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Journal articles on the topic 'Obstructive sleep apneas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Orr, William C., Monte L. Stahl, James Duke, et al. "Effect of Sleep State and Position on the Incidence of Obstructive and Central Apnea in Infants." Pediatrics 75, no. 5 (1985): 832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.5.832.

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Sixty-four infants with a history of apnea were studied to determine the effects of sleeping position and sleep state (rapid eye movement [REM]) v (nonrapid eye movement [NREM]) on the occurrence of central and obstructive apneas. All-night polysomnographic studies were conducted on each infant, and the spontaneous occurrence of central and obstructive apneic events was determined in the prone, supine, and side positions. Sleeping position did not significantly affect the rate or duration of central or obstructive apneas. Furthermore, neither central nor obstructive apneic episodes were signif

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Matteoli, Gabriele, Sara Alvente, Chiara Berteotti, et al. "Detection of central and obstructive sleep apneas in mice: A new surgical and recording protocol." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0320650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320650.

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Sleep apnea is a common respiratory disorder in humans and consists of recurrent episodes of cessation of breathing or decrease in airflow during sleep. Sleep apnea can be classified as central or obstructive, based on its origin. Central sleep apnea results from an impaired transmission of the signal for inspiration from the brain to inspiratory muscles, while obstructive sleep apnea occurs in the presence of an obstruction of the upper airways during inspiration. This condition leads to repetitive episodes of reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream, which entail

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3

Khan, Muhammad Talha, and Rose Amy Franco. "Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome." Sleep Disorders 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/798487.

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Complex sleep apnea is the term used to describe a form of sleep disordered breathing in which repeated central apneas (>5/hour) persist or emerge when obstructive events are extinguished with positive airway pressure (PAP) and for which there is not a clear cause for the central apneas such as narcotics or systolic heart failure. The driving forces in the pathophysiology are felt to be ventilator instability associated oscillation in PaCO2arterial partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide, continuous cositive airway pressure (CPAP) related increased CO2carbon dioxide elimination, and activation o

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Basner, R. C., E. Onal, D. W. Carley, E. J. Stepanski, and M. Lopata. "Effect of induced transient arousal on obstructive apnea duration." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 4 (1995): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.4.1469.

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Six untreated male patients (age 19–55 yr) with obstructive sleep apnea underwent nocturnal polysomnography with acoustic stimulation to determine the effect of transient arousal on obstructive apneas during sleep. Binaural tone bursts (25–95 dB) were delivered in late expiration during the second obstructive apnea of a cycle consisting of four consecutive apneas. For the group, stimulated apneas were significantly shorter (P < 0.05, Fisher's protected least significant difference test) than were the unstimulated apneas when transient electrocortical arousal was elicited in both non-rapid-e

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Fairbanks, David W., and David N. F. Fairbanks. "Neurostimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Investigations." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 72, no. 1 (1993): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139307200111.

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Neurostimulation of the upper airway muscles (accessory muscles of respiration) was accomplished in anesthetized dogs and sleeping humans by electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerves. Such stimulations relieved partial airway obstructions in dogs. They also aborted (shortened) obstructive sleep apnea events in humans who suffer with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In one subject, stimulations delivered in advance of apneic events (by automatic cycling) prevented apneas. Neurostimulation for obstructive sleep apnea may be an important concept for future research and development.

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Nouraddin, Nouraddin, and Louella Amos. "844 Pediatric Vagus Nerve Stimulator-Induced Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A328—A329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.841.

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Abstract Introduction Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunct treatment for seizures refractory to medications. VNS in children with epilepsy can reduce seizures by up to 90%. VNS settings include stimulation on-time, off-time, frequency and output current. Complications of VNS include sleep-disordered breathing due to laryngopharyngeal dysfunction, which can also cause voice alteration, hoarseness, and cough. Both obstructive apneas (more common) and central apneas can be seen in those patients who have VNS-induced sleep-disordered breathing. Report of case(s) A 14-year-old male with Lenn

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Bernards, Christopher M., Susan L. Knowlton, Douglas F. Schmidt, et al. "Respiratory and Sleep Effects of Remifentanil in Volunteers with Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Anesthesiology 110, no. 1 (2009): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318190b501.

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Background There is concern that opioid-based analgesia will worsen sleep-related respiratory insufficiency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), resulting in serious morbidity or mortality. However, there are no studies that directly address the merit of this concern. Consequently, the authors designed this study as the first prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of opioid pharmacology in patients with documented OSA. Methods Patients (n = 19) with moderate OSA documented by polysomnography (sleep study) were randomized to undergo an additional sleep study whil

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Insalaco, G., S. T. Kuna, G. Catania, et al. "Thyroarytenoid muscle activity in sleep apneas." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 2 (1993): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.2.704.

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In normal subjects the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA), a vocal cord adductor, has phasic expiratory activity during wakefulness that disappears during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. Fiber-optic studies have reported absent or irregular vocal cord movements during obstructive apneas and vocal cord adduction during central apneas. This study was designed to investigate TA activity during NREM sleep in 14 subjects with sleep apnea by means of intramuscular wire electrodes. During central apneas, which were recorded in three subjects, continuous TA activity was observed. During obstructive apnea

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9

Vaartjes, Martin, Rob L. M. Strijers, and Nico de Vries. "Posterior Nasal Packing and Sleep Apnea." American Journal of Rhinology 6, no. 2 (1992): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065892781874784.

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Posterior nasal packing has been reported to be associated with cardiorespiratory complications and, occasionally, with sudden death. To study the rate and incidence of sleep apnea, between October 1989 and September 1990 polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 10 patients who were treated for severe epistaxis with posterior nasal packing. Of these 10 patients, three had obstructive apneas, one had central apneas, and four had a combination of central and/or obstructive and mixed apneas. One patient had no apneas, and one was unable to sleep during PSG. In six patients, PSG was repeated a few m

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Davis, Eric M., Landon W. Locke, Angela L. McDowell, Patrick J. Strollo, and Christopher P. O'Donnell. "Obesity accentuates circadian variability in breathing during sleep in mice but does not predispose to apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 4 (2013): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00330.2013.

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Obesity is a primary risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea in humans, but the impact of obesity on central sleep apnea is less clear. Given the comorbidities associated with obesity in humans, we developed techniques for long-term recording of diaphragmatic EMG activity and polysomnography in obese mice to assess breathing patterns during sleep and to determine the effect of obesity on apnea generation. We hypothesized that genetically obese ob/ob mice would exhibit less variability in breathing across the 24-h circadian cycle, be more prone to central apneas, and be more

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Magalang, Ulysses, Brendan Keenan, Bethany Staley, et al. "398 Agreement and reliability of a new respiratory event and arousal detection algorithm against multiple human scorers." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.397.

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Abstract Introduction Scoring algorithms have the potential to increase polysomnography (PSG) scoring efficiency while also ensuring consistency and reproducibility. We sought to validate an updated event detection algorithm (Somnolyzer; Philips, Monroeville PA USA) against manual scoring, by analyzing a dataset we have previously used to report scoring variability across nine center-members of the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium (SAGIC). Methods Fifteen PSGs collected at a single sleep clinic were scored independently by technologists at nine SAGIC centers located in six count

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Ringler, J., R. C. Basner, R. Shannon, et al. "Hypoxemia alone does not explain blood pressure elevations after obstructive apneas." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 6 (1990): 2143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.6.2143.

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In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), substantial elevations of systemic blood pressure (BP) and depressions of oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) accompany apnea termination. The causes of the BP elevations, which contribute significantly to nocturnal hypertension in OSA, have not been defined precisely. To assess the relative contribution of arterial hypoxemia, we observed mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes following obstructive apneas in 11 OSA patients during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and then under three experimental conditions: 1) apnea with O2 supplementation; 2) hypo

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Moscoso-Barrera, William D., Elena Urrestarazu, Manuel Alegre, et al. "Simple and Autonomous Sleep Signal Processing System for the Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apneas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (2022): 6934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116934.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by repetitive upper airway obstruction, intermittent hypoxemia, and recurrent awakenings during sleep. The most used treatment for this syndrome is a device that generates a positive airway pressure—Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), but it works continuously, whether or not there is apnea. An alternative consists on systems that detect apnea episodes and produce a stimulus that eliminates them. Article focuses on the development of a simple and autonomous processing system for the detection of obstructive sleep ap

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Delgado Juan, Ivonne, and Lic Isvel Perón Carmenates. "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT Research 15, no. 2 (2023): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/joentr.2023.15.00533.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a frequent, chronic and progressive disorder. It is associated with increased cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and metabolic morbidity, risk of accidents, poor quality of life, and increased mortality. It affects 5% of the adult population, mainly men, and 2% of children between 4 and 5 years of age. Diagnosis is based on suspicion and joint evaluation of the clinical picture with appropriate confirmatory nocturnal studies such as polysomnography. The treatment has two fundamental objectives: to eliminate the respiratory obstruction and, ther

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15

Suratt, P. M., R. McTier, and S. C. Wilhoit. "Alae nasi electromyographic activity and timing in obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 4 (1985): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.4.1252.

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The alae nasi is an accessible dilator muscle of the upper airway located in the nose. We measured electromyograms (EMG) of the alae nasi to determine the relationship between their activity and timing to contraction of the rib cage muscles and diaphragm during obstructive apnea in nine patients. Alae nasi EMG were measured with surface electrodes and processed to obtain a moving time average. Contraction of the rib cage and diaphragm during apneas was detected with esophageal pressure. During non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, there was a significant correlation in each patient between alae

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16

Kahn, André, José Groswasser, Martin Sottiaux, et al. "Prenatal Exposure to Cigarettes in Infants With Obstructive Sleep Apneas." Pediatrics 93, no. 5 (1994): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.5.778.

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Objective. To investigate the effect of prenatal smoking on infant respiratory behavior during sleep. Methods. A questionnaire concerning family habits and infants' history was completed for 550 healthy infants before a 9-hour night polysomnographic study. Because the data for 41 infants were not available for analysis, 509 subjects were studied: 115 were newborns evaluated within 1 week after birth, and 394 were healthy infants admitted at 11 weeks of life (range 5 to 29 weeks) after various research protocols. Results. According to the smoking frequency of the mothers during pregnancy, the s

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Rani, Seema, Alexandra Cohen, Abigail Strang, and Aaron Chidekel. "1220 Polysomnography in Children with Joubert Syndrome." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (2024): A520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01220.

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Abstract Introduction Joubert syndrome is autosomal recessive, clinically and genetically heterogeneous with multiorgan involvement. Classic breathing symptoms include episodes of hyperpnea followed by apnea and periodic breathing. Gas exchange abnormalities include hyperventilation with low CO2s and intermittent desaturations. Purpose of this abstract is to report prolonged survival, describe the PSG findings and treatment modalities in 2 cases. Report of case(s) 8-year-old female with Joubert syndrome, global developmental delay, hydrocephalus, hypotonia, cortical blindness presented for ini

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Zdravković, Marija, Ratko Lasica, Sofija Nikolić, and Milica Brajković. "Cardiovascular diseases associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." Medicinska istrazivanja 57, no. 3 (2024): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medi57-49569.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a syndrome characterized by repeated episodes of breathing cessation during sleep, which can be partial (hypopneas) or complete (apneas). Intermittent hypoxia is the fundamental pathophysiological mechanism in the development of all associated diseases with obstructive sleep apnea. OSA is linked to various forms of cardiovascular diseases, and their association is correlated with poorer health outcomes. It is present in as much as 40% to 60% of patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, making the causal relationship between cardiovascular diseases and

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Hossain, AKM Mosharraf, and Mostofa Midhat Pasha. "Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular effects-a review." University Heart Journal 4, no. 2 (2009): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v4i2.2075.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing, affecting 5-15% of the population. It is characterized by intermittent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep that disrupts normal ventilation and sleep architecture, and is typically associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring, and witnessed apneas. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea present risk to the general public safety by causing 8-fold increase in vehicle accidents, and they may themselves also suffer from the physiologic consequences of OSA; these inc

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McFarlane, Robin, Andrea Nguyen, Matthew Chaung, and Joyce Lee-Iannotti. "1168 Snoring Cessation in a Case of Vagal Nerve Stimulator Induced Obstructive Hypopnea." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (2024): A500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01168.

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Abstract Introduction Vagal nerve stimulators (VNS) have been found to induce sleep disordered breathing and many patients will seek sleep evaluation after the development of symptoms. Snoring is a common reason patients may present. Once therapy is initiated, the lack of snoring is often used as a clinical marker for reduced apnea. Here we present the counterintuitive case of a VNS patient who had treatment-refractory obstructive sleep apnea with snoring that halted during apneic episodes. Report of case(s) A 24-year-old male, past medical history of medically refractory epilepsy w/ VNS, deve

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Bilińska, Małgorzata, and Kazimierz Niemczyk. "Hypoglossal nerve stimulation [HGNS] for Obstructive Sleep Apnea [OSA] treatment – a review." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 6, no. 3 (2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5196.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent periods of upper airway obstruction (hypopneas and apneas) during sleep. It leads to repeated oxyhemoglobin desaturations, nocturnal hypercapnia, and arousals. Common symptoms include loud snoring with breathing interruptions. Excessive daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment occur. Obstructive sleep apnea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Its association with an increased risk of development and progression of neurocognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and oncologic diseases and complications is well

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Lebek, Simon, Philipp Hegner, Christian Schach, et al. "A novel mouse model of obstructive sleep apnea by bulking agent-induced tongue enlargement results in left ventricular contractile dysfunction." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243844.

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Aims Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widespread disease with high global socio-economic impact. However, detailed pathomechanisms are still unclear, partly because current animal models of OSA do not simulate spontaneous airway obstruction. We tested whether polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) injection into the tongue induces spontaneous obstructive apneas. Methods and results PTFE (100 μl) was injected into the tongue of 31 male C57BL/6 mice and 28 mice were used as control. Spontaneous apneas and inspiratory flow limitations were recorded by whole-body plethysmography and mRNA expression of t

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Dempsey, Jerome A. "Central sleep apnea: misunderstood and mistreated!" F1000Research 8 (June 28, 2019): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18358.1.

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Central sleep apnea is prevalent in patients with heart failure, healthy individuals at high altitudes, and chronic opiate users and in the initiation of “mixed” (that is, central plus obstructive apneas). This brief review focuses on (a) the causes of repetitive, cyclical central apneas as mediated primarily through enhanced sensitivities in the respiratory control system and (b) treatment of central sleep apnea through modification of key components of neurochemical control as opposed to the current universal use of positive airway pressure.

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Finlay, M., M. Wilson, J. A. Erwin, et al. "0730 Individuals Receiving Methadone For Medication-Assisted Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder Show Evidence Of Respiratory Depression." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.726.

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Abstract Introduction A well-established consequence of opiate use is respiratory depression during sleep, with a high prevalence of central sleep apneas. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is a widely used therapy for opioid use disorder (OUD) designed to reduce withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings. We investigated the presence of respiratory depression during sleep in patients receiving methadone-based opioid replacement treatment as part of a MAT program for OUD. Methods N=6 individuals (5 females, ages 43.8±12.8y, BMI 27.2±4.1kg/m2), who were within 90 days of methadone initiation, under

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Jain, Vivek, Joseph Marbach, Shawn Kimbro, et al. "Benefits of oxytocin administration in obstructive sleep apnea." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 313, no. 5 (2017): L825—L833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00206.2017.

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Activation of oxytocin receptors has shown benefits in animal models of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We tested if nocturnal oxytocin administration could have beneficial effects in OSA patients. Eight patients diagnosed with OSA were administered intranasal oxytocin (40 IU). Changes in cardiorespiratory events during sleep, including apnea and hypopnea durations and frequency, risk of event-associated arousals, and heart rate variability, were assessed. Oxytocin significantly increased indexes of parasympathetic activity, including heart rate variability, total sleep time, and the postpolyso

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Chaudhary, Nishant, Mirna Ayache, and John Carter. "1244 A Curious Case of ASV Failure." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1238.

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Abstract Introduction Positive airway pressure-induced upper airway obstruction has been reported with the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) along with an oronasal interface. Here we describe a case of persistent treatment emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA) inadequately treated with adaptive servo ventilation (ASV), with an airflow pattern suggestive of ASV-induced upper airway obstruction. Report of Case A 32-year-old male, with severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index: 52.4) and no other significant past medical history, was treated with CP

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Ramalingam, P., S. Revathi, and P. Vijayasamundeeswari. "Development and validation of educational pamphlet to prevent sleepapnea." CARDIOMETRY, no. 25 (February 14, 2023): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.25.271275.

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Background. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent complete (apneas) and partial (hypopneas) upper airway obstructive. The Obstructive Sleep Apnea is one of the leading risk factor for coronary heart diseases and heart failure. Aim. The aim of the study was to develop and validate the educational pamphlet on Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) Design. A mixed method research design with quantitative research approach was adopted in this study. Methods. Educational pamphlet was developed on prevention and control of Obstructive sleep apnea. The pamphlet was developed in three pha

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Jain, Nikhita, Marwah Ibrahem, David Rapoport, and Robert Hiensch. "1173 Unmasking Severe OSA After Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Central Sleep Apnea." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (2024): A502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01173.

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Abstract Introduction In the absence of reversible etiology, central sleep apnea (CSA) may be treated with positive airway pressure (CPAP or BPAP), adaptive servo-ventilation, or supplemental oxygen. In 2017, a transvenous phrenic nerve stimulator (PNS), the remedē System™, was FDA-approved for moderate-to-severe CSA. Five-year outcomes data confirmed the device’s sustained efficacy, with improvements in symptoms, apnea-hypopnea index(AHI), and central apnea index(CAI). While the device effectively treats CSA, unrecognized upper airway obstruction may hinder clinical success. This case report

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Crossland, Randy F., David J. Durgan, Eric E. Lloyd, et al. "A new rodent model for obstructive sleep apnea: effects on ATP-mediated dilations in cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, no. 4 (2013): R334—R342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00244.2013.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which the upper airway collapses during sleep, is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Little is known how OSA affects the cerebral circulation. The goals of this study were 1) to develop a rat model of chronic OSA that involved apnea and 2) to test the hypothesis that 4 wk of apneas during the sleep cycle alters endothelium-mediated dilations in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). An obstruction device, which was chronically implanted into the trachea of rats, inflated to obstruct the airway 30 times/h for 8 h during the sl

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Hudgel, D. W. "Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 4 (1986): 1403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.4.1403.

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The purpose of this was to determine whether the site of physiological narrowing within the upper airway was uniform or differed among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Inspiratory pressures were measured with an esophageal balloon catheter and three catheters located at different sites along the upper airway: supralaryngeal airway, oropharynx, and nasopharynx. Peak inspiratory pressure differences between catheters allowed assessment of pressure gradients across three airway segments: lungs-larynx-retroepiglottal airway (esophageal-supralaryngeal pressure), hypopharynx (supralaryngeal-or

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McNamara, Frances, and Colin E. Sullivan. "Effects of nasal CPAP therapy on respiratory and spontaneous arousals in infants with OSA." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 3 (1999): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.889.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants has been shown to resolve frequently without a cortical arousal. It is unknown whether infants do not require arousal to terminate apneas or whether this is a consequence of the OSA. We studied the apnea and arousal patterns of eight infants with OSA before and after treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). These infants were age matched to eight untreated infants with OSA and eight normal infants. Polysomnographic studies were performed on each infant. We found that the majority of central and obstructive apneas were terminated

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Leuenberger, U., E. Jacob, L. Sweer, N. Waravdekar, C. Zwillich, and L. Sinoway. "Surges of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during obstructive apnea are linked to hypoxemia." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 2 (1995): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.2.581.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with oscillations of arterial blood pressure (BP) that occur in phase with irregularities of respiration. To explore the role of the sympathetic nervous system in these responses, we studied muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; peroneal microneurography), an index of vasoconstrictor nerve traffic, and BP during awake regular breathing and during spontaneous apneas in patients with OSA. To determine the role of the arterial chemoreflex, we also examined the effects of 100% O2 (hyperoxia) on MSNA and BP. In awake regularly breathing patients with O

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Jordan, Melissa, Kyle Bliton, Patricia Patterson, and Puneet Aulakh. "1167 Chasing Centrals." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (2024): A499—A500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01167.

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Abstract Introduction Distinguishing between obstructive and central hypopneas raises a clinical challenge when evaluating sleep apnea. Currently, absence of snoring, inspiratory flow limitation, and paradoxical thoraco-abdominal excursions can aid in identifying a central hypopnea. Defining these events is imperative as it affects options for therapy. This case highlights the importance of appropriate classification of central hypopneas. Report of case(s) A 57 YO F with PMH of HTN presents for snoring, frequent awakenings, and suffocation disrupting sleep. Her BMI is 35.5. Epworth Sleepiness

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Durgan, David J., Randy F. Crossland, and Robert M. Bryan. "The rat cerebral vasculature exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations in circadian clock genes and vascular function that are attenuated following obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 8 (2016): 2806–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16675879.

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Circadian clock components oscillate in cells of the cardiovascular system. Disruption of these oscillations has been observed in cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that obstructive sleep apnea, which is associated with cerebrovascular diseases, disrupts the cerebrovascular circadian clock and rhythms in vascular function. Apneas were produced in rats during sleep. Following two weeks of sham or obstructive sleep apnea, cerebral arteries were isolated over 24 h for mRNA and functional analysis. mRNA expression of clock genes exhibited 24-h rhythms in cerebral arteries of sham rats (p &lt

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Schiefer, Matthew, Jenniffer Gamble, Jonathan Baskin, and Kingman Strohl. "Hypoglossal nerve stimulation in a rabbit model of obstructive sleep apnea reduces apneas and improves oxygenation." Journal of Applied Physiology 129, no. 3 (2020): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00828.2019.

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This report describes a rabbit model for testing the impact of hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) on obstructive apneas. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is induced by injecting hyaluronic acid (as a filler) into the base of the tongue. HNS reduced the length and rate of obstructions and improved oxygenation during sleep. Our efforts with this model advanced understanding of the complexities of this OSA preclinical model for neurostimulation reversal of sleep-disordered breathing.

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Wetmore, Stephen J., Lawrence Scrima, and F. Charles Hiller. "Sleep Apnea in Epistaxis Patients Treated with Nasal Packs." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 98, no. 6 (1988): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988809800611.

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The presence of anterior and posterior nasal packs in patients with epistaxis is known to be associated with cardiorespiratory problems and sometimes death, although the mechanism has not been well understood. To determine the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with epistaxis treated with both anterior and posterior nasal packs, we obtained polysomnograms on twelve patients while the packs were in place. Ten of these patients demonstrated obstructive sleep apnea. The apnea index (apneas/hour sleep) ranged from 1 to 83, with a mean of 29; the hypopnea index (hypopneas

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Dlewati, Mohammad, and Roberta Leu. "1214 A Case of Mixed Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea in Jacobsen Syndrome." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (2024): A517—A518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.01214.

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Abstract Introduction Jacobsen syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to variable deletion lengths on chromosome 11q. The estimated prevalence is only 1/100,000 births in the U.S. Clinical features are multi-system with characteristic facial features, growth and motor retardation, neurocognitive disability, cytopenias, and possible malformations in the CNS, heart, kidneys, and skeleton. Little information is available regarding their sleep and respiratory features. Report of case(s) A 3 month old girl with a history of Jacobsen syndrome presented to an outside sleep lab due to oxygen desatura

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Almendros, Isaac, Paula Martínez-Ros, Nuria Farré, et al. "Placental oxygen transfer reduces hypoxia-reoxygenation swings in fetal blood in a sheep model of gestational sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 3 (2019): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00303.2019.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by events of hypoxia-reoxygenation, is highly prevalent in pregnancy, negatively affecting the gestation process and particularly the fetus. Whether the consequences of OSA for the fetus and offspring are mainly caused by systemic alterations in the mother or by a direct effect of intermittent hypoxia in the fetus is unknown. In fact, how apnea-induced hypoxemic swings in OSA are transmitted across the placenta remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis, based on a theoretical background on the damping effect of oxy

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Kahn, A., J. Groswasser, P. Franco, S. Scaillet, M. Sottiaux, and T. Simon. "Obstructive Sleep Apneas and Sids." Pediatric Research 45 (May 1999): 1A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199905020-00004.

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Colvert, Jared, and Glen Greenough. "825 Central Sleep Apnea and Sinus Bradycardia." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.822.

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Abstract Introduction Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by a lack of respiratory drive during sleep resulting in repetitive periods of apneas. There are multiple manifestations of CSA as defined by the ICSD3. CSA with Cheyne-Stokes Breathing (CSB) is characterized by a series of crescendo-decrescendo pattern of ventilation followed by central apnea and is often associated with heart failure. Bradyarrythmias have been associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but an association with central sleep apnea is less clear. Report of case(s) A 76 y/o male with no significant past medical

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Stoohs, R., and C. Guilleminault. "Cardiovascular changes associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 2 (1992): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.583.

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Five men free of lung or cardiovascular diseases and with severe obstructive sleep apnea participated in a study on the impact of sleep states on cardiovascular variables during sleep apneas. A total of 128 obstructive apneas [72 from stage 2 non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and 56 from rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep] were analyzed. Each apnea was comprised of an obstructive period (OP) followed by a hyperventilation period, which was normally associated with an arousal. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) (determined with an electrical impedance system), radial artery

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Dotan, Yaniv, Giora Pillar, Alan R. Schwartz, and Arie Oliven. "Asynchrony of lingual muscle recruitment during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 12 (2015): 1516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00937.2014.

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Pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep increases primarily due to decline in dilator muscle activity. However, genioglossus EMG is known to increase during apneas and hypopneas, usually without reversing upper airway obstruction or inspiratory flow limitation. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that intense activation of the genioglossus fails to prevent pharyngeal obstruction during sleep, and to evaluate if sleep-induced changes in tongue muscle coordination may be responsible for this phenomenon. We compared genioglossus and tongue retractors EMG activity in 13 obstruct

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Pendharkar, Seema Shantilal, Sakshi Jain, and Harshad Bhagwat. "Upper airway imaging techniques for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging 10, no. 4 (2024): 153–59. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmi.2024.033.

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep disorder marked by recurrent stops in breathing during sleep or by not breathing for 10 seconds or longer despite an effort to breathe. It is brought on by a partial or total blockage of the upper airway, which results in apnea or hypopnea. Soft tissue in the back of the throat collapses and blocks the upper airway when muscles relax while you sleep. The Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) is a widely used metric to quantify sleep apnea. The total number of apneas and hypopneas that happen during an hour of sleep is represented by this average. The maj

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Nadeem, Wasiq, Anum Qayum, Rafia H. Jahangiri, Samar Hasnain, and Faisal R. Jahangiri. "Exploring the Efficacy of Hypoglossal Nerve Monitoring and Stimulation in Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Journal of Neurophysiological Monitoring 1, no. 2 (2023): 12–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10214346.

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Sleep disorders are a widespread health concern that affects millions of people around the world. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy. Insomnia is characterized by difficulties falling or staying asleep and can be acute or chronic. Obstructive sleep apnea causes repeated breathing pauses during sleep due to airway blockages, which can result in disrupted sleep and daytime sleepiness. Restless legs syndrome causes unpleasant leg sensations and an urge to move them, often at night, disrupting sleep onset. Narcolepsy involves ex

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Jackson, Gregory W. "Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgical Treatment of a Pediatric OSA Patient." Case Reports in Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5473580.

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A case report is presented which demonstrates the effectiveness of comprehensive orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery in the correction of malocclusion and reduction in the sequelae of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The patient’s severe OSA was improved to very mild as evaluated by full overnight polysomnogram. The orthodontic treatment included the expansion of both dental arches and mandibular advancement surgery. There was significant improvement in the patient’s sleep continuity and architecture with the elimination of obstructive apneas.

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Cheong, Crystal, Alan Schwartz, Everett Seay, Jorge Mora, Erica Thaler, and Raj Dedhia. "0804 Enhanced Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy: Distinguishing Central from Obstructive Apneas." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (2022): A348—A349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.800.

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Abstract Introduction Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a useful tool for assessing upper airway collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and frequently influences surgical plans. The standard DISE setup of an endoscopic tower with flexible bronchoscope is adequate for visualizing collapse configurations, but endoscopic findings do not always correlate with actual respiratory physiology. We describe our enhanced clinical DISE setup incorporating nasal flow and respiratory effort measurements, which facilitates differentiation between central and obstructive events. Central

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Don, Garrick W., Turkka Kirjavainen, Catherine Broome, Chris Seton, and Karen A. Waters. "Site and mechanics of spontaneous, sleep-associated obstructive apnea in infants." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 6 (2000): 2453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2453.

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To examine the mechanics of infantile obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), airway pressures were measured using a triple-lumen catheter in 19 infants (age 1–36 wk), with concurrent overnight polysomnography. Catheter placement was guided by correlations between measurements of magnetic resonance images and body weight of 70 infants. The level of spontaneous obstruction was palatal in 52% and retroglossal in 48% of all events. Palatal obstruction predominated in infants treated for OSA (80% of events), compared with 38.6% from infants with infrequent events ( P = 0.02). During obstructive events, suc

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Khirani, Sonia, Nicolas Leboulanger, Adriana Ramirez, and Brigitte Fauroux. "Life-Threatening Obstructive Sleep Apnea Caused by Adenoid Hypertrophy in an Infant with Noonan Syndrome." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/514514.

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Adenoidectomy is a commonly performed surgery in children, even though its effectiveness is still under investigation. However, in children with risk factors such as age under 3 years old, associated comorbidities, or severe obstructive sleep apneas, a high postoperative respiratory morbidity is possible. We report the case of a 15-month-old boy with Noonan syndrome and a complex clinical history, who presented with a life-threatening obstructive sleep apnea due to hypertrophy of the adenoids which resolved completely after adenoidectomy.

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Silva, Ademir Baptista, and Hélio Lemmi. "NCPAP for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 47, no. 2 (1989): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1989000200004.

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Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) represents a real advance in the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our data show that except for awakenings, all sleep and respiratory parameters were significantly improved (p<0.05) in favor of the group treated with NCPAP. A main problem with NCPAP is the acceptance by the patient; it also may disturb the sleep, at least, on short term basis and, in a small number of patients, it does not correct the apneas. In our patients series, males responded better to NCPAP than females.

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Kahn, A., D. Blum, E. Rebuftat, et al. "Polysomnographic Studies of Infants Who Subsequently Died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." Pediatrics 82, no. 5 (1988): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.82.5.721.

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The polygraphic findings from 11 future victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are reported and compared with those of matched pairs of control infants. The recordings had been done to alleviate parental anxiety about sleep apnea. Four infants had siblings who were victims of SIDS. Two infants were studied 3.5 to 9.5 weeks before their deaths because of an unexplained apparent life-threatening event that had occurred during sleep. For each victim of SIDS, two control infants were selected from the 2,000 infants who had been tested in the same hospitals. They were matched for sex, gesta

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