Relevant bibliographies by topics / Obstructed labour

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Obstructed labour'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Obstructed labour"

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Neilson, JP, T. Lavender, S. Quenby, and S. Wray. "Obstructed labour." British Medical Bulletin 67, no. 1 (2003): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg018.

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Xess, Somila, and Shipra Shrivastava. "Role of fetal craniotomy in modern day obstetrics: case series." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 4 (2019): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191241.

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Although obstructed labor in vanished from the western world where the destructive operations are obsolete and not needed, in developing countries like India obstructed labor with dead fetus and severe infection is a sad reality, and destructive operations are an essential part of obstetric practice and cannot be wished away. In many situations they should be a preferred option to cesarean delivery which needs much better facilities and greater morbidity. Here authors present a case series of three patients who reported with obstructed labour and IUFD. Fetal craniotomy was done and thus maternal morbidity reduced. Craniotomy offers less postpartum morbidity, lesser expertise and resources and therefore better in cases presenting with obstructed labour and dead baby in developing countries.
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Nwogu-Ikojo, E. E., S. O. Nweze, and H. U. Ezegwui. "Obstructed labour in Enugu, Nigeria." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 28, no. 6 (2008): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610802281682.

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Chhabra, Deepa Gandhi, Meenakshi Ja, S. "Obstructed labour - a preventable entity." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 20, no. 2 (2000): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610062913.

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Roa, Lina, Luke Caddell, Gabriel Ganyaglo, et al. "Toward a complete estimate of physical and psychosocial morbidity from prolonged obstructed labour: a modelling study based on clinician survey." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 7 (2020): e002520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002520.

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IntroductionProlonged obstructed labour often results from lack of access to timely obstetrical care and affects millions of women. Current burden of disease estimates do not include all the physical and psychosocial sequelae from prolonged obstructed labour. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the full spectrum of maternal and newborn comorbidities, and create a more comprehensive burden of disease model.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey of clinicians and epidemiological modelling of the burden of disease. A survey to estimate prevalence of prolonged obstructed labour comorbidities was developed for prevalence estimates of 27 comorbidities across seven categories associated with prolonged obstructed labour. The survey was electronically distributed to clinicians caring for women who have suffered from prolonged obstructed labour in Asia and Africa. Prevalence estimates of the sequelae were used to calculate years lost to disability for reproductive age women (15 to 49 years) in 54 low- and middle-income countries that report any prevalence of obstetric fistula.ResultsPrevalence estimates were obtained from 132 participants. The median prevalence of reported sequelae within each category were: fistula (6.67% to 23.98%), pelvic floor (6.53% to 8.60%), genitourinary (5.74% to 9.57%), musculoskeletal (6.04% to 11.28%), infectious/inflammatory (5.33% to 9.62%), psychological (7.25% to 24.10%), neonatal (13.63% to 66.41%) and social (38.54% to 59.88%). The expanded methodology calculated a burden of morbidity associated with prolonged obstructed labour among women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years old) in 2017 that is 38% more than the previous estimates.ConclusionsThis analysis provides estimates on the prevalence of physical and psychosocial consequences of prolonged obstructed labour. Our study suggests that the burden of disease resulting from prolonged obstructed labour is currently underestimated. Notably, women who suffer from prolonged obstructed labour have a high prevalence of psychosocial sequelae but these are often not included in burden of disease estimates. In addition to preventative and public health measures, high quality surgical and anaesthesia care are urgently needed to prevent prolonged obstructed labour and its sequelae.
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Ranjana and Anjana Sinha. "Incidence, causes and feto-maternal outcomes of obstructed labour in a tertiary health care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 7 (2017): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172558.

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Background: Obstructed labour is one of the most common preventable cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study was undertaken to assess the incidence, causes and feto-maternal outcomes of obstructed labour.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India over a period of one year from February 2012 to February 2013. The 228 patients diagnosed to have obstructed labour were studied.Results: Out of 2556 deliveries conducted during this period, 228 cases of obstructed labour were found constituting an incidence of 8.9%. Majority of the patients were unbooked (89.47%), between 21-30 years of age (90.35%) and with parity 3 or more. The most common cause of obstructed labour was malposition (45.61%) followed by cephalopelvic disproportion (43.85%) and malpresentation (8.7%). caesarean section was the most common mode of delivery. In 21.92% of cases ruptured uterus was diagnosed pre-operatively among which, 2.63% has scar rupture and in remaining cases rupture was in unscarred uterus due to obstructed labour diagnosed intra-operatively. PPH was seen intra-operatively in 17.54% of cases and bladder trauma in 3.5% of cases. Most common post-operative complications were paralytic ileus (52.6%) followed by severe anaemia (48.2%) and infections (23.68%). Only 0.8% patients developed vesico-vaginal fistula as a late sequela of obstructed labour. The maternal mortality was 3.5% and perinatal mortality was 39%.Conclusions: In present study, the incidence of obstructed labour is very high. Good antenatal care, education of primary health care providers and traditional birth attendants on dangers of obstructed labour and the need for early referral is suggested to reduce the incidence of this condition.
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Yakubu, Ahmed, Tukur Dabo Sagir, Abubakar A. Panti, et al. "Obstructed labour at Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital Sokoto: a five-year review." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 4 (2020): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201213.

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Background: Obstructed labour is an obstetric emergency and one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, causes and feto-maternal outcome of cases of obstructed labour managed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from 1st January, 2014 to 31st December, 2018.Methods: This was a retrospective review of all cases of obstructed labour managed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto over 5 years. List of cases managed during the study period was obtained and case notes were retrieved. Relevant information such as age, booking status, parity, educational status, address, causes, mode of delivery and both maternal and foetal outcomes were obtained from the case notes. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Results: A total two hundred and seventy-six cases of obstructed labour were managed out of the 15,452 total deliveries during the study period. This gives an obstructed labour prevalence of 1.79%. The major cause of obstructed labour identified in this study was Cephalopelvic disproportion (74.6%) and majority of the patients were delivered by emergency lower segment caesarean section (70.6%). Up to 32.3% of the patients had no maternal complications and also 42.3% of them had live birth with no fetal complication. However, 20.2% of these patients had ruptured uterus and 37.9% of them had still birth, while 19.8% had live birth complicated by birth asphyxia.Conclusions: This study has found that obstructed labour resulted in adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. Hence, there is need to prevent obstructed labour in order to avert this consequence.
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Khatun, Jamila, and Khudeja Khanom. "Obstructe d Labour: A Life Threatening Complication." Medicine Today 29, no. 1 (2017): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v29i1.33852.

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Obstructed labour is an important cause of maternal death in developing countries. Obstructed labour also causes significant maternal morbidity mainly due to infection and hemorrhage and foetal death from asphyxia is also common. Objectives are to reduce maternal and newborn complications by early detection and rapid interventions and to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This Hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to June 2014 in Sylhet, MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital. 100 obstructed labour cases were selected those who were admitted in Inpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SOMCH. 100 obstructed labour cases were recorded. The majority (80%) were residents of rural areas in which transportation were difficult, the occupation of the women were housewives mostly (90%) and remaining (10%) were tea-garden worker.75% of the obstructed labour cases did not have any ante-natal follow-up. Most of the cases (70%) were visited Osmani Medical College Hospital by their attendant. 70% Visited at 12-24 hours of labour, (80%) came from a distance of 10-50 kilometers. Cepholo-pelvic disproportion was the major cause of obstructed labour (78%) and cesarean section was the main way of delivery (95%). PPH (4%), puerperal sepsis (4%), rupture uterus (2%), VVF (2%), rupture uterus with shock (1%), were the main complications and maternal death (1%). Obstructed labour was the major causes of poor perinatal outcome and perinatal death (7%). This study revealed high incidence of maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(1): 12-14
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Shaikh, Shahida, AH Shaikh, SAH Shaikh, and B. Isran. "Frequency of Obstructed Labor in Teenage Pregnancy." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, no. 1 (2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i1.8834.

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Aims: Teenage pregnancy has globally recognized as high risk pregnancy. Under grown pelvic bones at delivery pose greater risk of obstructed labour in such young girls resulting in poor feto-maternal outcome. Objective of this study was to determine the frequency of obstructed labor in teenage pregnancy and to know fetomaternal outcome. Methods: This Cross Sectional Observational study was conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology unit I and II, Shaikh Zyed Women Hospital Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana Sindh Pakistan from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. 468 women admitted with obstructed labour of all age groups, out of these which 257 patients were teenage mothers. Patients selected after fulfilling selection criteria. Obstructed labour in teenage patients wasdiagnosed on the basis of history of prolonged labour and clinical presentation. Demographical characteristics noted. Mode of the delivery and fetomaternal outcome was observed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. 12 version. Results: Total deliveries in both units during study period were 9000. Among them 468(5.2%) patients found to have obstructed labour. Out of these 257(2.85% of total) patients were teenagers.. 82% (210) teengers were non booked and admitted in emergency while only 18 %(47) came through OPD having a single visit. Mean age was 16±2 years and parity was 2±1.5.Mode of delivery was LSCS in 84% (214) ,assisted vaginal delivery in 12% (32) and 4% (11)had spontaneous delivery with episiotomy. Cephalopelvic disproportion remained the commonest reason of obstruction (66%). 1.94% (5) of patients died of septicemia .PPH seen in 41% (105),1.1% (3) had scar dehiscence due to prolonged trial by untrained birth attendant.1.94% (5) patients developed vesicovaginal fistula later on. Perinatal mortality was around 54.6% (142) while 44.75 % (115) babies born alive. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnant women not only face pregnancy related problem but also they are prone to have obstructed labour due to their developing pelvic bones. Obstructed labour is one of the most common and preventable causes of maternal and perinatal deaths and disabilities. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 1 / Issue 13 / Jan- June, 2012 / 37-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i1.8834
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Ubom, Akaninyene Eseme, Omotade Adebimpe Ijarotimi, Ifeoluwa Emmanuel Ogunduyile, et al. "Obstructed labour in a Nigerian tertiary health facility: a mixed-method study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 8 (2021): 2937. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212937.

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Background: Obstructed labour remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the incidence, causes, complications and outcomes of obstructed labour at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun state, Nigeria.Methods: A mixed methods approach was employed for this study. A 10-year retrospective review of all cases of obstructed labour managed at the OAUTHC, between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, was done. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted for some selected patients. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 24, while the qualitative data was analyzed with NVivo version 12.Results: The incidence of obstructed labour was 1.99%. Most of the patients were unbooked (217, 90.4%), primigravid (138, 57.5%), and either had no formal or only primary/secondary education (120, 50%). Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) was the commonest cause of obstructed labour (227, 94.6%). The most common maternal complication was wound infection (48, 20%). There were three maternal deaths, giving a case fatality rate of 1.25%. The most common foetal complication was birth asphyxia (85, 34.7%). The perinatal mortality rate was 18.8 %. From the qualitative arm of the study, reasons given by parturients who suffered obstructed labour, for avoiding hospitals for delivery, included religion, finance, fear of hospitals, faith/belief in mission homes/maternity houses, and proximity.Conclusions: Obstructed labour remains an important obstetric problem in our environment, contributing significantly to the burden of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Obstructed labour"

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Nestel, Sheryl. "Obstructed labour, race and gender in the re-emergence of midwifery in Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ54241.pdf.

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Muia, Catherine Mwikali. "Women's perceptions and experiences of post-operative physiotherapy management at an Obstetric Fistula Center in Eldoret, Kenya." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6301.

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Masters of Science - Msc (Physiotherapy)<br>Post-operative physiotherapy plays a vital role in the management of patients with incontinence in order to optimise the outcome of obstetric fistula surgery. Women who suffer residual urinary incontinence continue to experience shame, social isolation and institutional rejection. Incontinence continues to impair them leading to lower levels of role participation and restriction in most activities. Gynocare Fistula Center, Eldoret, receives a number of referrals for women with obstetric fistula requiring surgical and physiotherapy care. Many studies have focused on the determinants of surgical outcomes and social reintegration but none have focused on woman's perceptions and experiences with postoperative physiotherapy. While continence is not always achieved immediately after surgery, this study was designed to explore women's perceptions and experience of postoperative physiotherapy management at an obstetric fistula center in Eldoret,Kenya. Participants were then asked about their experiences and related perceptions and perceived challenges regarding the physiotherapy service following discharge from the Center. An explorative qualitative method was used to explore the women's perceptions and experiences of the post-operative physiotherapy management, as well as their perceived challenges regarding access to physiotherapy post discharge.
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Mgaya, Andrew Hans. "Improving the quality of caesarean section in a low-resource setting : An intervention by criteria-based audit at a tertiary hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319192.

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A sharp increase in caesarean section (CS) rates at the Muhimbili National Referral Hospital (MNH) – a tertiary referral hospital in Tanzania – by 50% in 2000–2011, was associated with concomitant increase in maternal complications and deaths and inconsistent improvement in newborn outcomes. The aims of this thesis were to explore care providers’ in-depth perspective of the reasons for these high rates of CS, and to evaluate and improve standards of care for the most common indica-tions of CS, obstructed labour and fetal distress, which are also major causes of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This thesis reports an investigation performed at MNH, Tanzania. For Paper I, qualitative methods were employed and demonstrated how care providers dismissed their responsibility for the rising CS rate; and, instead, projected the causes onto factors beyond their control. Additionally, dysfunctinal teamwork, transparency, and previous poorly conducted clinical audits led to fear of blame among care providers in cases of poor outcome that subsequently encougared defensive practise by assigning unnecessary CS. Papers II and III evaluated stand-ards of care using a criteria-based audit (CBA) of obstructed labour and fetal dis-tress. After implementing audit-feedback recommendations, the standards of diag-nosis of fetal distress improved by 16% and obstructed labour by 7%. Similarly, the standards of management preceding CS improved tenfold for fetal distress and doubled for obstructed labour. The impact of the CBA process was evaluated by comparing the maternal and perinatal outcomes categorized into Robson groups (Paper IV) of all deliveries occurring before and after the audit process (n=27,960). After the CBA process, there was a 50% risk reduction of severe perinatal morbidi-ty/mortality for patients with obstructed labour. The overall CS rates increased by 10%, and this was attributed to an increase in the CS rate among breech, term preg-nancies (Robson group 6), and preterm pregnancies (Robson group 10) that specifi-cally had reduced risk of poor perinatal outcome. The overall neonatal distress rates were also reduced by 20%, and this was attributed to a decrease in the neonatal distress rate among low-risk, term pregnancies (Robson group 3). Importantly, the increased rates of poor perinatal outcomes were associated with referred patients that had higher risk of neonatal distress and PMR than non–referred patients, after CBA process.  In conclusion, the studies managed to educate the care providers to take on their roles as decision-makers and medical experts to minimize unnecessary CS, using the available resources. Care providers’ commitment to achieve the best practice should be sustained and effort for stepwise upgrading quality of obstetric care should be supported by the hospital management from the primary to tertiary referral level.
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Kip, Johannes Pieter. "The prevalence of obstructed labour among pregnant women at a selected hospital, west Wollega, Ethiopia." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13258.

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Obstructed labour contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality among both mothers and babies in Ethiopia nationwide, and also in the West-Wollega region where this study was conducted. The researcher used a retrospective hospital based review of maternity files to quantify the problem of obstructed labour in the selected hospital. The findings revealed that maternal and perinatal mortality due to obstructed labour amounted to 1.4% and 7.5% respectively. Most of these complications could be prevented by proper antenatal care and careful attentive monitoring during delivery with proper use of the partogram which will indicate the occurrence of complications in good time when successful and life saving interventions are still available. The findings clearly show that poor documentation in general and very sporadic usage of the partogram in particular contributes significantly to the complications for mother and child. Re-introduction of proper documentation and careful use of the partogram are advocated<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Public Health)
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Books on the topic "Obstructed labour"

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Obstructed labour: Race and gender in the re-emergence of midwifery. UBC Press, 2006.

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Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme. and World Health Organization. Division of Family and Reproductive Health., eds. Obstructed labour module. World Health Organization, 1996.

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Nestel, Sheryl. Obstructed Labour: Race and Gender in the Re-Emergence of Midwifery. UBC Press, 2007.

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Nestel, Sheryl. Obstructed Labour: Race And Gender in the Re-Emergence of Midwifery. University of British Columbia Press, 2006.

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Nestel, Sheryl A. Obstructed labour: Race and gender in the re-emergence of midwifery in Ontario. 2000.

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Devlieger, Roland, and Maria-Elisabeth Smet. Obstetric management of labour, delivery, and vaginal birth after caesarean delivery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0012.

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This chapter describes the events surrounding normal and abnormal labour and delivery with particular relevance to the anaesthetist. The first two sections explain the course of a normal labour, delivery, and third stage. Subsequently attention is paid to obstructed labour, delivery, and prolonged third stage. Since induction of labour has become common practice in many pathological conditions, several methods of induction and their complications are then discussed. Next, some basic knowledge about intrapartum fetal monitoring is presented, followed by some specific and potentially complicated situations such as shoulder dystocia, operative vaginal delivery, caesarean delivery, breech delivery, twin birth, and vaginal birth after previous caesarean delivery.
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Book chapters on the topic "Obstructed labour"

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Pomeroy, Emma, Jonathan C. K. Wells, and Jay T. Stock. "Obstructed Labour: The Classic Obstetric Dilemma and Beyond." In Evolutionary Thinking in Medicine. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29716-3_3.

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Brown, I. M. "Management of Obstructed Labour and Uterine Rupture in the Multipara." In Gynecology and Obstetrics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70559-5_92.

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Samara, Georges, and Jessica Terzian. "Challenges and Opportunities for Digital Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries." In Digital Entrepreneurship. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6_14.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the obstacles and opportunities that digital entrepreneurs encounter when they operate in developing countries. Drawing on the varieties of institutional systems framework and on three interviews (two digital entrepreneurs and one consultant), this chapter chalks out the idiosyncratic challenges and opportunities for digital entrepreneurs operating in a developing context. Our findings indicate that digital entrepreneurs face a weak institutional infrastructure and an environment characterized by corruption that obstructs their operations. These weak infrastructures result in the inaccessibility to necessary start-up funds, the lack of policies and regulations that protect and support e-commerce, a weak digital infrastructure, and to a deficiency in digitally competent and experienced labor capital. At the same time, our findings indicate some opportunities stemming from the unique institutional setting in which digital entrepreneurs operate. The opportunities translate into the use of family wealth as a source of start-up financial capital, the use of personal connections as a source of social and human capital, and the rising education on digital entrepreneurship and its benefits. We conclude with some suggestions to improve the current institutional infrastructure for digital entrepreneurs in developing countries.
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Nagrath, Arun, and Manjula Singh. "Obstructed Labour." In Practical Management of Labour. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10651_7.

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Indrani, TK. "Obstructed Labour." In Domiciliary Care in Midwifery. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10225_4.

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Jacob, Annamma. "Obstructed Labour." In Manual of Midwifery. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10473_75.

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Domini, Erik, Sara Guazzini, Monica Guidi, and Stefano Vicentini. "Obstructed Labour Injury Complex." In The Caesarean Section. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13065_26.

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Mishra, Jagdishwari, and Abha Sinha. "Obstructed Labour in Modern Obstetrics." In The Uterus Manual. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10984_7.

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Murphy, Deirdre J. "Malpresentation, malposition, and cephalopelvic disproportion." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0032.

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Normal labour involves an appropriate-sized fetus in a vertex presentation with a well-flexed head that descends and rotates within the maternal pelvis in response to uterine contractions, delivering in an occipitoanterior position. Abnormal labour occurs when any one or a combination of these factors deviates from normal. It may involve a malpresentation (e.g. face, brow, or breech), a malposition (e.g. occipitoposterior), or cephalopelvic disproportion. The consequences include prolonged labour, obstructed labour, operative vaginal delivery, or caesarean section. Appropriate management requires expertise in clinical assessment, decision-making, and the technical and non-technical skills of operative delivery. A systematic approach is required including an awareness of risk factors for abnormal labour, early identification of deviations from normal, use of preventative strategies where possible, and appropriate intervention when necessary. Good teamwork and clear communication between midwives and obstetricians is essential within a labour ward setting. Timely transfer may be required in a homebirth setting. Particular skills are required in low-resource settings where obstructed labour may be advanced at the time of presentation.
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"Complications of Pregnancy." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4357-3.ch005.

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Although the majority of pregnancies are uneventful, sometimes complications do happen. Pregnancy complications are the conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They can involve the mother's health, the baby's health, or both. Complication of pregnancy can cause maternal morbidity and mortality. The most common causes of maternal mortality are maternal bleeding, maternal sepsis, hypertensive disease, obstructed labour, and pregnancy with the consequence of abortion, which includes miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and medical abortion. The primary means of preventing maternal deaths is to provide rapid access to emergency obstetric care, including treatment of haemorrhage, infection, hypertension, and obstructed labour. Proper antenatal care can reduce the maternal mortality rate by reducing the number of pregnancies among women of reproductive age. Thus, adequate monitoring and appropriate intervention strategies should be provided for better maternal and fetal outcome.
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Conference papers on the topic "Obstructed labour"

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Burleson, Grace, Brian Butcher, Brianna Goodwin, and Kendra Sharp. "Assisting Economic Opportunity for Women Through Appropriate Engineering Design of a Soap-Making Process in Uganda." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59715.

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TERREWODE, a non-governmental organization in Uganda, works to eradicate obstetric fistula in local communities and provide income-generating skills training to the affected women. Obstetric fistula is a traumatic childbirth injury caused by prolonged, obstructed labor and delayed intervention. The condition is preventable with proper medical attention, however, in rural areas women who suffer from the condition are typically disowned from their families and communities [1]. As part of their social reintegration program, TERREWODE provides training for women post-treatment in multiple income-generating skill areas; jewelry making, baking, cooking, sewing, and buying/selling produce. The soap-making idea originated within TERREWODE itself and is intended to create an income stream for the women participating. The scope of this senior capstone project, in collaboration with several organizations, is to increase efficiency, reliability, and repeatability of the soap-making process and explore potential avenues for powering the system in an off-grid setting. A weighted-design matrix was used to make engineering decisions throughout the project. The two primary engineering aspects of this project were the selection of soap-making process (hot vs. cold) and the selection of a mixing device and powering unit. Understanding of appropriate manufacturing technologies in Uganda was necessary as all materials and tools needed to be locally available for success for the project. The hot process requires maintaining the soap mixture at a constant temperature for roughly two hours or until the gel phase occurs. This process allows for a short curing time, permitting the soap to be ready for use sooner. Opposing this, the cold process requires little cook time but a lengthy curing time. Experimental data showed that maintaining a consistent temperature over an extended period of time while using a cookstove is nearly impossible, even in a controlled lab environment. The cold process was selected as a better suited solution for manufacturing due to field conditions and available resources. A mixing device is crucial to the soap-making process. Due to the unreliability of grid-based electricity in the region, the team considered both a human-powered mixing solution and a solar-powered mixing solution [2]. TERREWODE leadership steered the team away from creating a human powered bike mixer for fear of discouraging women to participate, due to potential health and comfort issues. The team selected a solar powered system and has tested a U.S. manufactured prototype. The ultimate goal of this soap-making project is to provide an opportunity for victims and survivors of obstetric fistula to earn a livelihood. The work done by the Oregon State (OSU) mechanical engineering design team, in conjunction with the OSU Anthropology department, University of Oregon College of Business, several private artists and entrepreneurs, and TERREWODE, will provide potential improvements to the process and implementation plan to more effectively and economically create soap.
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