain (BGM), USA, are investigated with field observations, hydrogen isotope and H2O content analysis of pyroclastic obsidian chips and lavas. Field relations at BGM reveal evidence for hybrid eruption, defined as synchronous explosive venting and effusive emplacement of vast obsidian lava flows. This activity is particularly well manifested by extensive breccia zones implanted within the BGM obsidian lavas, which may represent rafted tephra cones, in addition to remnants of airfall tephra on the lava. Rhyolitic obsidians coll

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17

Salgán, Laura, and María Paz Pompei. "Fuente de obsidiana El Peceño: primeros resultados de su abordaje tecnológico, geoquímico y espacial." Revista del Museo de Antropología 10 (July 26, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v10.n0.13733.

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<p>La fuente primaria de obsidiana El Peceño se encuentra ubicada en la planicie oriental del sur de Mendoza y su uso ha sido vinculado a contextos arqueológicos del Holoceno Tardío. Su ubicación geográfica, accesibilidad y calidad para la talla le otorgan características ventajosas en relación con otras fuentes de obsidiana conocidas. Sin embargo, su dispersión geográfica es menor que la registrada en las fuentes de obsidiana de cordillera. Estudios geoquímicos previos hicieron posible discriminar dos sub-fuentes denominadas El Peceño-1 y El Peceño-2. Recientes muestreos de campo permit

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Jwa, Yong-Joo, Seonbok Yi, Mi-Eun Jin, and Ga-Hyun Hwang. "Two Contrasting Provenances of Prehistoric Obsidian Artifacts in South Korea: Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (2019): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0008.

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AbstractTwo provenances – Mount Baekdusan near Sino-Korean border and Kyushu of southwest Japan – are well known for Korean prehistoric obsidian artifacts. We examined the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Baekdusan obsidians and the Kyushu obsidians. Though obsidians are of glassy material, microlites are easily found in the host matrix. Fe-oxides are the most abundant microlite phase, with a lesser amount of clinopyroxene, feldspar, and biotite. It is notable that the texture and chemical composition of the microlites in the Baekdusan obsidians are quite different from tho

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Gore, Angela K., Kelly Graf, and Joshua J. Lynch. "Characterizing Archaeological Rhyolites in the Nenana Valley, Interior Alaska." Minerals 13, no. 9 (2023): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13091146.

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Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) is a useful geochemical technique employed to explore toolstone procurement strategies in the lithic record, commonly utilized in sourcing obsidians. Non-obsidian volcanic toolstones (e.g., dacites, rhyolites, basalts, and andesites) are abundant in interior Alaskan assemblages yet understudied compared to obsidian. Geochemical analyses of these non-obsidian materials offer the potential to gain new insights into ancient toolstone provisioning behaviors. This paper presents a synthesis of geochemical (pXRF) analyses of rhyolite artifacts, systematic regional

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Martin, Franco Foresta, Felice Larocca, Francesca Micheletti, Mauro Pallara, and Pasquale Acquafredda. "Archaeometric Characterization of Obsidian Artifacts at Casa dei Francesi (Ustica Island, Italy) and Clues of a Hidden Prehistoric Settlement." Open Archaeology 6, no. 1 (2020): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0111.

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AbstractAt Ustica island (Palermo, Italy), in the area of Casa dei Francesi, 119 fragments of obsidian artifacts were collected on the surface of an agricultural field at an altitude of 50 m asl. In the same area, until now, scientific literature reports only the presence of late Roman pottery (4th–6th centuries AD), and no evidence has appeared that it could be the site of a prehistoric settlement. The most important prehistoric settlement, the Faraglioni Village (Middle Bronze Age) is located 700 m further north, overlooking the sea. Obsidian provenance analyses, performed on the 119 samples

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Specht, Jim, Jason Kariwiga, and Anne Ford. "Obsidian from the Jacquinot Bay area, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Pacific Archaeology 9, no. 2 (2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.70460/jpa.v9i2.254.

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The paper describes the analysis by portable XRF (pXRF) of 44 pieces of obsidian from six archaeological sites around Jacquinot Bay in the Pomio District of East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. One piece is possibly from a middle Lapita pottery context, but the remainder are undated but almost certainly post-Lapita in age. The pXRF analysis attributes all pieces to New Britain sources: 41 from Mopir and 3 from Willaumez Peninsula. The dominance of the Mopir source supports a relatively late date for the obsidian’s arrival in the Jacquinot Bay area. When considered in relation to a stemmed obsid

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Pérez, Alberto E., Martin Giesso, and Michael D. Glascock. "Obsidian Distribution of the Northern Patagonian Forest Area and Neighboring Sectors during the Late Holocene (Neuquén Province, Argentina)." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (2019): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0009.

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AbstractAnalysis of 519 obsidian artifacts (pebbles, debitage, cores and small bifaces) by nondestructive X-ray fluorescence from forests and steppes of southern Lanín National Park in the northern Patagonian Andean region, from Lácar (chemical group QU/AP), Lolog (CP-LL 1), Filo Hua-Hum (FHH), Paillakura (Pk, former unknown 1 group), Meliquina (MQ, former unknown group 2) and Yuco (YC) sources. Neutron activation analysis was applied to 29 of the artifacts. We identified for the first time the presence of obsidian from distant Covunco (PC1) in the center of Neuquén. This paper is the first En

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Coblenz, Michael, Reed Oei, Tyler Etzel, et al. "Obsidian." ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 42, no. 3 (2020): 1–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3417516.

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Paytyan, T., T. Sargsyan, and M. Kalantaryan. "Expanded obsidian as composite material for light concretes." E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337603014.

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Creation of composite building materials is a way of improvement of certain properties compared with such properties of source components as mechanical, physical, heat-insulating, acoustic, and in addition chemical stability, life span etc., or materials prime cost reduction, including at the expense of various waste utilization. In this connection, there is a lively interest in heat-insulating and acoustic insulation materials. In creating such materials the problem lies in an optimal solution concerning the choice of a light aggregate, binder and the simplest manufacturing technique for prod

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Brown, David O., Meredith L. Dreiss, and Richard E. Hughes. "Preclassic Obsidian Procurement and Utilization at the Maya Site of Colha, Belize." Latin American Antiquity 15, no. 2 (2004): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141555.

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Abstract This study explores the early use of obsidian at the Maya site of Colha in northern Belize and the implications that variations in source distribution have for the site and its regional connections. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of 104 specimens of obsidian from Preclassic contexts at the site identified El Chayal obsidian as the most common overall followed closely by that from San Martin Jilotepeque. Ixtepeque obsidian, not common in many Preclassic assemblages, was also strongly represented. The results revealed a Middle Preclassic dependence on San Martin o

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Aoyama, Kazuo. "PRECLASSIC AND CLASSIC MAYA INTERREGIONAL AND LONG-DISTANCE EXCHANGE: A DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS OF OBSIDIAN ARTIFACTS FROM CEIBAL, GUATEMALA." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 2 (2017): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.2.

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Diachronic analysis of obsidian artifacts collected from Ceibal, Guatemala, can illuminate long-term patterns and changes in the Preclassic and Classic Maya interregional and long-distance exchange systems. For this analysis sources of all obsidian artifacts were identified by a combination of pXRF of a sample of 5,375 obsidian artifacts and visual examination of 7,073 artifacts. The interregional exchange of large polyhedral cores of obsidian from the Maya highlands and local production of pressure blades began after the rise of political complexity at Ceibal, by the early Middle Preclassic R

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Alberto, E. Pérez, S. Santelices Quiroga Tomás, T. Salazar Siciliano Giovanna, and M. Ricciuto Luis. "Primeros registros de obsidiana procedente de Nevados de Sollipulli (cordillera de la Araucanía, Chile) en Aluminé (Neuquén, norte de la Patagonia argentina)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 49 (February 5, 2022): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5967573.

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Se presentan los primeros registros de obsidiana del grupo geoquímico Nevados de Sollipulli (Chile) en el sector oriental cordillerano, específicamente en sitios de la zona sur de Aluminé, en la provincia del Neuquén (Argentina). Se postula que la ausencia hasta la fecha del registro oriental cordillerano se debe a las limitaciones inherentes de las técnicas destructivas utilizadas. El análisis no destructivo mediante fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX) portátil permitió identificar su presencia en tres sitios previamente estudiados con eviden

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Ford, Anabel, Fred Stross, Frank Asaro, and Helen V. Michel. "Obsidian Procurement and Distribution in the Tikal-Yaxha Intersite Area of the Central Maya Lowlands." Ancient Mesoamerica 8, no. 1 (1997): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100001607.

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AbstractObsidian from known outcrops in the Mesoamerican highlands has been recovered from lowland Maya sites, providing significant evidence for long-distance procurement and local redistribution of obsidian by the ancient Maya. Prior chemical-characterization studies of obsidian from the lowland Maya area provide a foundation for the study of Tikal-Yaxha obsidian presented here. The samples used in this analysis came from middens associated with 12 residential units located between Tikal and Yaxha and dating from the Preclassic through Terminal Classic periods. The results of chemical sourci

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Tripkovic, Boban, and Marina Milic. "The origin and exchange of obsidian from Vinca-Belo Brdo." Starinar, no. 58 (2008): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0858071t.

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Since the time of the revolutionary characterization of obsidian in the 1960's only a small number of artefacts from the Serbian sites have been analyzed, of which at least seven samples come from the site of Vinca. These results showed that obsidian was coming from Carpathian sources, disproving old romantic ideas of the existence of local obsidian sources in the central Balkans. These results allowed for the development of ideas about exchange networks of interregional importance during the Late Neolithic in which obsidian was an integral component. In this paper we will be discussing the re

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Liritzis, I., T. Ganetsos, and N. Laskaris. "Dating of Obsidian Tools by Water Diffusion (SIMS-SS) with a Novel Software." HNPS Proceedings 13 (February 20, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2974.

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Diffusion of environmental water into the surface of obsidian tools of archaeological origin is monitored by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), which provides a H+ concentration (C) versus hydration depth profile. The modeling of this diffusion process, as one-dimensional phenomena, is based on the idea that a saturated surface (SS) layer is encountered near the surface. A novel software program has been developed, using MATLAB, incorporating all numerical parameters for the dating of hydrated obsidians using the SIMS profile. This approach has been applied to several archaeological obsid

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Carter, Tristan, and Vassilis Kilikoglou. "From Reactor to Royalty? Aegean and Anatolian Obsidians from Quartier Mu, Malia (Crete)." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 20, no. 1 (2007): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmea.2007.v20i1.115.

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This paper details the sourcing by neutron activation analysis of 60 obsidian artifacts from Quartier Mu, an important Middle Bronze Age complex at Malia, central Crete. Four sources are represented—three Aegean (Sta Nychia and Dhemenegaki on Melos, plus Giali), and one central Anatolian (East Göllü Dag?), an unusually wide array in an Aegean Bronze Age context, and one that reflects the community’s varied craft-working activities and overseas contacts. The raw materials enjoyed different uses, with clear evidence for the differential consumption of Melian obsidians. Furthermore, the East Göll

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Johnson, Nadia E., and Kenneth G. Hirth. "ALTICA, COAPEXCO, AND THE ROLE OF MIDDLEMEN IN FORMATIVE OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE." Ancient Mesoamerica 30, no. 2 (2019): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653611800041x.

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AbstractAltica's location in the Patlachique Range, 10 km away from the Otumba obsidian source, suggests its potential role in the distribution of Otumba obsidian. Altica may have been an important Formative middleman and processing site for obsidian exchange within the Basin of Mexico. To the south, Coapexco's position along a natural, restricted inlet to the Basin of Mexico may have enabled it to function as a node for pooling and distributing material into the Basin. This paper combines geochemical sourcing and technological data drawn from several Early and Middle Formative obsidian assemb

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Fauzi, Mohammad Ruly, Andy S. Wibowo, and Rhis Eka Wibawa. "Identifikasi Sumber-Sumber Obsidian Di Merangin Dan Sarolangun (Jambi, Sumatra) Berdasarkan Analisis Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Pxrf)." AMERTA 37, no. 2 (2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v37i2.93-108.

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Abstract. Prehistory of Sumatra well characterized by its abundant numbers of obsidian industry, one of which is in Jambi Province. However, determination on the geochemical characteristic of obsidian from Jambi is still lacking. Portable X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (pXRF) on obsidian samples from Merangin and Sarolangun proved the existence of three different obsidian sources in Jambi. It is obtained through the determination of pXRF on the particular trace elements: Rb, Sr, Zr, Y, Nb, Ti and Mn. The results are then analyzed by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to arrange the same obsid

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Cantone, Valentina, Rita Deiana, Alberta Silvestri, and Ivana Angelini. "Obsidian and Obsidian-like Glass Tesserae: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Study the Dedication Wall Mosaic in the Church of St. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo (12th Century)." Open Archaeology 6, no. 1 (2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0116.

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AbstractPliny the Elder testifies that roman workshops used volcanic glass (obsidian), but also produced and used a dark glass (obsidian-like glass) quite similar to the natural one. In the context of the study on medieval mosaics, the use of the obsidian and obsidian-like tesserae is a challenging research topic. In this paper, we present the results of a multidisciplinary study carried out on the Dedication wall mosaic, realized by a byzantine workshop in the 12th century in the Church of St. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo, and where numerous black-appearing tesserae, supposed to be composed

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Cantone, Valentina, Rita Deiana, Alberta Silvestri, and Ivana Angelini. "Obsidian and Obsidian-like Glass Tesserae: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Study the Dedication Wall Mosaic in the Church of St. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo (12th Century)." Open Archaeology 6, no. 1 (2020): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0116.

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AbstractPliny the Elder testifies that roman workshops used volcanic glass (obsidian), but also produced and used a dark glass (obsidian-like glass) quite similar to the natural one. In the context of the study on medieval mosaics, the use of the obsidian and obsidian-like tesserae is a challenging research topic. In this paper, we present the results of a multidisciplinary study carried out on the Dedication wall mosaic, realized by a byzantine workshop in the 12th century in the Church of St. Mary of the Admiral in Palermo, and where numerous black-appearing tesserae, supposed to be composed

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Periferakis, Argyrios. "A Review of Obsidian Source Exploitation in pre-Columbian South America." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 55, no. 1 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.20997.

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The focus of this paper is the obsidian quarries of the Pacific coast of pre-Columbian South America, which were exploited by the indigenous populations since ca. 11000 BC. The importance of obsidian in geoarchaeology and palaeoanthropology has already been demonstrated in sites from all around the world. In this paper, the presence of obsidian in correlation to tectonic activity and volcanism of South America is presented, along with the main sources in their regional geological context. Obsidian artefacts were the mainstay of everyday life of indigenous populations and obsidian was also used

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Chia, Stephen, Lutfi Yondri, and Truman Simanjuntak. "The Origins of the Obsidian Artifacts from Gua Pawon, Dago and Bukit Karsamanik in Bandung, Indonesia." AMERTA 25, no. 1 (2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v25i1.48-57.

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Abstract. This paper presents the results of a study to determine whether the obsidian artifacts found in Gua Pawon, Dago and Bukit Karsamanik in Bandung came from the well-known sources of Gunung Kendan in Nagreg, Kampung Rejeng in Garut or elsewhere. Obsidian artifacts for this study were obtained from earlier archaeological excavations at Gua Pawon and from chance finds at the sites of Dago and Bukit Karsamanik in Bandung. Samples of obsidian were also collected from the known obsidian sources in Gunung Kendan in Nagreg and Kampung Rejeng in Garut for comparative purposes.Analyses of these

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O’Shea, John M., Ashley K. Lemke, Brendan S. Nash, et al. "Central Oregon obsidian from a submerged early Holocene archaeological site beneath Lake Huron." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0250840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250840.

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Obsidian, originating from the Rocky Mountains and the West, was an exotic exchange commodity in Eastern North America that was often deposited in elaborate caches and burials associated with Middle Woodland era Hopewell and later complexes. In earlier times, obsidian is found only rarely. In this paper we report two obsidian flakes recovered from a now submerged paleolandscape beneath Lake Huron that are conclusively attributed to the Wagontire obsidian source in central Oregon; a distance of more than 4,000 km. These specimens, dating to ~ 9,000 BP, represent the earliest and most distant re

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Seelenfreund, Andrea, Charles Rees, Roger Bird, Graham Bailey, Roberto Bárcena, and Victor Durán. "Trace-Element Analysis of Obsidian Sources and Artifacts of Central Chile (Maule River Basin) and Western Argentina (Colorado River)." Latin American Antiquity 7, no. 1 (1996): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3537011.

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The present paper describes obsidian sources and compositional analysis performed on obsidian recovered from natural flows in the upper Maule River basin (central Chile). We compare the composition of this obsidian with that of obsidian artifacts recovered from selected archaeological sites both in the middle and lower valley of the Maule River and in the Argentinian provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén. The results indicate that the collected obsidian samples can be separated into six major groups. Most of the obsidian artifacts are assignable to a particular source area, but there still remain s

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Rotolo, Silvio G., Maria Luisa Carapezza, Alessandra Correale, et al. "Obsidians of Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily): A Petrographic, Geochemical and Magnetic Study of Known and New Geological Sources." Open Archaeology 6, no. 1 (2020): 434–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0120.

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Abstract This paper provides new petrochemical and paleomagnetic data from obsidian sub-sources on the island of Pantelleria, exploited since the Neolithic. Data has been obtained from 14 obsidian samples from 4 locations: Fossa della Pernice (2 sites), Salto la Vecchia and Balata dei Turchi. Here, we aim to better characterize these obsidians using a cross-disciplinary and multi-analytical approach, to further understand their archaeological significance. Major element analyses (EMP) have enabled two compositional super-groups to be distinguished: (i) Fossa della Pernice, less peralkaline and

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Robin, Anna-Kyria, Katrin Sieron, and José Carlos Beltrán Medina. "Obsidian Sources of Prehispanic Artefacts from Cultures near Ceboruco Volcano, Nayarit, Mexico." Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Natural Sciences in Archaeology XIV, no. 2 (2023): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2023.2.4.

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Ceboruco, located in the western part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is an active stratovolcano in Nayarit, Mexico, with the last historic eruption in 1870–1875. The fertile valleys around this volcano have been occupied for several thousands of years. The recognised pre-Hispanic human settlements include the Shaft tomb and Aztatlán cultures, which were present in the vicinity of the volcano before and after the well-studied Plinian Jala eruption in 890 AD, respectively. Both cultures left abundant archaeological materials in housing units and cemeteries, including obsidian tools. In this

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Franco, Foresta Martin, and Robert H. Tykot. "Characterization and Provenance of Archaeological Obsidian from Pirozza-Spalmatore, a Site of Neolithic Colonization on the Island of Ustica (Sicily)." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (2019): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0002.

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AbstractThis article presents the first archaeometric research carried out so far on a group of obsidian artifacts collected in the promontory of Pirozza-Spalmatore, the site of a Neolithic settlement on the small island of Ustica (Sicily, Italy). The obsidian assemblage, consisting of 28 artifacts, was subjected to optical, typological and geochemical analyses, the latter carried out by means of a portable pXRF, in order to determine their provenance. The results indicate that 89% of the fragments come from geologic obsidian outcrops on the island of Lipari, and 11% from the island of Pantell

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Anderson, Duane C., Joseph A. Tiffany, and Fred W. Nelson. "Recent Research on Obsidian from Iowa Archaeological Sites." American Antiquity 51, no. 4 (1986): 837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280870.

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In this paper we summarize the results of six years of passive obsidian collecting in Iowa during which time 31 samples were obtained and subjected to trace element analysis. We find that: (1) 74% of the obsidian originated at the Obsidian Cliff Quarry in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming; and (2) in contrast with earlier midwestern studies where obsidian was found in ritual contexts on Middle Woodland sites, the Iowa material is associated with a broader temporal range and on sites where ritual use is not evident. A discussion of the analytical methods used is provided as well as of previous

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Hughes, Richard E. "Another Look at Hopewell Obsidian Studies." American Antiquity 57, no. 3 (1992): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280939.

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Hatch et al. (1990) recently presented the results of research on the sources and ages of obsidian artifacts from four Hopewell sites in Illinois and Ohio. The present comment identifies ambiguities in artifact-to-source attributions that compromise the subsequent source-specific obsidian-hydration objectives of the study. Examination of obsidian-hydration rim-measurement resolution and associated error estimates, disagreements about the validity of laboratory-induced obsidian-hydration rates used in the study, and contradictions between rim measurements on the same specimens lend no support t

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Pool, Christopher A., Charles L. F. Knight, and Michael D. Glascock. "FORMATIVE OBSIDIAN PROCUREMENT AT TRES ZAPOTES, VERACRUZ, MEXICO: IMPLICATIONS FOR OLMEC AND EPI-OLMEC POLITICAL ECONOMY." Ancient Mesoamerica 25, no. 1 (2014): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536114000169.

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AbstractWe report the results of chemical sourcing of obsidian artifacts from Tres Zapotes using X-ray fluorescence analysis. This is the first obsidian sourcing study for this major Olmec and Epi-Olmec center in which samples are drawn from secure archaeological proveniences specifically assigned to Early, Middle, Late Formative, and Protoclassic periods. We employed a stratified random sampling strategy to select 180 obsidian artifacts from excavated assemblages, supplementing the random sample with another 24 specimens drawn from rare visual categories. Consequently, we are able to characte

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Levine, Marc N., Arthur A. Joyce, and Michael D. Glascock. "SHIFTING PATTERNS OF OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE IN POSTCLASSIC OAXACA, MEXICO." Ancient Mesoamerica 22, no. 1 (2011): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536111000101.

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AbstractIn this paper, we present a diachronic analysis of obsidian procurement patterns during the Postclassic period in the Lower Río Verde region of Oaxaca. The study is based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and visual analysis of obsidian artifacts from excavated household contexts at Early Postclassic (a.d.800–1100) Río Viejo and Late Postclassic (a.d.1100–1522) Tututepec (Yucu Dzaa). We report the presence of at least six sources of obsidian imported to the lower Río Verde region in the Early Postclassic, whereas during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries of the Late Postclassic, the loca

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Hovsepyan, G. Sh, M. A. Kalantaryan, and T. V. Yedoyan. "Experimental Design of Surface Modification of Expanded Obsidian and Determination of Water Sorption Capacity." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.823.

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The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of expanded obsidian and its modified product use for oil sorption, in that tetraethoxisilane (TEOS) has been used as a modifier. The optimal concentration of the modifier was determined by 50 per cent weight of expanded obsidian. The expanded obsidian was previously activated with 0,1 M solution of hydrochloric acid. IR spectrometry was used to characterise structural changes in the modified expanded obsidian samples. To determine water sorption capacity a series of experiments has been carried out. The analysis of obtained experimental data s

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Jennings, Justin, and Michael D. Glascock. "Description and Method of Exploitation of the Alca Obsidian Source, Peru." Latin American Antiquity 13, no. 1 (2002): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971743.

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Despite three decades of obsidian studies in the Andes, the extraction zones for this raw material remain poorly understood. The extent and geology of the sources, their intra-source chemical compositional variation, and the means by which the sources were exploited prehistorically, have largely escaped study. This report describes the results of a geoarchaeological survey of the Alca obsidian source in the Cotahuasi Valley, Peru. The survey documented 16 discrete outcrops of obsidian across an area of 50 km2. The obsidian in these outcrops can be found both as volcaniclastic flows and nodules

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Martin, Terrell L., and Richard E. Hughes. "Recent Research on Obsidian from Missouri Archaeological Sites." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 41, no. 2 (2016): 186—i. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26599935.

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Abstract Obsidian has been noted at archaeological sites in the Midwest for over 160 years, although very few artifacts made from this material are recorded in archaeological contexts in Missouri. Background research revealed that only 16 obsidian artifacts from 13 sites had been documented from the state and that only 5 of the specimens had been geochemically analyzed and attributed to a source. Recent excavations at the Droste site (23PI1291), a Late Woodland period site in northeast Missouri, yielded two obsidian artifacts. The two specimens from the Droste site along with two previously un

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Rice, Prudence M., Helen V. Michel, Frank Asaro, and Fred Stross. "Provenience Analysis of Obsidians from the Central Peten Lakes Region, Guatemala." American Antiquity 50, no. 3 (1985): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280323.

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A set of 296 obsidian artifacts from the lakes area of the Department of Peten, Guatemala, has been provenienced by X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis. The obsidians come from socioeconomic contexts (primarily rural/domestic) and time periods—from the Middle Preclassic period, ca. 800 B.C., up to the time of Spanish contact, A.D. 1525—that have been poorly represented in previous Lowland provenience studies. Thus they provide new data on the acquisition and distribution of this important non-local commodity in the Maya Lowlands.

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