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Kohl, David F. "Knowledge life cycles: renewal and obsolescence." El Profesional de la Informacion 18, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2009.jul.03.
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Munten, Pauline, Joëlle Vanhamme, and Valérie Swaen. "Reducing obsolescence practices from a product-oriented PSS perspective: A research agenda." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 36, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 42–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570720980004.
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This conceptual article reviews current knowledge across relevant disciplines and proposes a research agenda related to the capacity of product-oriented product–service systems (PSS) – which are servitization practices, similar to product–service bundling – to mitigate the obsolescence problem of durable products (in the form of deliberate curtailment of product lifespans or symbolic devaluation of devices). Taking both consumer and company perspectives on this possibility, this study outlines paths for research into how marketing can advance knowledge, particularly in relation to product design and sustainable marketing fields. As a contribution to product–service bundling literature, this article also proposes that different types of bundling strategies can be deployed strategically to enhance environmental performance and reduce obsolescence. The effects of product-oriented PSS on obsolescence depend on the type of added services that companies bundle with their products. This insight offers some implications for managers who might seek to adopt product–service bundling and for regulators and policy makers who want to combat obsolescence.
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Thomsen, André, Kees van der Flier, and Nico Nieboer. "Analysing obsolescence, an elaborated model for residential buildings." Structural Survey 33, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-12-2014-0040.
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Purpose – In previous research publications the authors combined the available knowledge about obsolescence in a conceptual model for further research on and appliance in the decision making about demolition. Since evidence-based theoretical research references on obsolescence are rare, the model inevitably had an explorative character. The purpose of this paper is to test and elaborate the model. Design/methodology/approach – A series of case studies were conducted in various residential building estates. In each estate the types of obsolescence (according to the model) and their interrelationships were identified. Findings – The model can usefully be applied; it enables the determination of types of obsolescence. The case studies also show that several types of obsolescence occur simultaneously, and that these types can be interrelated. This touches upon the complexity of cause-effect mechanisms as already mentioned in the introduction. One of the weaknesses is that information is sometimes available for only one point in time, and that the availability of information varies with the type of obsolescence. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on a limited selection of case studies. Further, the causal relationships between the types of obsolescence could not always be revealed. Practical implications – The current model does not distinguish between causes and effects. For further development of the model, cause-effect processes have to be further analysed. Social implications – Actual measurement of the extent of obsolescence per type is not part of this study, but has to be carried out before social implications can adequately be indicated. Originality/value – The paper presents a conceptual classification of obsolescence that turns out to be workable when tested in practice.
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Jenab, Kouroush, Kourosh Noori, Philip D. Weinsier, and Sam Khoury. "A dynamic model for hardware/software obsolescence." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 31, no. 5 (April 29, 2014): 588–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-03-2013-0054.
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Purpose – Since technological lifecycles do not always match hardware/software (HW/SW) lifecycles, obsolescence becomes a major issue in system lifecycle management as it can cause premature and unscheduled replacement of HW/SW subsystems. The purpose of this paper is to report a dynamic model to predict the obsolescence dates for HW/SW subsystems. Design/methodology/approach – The dynamic model estimates obsolescence dates for HW/SW subsystems based on graph theory concept. The model depicts the stages of subsystem obsolescence through transmittances composed of probability and time-distribution elements. The model predicts probability and mean time to obsolescence for line replaceable units (LRUs) over the lifetime of the system. An illustrative example in signaling systems used in a train control system was used to demonstrate the application of this model. Findings – Generally, the short timespan for HW/SW subsystems, which are periodically replaced with newer technologies, results in the development of new product lines by suppliers while they try to support legacy systems for a reasonable period of time. Obsolescence of HW/SW subsystems increases operation and maintenance costs as legacy systems are typically more expensive to maintain. The costs can be reduced by an optimum time to obsolescence derived from the model. Practical implications – This research adds to the body of knowledge on asset management and maintenance strategy. This paper may be of particular interest to reliability, maintainability and availability practitioners and project managers. Originality/value – The originality of this paper lies in developing a graph-based model that predicts probability and mean time to obsolescence for LRUs over the lifetime of the system.
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Florey, Margaret J. "The Reinterpretation of Knowledge and Its Role in the Process of Language Obsolescence." Oceanic Linguistics 32, no. 2 (1993): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623196.
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Jain, Amit. "Learning by hiring and change to organizational knowledge: Countering obsolescence as organizations age." Strategic Management Journal 37, no. 8 (August 13, 2015): 1667–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.2411.
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Escribano, Nora, Arturo H. Ariño, and David Galicia. "Biodiversity data obsolescence and land uses changes." PeerJ 4 (December 13, 2016): e2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2743.
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BackgroundPrimary biodiversity records (PBR) are essential in many areas of scientific research as they document the biodiversity through time and space. However, concerns about PBR quality and fitness-for-use have grown, especially as derived from taxonomical, geographical and sampling effort biases. Nonetheless, the temporal bias stemming from data ageing has received less attention. We examine the effect of changes in land use in the information currentness, and therefore data obsolescence, in biodiversity databases.MethodsWe created maps of land use changes for three periods (1956–1985, 1985–2000 and 2000–2012) at 5-kilometres resolution. For each cell we calculated the percentage of land use change within each period. We then overlaid distribution data about small mammals, and classified each data as ‘non-obsolete or ‘obsolete,’ depending on both the amount of land use changes in the cell, and whether changes occurred at or after the data sampling’s date.ResultsA total of 14,528 records out of the initial 59,677 turned out to be non-obsolete after taking into account the changes in the land uses in Navarra. These obsolete data existed in 115 of the 156 cells analysed. Furthermore, more than one half of the remaining cells holding non-obsolete records had not been visited at least for the last fifteen years.ConclusionLand use changes challenge the actual information obtainable from biodiversity datasets and therefore its potential uses. With the passage of time, one can expect a steady increase in the availability and use of biological records—but not without them becoming older and likely to be obsolete by land uses changes. Therefore, it becomes necessary to assess records’ obsolescence, as it may jeopardize the knowledge and perception of biodiversity patterns.
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Lee, Yangwon (Agustin). "Seoul: World Class Convention City." Revista Digital Mundo Asia Pacífico 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2013): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/map.v2.i2.02.
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In 21st century, countries have a great interest to move forward based on the knowledge economy. The knowledge economy is described as production and services based on knowledge-intensive activities that contribute to an accelerated pace of technological and scientific advance as well as equally rapid obsolescence (Snellman, 2004). Korean government also has its great passion to develop the knowledge industry in Korea. In other words, Korea has become one of the leading countries that balance national competitive industry and Knowledge industry. This article is focused on convention infrastructures and the strong Meetings, Incentive Travels, Conventions and Exhibitions Alliances (MICE), mainly focusing on Seoul.
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Pap Mangel, Claudia. "Legal Abortion: The Impending Obsolescence of The Trimester Framework." American Journal of Law & Medicine 14, no. 1 (1988): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007735.
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Women who wish to terminate a pregnancy, and physicians willing to perform abortions, are subject to increasing harassment from groups which challenge the constitutional abortion right upheld by the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade. Their vulnerability, in fact, parallels the vulnerability of the aboriton right. This Article analyzes the inherent weakness and impending obsolescence of the trimester framework established in Roe. Present medical evidence of maternal health risks and fetal viability demonstrates that the trimester framework is inconsistent with current medical knowledge, and will likely be rendered obsolete by developments in medical technology. The Article suggests that adoption of an alternative constitutional basis for legal abortion is necessary to preserve the abortion right, and explores the utility of two arguments grounded in the equal protection doctrine. Finally, it discusses means of preserving legal abortion within the confines of the trimester framework established in Roe v. Wade.
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Joseph, Damien, Mei Ling Tan, and Soon Ang. "Is Updating Play or Work?" International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 1, no. 4 (October 2011): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2011100103.
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This study proposes that IT professionals’ behavioral orientation towards IT knowledge and skills updating demands can take on two contrasting forms: updating-as-play or updating-as-work. Drawing on threat-rigidity theory (Staw, Sandelands, & Dutton, 1981), the authors hypothesize that IT professionals who feel threatened by professional obsolescence are more likely to approach updating-as-work more than as play. Results from a sample of IT professionals are consistent with threat-rigidity theory (Staw et al., 1981) in that the threat of professional obsolescence is negatively related to updating-as-play and is positively related to updating-as-work. The authors also find that updating-as-play is negatively related to turnaway intentions and that updating-as-work is positively related to turnover intentions; these findings are consistent with IT theories of job mobility. The authors conclude this study with a discussion of these results and propose future research directions.
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Laitner, John, and Dmitriy Stolyarov. "Technological Change and the Stock Market." American Economic Review 93, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 1240–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282803769206287.
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Tobin's average q has usually been well above 1, but fell below 1 during 1974 – 1984. Our model explains this pattern and reconciles it with unchanging aggregate investment. The stock market value in the numerator of q reflects ownership of physical capital and knowledge, but the denominator measures just physical capital. Therefore, q is usually above 1. Periodic arrivals of important new technologies, such as the microprocessor in the 1970's, suddenly render old knowledge and capital obsolete, causing the stock market to drop. National accounts measures of physical capital miss this rapid obsolescence. Then q appears to drop below 1.
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Zervos, Vasilis. "Integrated Approaches in Economics of Contracting and Knowledge Management." Journal of Economics and Public Finance 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): p448. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v5n4p448.
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Knowledge management (KM) in the space sector is a particularly interesting study owing to the specific characteristics of lack of patenting and recording of information associated with security considerations, as well as the sectoral age pyramid and the obsolescence of equipment that results in significant KM transaction costs and loss of information. Coupled with the custom-made nature that is typical of space projects, the analysis in this paper focuses on contractual mechanisms that incorporate transfer of KM within and beyond a project’s life-cycle and the implications for specific types of contracts that are typically used -mostly in procurement. This leads to incentives for contractors to enhance also inter-firm transfer of knowledge and develop the management tools that will sustain virtual skills of past project teams. The paper shows that this approach can result in significant benefits for all stakeholders, despite challenges associated with potential transaction costs in contracting and lack of standards and relevant experience in usage of such mechanisms. Finally, a critique of the industry tradition of cost and performance assessments prior to end of lifetime is emerging.
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Pinelli, Michele, and Mara Einstein. "Religion, science and secularization: a consumer-centric analysis of religion’s functional obsolescence." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-11-2017-2451.
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Purpose This paper aims to offer a marketing perspective to the multidisciplinary debate on whether religion is expanding, declining or resurging in contemporary and allegedly secular society. Specifically, it examines the “secularization hypothesis”, which predicts that religion tends to lose its central role in people’s lives as secular reasoning spreads and scientific knowledge accumulates. Design/methodology/approach Borrowing from psychology literature, the authors identify the psychological and social needs satisfied by religion and in doing so uncover its functions. They then discussed whether religion can be claimed to be functionally obsolete. Findings The authors identified four functions of religion: explanatory, relieving, membership and moral. The content of religious doctrines offers consumers of religion unambiguous knowledge, absolute morality and promises of immortality, immanent justice and centrality in the universe. Religion also provides a social identity, through which people can build meaningful connections with others in the community and with their own history. Originality/value A change in the role of religion would be highly relevant for consumer research because religious ideologies shape consumption practices, social relations, products and brands. The authors observe that the content of religious answers is so well-crafted around human psychology that the explaining, relieving and moral functions of religion have not lost reliability. However, cultural change has weakened religion’s ability to gratify human psychology through social identity and meaningful socialization, which led to the marketization of religion, the rise of spirituality and the intensification of socialization around consumption.
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Juhasz, Alexandra, and Jennifer McCoy. "Re-energizing VHS Collections, Expanding Knowledge: A Conversation about VHS Archives." KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 2 (November 29, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/kula.24.
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Scholars, activists, researchers, and artists of a certain age and inclination are burdened with a soon-to-be-obsolete but always-beloved, carefully tended but perhaps recently quieted collection that most likely sits on an office shelf gaining dust: their VHS Archive. Not a personal collection, but a professional one of continuing or even growing value if not usability, this archive has been lovingly built and used, probably over decades, for teaching and research and in support of the movements and issues that have mattered most to the collector. With the help of an Open Education Resources grant from CUNY we built an online teaching resource for a graduate course that would focus on just twelve of these tapes. We hope that the course and its lasting website asks, and will offer some answers about, best practices for reactivating knowledge that might be endangered due to medium obsolescence, and other broader cultural factors of forgetting.
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Willoughby, Keith, and Christopher Zappe. "Using decision analysis to explore cable television delivery." Journal of Modelling in Management 12, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-07-2015-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of decision analysis in determining the most efficient strategy for installing cable television in the residence halls of Bucknell University. Design/methodology/approach The decision analysis model compared five distinct approaches for achieving and maintaining a successful delivery of cable television service to students enrolled in this private, residential institution. For each alternative, the model incorporated installation costs, likelihood of installation failure, installation failure costs, likelihood of obsolescence and obsolescence-related costs. In addition to considering the trade-offs between cost, timing and riskiness of the various alternatives, a thorough set of sensitivity analyses was performed to gain insight into the parameters that most strongly influence this decision-making process. Findings The quantitative model advocated the adoption of the university’s data network as the mode for cable delivery. Sensitivity analysis further supported this notion. Practical implications The analysis of this problem incorporated the knowledge and judgments of senior administrators and staff members, thus demonstrating the critical contributions offered by subject-matter experts in advising, informing and launching successful decision analysis projects. Incorporating stakeholder viewpoints enhances model understanding and, eventually, model implementation. Decision analysis represents a powerful approach in communicating uncertainties and advising on the benefits of particular alternatives. Originality/value To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this paper represents an initial attempt to investigate cable delivery options within a decision analysis framework.
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JONES, MARI C. "Does language loss follow a principled structural path? Evidence from Jersey Norman French." Journal of French Language Studies 28, no. 3 (April 29, 2018): 399–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269518000042.
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ABSTRACTThis study examines contact-induced change in Jèrriais, the severely endangered Norman variety currently spoken by some 1% of the population of Jersey, one of the British Channel Islands. Today, English dominates all linguistic domains of island life, and all speakers of Jèrriais are bilingual. The analysis uses original data to test empirically whether Myers-Scotton's (2002) five theoretical assumptions about the structural path of language attrition (broadly defined as language loss at the level of the individual) also have relevance for the process of language obsolescence (broadly defined as language loss at the level of the community). It explores i) whether Jèrriais is undergoing contact influenced language change owing to its abstract grammatical structure being split and recombined with English, a hypothesis related to Myers-Scotton's Abstract Level model; and ii) whether different morpheme types of Jèrriais are related to the production process in different ways and are, accordingly, more or less susceptible to change during the process of language obsolescence, a hypothesis related to Myers-Scotton's 4-M model. In addition to its contribution to linguistic theory, this study increases existing knowledge about Jèrriais and makes data from this language available for systematic comparison with other languages.
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Bowman, Matthew. "Art Criticism in the Contracted Field1." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 79, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaac/kpab003.
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Abstract Just over a decade-and-a-half ago, a roundtable discussion published in the pages of October worried that the periodic renewal of critical discourses had slowed to a standstill and that art criticism was faced with obsolescence. Such an obsolescence should be understood in a broadly Hegelian manner: the danger is not that art criticism would disappear from the cultural field, but that it will continue—although drained of its previous necessity. Such fears perhaps run the risk of exaggeration, yet this article shall suggest that there seems a sense in which the field of art criticism has contracted in recent years. Self-reflexivity in art and the popularization of “para-curatorial” approaches, for instance, often underpin the artwork discursively before the arrival of art criticism upon the scene. To be sure, such circumstances are viewable positively as interdisciplinary dialogical opportunities, but the negative flipside here is that art criticism’s potential contribution becomes increasingly minimized. From another angle, critics such as Isabelle Graw have contended that the economic-cultural regime of post-Fordism, with its attention on intellectual labor and knowledge production, might actually hold possibilities for the contemporary art critic—but even here, I argue, art criticism becomes contracted, albeit in the other meaning of the word.
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Akhshik, Somaye Sadat, and Mehri Parirokh. "The dance of change in libraries: a case study of FUM libraries merger in Iran." Library Management 37, no. 8/9 (November 14, 2016): 520–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-07-2016-0055.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of individual and organizational dimensions on creating the resistance to change according to the role of unlearning and knowledge stickiness in merging of libraries as planned change. Design/methodology/approach Borrowing from the Lewin’s field theory, knowledge stickiness theory and unlearning the framework of planned change process designed. The paper opted for a survey study using the questionnaire, five depth interviews and focus group discussion with librarians, middle and senior managers. Findings The paper provides empirical insights about pattern of planned change in the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad library. The role of knowledge stickiness and unlearning factors associated with process of planned change. It suggests that successful change act as overcoming forces of unlearning to knowledge stickiness on two dimensions: individual and organizational. Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen research case, the research results may lack statistical generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Originality/value The importance of managing obsolescence knowledge in individual and organizational dimensions in process of planned change is highlighted as managerial point of view.
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O'Brien, Michael. "Information Seeking & Documentation as Communication: A Software Engineering Perspective." Communication & Language at Work 3, no. 3 (December 3, 2014): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/claw.v1i3.16558.
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Effective communication of knowledge is paramount in every software organisation. Essentially, the role of documentation in a software engineering context is to communicate information and knowledge of the system it describes. Unfortunately, the current perception of documentation is that it is outdated, irrelevant and incomplete. Several studies to date have revealed that documentation is unfortunately often far from ideal. Problems tend to be diverse, ranging from incompleteness, to lack of clarity, to inaccuracy, obsolescence, difficulty of access, and lack of availability in local languages. This paper begins with a discussion of information seeking as an appropriate perspective for studying software maintenance activities. To this end, it examines the importance and centrality of documentation in this process. It finally concludes with a discussion on how software documentation practices can be improved to ensure software engineers communicate more effectively via the wide variety of documents that their projects require.
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Zenerian, Eleftherios. "Vinyl records, metal fandom and fan labour: Productions and exchanges at the intersection of the cultural and financial economies." Metal Music Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/mms.5.1.89_1.
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This article presents a case study of how obsolete vinyl records are transformed into concert souvenirs through fan labour, using it as a springboard for an enquiry into fan creativity – both in terms of making do with a culture that excludes materially disenfranchised fans, and also in terms of re-purposing objects and discovering new ways of deriving pleasure from their use. It shows how embodied knowledge and dispositions are deployed to casually resist an economy of alienation and obsolescence, how fan productions are often exchanged in both the cultural and financial economies, and, in so doing, makes an intervention into an under-researched aspect of metal culture and fan cultures more generally.
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Lu, Liangdong, Jia Xu, Zhenggang Lu, and Jiuchang Wei. "Estimating the crisis information coverage model in the internet communities." Kybernetes 47, no. 6 (June 4, 2018): 1202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2017-0108.
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Purpose In this study, the process of crisis information communication is viewed as a systems-based concept. An integrated and systematic three-phase model has been constructed to describe the process of crisis information coverage on the internet. By analyzing factors in the three stages that affect the coverage ratio and speed, this study aims to explore the law of information communication in this process and provide useful evidence for crisis managers to make informed decisions. Design/methodology/approach A complete information communication model has been constructed including the following three stages: crisis information release, crisis information diffusion and crisis information reception. The effects of important factors and variables in the model have been studied, including the crisis information release quantity, crisis information release mode, crisis information diffusion speed and crisis information obsolescence speed. Findings The quantitative analysis shows that crisis information release quantity and diffusion speed are positively correlated with coverage ratio; crisis information obsolescence speed is negatively correlated with coverage ratio; and crisis information release mode affects the speed of coverage but does not affect the final coverage ratio. Originality/value Theoretical value: from the perspective of systems thinking, a detailed, systematic and coupled information coverage model has been constructed. Application value: this study finds the most efficient methods to regulate coverage speed and final rate, knowledge of which may play an important role in guiding the practice of crisis communication management.
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Loh, Stanley. "Innovation by Necessity vs. by Will." International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 1, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2014010101.
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The first phase of the Information Era (or Knowledge Era) generated improvements in productivity. Nowadays, society is living in the Second Phase of this era, characterized by innovations directed for the human welfare. Innovations may be guided by governments or companies, following planned or perceived obsolescence. However, as part of a Darwinist approach, innovations cannot be controlled and evolve as a living being. The paper discusses how innovations develop in a complex system, and how incentives, needs and will interfere in the creation and adoption of innovations in the Society. The paper also discusses how individual will and needs may influence social innovation towards eliminating social and economic inequality or creating inequality, preserving individualities and folk cultures. The paper presents some possible directions to achieve this.
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Susca, Vincenzo. "The elementary forms of digital culture. Knowledge, connections and sociality." EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY, no. 2 (January 2020): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ess2-2019oa8750.
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Contemporary communicative platforms welcome and accelerate a socio-anthropological mutation in which public opinion (Habermas, 1995) based on rational individuals and alphabetic culture gives way to a public emotion whose emotion, empathy and sociality are the bases, where it is no longer the reason that directs the senses but the senses that begin to think. The public spheres that are elaborated in this way can only be disjunctive (Appadurai, 2001), since they are motivated by the desire to transgress the identity, political and social boundaries where they have been elevated and restricted. The more the daily life, in its local intension and its global extension, rests on itself and frees itself from projections or infatuations towards transcendent and distant orders, the more the modern territory is shaken by the forces that cross it and pierce it. non-stop. The widespread disobedience characterizing a significant part of the cultural events that take place in cyberspace - dark web, web porn, copyright infringement, trolls, even irreverent ... - reveals the anomic nature of the societal subjectivity that emerges from the point of intersection between technology and naked life. Behind each of these offenses is the affirmation of the obsolescence of the principles on which much of the modern nation-states and their rights have been based. Each situation in which a tribe, cloud, group or network blends in a state of ecstasy or communion around shared communications, symbols and imaginations, all that surrounds it, in material, social or ideological terms, fades away. in the air, being isolated by the power of a bubble that in itself generates culture, rooting, identification: transpolitic to inhabit
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Schopflin, Katharine. "What do we Think an Encyclopaedia is?" Culture Unbound 6, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146483.
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The death of the encyclopaedia is increasingly reported in connection with the abandonment of hard copy reference publishing, the dispersal of library reference collections and the preference for end-users to seek information from search engines and social media. Yet this particular form of the book evolved in a very specific way to meet the needs of knowledge-seekers, needs which persist and perhaps flourish in an age of information curiosity. This article uncovers what is meant by ‘encyclopaedia’ by those who produce and use them. Based on survey and interview research carried out with publishers, librarians and higher education students, it demonstrates that certain physical features and qualities are associated with the encyclopaedia and continue to be valued by them. Having identified these qualities, the article then explores whether they apply to three incidences of electronic encyclopaedias, Britannica Online, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and Wikipedia. Could it be that rather than falling into obsolescence, their valued qualities are being adopted by online forms of knowledge provision?
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Ovsyanitskaya, L. Yu. "ON THE EXPERIENCE OF REALIZING ADVANCED EDUCATION FOR TRAINING DIGITAL SOCIETY BACHELORS." Современная высшая школа инновационный аспект, no. 4 (2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7442/2071-9620-2020-12-4-62-68.
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The paper substantiates the need to create a practical technology for the implementation of advanced education for training of bachelors of digital society on the basis of modern pedagogical formats of communication between a teacher and students. Pedagogical methods and technologies are presented that implement practical implementation of two types of advancing: advancing “ from below” when the content of education is based on the current level of technology development and advancing “ from above” which involves anticipating not specific theoretical knowledge or work skills, but personality characteristics that allow the student adapt successfully in the future. The modern mathematical means and tools for the implementation of intellectual analysis of pedagogical monitoring data are proposed which allow building a scientifically grounded individual educational trajectory. All pedagogical approaches and methods used contribute to the preparation of students for future work activities in the face of rapid obsolescence of knowledge and technologies and correspond to the modern level of development of digital education, which are characterized by qualitative changes in data processing and transmission technologies and the widespread use of information and communication technologies.
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SALIKHOV, Boris V. "A comparative analysis of models of individualism within the Knowledge–Energy–Orientation triad." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 1256–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.7.1256.
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Subject. The article is devoted to the actualization of individualism as a natural ontology of the modern liberal economy. Objectives. The aim is to explore the possibility of realizing the real potential of the paradigm of individualism, which may have various forms of manifestation, and is positioning itself as a new, qualitatively integral and productive "being". Methods. The methodological perspective and disciplinary matrix of the study are based on the use of creative potential of the dialectic of "essence and phenomenon", as well as possibilities of logical and epistemological analysis of modern functional models of socio-economic development. The study also employs the content analysis of modern domestic and foreign sources. Results. The paper unveils that it is possible to verify the controversial judgment about the obsolescence of the neoliberal paradigm of methodological individualism, where it is necessary to distinguish the dysfunctional monetary-plutocratic form of individualism from the essence of individualism as such, which includes the far from realized creative potential of a possible new "being". An approximate outline of a new qualitative integrity of the individualistic concept is formed, where the spiritual-moral and value-semantic attractor becomes the "center of gravity". Conclusions. At present, individualism, as a natural ontology of modern liberal economy, needs to be significantly updated. The scientific and practical importance of the article’s provisions is an attempt to continue the discussion in the search for the most effective models of socio-economic development, to concretize the phenomenology of methodological individualism as an ontology of modern political economic analysis.
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Zakharov, M. Yu, I. E. Starovoytova, and A. V. Shishkova. "THE ISSUE OF “CULTURAL AMNESIA” IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-4-182-186.
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The issue of the dual impact of innovative technologies on the sphere of spiritual culture has been considered. On the one hand, the digitalization of cultural values gives hope for their longevity, compared with traditional storage methods. On the other hand, the preservation of cultural heritage is facing new, previously unmet difficulties: the life of digital documents is short due to constant technological improvement and the rapid obsolescence of technology; not all artifacts can be digitized; when knowledge is transmitted through the media, its reduction, vulgarization occurs; finally, the person is changing, for whose sake the preservation of the cultural heritage takes place. Generations possessing clip thinking will have to deal with the fragmented, unsystematic cultural heritage, which is fraught with real cultural amnesia. The new approaches to digital information management and, specifically, digital cultural heritage have been proposed in the article.
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Searing, Elizabeth A. M. "Life, Death, and Zombies: Revisiting Traditional Concepts of Nonprofit Demise." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 354–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.6.3.354-376.
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There is a robust literature examining financial vulnerability and demise of nonprofit organizations, particularly in the United States. However, much of this knowledge stems from inconsistent definitions of nonprofit demise. Using eight comparative case studies, this study revisits traditional definitions of nonprofit life and death to better reflect actual organizational operating status. Following this reclassification, findings from this study show that certain internal and external characteristics are more important in determining a nonprofit’s operational status. In particular, nonprofits whose missions involve a particular regulation are more likely to close due to mission completion or obsolescence; however, these nonprofits also tend to either reincarnate or expand scope if other factors are favorable. The findings also appear to show that the existence of conflict or competition with an outside entity boosts nonprofit cohesion. Internal tensions, however, are particularly harmful.
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Singh, Surendra N., Nikunj Dalal, and Sanjay Mishra. "Research Burnout: A Refined Multidimensional Scale." Psychological Reports 95, no. 3_suppl (December 2004): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.3f.1253-1263.
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In a prevailing academic climate where there are high expectations for faculty to publish and generate grants, the exploration of Research Burnout among higher education faculty has become increasingly important. Unfortunately, it is a topic that has not been well researched empirically. In 1997 Singh and Bush developed a unidimensional scale to measure Research Burnout. A closer inspection of the definition of this construct and the composition of its items suggests, however, that the construct may be multidimensional and analogous to Maslach's Psychological Burnout Scale. In this paper, we propose a refined, multidimensional Research Burnout scale and test its factorial validity using confirmatory factor analysis. The nomological validity of this refined scale is established by examining hypothesized relationships between Research Burnout and other constructs such as Intrinsic Motivation for doing research, Extrinsic Pressures to do research, and Knowledge Obsolescence.
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Azid, Toseef, Mohammad Aslam, and Mohammad Omer Chaudhry. "Transfer of Technology: Competition or Cooperation." Pakistan Development Review 41, no. 4II (December 1, 2002): 761–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v41i4iipp.761-786.
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Looking at an economy as consisting of several layers of techniques gives us a way to spell out the implications of macroeconomic situations to micro levels. For instance, if macroeconomic consideration point to reducing total employment, a map of the layers of techniques of the economy should be able to pinpoint the firms of different regions that are likely to be effected. In such cases, to be able to delineate the effects of extra final demand of the new investment on the production and employment in the economy, we require best input-output and labour coefficients instead of the average ones that are at present computed worldwide. Similarly, for capacities going out of production either because of the lack of demand, or obsolescence, we want to have the knowledge of the least efficient techniques of production for finding out their economic implications [Azid (2002)].
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Maddox, Alexia. "Disrupting the ethnographic imaginarium." Journal of Digital Social Research 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.23.
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This paper is a contemplation of a digital ethnography with the community surrounding Silk Road, the first widely used cryptomarket for drugs on the Dark Web. To position the study within the broader field of illegal anthropology, it provides links between the existing literature on the study of cryptomarkets with relevant anthropological scholarship. A theory of piracy is interrogated for its explanatory capacity of the digital pirates of the Dark Web. The start of the study unexpectedly coincided with the FBI seizure of Silk Road in October 2013. The field site disappearance provoked a practice-based and conceptual rewiring. The paper unpacks how the ‘hydra effect’ introduced to conceptualise resilient innovation within cryptomarkets can also apply to the multiplicity of identities linked to research practice. This effect also raises how the knowledge production within digital ethnographic practice may be reconfigured through notions of opportunism, replication, obsolescence, regeneration, iteration, adaptation and proliferation.
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Palacios-Hidalgo, Francisco Javier, Cristina A. Huertas-Abril, and María Elena Gómez-Parra. "EFL Teachers' Perceptions on the Potential of MOOCs for Lifelong Learning." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 15, no. 4 (October 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2020100101.
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Despite its numerous advantages, globalization, information society and the emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT) have caused quick changes in society, provoking the rapid obsolescence of knowledge and the appearance of new concepts. In this context, new professional demands for teachers are required to help students develop necessary competences for the 21st century. At this juncture, ICT, e-learning tools, and MOOCs have arisen as remarkable training resources for teacher lifelong learning with an undeniable potential; however, it seems relevant to study whether teachers agree in the usefulness of such tools. In this light, this article investigates and compares the perceptions of Spanish pre-service and in-service EFL teachers about ICT, e-learning and MOOCs, and the uses of these technologies. The results obtained allow the researchers to analyze whether the possibilities of these resources correspond to the real necessities of EFL teachers.
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Jerome, Barlatier. "Criminal Investigation and Criminal Intelligence: Example of Adaptation in the Prevention and Repression of Cybercrime." Risks 8, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks8030099.
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In the context of the digitization of delinquent activities, perpetrated via the internet, the question of the most appropriate means of crime prevention and crime repression is once again being raised. Studies performed on police investigations have highlighted the over-determining nature of circumstantial factors in crime as a condition for their elucidation for more than fifty years. The emergence of mass delinquency, such as cybercrime, has thus strongly altered the role of investigation as a useful mode of knowledge production. This obsolescence has appeared gradually and can be summarized in four stages, which generates a suspicion about the social relevance of the investigation. It seems that the holistic approach of criminal intelligence is more adapted to the fight against new forms of crime. The investigation becomes a precision instrument assigned to functions that become more specific. This article considers this paradigm shift by the approaches to knowledge management of crime control. Cybercrime is then emblematic of this shift. This study is based on the criminological review and the delinquency analysis led by the central criminal intelligence service of the national gendarmerie. Its premise may likely guide the strategy of French law enforcement agencies.
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Macedo, Miguel, Jorge Brito, Carlos Cruz, and Ana Silva. "Methodological Proposal for the Development of Insurance Policies for Building Components." CivilEng 1, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng1010001.
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Insurance is a growing economic activity within the construction sector. Homes and buildings are perhaps the most important investment an individual makes in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the market for insurance coverage policies applied to the building envelope is in an embryonic stage, mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. This study provides an innovative and methodological approach to the development of an insurance product that targets the obsolescence of building components. In defining a structured approach to the design of insurance policies for buildings, the use of the service life prediction models proposed in this study allows establishing different types of insurance policies with different risk premiums and evaluating different losses and risks accepted by the owners, thus promoting the increase of the patrimonial value of the asset and reducing the risk of premature failure and the uncertainty of the costs of maintenance during its life cycle.
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Fiolleau, Krista, Kris Hoang, and Bradley Pomeroy. "Auditors' Communications with Audit Committees: The Influence of the Audit Committee's Oversight Approach." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 38, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-52261.
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SUMMARY Policymakers have identified effective communications between the auditor and the audit committee (AC) as an indicator of a quality audit, but little is known about the factors auditors consider when deciding what to communicate about significant accounting issues. We propose auditors use the AC's oversight approach as a cue for the level of detail in their communications that is necessary to satisfy the AC's preferences for auditors' insights on issues that were resolved with management. In our experiment, auditors resolved an inventory obsolescence issue with a hypothetical CFO, and then wrote a communication about it for the AC. We manipulate the AC's preference for getting involved in the issue resolution process and its reputation for asking questions. Our results, supplemented by findings from audit partner interviews, suggest auditors tailor their communications to the AC's oversight approach, the AC's industry and accounting knowledge, and the AC chair's preferred communication style. Data Availability: Contact the authors.
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Macedo, Miguel, Jorge de Brito, Carlos Oliveira Cruz, and Ana Silva. "Methodological Proposal for the Development of Insurance Policies for Building Components." CivilEng 1, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ce1010001.
Full textAbstract:
Insurance is a growing economic activity within the construction sector. Homes and buildings are perhaps the most important investment an individual makes in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the market for insurance coverage policies applied to the building envelope is in an embryonic stage, mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. This study provides an innovative and methodological approach to the development of an insurance product that targets the obsolescence of building components. In defining a structured approach to the design of insurance policies for buildings, the use of the service life prediction models proposed in this study allows establishing different types of insurance policies with different risk premiums and evaluating different losses and risks accepted by the owners, thus promoting the increase of the patrimonial value of the asset and reducing the risk of premature failure and the uncertainty of the costs of maintenance during its life cycle.
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Bobrikov, Valeriy, Nikita Ravochkin, Marina Gorbacheva, and Ammar Jamous. "Organization of Training HR-Specialists of Coal Mining Enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910504014.
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Based on trends in the socio-economic sphere of public life, in particular the education sector, and taking into account the specifics of the Russian coal mining industry enterprises, in this article the authors address the problem of the organization of training of the coal mining industry HR specialists. The role of these workers in coal mining enterprises is shown in the study. The impact of globalization, which has led to the obsolescence of knowledge and doesn’t guarantee the constancy of the work being done, even within the same industry, is noted. Views on investment in the development of human resources of an enterprise are analyzed. Based on the use of their own methods, the authors give a vision of the profile of an HR specialist of coal mining enterprises. A critical analysis of the organization of training of HR specialists, depending on customer requirements, is presented. In conclusion, the work gives practical recommendations on the organization of HR specialists training.
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Martin, Paul. "A ‘Social Form Of Knowledge’ in Practice: Unofficial Compiling of 1960s Pop Music on CD-R." Public History Review 18 (January 1, 2012): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v18i0.2249.
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In this article I explore the ‘unofficial’ (and technically illegal) compiling of marginally known 1960s pop records on Compact Disc Recordable (CD-R). I do so by situating it within the proposition by the late Raphael Samuel, that history is ‘social knowledge’ and a practice rather than a profession. I propose that this compiling activity exemplifies this proposition. The core of the paper is centred on a 2007 survey which I conducted via three on-line 1960s music enthusiast discussion forums. I draw on the sixteen responses to demonstrate how the motivations, values and intentions of those respondents engaging in the practice of CD-R compiling are historically and socially centred. In doing so, I seek to problematise the music industry’s undifferentiated condemnation of all copying as theft. I do so by showing how, far from stealing, these CD-R compilers are adding to the musical social knowledge of 1960s pop and rock music. I further situate them within a longer lineage of ‘unofficial listening’ dating back to at least the 1930s. In using the term ‘unofficial’ in both a legal and public historical sense (eg to take issue with a received narrative), I point to wider definitions of what historically has or has not been musically ‘official’ to listen to. I seek also to point to the practice of CD-R compiling as a historical ‘moment’ in technological change, which might otherwise go unremarked upon as the CD-R itself heads towards utilitarian obsolescence. Although, the issues and concepts raised in the paper can be little more than pointed to, it is hoped it might act as one platform for the historical engagement with a subject more commonly discussed in sociological terms. As public historians we should be reflexive and inter-disciplinary and it is with this mind set that this article is written.
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Vasilev, Artem I. "Selected aspects of the competitiveness of Russian universities in the digital environment." Journal Of Applied Informatics 16, no. 92 (April 30, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2021-16-2-39-46.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal, how the development of the digital environment has affected the competition and competitiveness of Russian universities. The article describes the conceptual transformation of the learning process, caused by the development of the digital environment, which led to the emergence of new competitive threats and forms of competition of Russian universities. The author reveals the industry and inter-product areas of competition implemented by Russian universities. Industry competition is the competition of producers of goods using homogeneous, interchangeable resources. In fact, this is a competition for resources between representatives of the same industry, while there may be no product competition, competition in sales. The industry competition of universities, based on constructivism, considers the digital environment as a source of various means and tools of competition. Inter-product competition is competition between substitutes from different industries, that is, between representatives of different industries-producers of products that meet the same need. Inter-product competition is a direction of university competition, which has become more acute with the emergence of MOOCs. To adequately respond to the competitive threats of the digital environment, the author suggests that universities use the principles of connectivism – a new theory of learning that reflects the digital transformation of the educational process. The availability and rapid obsolescence of knowledge in the digital age has led to the fact that knowledge is losing its socio-social value. Learning, searching, finding, understanding, and applying knowledge becomes more valuable. With the application of the principles of connectivism, universities should become more than just organizations that create knowledge and spread values and competencies. They should become part of networks and ecosystems for the dissemination of knowledge that go beyond the boundaries of the university as a separate organization. In this approach, universities develop complex relationships that combine competition and networking.
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Brown, Geoffrey. "Developing Virtual CD-ROM Collections: The Voyager Company Publications." International Journal of Digital Curation 7, no. 2 (October 23, 2012): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v7i2.226.
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Over the past 20 years, many thousands of CD-ROM titles were published; many of these have lasting cultural significance, yet present a difficult challenge for libraries due to obsolescence of the supporting software and hardware, and the consequent decline in the technical knowledge required to support them. The current trend appears to be one of abandonment – for example, the Indiana University Libraries no longer maintain machines capable of accessing early CD-ROM titles.In previous work, we proposed an access model based upon networked ‘virtual collections’ of CD-ROMs which can enable consortia of libraries to pool the technical expertise necessary to provide continued access to such materials for a geographically sparse base of patrons, who may have limited technical knowledge.In this paper, we extend this idea to CD-ROMs designed to operate on ‘classic’ Macintosh systems with an extensive case study – the catalog of the Voyager Company publications, which was the first major innovator in interactive CD-ROMs. The work described includes emulator extensions to support obsolete CD formats and to enable networked access to the virtual collection.
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Hannan, Kevin. "Understanding Language Death in Czech-Moravian Texas." Research in Language 5 (December 18, 2007): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-007-0006-2.
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Based on several decades of personal interaction with Texas speakers of Czech, the author’s article attempts to correlate social change with some specific stages of language obsolescence and language death. Many instances of language change in that community, as well as cultural and social change, may be explained by the linguistic model known as the wave theory. One hundred and fifty years passed between the introduction of Czech and the death of that language in Texas. From the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century, the Czech-Moravians represented a closed community in which individuals defined their identity primarily by the Czech language, ethnicity, and culture. In the final five decades of the twentieth century, as the social template representing Texas speakers of Czech disintegrated, spoken Czech ceased to function as a living language, and much of the ancestral culture connected with the language was lost. Today some among the elderly, described as semi-speakers, terminal speakers, or ‘‘rememberers’’ of language, retain a limited knowledge, but the ancestral language now has only a symbolic function.
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Shumskyi, Oleksandr. "The Problem of Linguistic Self-Education in World Theory and Practice (Historical and Pedagogical Aspects)." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0010.
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AbstractIn the paper it has been grounded that under the conditions of forming postindustrial epoch, which is characterised by the processes of globalisation and informatisation, there exists a social demand for the specialists who have a formed preparedness for continuous self-education, including linguistic self-instruction. This presupposes developing innovative and strategic thinking as well as realising the objective necessity of continuous enhancing of their proficiency level, which is a key factor of interaction with dynamic and changeable professional environment with rapid obsolescence of knowledge, constant technological advancement, etc. It has been proved that nowadays the role of self-education, as the instrument of forming highly-qualified professionals with sufficient knowledge of foreign languages, is always growing in different countries. Therefore, educators are continually facing the task of improving the theoretical and methodological base of teaching students to be autonomous in their studies. It has been substantiated that, in view of the principle of continuity in science, introducing any innovations into the learning process in linguistic self-education should be preceded by the profound studying of the pedagogically valuable theoretical and practical experience, gained by the previous generations of researchers. Thus, the retrospective analysis of basic historical milestones of evolving the phenomenon “linguistic self-education” has been conducted and its results have been presented in this work.
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Creager, Angela N. H. "Recipes for recombining DNA: A history of Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual." BJHS Themes 5 (2020): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2020.5.
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AbstractLaboratory instructions and recipes are sometimes edited into books with a wide circulation. Even in the late twentieth century, publications of this nature remained influential. For example, protocols from a 1980 summer course on gene cloning at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory provided the basis for a bestselling laboratory manual by Tom Maniatis, Ed Fritsch and Joe Sambrook. Not only did the Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual become a standard reference for molecular biologists (commonly called the ‘bible’), but also its recipes and clear instructions made gene cloning and recombinant DNA technologies accessible to non-specialists. Consequently, this laboratory manual contributed to the rapid spread of genetic-engineering techniques throughout the life sciences, as well as in industry. As is often the case with how-to books, however, finding a way to update methods in this rapidly changing field posed a challenge, and various molecular-biology reference books had different ways of dealing with knowledge obsolescence. This paper explores the origins of this manual, its publication history, its reception and its rivals – as well as the more recent migration of such laboratory manuals to the Internet.
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Pinedo, Christian, Marina Aguado, Igor Lopez, and Jasone Astorga. "Modelling and Simulation of ERTMS for Current and Future Mobile Technologies." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2015 (December 17, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/912417.
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Nowadays, train control in-lab simulation tools play a crucial role in reducing extensive and expensive on-site railway testing activities. In this paper, we present our contribution in this arena by detailing the internals of our European Railway Train Management System in-lab demonstrator. This demonstrator is built over a general-purpose simulation framework, Riverbed Modeler, previously Opnet Modeler. Our framework models both ERTMS subsystems, the Automatic Train Protection application layer based on movement authority message exchange and the telecommunication subsystem based on GSM-R communication technology. We provide detailed information on our modelling strategy. We also validate our simulation framework with real trace data. To conclude, under current industry migration scenario from GSM-R legacy obsolescence to IP-based heterogeneous technologies, our simulation framework represents a singular tool to railway operators. As an example, we present the assessment of related performance indicators for a specific railway network using a candidate replacement technology, LTE, versus current legacy technology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no similar initiative able to measure the impact of the telecommunication subsystem in the railway network availability.
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Babenko, Victor, and Emin Yagubov. "WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF A UNIVERSITY THROUGH A PROJECT APPROACH." Vestnik Majkopskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tehnologiceskogo Universiteta 13, no. 2 (2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2078-1024-2021-13-2-29-40.
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The problems of the quality of higher education are constantly discussed at different levels, but the cardinal changes have not occurred so far. Constantly changing standards dictated by the time and changes in the requirements of the labor market, only aggravate this position. However, the rapid obsolescence of knowledge, the need for timely and effective change in the educational process under the requirements of the market and the employer, the displacement of obsolete professions by new ones, weak basic preparation (in most cases) of school graduates require other approaches to the optimization of the educational process in universities. The article models the educational process of a university in order to identify the factors that determine its effectiveness. Ways to optimize (reengineering) this process are offered, increasing its adaptability to labor market requests and improving the efficiency of the learning process. The educational process is analyzed as a "business process", and substantiates the conclusion that in many respects the educational activity corresponds to the category of "Project". Such interpretation allows you to offer new more flexible tools for quality management of students, which meets the modern qualifications of employers and professional standards.
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Maystrenko-Vakulenko, Yuliya. "MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE RENAISSANCE ERA AND ESTABLISHMENT OF DRAWING AS AN INDEPENDENT FORM OF ART." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 28 (December 15, 2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.28.2019.109-115.
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This research makes it possible to better understand the reasons why the artistic mindset for world perception and reproduction has drastically changed during a relatively short transition from the Medieval times to the Renaissance, as well as the factors that accelerated the birth of drawing as an independent form of art and prompted the artists of those times to search for ways to picture the tridimensionality of space.Drawing originated as a tool to research the relations between an object and space, as it’s the definition of space that became perceived and imagined on a basis completely different from that of the Medieval times, thanks to scientific discoveries. The crucial change in the art of the Renaissance era: reproduction of the illusion of 3D space and depth was performed through using new mathematical knowledge. Thanks to the research of M. Kuzansky, M. Kopernik, as well as L. B. Alberti, F. Brunelleschi and other scientists, the philosophic thought of the XV century has redeemed the definition of movement, bringing it to the level of eternity: while earlier, in the Medieval tradition, movement was imagined as a sign of earthly imperfection, transience and impermanence. A person’s own view of the world gained its value. It’s exactly this energy of potential movement of the Universe that we can see all the way through drawings by artists of the High Renaissance. The Renaissance space, that has now gained tridimensionality, is imagined as cosmic and immense, with the objects in it being clusters of an energy field. This Renaissance mindset has kickstarted the birth of art academies in Western Europe, where academic drawing was essential in art education. But today requires an update to the principles of teaching. Recognition of the immediate connection between scientific discoveries and direction of development for the art of drawing (both as an independent art form and an academic subject) will make it possible to define ways for its further progression, and avoid stagnation and obsolescence of educational models. Today, drawing is still a tool of world awareness that also allows exploration of its new properties discovered by A. Einstein at the beginning of the XX century. It is also a modern science with more complex, n-dimensional capabilities.
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J. Miah, Shah, Don Kerr, and Liisa von Hellens. "A collective artefact design of decision support systems: design science research perspective." Information Technology & People 27, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-04-2012-0041.
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Purpose – The knowledge of artefact design in design science research can have an important application in the improvement of decision support systems (DSS) development research. Recent DSS literature has identified a significant need to develop user-centric DSS method for greater relevance with respect to context of use. The purpose of this paper is to develop a collective DSS design artefact as method in a practical industry context. Design/methodology/approach – Under the influence of goal-directed interaction design principles the study outlines the innovative DSS artefact based on design science methodology to deliver a cutting-edge decision support solution, which provides user-centric provisions through the use of design environment and ontology techniques. Findings – The DSS artefact as collective information technology applications through the application of design science knowledge can effectively be designed to meet decision makers’ contextual needs in an agricultural industry context. Research limitations/implications – The study has limitations in that it was developed in a case study context and remains to be fully tested in a real business context. It is also assumed that the domain decisions can be parameterised and represented using a constraint programming language. Practical implications – The paper concludes that the DSS artefact design and this development successfully overcomes some of the limitations of traditional DSS such as low-user uptake, system obsolescence, low returns on investment and a requirement for continual re-engineering effort. Social implications – The design artefact has the potential of increasing user uptake in an industry that has had relevancy problems with past DSS implementation and has experienced associated poor uptake. Originality/value – The design science paradigm provides structural guidance throughout the defined process, helping ensure fidelity both to best industry knowledge and to changing user contexts.
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Щеглова, Людмила, Lyudmila Shcheglova, Наталья Саенко, and Natalya Saenko. "Teaching resources of art cinema in the context of teaching the Humanities in the contemporary universities." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 10, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23575.
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The article settles the task of the research and testing of new effective forms of development of humanitarian knowledge. Such cinema technologies are the film seminar, interactive lectures, video seminars, prepared discus- sion on the film, etc. Authors analyze humanitarian and moral sphere of man and society through analysis of cultural and moral determinants, reflected in the works of cinema. The relevance of the article is determined with the obvious crisis of the institutional forms which still develop the fundamental cultural and philosophical education, and which leads to the obsolescence of the translation forms of generalized knowledge. The authors believe that the intensification of the modernization process of the forms of humanitarian knowledge development will contribute to more efficient formation of common cultural and professional competences of future specialists. Outdated knowledge paradigm is supplanted by a system of methods of students’ creative abilities activation. In the broad context of culture visualization the perception of the thematic blocks of the various Humanities disciplines through active viewing and interpretation of movie passes effectively. Film seminar provides an opportunity to convey educational material in the form of an artistic image; to see the diversity of social and cultural explication of the ideas and values of modernity. The Central concept of the article is built around the creation of new forms of presentation of the lecture material and practical training, which must be problematic and must have the search character to develop the students’ mental activity, to form their cultural competence. The aim of the article is to study and disclosure of the volume meaning and the functional versatility of the cinematic image in the context of the development of the content of the Humanities in higher education. Scientific novelty of the article is opened in the integrative nature of the study. Simultaneously the authors consider, classify, and formulate in the form of methodical recommen- dations: 1) the variety of interpretive practices in the process of understanding the film text; 2) the ability of the cinematic image to accumulate and transmit knowledge about culture, society and man; 3) specific procedures for mastering humanitarian knowledge in the context of global imaging culture.
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Macedo, Miguel, Jorge de Brito, Ana Silva, and Carlos Oliveira Cruz. "Design of an Insurance Policy Model Applied to Natural Stone Facade Claddings." Buildings 9, no. 5 (May 4, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050111.
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The insurance market deliberately excludes the buildings’ envelope from their insurance policies, neglecting all the damage that can be caused by the degradation process or ageing of the materials. This stance is mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. Even though the building and its elements are the most valuable asset of any owner, most often homeowners do not adopt effective preventive measures to mitigate the deterioration and obsolescence of their assets. This study proposes an innovative methodology for the design of insurance policies for buildings’ envelopes, applied to natural stone facade claddings. The insurance product is defined based on deterministic and stochastic service life prediction models, established through the past degradation history of 142 natural stone claddings analyzed in service conditions in Portugal. Single-parameter (only analyzing the cladding’s age) and multiparameter (encompassing the relevant variables) models are applied in the calculation of the insurance premium. The expected claims are related with the performance of maintenance actions and established according to three degradation levels. The results obtained reveal that an increased knowledge about the insured cladding leads to a reduction of the risk margin and consequently, to a lower annual value of commercial premium paid by a household. This study proposes an innovative solution for tailoring the insurance products, in terms of the risk of failure of the buildings components, as well as the financial charges related with the maintenance of these elements, channeling the risks to the market.
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Закиева, Р., and R. Zakieva. "Retraining and Advanced Training of Employees and Specialists." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ce3bbb273f882.29061182.
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Personnel training is one of the key conditions for the successful functioning of any organization. This has become especially important in the modern world, when an increase in the pace of development of scientific and technological progress greatly accelerates the process of obsolescence of professional knowledge and skills. The contradiction of the qualifications of employees to the needs of the company is negatively manifested in the results of its activities. The growing sense of vocational training for the organization and a noticeable increase in the need for it over the past forty years have shown that the first companies in the market have taken up the improvement of the skills of their employees. Preparation of the implementation of vocational training has become the leading direction of personnel management, and the cost of it is the highest (after wages) in the list of expenses of many companies. Professional development is the process of equipping an employee with the knowledge to perform assigned tasks, new production functions, to obtain new positions, without the difficult solution of new tasks. In huge multinational corporations there are special professional development departments, managed by a manager with the rank of director or vice president, which emphasizes their great importance to the company. The need for professional development for current organizations is also described by the fact that the motives in this border are drawn up into personal plans (from the implementation of which the employee’s earnings are proportionally calculated) by the heads of most corporations: presidents, regional vicepresidents, directors of national companies