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1

Schulz, Thomas. "Rumex obtusifolius L. im Wirtschaftsgrünland." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16731.

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Der Stumpfblättrige Ampfer (Rumex obtusifolius) ist eine häufig auftretende Schadpflanze des Grünlandes. Er verdrängt wertvolle Futtergräser und beeinträchtigt die Grundfutterqualität und Futterkonservierung negativ. Zahlreiche Publikationen beschäftigten sich mit der Botanik und der allgemeinen Schadwirkung, zu den wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen wurden bisher kaum belastbare Aussagen veröffentlicht. In 2-jährigen Felderhebungen wurden an 3 Standorten in Sachsen und Thüringen zu jeweils 4 Aufwüchsen die Parameter Abundanz, Deckungsgrad, Ertragsanteil, Trockenmasseertrag sowie Futterwert und Inhaltsstoffe von Ampfer in Relation zu Gras bei unterschiedlich starkem Ampferbefall untersucht. Die Erfassung der projektiven Deckung war deutlich besser zur Quantifizierung des Schadauftretens geeignet als die Abundanz. Der Ertragsanteil betrug das 0,69-fache des Ampfer-Deckungsgrades. Der Gesamt-TM-Ertrag wurde bei steigendem Ampferbefall regelmäßig nicht negativ beeinflusst. Die Energiedichte von Ampfer lag rund 25 % unter der der jeweiligen Graskomponente. Aus dem geringeren Trockenmasseertrag und der niedrigeren Energiedichte ergibt sich bei Ampferbekämpfung und Nachsaat ein Potenzial zur Steigerung des Energieertrages der Fläche. In Silierversuchen wurde die Wirkung von verschiedenen Mischungsanteilen von R. obtusifolius auf den Konservierungserfolg von Lolium perenne untersucht. Steigende Ampferanteile wirkten sich negativ auf das Gärsäuremuster der Grassilagen aus und führten zu einem zusätzlichen Rückgang der Energiedichte der anteiligen Ampferkomponente von rund 10 %. Es wurde ein mathematisches Modell entwickelt, mit dem sich auf Basis der Parameter Gesamt-TM-Ertrag des Bestandes, Energiedichte des Grases, dem Ampfer-Deckungsgrad und unter Einbeziehung des Milchpreises der potenziell entgangene Deckungsbeitrag berechnen lässt. Daraus kann für unterschiedliche Kosten-, Ertrags- und Erlössituationen eine flexible wirtschaftliche Schadensschwelle abgeleitet werden.
Docks are one of most frequently arising problem weeds of the permanent grassland. It suppresses valuable fodder grasses and negatively influences the basic fodder quality. Numerous publications concern themselves with botany and the general side-effect; chargeable statements to economic effects were so far however not published. In two-year field collections at three locations in eastern part of Germany the relations between abundances, coverage, yield part, dry matter yield of grass and docks as well as the worth-giving ingredients of both were analyzed. Different recording methods were comparatively evaluated. Estimating or measuring the weed ground cover was more suitable for quantifying the loss in economic value due to presence of Docks then plant counting’s. The proportional yield part of docks can be derived however surely from the percent of ground cover multiplied by 0.69. The total dry matter yield was regularly not affected by raising colonization of Docks. The net energy of docks was 25 % under that from grass. The low dry matter yield and the reduced net energy content of Docks in comparison to grass appearing a potential for raising net energy yield per hectare after controlling the docks and reestablishing the sward. In ensiling studies the effect of rising mixture portions of docks on preservation success of Italian rye grass was examined. It was stated that docks affects the fermenting acid sample negatively and leads to a proportionate decrease of net energy content of the silage feed of approximately 10 %. A mathematical model has been developed, based on entire dry matter yield of the site, net energy content of the grass, ground canopy of docks and milk proceeds. It allows the forecast of non realized income, which could be used in case of removal of docks and recovering gaps with grass comparably to the existing grass. From this point a flexible economical damage threshold can be derived for different costing, yield and proceeds situations.
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2

Souto, Augusto Lopes. "Análise Metabolômica de Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8052.

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The species Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr, which belongs to the Piperaceae family, is a well-known plant, distributed from Mexico to South America. Previous phytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of compounds from several classes, such as: lignans, flavonoids, amides, phenolic compounds and chromenes, which demonstrated interesting biological activities. This work describes the metabolomic analysis of Peperomia obtusifolia, which study in real time, the metabolism of this species in many kinds of scenarios. However, to accomplish this study, firstly it was developed a standard protocol, capable of preparing the samples in a reproducible way, enabling the following metabolomic studies to generate reliable results. Later, it was conducted the metabolomic study of Peperomia obtusifolia and its varieties, by fingerprinting analysis, in order to characterize the metabolomic profiles of each one of them. Furthermore, it was also evaluated the behavior of the species against the stress induced by the herbivory of Monoplatus sp. In general, the analyzes were conducted by NMR of 1H (which the data was interpreted by PCA), mass spectrometry, HPLC, GC and its hyphenated techniques. As a result, it was found that, despite the fact that the Peperomia obtusifolia varieties belong to the same species, they had different metabolomes. Regarding the study of the biotic stress against the plant, changes were detected on the metabolomic profile of the attacked plants, indicating a response against the herbivore attack. As a major result of this research, it can be highlighted the fact that the same changes were also detected on the metabolome of the intact plants closed to the attacked ones, indicating a sort of interplant communication by volatile compounds, capable to induce the neighborhood yet not attacked, to be prepared for an imminent attack, giving them a better chance of survival.
A espécie Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr, pertencente à família Piperaceae, é uma planta amplamente conhecida, cuja ocorrência vai desde o México até a América do Sul. Estudos fitoquímicos anteriores revelaram a presença de compostos de diversas classes, como: lignanas, flavonoides, amidas, compostos fenólicos e cromenos, os quais demonstraram atividade biológica bastante promissora. Este trabalho aborda a análise metabolômica de Peperomia obtusifolia, que visa estudar em tempo real o metabolismo desta espécie em diversos tipos de cenários. Entretanto, para que este estudo fosse realizado, primeiramente foi desenvolvido um protocolo padrão, capaz de preparar amostras de maneira reprodutível, possibilitando assim uma análise metabolômica que gerasse resultados fidedignos. Posteriormente foi realizado o estudo metabolômico de Peperomia obtusifolia e suas variedades, por análise de fingerprinting, que visa caracterizar os perfis metabólicos de cada organismo. Além disso, também foi avaliado o metaboloma da espécie frente ao estresse biótico provocado pela herbivoria do besouro Monoplatus sp. As análises das amostras foram realizadas por meio de RMN de 1H (cujos dados foram interpretados por PCA), espectrometria de massas, CLAE, CG e técnicas hifenadas. Como resultado, descobriu-se que apesar das variedades de Peperomia obtusifolia pertencerem à mesma espécie, elas possuíam metabolomas diferentes. Já em relação ao estudo de estresse biótico aplicado à planta, foram detectadas nas plantas predadas, alterações nos perfis metabolômicos, configurando-se uma resposta contra o ataque provocado. Considera-se um resultado de maior importância, o fato de que plantas intactas que estavam próximas às predadas, responderam ao ataque de maneira semelhante, indicando assim, uma comunicação inter-plantas por meio de compostos voláteis, capaz de induzir a vizinhança ainda não atacada a se preparar para reagir ao ataque, possibilitando assim, maior chance de sobrevivência.
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3

Niggli, Urs. "Bekaempfung von 'Rumex obtusifolius' L. und Bestandeslenkung in intensiv bewirtschafteten Naturwiesen /." Zürich : [s.n.], 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7757.

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4

Keary, Ian Paul. "The weed Rumex obtusifolius, a foliar rust and a herbivorous beetle." Thesis, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397411.

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5

Kreimer, Detlef. "Biologie, Ökologie und Kontrolle von Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby im Zamfara-Weidegebiet in der Sudansavanne Nordwest-Nigerias." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988753936/34.

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6

McFarlane, Anne Margaret. "The effect of ozone on Gastrophysa viridula (Degeer) feeding on Rumex obtusifolius." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307400.

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7

Araújo, Neto Vitor. "Estudo das atividades antinociceptiva, anti-inflamatória e antioxidante da Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Sapotaceae)." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2009. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3290.

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Sideroxylon obtusifolium belongs to the family Sapotaceae. This study aimed to contribute to the scientific knowledge of the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the steam bark of Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn, popularly known as quixabeira and used to treat pain and inflammation. The ethanol crude extract of the dried and triturated stem bark (EE, 459,60 g) was submitted to liquidliquid extraction (400 g) with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate to give fractions hexane (11,90 g), chloroform (6,08 g), ethyl acetate (43,72 g) and hydromethanol (181,35 g). The EE and its fractions were submitted to phytochemical analysis, which detected groups of secondary metabolites such as phenols, flavanoids, xanthones, steroids, triterpens, saponins, tannins and cathechins. The effects of the extract and its fractions in nociception (using the models of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate and formalin in mice), inflammation (using the models of paw edema and peritonitis induced by carrageenan in mice) and antioxidant (using the scavenging of DPPH method) were evaluated. In the model of abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid, the oral treatment with of EE at 400 mg/kg had similar inhibition to that of AAS. The model of hot plate showed that the EE did not cause an increase in the latency time by the thermal stimulus at 55 ± 0.5°C, suggesting does not have central antinociceptive action. The EE only inhibited the second phase in the formalin test, which suggested that had inflammatory antinociception, which showed possibly acts by inhibiting the enzyme ciclo-oxygenase (COX). When evaluating the anti-inflammatory action by the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, the oral feeding of the EE was effective in reducing the edema-forming response between second and fourth hour after injecting carrageenan. Peritonitis model showed that the oral administration of EE was effective in reducing the leukocyte migration after 4 h of the i.p. injection of carrageenan, which was similar to dexamethasone. The DPPH assay showed the EE and its fractions ethyl acetate and hydromethanol present a antioxidant activity in vitro, which can be related to the presence of polyphenols. Therefore, the extract of S. obtusifolium has relevant phytochemical, which can be influencing the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities, suggesting it can be submitted to new pharmacological studies and clinical trial.
A planta escolhida pertence à família Sapotaceae. Este estudo teve como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento científico das ações antinociceptiva, anti-inflamatória e antioxidante da entrecasca da Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn, popularmente conhecida como quixabeira e usada no tratamento da dor e inflamação. Para tanto, o extrato etanólico bruto (EE, 459,60 g) da entrecasca da planta seca e triturada foi submetido à extração líquido-líquido (400 g) com hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila, obtendo assim as frações hexânica (11,90 g), clorofórmica (6,08 g), acetato de etila (43,72 g) e hidrometanólica (181,35 g). Este extrato e suas frações foram submetidos à prospecção fitoquímica detectando assim grupos de metabólitos secundários relevantes, como fenóis, flavonóides, xantonas, esteróides, triterpenóides, saponinas, taninos e catequinas. Em seguida, foram avaliados os efeitos desse extrato na nocicepção (nos modelos de contorções abdominais induzida por ácido acético, placa quente e formalina em camundongos), inflamação (nos modelos de edema de pata e de peritonite induzidos por carragenina em ratos) e oxidação (método do seqüestro do DPPH). No modelo de contorções abdominais induzida por ácido acético, o EE quando administrado por via oral na concentração de 400 mg/kg apresentou inibição similar ao AAS. Já no modelo da placa quente o EE não influenciou no aumento do tempo de latência pelo estímulo térmico de 55 ± 0,5°C, sugerindo não tem ação antinociceptiva central. Observando o modelo da formalina o efeito do EE apresentou inibição apenas na segunda fase mostrando antinocicepção do tipo inflamatória, sugerindo ação através da inibição da ciclo-oxigenase (COX). Na avaliação da ação anti-inflamatória pelo modelo de edema de pata induzido por carragenina em ratos, demonstrou que a administração oral do EE foi efetivo em reduzir a resposta edematogênica entre a segunda e quarta hora após a injeção de carragenina. No modelo de peritonite demonstrou que o EE por via oral foi efetivo em reduzir a migração leucocitária após 4 h a injeção i.p. de carragenina de forma similar à dexametasona. O método do seqüestro do DPPH permitiu estabelecer a ação antioxidante in vitro do EE e das frações acetato de etila e hidrometanólica, que pode estar relacionada aos compostos polifenólicos presentes. Assim, identificamos que o extrato da S. obtusifolium possui compostos fitoquímicos que influenciaram nas atividades anti-inflamatória, analgésica e antioxidante.
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8

Froehlich, Diego Lacir. "Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por folhas e vagens da planta Senna obtusifolia (Leguminosae) em bovinos." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/957.

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A disease of cattle with clinical and pathological presentation of acute myopathy was studied in the cities of Bom Jesus and Xanxerê in the State of Santa Catarina. Clinically, the disease was characterized by difficulty in walking, recumbency and death within 2 to 13 days after the onset of clinical symptoms. At necropsy were observed pale areas in the skeletal muscles mainly in the muscles of the hindquarters and the scapular area. The main microscopic lesions were hyaline degeneration and necrosis with fragmentation of the fibers, accompanied by mononuclear cell infiltrates. In the property there was great amount of S. obtusifolia that demonstrated that was consumed by the animals. The disease was reproduced experimentally in cattle fed with green leaves and pods of Senna obtusifolia in daily doses of 8g/kg (4 days), 10 g / kg (5 days), 15 g / kg (3 days) and a single dose 30g / kg body weight. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical lesions of a disease that affects the skeletal muscles of cattle and experimentally reproduce the disease through the administration of leaves and pods of Senna obtusifolia
Uma doença de bovinos com quadro clínico patológico de miopatia aguda foi estudada nos municípios de Xanxerê e Bom Jesus, SC. Clinicamente a enfermidade caracterizou-se por dificuldade em caminhar, decúbito esternal e morte entre dois a 13 dias após o inicio dos sinais clínicos. Um dos bovinos se recuperou e voltou a andar. Na necropsia foram observadas áreas pálidas na musculatura esquelética principalmente nos músculos dos membros posteriores e da região escapular. Ao exame microscópio, a principal lesão foi degeneração hialina e necrose com fragmentação das fibras, acompanhadas de infiltrado mononuclear. Na propriedade havia grande quantidade de S. obtusifolia com sinais de ter sido ingerida A doença foi reproduzida experimentalmente em bovinos com a administração de folhas e vagens verdes de Senna obtusifolia em doses diárias de 8g/kg (4 dias), 10g/kg (5 dias), 15g/kg (3 dias) e em dose única 30g/kg de peso vivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos clínicos e lesionais da enfermidade que afeta a musculatura esquelética dos bovinos e reproduzir experimentalmente a doença através da administração de folhas e vagens de Senna obtusifolia
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Firmino, de Santana Mauricélia. "Uso de planejamento fatorial na extração de lectinas de entrecasca de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (quixabeira) : purificação e caracterização parcial." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1693.

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Este trabalho trata da extração de uma lectina da entrecasca de Sideroxylon obtusifolium utilizando planejamento fatorial completo seguido da purificação da lectina através de fracionamento salino e cromatografia de afinidade em quitina, além da caracterização parcial e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana. Os resultados revelaram que as melhores condições de extração, obtidas através do planejamento fatorial 24 + 4 pontos centrais, foi a na temperatura de 4ºC, com tempo de extração de 4h, em pH 6,0 e com a concentração de NaCl 0,15 M. A partir destes dados, extrações em tampão citrato fosfato e fosfato de sódio, na faixa de pH (6,0 a 7,5) foram efetuados sendo selecionada a extração em tampão citrato fosfato, pH 6,5; o qual apresentou melhor atividade hemaglutinante específica (AHE) com eritrócitos de coelho. O fracionamento salino revelou que a fração 60-80% (F60-80) foi a que apresentou a maior AHE, a qual foi parcialmente inibida por glicose e totalmente inibida por N-acetil-D-glicosamina. A lectina denominada SoBL (Sideroxylon Obtusifolium Bark Lectin) foi obtida da cromatografia em quitina após eluição com ácido acético 1 M. SoBL é uma proteína termoestável, mantendo sua AH até 100ºC, após 30 min de aquecimento. A avaliação da estabilidade frente a diferentes valores de pH indicou que a lectina apresentou maior AH no pH de 5,0. SDS-PAGE mostrou que SoBL é uma lectina de baixa massa molecular (6,0 kDa) e não glicosilada. SoBL (40μg) não inibiu o crescimento das bactérias Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeroginosa e Klebsiela pneumoniae e dos fungos do gênero Fusarium. Em conclusão, uma lectina termoestável e de baixa massa molecular foi obtida da entrecasca de S. obtusifolium por cromatografia de afinidade em quitina, a qual aparentemente, não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana
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Kwon, Ohseok. "Effects of nitrogen and different habitat types on insects associated with Rumex obtusifolius L." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337342.

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Souza, Júnior Amauri Alves de [UNESP]. "Investigação da origem biossintética de cromenos e cromanos em Piper aduncum e Peperomia obtusifolia (Piperaceae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110847.

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Cromanos e cromenos são metabólitos secundários comumente encontrados em espécies dos gêneros Piper e Peperomia, pertencentes à família Piperaceae. São caracterizados pela presença de um núcleo benzopirânico (um anel benzeno fundido a um anel pirano). Essa classe de substâncias é importante do ponto de vista farmacológico, uma vez que apresenta vasta gama de atividades biológicas, incluindo antifúngica, tripanocida, antioxidante e antiparasitária. Os benzopiranos isolados de espécies de Piper e Peperomia apresentam diversidade quanto aos substituintes da unidade aromática de suas estruturas químicas. Baseado no exposto, rotas biossintéticas distintas foram propostas. Em espécies de Piper essas rotas envolveriam a via do ácido chiquímico pela atuação do ácido para-hidroxibenzóico, enquanto que em espécies de Peperomia estaria operando a via do acetato. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a relação biossintética dos benzopiranos presentes nas espécies Piper aduncum e Peperomia obtusifolia, bem como a determinação da dinâmica metabólica envolvida na formação dos mesmos, tanto em nível metabólico como enzimático, uma vez que os cromenos isolados de Piper aduncum descrevem ritmo circadiano bem determinado. Estudos de variação circadiana realizados em Peperomia obtusifolia com o objetivo de acompanhar a formação do cromano ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-2-(4-metil-1,3-pentadienil)-2H-1-benzopirano carboxílico (4) não demonstraram ritmo uniforme, do tipo sigmoidal, comum aos cromenos isolados de P. aduncum. O acúmulo do cromano 4 mostrou um máximo às 18h00, mas outros picos de concentração do mesmo foram observados às 06h00 e 15h00 e corroboram para o estabelecimento de um ritmo aleatório. Para a avaliação da origem biossintética de 4, foram realizados experimentos de incorporação utilizando precursor enriquecido...
Chromanes and chromenes are secondary metabolites commonly found in species of the genera Piper and Peperomia, belonging to the Piperaceae family. They are characterized by the presence of a benzopyran core showing a benzene ring fused to a pyran ring. This class of compounds is pharmacologically important, since they from shown a broad range of biological activities including antifungal, trypanocidal, antioxidant and anti-parasitic. The benzopyrans isolated from Piper and Peperomia species showed diversity biosynthetic pathways, mainly related to the aromatic moieties. The biosynthesis of Piper species involve the shikimic pathway showing as the first precursor the p-hydroxybenzoic acid, whereas in Peperomia species would be operating the route of acetate. The present work aimed to study the biosynthetic relationship of benzopyrans present in Piper aduncum and Peperomia obtusifolia as well as to determine the metabolic dynamics involved in their formation related to metabolic and enzymatic levels, since the chromenes isolated from Piper aduncum describe well-defined circadian rhythm. Studies of circadian rhythm performed in Peperomia obtusifolia, aiming to follow the formation of chromane 3,4 -dihydro- 5 -hydroxy -2 ,7- dimethyl-8- (3-methyl -2- butenyl) -2 - (4 -methyl -1 ,3- pentadienyl )-2H -1- benzopyran carboxylic acid (4) from P. obtusifolia showed no uniform sigmoidal curve, common to the chromenes isolated from Piper aduncum. The accumulation of the chromane 4 showed a maximum at 18:00 pm, but others peaks of the same concentration were observed at 06:00 am and 15:00 pm, corroborating to establish a random pace. To evaluate the biosynthetic origin of the chromane 4, feeding experiments were conducted using a precursor enriched with stable isotopes (ethyl [2-13C ]-sodium acetate) in the leaves of P. obtusifolia. Experiments were performed using seedlings of P. obtusifolia. The enriched extracts...
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Souza, Júnior Amauri Alves de. "Investigação da origem biossintética de cromenos e cromanos em Piper aduncum e Peperomia obtusifolia (Piperaceae) /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110847.

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Orientadora: Maysa Furlan
Banca: Nivaldo Boralle
Banca: Marcos Pivatto
Resumo: Cromanos e cromenos são metabólitos secundários comumente encontrados em espécies dos gêneros Piper e Peperomia, pertencentes à família Piperaceae. São caracterizados pela presença de um núcleo benzopirânico (um anel benzeno fundido a um anel pirano). Essa classe de substâncias é importante do ponto de vista farmacológico, uma vez que apresenta vasta gama de atividades biológicas, incluindo antifúngica, tripanocida, antioxidante e antiparasitária. Os benzopiranos isolados de espécies de Piper e Peperomia apresentam diversidade quanto aos substituintes da unidade aromática de suas estruturas químicas. Baseado no exposto, rotas biossintéticas distintas foram propostas. Em espécies de Piper essas rotas envolveriam a via do ácido chiquímico pela atuação do ácido para-hidroxibenzóico, enquanto que em espécies de Peperomia estaria operando a via do acetato. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a relação biossintética dos benzopiranos presentes nas espécies Piper aduncum e Peperomia obtusifolia, bem como a determinação da dinâmica metabólica envolvida na formação dos mesmos, tanto em nível metabólico como enzimático, uma vez que os cromenos isolados de Piper aduncum descrevem ritmo circadiano bem determinado. Estudos de variação circadiana realizados em Peperomia obtusifolia com o objetivo de acompanhar a formação do cromano ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-2-(4-metil-1,3-pentadienil)-2H-1-benzopirano carboxílico (4) não demonstraram ritmo uniforme, do tipo sigmoidal, comum aos cromenos isolados de P. aduncum. O acúmulo do cromano 4 mostrou um máximo às 18h00, mas outros picos de concentração do mesmo foram observados às 06h00 e 15h00 e corroboram para o estabelecimento de um ritmo aleatório. Para a avaliação da origem biossintética de 4, foram realizados experimentos de incorporação utilizando precursor enriquecido...
Abstract: Chromanes and chromenes are secondary metabolites commonly found in species of the genera Piper and Peperomia, belonging to the Piperaceae family. They are characterized by the presence of a benzopyran core showing a benzene ring fused to a pyran ring. This class of compounds is pharmacologically important, since they from shown a broad range of biological activities including antifungal, trypanocidal, antioxidant and anti-parasitic. The benzopyrans isolated from Piper and Peperomia species showed diversity biosynthetic pathways, mainly related to the aromatic moieties. The biosynthesis of Piper species involve the shikimic pathway showing as the first precursor the p-hydroxybenzoic acid, whereas in Peperomia species would be operating the route of acetate. The present work aimed to study the biosynthetic relationship of benzopyrans present in Piper aduncum and Peperomia obtusifolia as well as to determine the metabolic dynamics involved in their formation related to metabolic and enzymatic levels, since the chromenes isolated from Piper aduncum describe well-defined circadian rhythm. Studies of circadian rhythm performed in Peperomia obtusifolia, aiming to follow the formation of chromane 3,4 -dihydro- 5 -hydroxy -2 ,7- dimethyl-8- (3-methyl -2- butenyl) -2 - (4 -methyl -1 ,3- pentadienyl )-2H -1- benzopyran carboxylic acid (4) from P. obtusifolia showed no uniform sigmoidal curve, common to the chromenes isolated from Piper aduncum. The accumulation of the chromane 4 showed a maximum at 18:00 pm, but others peaks of the same concentration were observed at 06:00 am and 15:00 pm, corroborating to establish a random pace. To evaluate the biosynthetic origin of the chromane 4, feeding experiments were conducted using a precursor enriched with stable isotopes (ethyl [2-13C ]-sodium acetate) in the leaves of P. obtusifolia. Experiments were performed using seedlings of P. obtusifolia. The enriched extracts...
Mestre
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13

Queiroz, Gustavo Rodrigues. "Intoxicação espontânea em bovinos por Senna obtusifolia ou por Crotalaria incana no estado do Paraná." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000178272.

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Intoxicações por plantas tóxicas causam perdas econômicas no Brasil, tanto direta quanto indiretamente. Algumas plantas determinam prejuízos por causarem lesões diretas no sistema nervoso central, outras, causam lesões hepáticas que afetam o sistema nervoso central secundariamente, ou seja, causam hepatopatia aguda ou crônica. A encefalopatia hepática nesses casos resulta do acúmulo de amônia na corrente sanguínea e no liquido cefalorraquidiano devido à doença hepática. Assim, este trabalho visa relatar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação espontânea por duas plantas com ação hepatotóxica, a Senna obtusifolia e a Crotalaria incana. O surto de intoxicação por S. obtusifolia, planta conhecida por causar miopatia degenerativa em bovinos, aconteceu na região noroeste do Paraná, em um lote de 200 vacas com idade entre 45 e 152 meses introduzido num confinamento invadido pela planta. Os primeiros sinais clínicos observados quatro dias após a entrada dos animais nesta área foram mioglobinúria, incoordenação e decúbito esternal permanente. Das 20 vacas acometidas, 19 morreram. As atividades das enzimas creatina quinase, aspartato aminotransferase, gamaglutamiltransferase e fosfatase alcalina estavam elevadas. As principais alterações histológicas foram necrose segmentar multifocal da musculatura esquelética e necrose hepática paracentral multifocal. Estes resultados demonstraram o efeito miotóxico e hepatotóxico da planta. O outro surto relatado envolveu a ação de uma planta do gênero Crotalaria, descrita como tóxica para várias espécies domésticas, e ocorreu na região norte do estado do Paraná. Neste surto morreram 30 animais de um lote de 223 novilhas para engorda, entre três e cinco anos de idade e que estavam em um piquete invadido por Crotalaria incana. Os principais sinais clínicos, característicos de encefalopatia hepática, consistiam em cegueira, depressão e agressividade, evoluindo para a morte em 48 horas. As atividades séricas da gamaglutamiltransferase e fosfatase alcalina estavam elevadas. Os principais achados de necropsia foram congestão hepática e padrão lobular evidente. Na histopatologia observou-se no fígado necrose centrolobular hemorrágica multifocal de megalocitose e áreas com edema no sistema nervoso central. Evidências epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas dos dois surtos indicam o diagnóstico de intoxicação por Senna obtusifolia no primeiro surto e por Crotalaria incana no segundo.
Plant poisonings are responsible for great economic losses in Brazil, both direct and indirect. Some plants determine these losses by causing direct lesions on central nervous system. Other plants determine acute or chronic liver disease that secondarily affects the central nervous system. Hepatic encephalopathy is a result of the accumulation of ammonia in blood and cerebrospinal fluid because of the liver injury. Thus, the aim of this work is to report the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of spontaneous poisoning in cattle associated with the ingestion of two hepatotoxic plants, Senna obtusifolia and Crotalaria incana. Senna obtusifolia causes degenerative myopathy in cattle, and the poisoning outbreak associated with its ingestion occurred in the Northwestern region of Parana, affecting a herd of 200 cows, ageing 45 to 152 months. The herd had been introduced in a stockyard containg the plant. The first clinical signs were observed four days after the introduction of the animals in the pasture, and consisted of myoglobinuria, incoordination and permanent sternal recumbency. Twenty cows were ill and 19 of them died. Serum activities of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase were increased. The main histological lesions were multifocal segmental necrosis of skeletal muscle and multifocal periacinar necrosis. These results show the miotoxic and the hepatotoxic effect of the plant. Another poisoning outbreak reported in this work involved plants of the genus Crotalaria, which are toxic for many domestic species. It happened in the Northern region of Parana, where 30 animals in a herd of 223 Nelore heifers died. They were about 3 to 5 years of age and were grazing on pasture for weight gaining. The pasture was fully infested by Crotalaria incana. The main clinical signs were typical of hepatic encephalopathy and consisted of blindness, depression, aggressiveness, heading to death in a period of 48 hours. Serum activities of gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased. The main necropsy findings were liver congestion and evident lobular pattern. Histological exams showed hemorrhagic centrilobular necrosis, megalocitosis and oedema in the central nervous system. Epidemiological, clinical and pathologic findings suggest Senna obtusifolia poisoning on the first and Crotalaria incana poisoning on the second report.
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14

Sampaio, Thaíse Pereira Dantas. "Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos vegetais e frações químicas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn sobre microrganismos bucais." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2401.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and chemical fractions from Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn on Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 27175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073), Streptococcus parasanguinis (ATCC 903) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), as well as to identify the bioactive chemical substances contained in the extracts with the best antimicrobial activity. Lyophilized extracts of leaf and bark (LL and LB) and ethanol extracts of leaf and bark (EL and EB) of S. obtusifolium T. D. Penn were tested for their antimicrobial potential by determining their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Tests were performed in triplicate by the microdilution method in three independent experiments. Phytochemical characterization was performed by measuring the content of total polyphenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannins. The EB extract of S. obtusifolium T. D. Penn showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 1000 µg/ml, MBC = 1000 µg/ml); the other streptococci strains were found to be resistant to the extract concentrations tested; all extracts (ethanol and lyophilized, from leaf and bark) showed inhibitory activity on Candida albicans (MIC = 500 µg/ml); the dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions of LL extract showed higher antifungal potential than the crude LL extract (MIC = 250 µg/ml; CFM = 500 µg/ml). Phytochemical characterization revealed predominance of polyphenol compounds (EB = 29.23%, LB = 25.98%), followed by condensed tannins (LB = 38.84%, LB = 17.78%). According to the results, it is suggested that Sideroxylon obtusifolium T. D. Penn has antifungal activity on C. albicans and antibacterial activity on S. mutans, possibly due to the presence of total polyphenols and condensed tannins.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro de extratos vegetais e frações mutans químicas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn sobre Streptococcus mutans (ATCC de 27175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073), Streptococcus parasanguinis (ATCC 903) e Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), bem como, identificar as classes de substâncias químicas bioativas presentes nos extratos de melhor atividade. Extratos liofilizados da folha e casca (LF e LC) e extratos etanólicos da folha e casca (EF e EC) de S. obtusifolium T. D. Penn foram submetidos à avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano através da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM). Os ensaios foram realizados pelo método da microdiluição em triplicata, em três experimentos independentes. A caracterização fitoquímica foi realizada através da quantificação do teor de polifenóis totais, flavonoides totais e taninos condensados. O extrato EC de S. obtusifolium T. D. Penn apresentou atividade bacteriostática e bactericida sobre Streptococcus mutans (CIM= 1000 µg/mL; CBM= 1000 µg/mL); as demais cepas de estreptococos mostraram-se resistentes às concentrações dos extratos testados; todos os extratos, etanólicos e liofilizados, da folha e casca apresentaram atividade inibitória sobre o crescimento de Candida albicans (CIM= 500 µg/mL); as frações diclorometano e n- butanol do extrato LF apresentaram potencial antifúngico maior que o extrato bruto LF (CIM= 250 µg/mL; CFM= 500 µg/mL). A caracterização fitoquímica revelou predomínio dos compostos polifenóis totais (EC= 29,23%; LC= 25,98%), seguidos por taninos condensados (LC= 38,84%; LF= 17,78%). De acordo com os resultados sugere-se que Sideroxylon obtusifolium TD Penn apresenta potencial antifúngico sobre C. albicans e potencial antibacteriano sobre S. mutans, podendo sua ação estar relacionada com a presença de compostos fitoquímicos da classe dos polifenóis totais e taninos condensados.
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15

Dunlop, Elizabeth A. "Mapping and modelling the invasion dynamics of Senna obtusifolia at different levels of scale in Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16490/.

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The invasion of natural environments by alien species is a significant threat to the ecological integrity of these systems. Senna obtusifolia is an aggressive invasive weed recently introduced to Australia that is having significant impacts on grassland ecosystems on the Cape York Peninsula. Currently the species is inadequately managed and so range expansion continues. The invasion potential of S. obtusifolia in Australia remains unknown, as does much about its behaviour and management in natural systems. This project undertakes extensive mapping and modelling of the current and future distributions and the invasion dynamics of S. obtusifolia in Australia to facilitate early detection of outbreak populations and the development of appropriate management strategies. The mapping and modelling of S. obtusifolia was conducted at three different scales: continental, landscape and local (population). To address these spatial scales, eco-climatic modelling, remote sensing analysis, field experimentation and creation of a model of seed fate was undertaken. Using the climatic preferences of S. obtusifolia displayed internationally, an eco-climatic model (using CLIMEX software) ascertained that S. obtusifolia has a very large invasive potential in Australia. The predicted geographic distribution comprised the entire eastern and northern Australian coastlines, with spread further inland being largely restricted by a lack of moisture. The regional distribution of S. obtusifolia was not successfully delineated using remote sensing technology. Despite possessing favourable traits for detection by remote sensors, poor data quality and inappropriate image scales prevented the weed from being distinguished from other vegetation by multi-spectral satellite imagery and aerial photography. However, the results indicated that refining the data and the techniques used, single S. obtusifolia populations may be detectable in the future. Investigation of the invasion dynamics of S. obtusifolia at the local scale involved multiple field surveys and manipulative experiments during 2002-2005. Field work indicated that little variation in population characteristics (e.g. stem density, soil seed reserve, seed production) existed within populations, but there was variability across populations and between years: the variation between years was very significant. The vegetation type adjacent to the weed population did not affect population attributes; however less competitive, more open and disturbed environments may better facilitate the invasion. The compartment model of seed fate reflecting S. obtusifolia population dynamics demonstrated that change in annual rainfall was unlikely to explain the variation evident between populations and years. Instead, the rate at which dormancy is broken in seeds and the intensity and regularity of fire provided a better explanation of the weed's population dynamics. Early detection of invaders and the prediction of likely sites of invasion provide the most effective means of preventing future invasions. How best to achieve these goals still remains largely unknown. The process undertaken in this study was a relatively quick and reliable method for assessing the seriousness of S. obtusifolia, predicting future outbreaks and for providing clues to long term management. The appropriate use of fire, maintaining high interspecific competition and shade, as well reducing the rate at which dormancy is broken in seeds are all possible methods of managing S. obtusifolia.
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16

Abubakar, Mohamed Rania. "Tracing a compound with ecological importance for Ficus species and profiling the chemical constituents of Ficus obtusifolia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för farmakognosi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434985.

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17

Schubiger, Franz Xaver. "Grundlagen für die biologische Bekämpfung von 'Rumex obtusifolius' L. und R. 'crispus' L. mit 'Uromyces rumicis' (Schum.) Wint /." [Zürich] : [s.n.], 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7888.

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18

Aquino, Pedro Everson Alexandre de. "Atividade anti-inflamatÃria e antinociceptiva da N-Metil-Trans-4-Hidroxi-L-Prolina isolado das folhas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17511.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Sideroxylum obtusifolium (Humb. ex. Roem. &Schult) T.B. Penn (Sapotaceae) de ocorrÃncia comum na AmÃrica do Sul, Ã conhecida no Nordeste do Brasil como âquixabeiraâ. Os decoctos da casca do caule e das folhas sÃo utilizados na medicina popular como anti- inflamatÃrio. O presente estudo avaliou in vitro e in vivo as propriedades anti-inflamatÃrias e antinociceptivas do composto N-metil-trans-4-hidroxi-L-prolina (NMP) isolado das folhas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium. Camundongos Swiss machos (25-30g; n=8-10) foram utilizados nos testes da formalina, contorÃÃes abdominais induzidas por Ãcido acÃtico, capsaicina e Von- Frey. Os efeitos anti-inflamatÃrios foram investigados atravÃs dos testes do edema de pata e de peritonite, ambos induzidos por carragenina. Foram investigados possÃveis mecanismos de aÃÃo da NMP atravÃs de bloqueio farmacolÃgico por naloxona, ioimbina e glibenclamida. As patas inflamadas pela carragenina foram coletadas e em seguida encaminhadas para o estudo histolÃgico e ensaio imunohistoquÃmico para TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 e NF-kB. Foi verificada a participaÃÃo de neutrÃfilos atravÃs da dosagem de mieloperoxidade (MPO) e a atividade antioxidante foi testada pelo mÃtodo de DPPH. Os resultados mostraram reduÃÃo de 35, 42 e 52% na 1Â fase (neurogÃnica) e de 30, 61 e 78% na 2Â fase (inflamatÃria) do teste de formalina, e em 34, 53 e 72% nas contorÃÃes abdominais/20 min, induzidas por Ãcido acÃtico, nas doses de 25, 50 e 100 mg/kg, respectivamente (P<0,05). A NMP (100 mg/kg) diminuiu a hipernocicepÃÃo no teste da capsaicina e de Von-Frey (P<0,05). Houve reduÃÃo do edema apÃs os tratamentos com a NMP em todos os perÃodos (P<0,05). A NMP diminuiu de forma significativa o nÃmero de leucÃcitos do infiltrado da cavidade peritoneal induzida pela carragenina no teste de peritonite. Os resultados dos testes in vitro, mostraram reduÃÃo da atividade da MPO (P<0,05), mas nÃo houve efeito antioxidante no teste de DPPH. Observou- se uma reduÃÃo significativas do nÃmero de cÃlulas imunomarcadas para TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 e NF-kB nos grupos tratados com NMP (P<0,05). A investigaÃÃo dos possÃveis mecanismos da aÃÃo anti-inflamatÃria e antinociceptiva da NMP sugerem o envolvimento de receptores vanilÃides do tipo TRPV1 e a participaÃÃo de canais de K+, dependentes de ATP, descartam a participaÃÃo de receptores opiÃides e α2-adrenÃrgicos. Os achados do presente estudo indicam que a NMP possui efeitos anti-inflamatÃrios e antinoceptivos relevantes que podem ser favorÃveis como ferramenta fisiofarmacolÃgica para o tratamento de patologias nas quais essas vias sÃo evidenciadas.
Sideroxylum obtusifolium (Humb. Ex. Roem. & Schult) T. B. Penn (Sapotaceae) of common occurrence in South America, is known in the Northeast of Brazil as "Quixabeira". The decoctions from the stem bark and leaves are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory. The present study evaluated by in vitro and in vivo models the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the compound N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (NMP) isolated from the leaves of Sideroxylon obtusifolium. Male Swiss mice (25-30 g; n = 8-10) were used in the tests of formalin, abdominal contractions induced by acetic acid, capsaicin and von- Frey. Anti-inflammatory effects were investigated using the tests of paw edema and peritonitis, both induced by carrageenan. We investigated possible mechanisms of action of NMP through the pharmacological blockade by naloxone, yohimbine and glibenclamide. Furthermore, the inflamed legs by carrageenan were collected and then sent for histological and immunohistochemical assay for TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-kB. The participation of neutrophils was verified by myeloperoxidase dosage (MPO) and the antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method. The results showed reductions of 35, 42 and 52% in the 1st phase (neurogenic) and of 30, 61 and 78% in the 2nd phase (inflammatory) of the formalin test, and of 34, 53 and 72% in the writhings /20 min induced by acetic acid at the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg, respectively (P <0.05). NMP (100 mg / kg) reduced the hyperalgesia in the capsaicin and Von-Frey tests (P <0.05). There was a reduction of edema after treatment with NMP at all periods (P <0.05). NMP decreased significantly the number of leukocytes infiltrate of the peritoneal cavity induced by carrageenan. The results of the in vitro tests showed reduced MPO activity (P <0.05) but there was no antioxidant effect in DPPH test. There were significant reductions in the number of immunostained cells to TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-kB in the groups treated with NMP (P <0.05). The investigation of possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action and antinociceptive of NMP suggest the involvement of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and the participation of K + channels, ATP-dependent and discard the participation of opioids and α2-adrenergic receptors. The findings of this study indicate that NMP has significant anti-inflammatory and antinoceptive effects that can be favorable as pharmacological tool for the treatment of conditions in which these pathways are highlighted.
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19

Aquino, Pedro Everson Alexandre de. "Atividade anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva da N-Metil-Trans-4-Hidroxi-L-Prolina isolado das folhas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19069.

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AQUINO, P. E. A. Atividade anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva da N-Metil-Trans-4-Hidroxi-L-Prolina isolado das folhas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium. 2016. 96 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Farmacologia) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.
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Sideroxylum obtusifolium (Humb. Ex. Roem. & Schult) T. B. Penn (Sapotaceae) of common occurrence in South America, is known in the Northeast of Brazil as "Quixabeira". The decoctions from the stem bark and leaves are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory. The present study evaluated by in vitro and in vivo models the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the compound N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (NMP) isolated from the leaves of Sideroxylon obtusifolium. Male Swiss mice (25-30 g; n = 8-10) were used in the tests of formalin, abdominal contractions induced by acetic acid, capsaicin and von- Frey. Anti-inflammatory effects were investigated using the tests of paw edema and peritonitis, both induced by carrageenan. We investigated possible mechanisms of action of NMP through the pharmacological blockade by naloxone, yohimbine and glibenclamide. Furthermore, the inflamed legs by carrageenan were collected and then sent for histological and immunohistochemical assay for TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-kB. The participation of neutrophils was verified by myeloperoxidase dosage (MPO) and the antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method. The results showed reductions of 35, 42 and 52% in the 1st phase (neurogenic) and of 30, 61 and 78% in the 2nd phase (inflammatory) of the formalin test, and of 34, 53 and 72% in the writhings /20 min induced by acetic acid at the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg, respectively (P <0.05). NMP (100 mg / kg) reduced the hyperalgesia in the capsaicin and Von-Frey tests (P <0.05). There was a reduction of edema after treatment with NMP at all periods (P <0.05). NMP decreased significantly the number of leukocytes infiltrate of the peritoneal cavity induced by carrageenan. The results of the in vitro tests showed reduced MPO activity (P <0.05) but there was no antioxidant effect in DPPH test. There were significant reductions in the number of immunostained cells to TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-kB in the groups treated with NMP (P <0.05). The investigation of possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action and antinociceptive of NMP suggest the involvement of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and the participation of K + channels, ATP-dependent and discard the participation of opioids and α2-adrenergic receptors. The findings of this study indicate that NMP has significant anti-inflammatory and antinoceptive effects that can be favorable as pharmacological tool for the treatment of conditions in which these pathways are highlighted.
Sideroxylum obtusifolium (Humb. ex. Roem. &Schult) T.B. Penn (Sapotaceae) de ocorrência comum na América do Sul, é conhecida no Nordeste do Brasil como “quixabeira”. Os decoctos da casca do caule e das folhas são utilizados na medicina popular como anti- inflamatório. O presente estudo avaliou in vitro e in vivo as propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antinociceptivas do composto N-metil-trans-4-hidroxi-L-prolina (NMP) isolado das folhas de Sideroxylon obtusifolium. Camundongos Swiss machos (25-30g; n=8-10) foram utilizados nos testes da formalina, contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético, capsaicina e Von- Frey. Os efeitos anti-inflamatórios foram investigados através dos testes do edema de pata e de peritonite, ambos induzidos por carragenina. Foram investigados possíveis mecanismos de ação da NMP através de bloqueio farmacológico por naloxona, ioimbina e glibenclamida. As patas inflamadas pela carragenina foram coletadas e em seguida encaminhadas para o estudo histológico e ensaio imunohistoquímico para TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 e NF-kB. Foi verificada a participação de neutrófilos através da dosagem de mieloperoxidade (MPO) e a atividade antioxidante foi testada pelo método de DPPH. Os resultados mostraram redução de 35, 42 e 52% na 1º fase (neurogênica) e de 30, 61 e 78% na 2º fase (inflamatória) do teste de formalina, e em 34, 53 e 72% nas contorções abdominais/20 min, induzidas por ácido acético, nas doses de 25, 50 e 100 mg/kg, respectivamente (P<0,05). A NMP (100 mg/kg) diminuiu a hipernocicepção no teste da capsaicina e de Von-Frey (P<0,05). Houve redução do edema após os tratamentos com a NMP em todos os períodos (P<0,05). A NMP diminuiu de forma significativa o número de leucócitos do infiltrado da cavidade peritoneal induzida pela carragenina no teste de peritonite. Os resultados dos testes in vitro, mostraram redução da atividade da MPO (P<0,05), mas não houve efeito antioxidante no teste de DPPH. Observou- se uma redução significativas do número de células imunomarcadas para TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 e NF-kB nos grupos tratados com NMP (P<0,05). A investigação dos possíveis mecanismos da ação anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva da NMP sugerem o envolvimento de receptores vanilóides do tipo TRPV1 e a participação de canais de K+, dependentes de ATP, descartam a participação de receptores opióides e α2-adrenérgicos. Os achados do presente estudo indicam que a NMP possui efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antinoceptivos relevantes que podem ser favoráveis como ferramenta fisiofarmacológica para o tratamento de patologias nas quais essas vias são evidenciadas.
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Kim, Joonseog. "EFFECTS OF SILENCING CYC2-LIKE GENES ON FLORAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L. AND NICOTIANA OBTUSIFOLIA M. MARTENS & GALEOTTI (SOLANACEAE)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5014.

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CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH) of the CYC2 clade of the TCP gene family have been shown to play a significant role in regulating the identity of the dorsal petals and abortion of the single dorsal stamen in Antirrhinum majus. It is believed that CYC2-like genes are responsible for the convergent evolution of floral zygomorphy, but their role in the development of actinomorphic flowers is still unknown. In Solanaceae, previous analysis has identified two paralogs of CYC2-like genes, CYC2A and CYC2B, resulting from a gene duplication that predates the origin the family. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a technique to study the gene function by silencing specific target genes of interest, which is shown to be useful in diverse plant species. Here, we report on the role of CYC2-like genes during floral development in Solanaceae based on the results of VIGS using tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based vector in Solanum lycopersicum having completely actinomorphic flowers and Nicotiana obtusifolia having slightly zygomorphic flowers. Our VIGS experiments in So. lycopersicum show that downregulation of both CYC2A and CYC2B leads to misshaped petals, the unequal growth of the petals, and most frequently increased number of petals, stamens and sepals, while the carpel and ovule morphology remain the same as the wild type. On the contrary, downregulation of CYC2A and CYC2B in N. obtusifolia results in reduced number of flower organs in sepals, stamens, and petals, however carpels remained the same. For both solanaceous species, silencing CYC2A and CYC2B changes the property of cytoplasm and retards the rate of pollen germination. Our findings suggest that the CYC2-like genes are likely involved in the floral development, mainly regulating the number of floral organs and pollen development in Solanaceae.
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Schulz, Thomas [Verfasser], H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hochberg, v. Boberfeld W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Opitz, and F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weißbach. "Rumex obtusifolius L. im Wirtschaftsgrünland : ein modellhafter Ansatz zur ökonomischen Bewertung / Thomas Schulz. Gutachter: H. Hochberg ; W. Opitz v. Boberfeld ; F. Weißbach." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103457261X/34.

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Schulz, Thomas [Verfasser], H. Akademischer Betreuer] Hochberg, von Boberfeld Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] [Opitz, and F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weißbach. "Rumex obtusifolius L. im Wirtschaftsgrünland : ein modellhafter Ansatz zur ökonomischen Bewertung / Thomas Schulz. Gutachter: H. Hochberg ; W. Opitz v. Boberfeld ; F. Weißbach." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100209347.

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Jeangros, Bernard Georges Roland. "Physiologie et morphologie de la jeune plante de 'Rumex obtusifolius' L., en particulier sous l'influence du rayonnement et de l'offre en éléments nutritifs /." Zurich : [s.n.], 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7756.

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Kreimer, Detlef [Verfasser]. "Biologie, Ökologie und Kontrolle von Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby im Zamfara-Weidegebiet in der Sudansavanne Nordwest-Nigerias / eingereicht von Detlef Kreimer." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988753936/34.

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Batista, Junior João Marcos [UNESP]. "Dicroísmo circular vibracional e eletrônico na determinação da configuração absoluta de benzopiranos de Peperomia obtusifolia e Piper gaudichaudianum (Piperaceae): implicações biológicas e biossintéticas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105827.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Estudos fitoquímicos visando o isolamento de benzopiranos quirais foram realizados em Peperomia obtusifolia e Piper gaudichaudianum (Piperaceae). Da espécie P. obtusifolia foram isolados dois cromanos racêmicos, a peperobtusina A e o ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-2-(4-metil-1,3-pentadienil)-2H-1- benzopirano carboxílico, bem como oito ésteres isoméricos deste último com os monoterpenos borneol e fenchol, inéditos na literatura. P. gaudichaudianum forneceu o cromeno ácido gaudichaudiânico, também como racemato. As misturas estereoisoméricas foram resolvidas por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência quiral e os estereoisômeros purificados tiveram sua configuração absoluta determinada por comparação dos espectros experimentais de dicroísmo circular vibracional e eletrônico com aqueles preditos por cálculos mecânico-quânticos ab initio. Peperobtusina A e o ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)- 2-(4-metil-1,3-pentadienil)-2H-1-benzopirano carboxílico foram assinalados como (+)-R, enquanto o ácido gaudichaudiânico foi assinalado como (+)-S. Os ésteres de cromano com borneol foram assinalados como (−)-2S,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S e (+)- 2R,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S, enquanto os ésteres com fenchol foram assinalados como (−)- 2S,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S e (+)-2R,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S. Com a configuração absoluta assegurada, foi possível a verificação do potencial tripanocida seletivo e sinérgico para os enantiômeros do ácido gaudichaudiânico e inibidor de HIV-1 protease seletivo para o (−)-(S)-ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-2-(4- metil-1,3-pentadienil)...
Phytochemical investigations focused on chiral benzopyrans were carried out on Peperomia obtusifolia and Piper gaudichaudianum (Piperaceae). Two racemic chromanes, peperobtusin A and 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2- butenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-pentadienyl)-2H-1-benzopyran carboxylic acid, as well as eight novel isomeric esters of the latter with the monoterpenes borneol and fenchol, were isolated from P. obtusifolia. P. gaudichaudianum afforded the racemic chromene gaudichaudianic acid. All stereoisomeric mixtures were resolved using chiral high performance liquid chromatography and the purified compounds had their absolute configuration determined by comparison of experimental vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectra with those calculated using ab initio quantummechanical methods. Peperobtusin A and 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(3- methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-pentadienyl)-2H-1-benzopyran carboxylic acid were assigned as (+)-R, whereas gaudichaudianic acid was assigned as (+)-S. The borneol chromane esters were assigned as (−)-2S,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S and (+)- 2R,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S, while the fenchol esters were assigned as (−)-2S,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S e (+)-2R,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S. Once the absolute configuration had been established it was possible to identify a selective and synergistic trypanocidal activity for the enantiomers of gaudichaudianic acid as well as a selective HIV-1 protease inhibitory potential for (−)-(S)-3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(4- methyl-1,3-pentadienyl)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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26

Batista, Junior João Marcos. "Dicroísmo circular vibracional e eletrônico na determinação da configuração absoluta de benzopiranos de Peperomia obtusifolia e Piper gaudichaudianum (Piperaceae) : implicações biológicas e biossintéticas /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105827.

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Resumo: Estudos fitoquímicos visando o isolamento de benzopiranos quirais foram realizados em Peperomia obtusifolia e Piper gaudichaudianum (Piperaceae). Da espécie P. obtusifolia foram isolados dois cromanos racêmicos, a peperobtusina A e o ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-2-(4-metil-1,3-pentadienil)-2H-1- benzopirano carboxílico, bem como oito ésteres isoméricos deste último com os monoterpenos borneol e fenchol, inéditos na literatura. P. gaudichaudianum forneceu o cromeno ácido gaudichaudiânico, também como racemato. As misturas estereoisoméricas foram resolvidas por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência quiral e os estereoisômeros purificados tiveram sua configuração absoluta determinada por comparação dos espectros experimentais de dicroísmo circular vibracional e eletrônico com aqueles preditos por cálculos mecânico-quânticos ab initio. Peperobtusina A e o ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)- 2-(4-metil-1,3-pentadienil)-2H-1-benzopirano carboxílico foram assinalados como (+)-R, enquanto o ácido gaudichaudiânico foi assinalado como (+)-S. Os ésteres de cromano com borneol foram assinalados como (−)-2S,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S e (+)- 2R,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S, enquanto os ésteres com fenchol foram assinalados como (−)- 2S,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S e (+)-2R,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S. Com a configuração absoluta assegurada, foi possível a verificação do potencial tripanocida seletivo e sinérgico para os enantiômeros do ácido gaudichaudiânico e inibidor de HIV-1 protease seletivo para o (−)-(S)-ácido 3,4-diidro-5-hidróxi-2,7-dimetil-8-(3-metil-2-butenil)-2-(4- metil-1,3-pentadienil)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Phytochemical investigations focused on chiral benzopyrans were carried out on Peperomia obtusifolia and Piper gaudichaudianum (Piperaceae). Two racemic chromanes, peperobtusin A and 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2- butenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-pentadienyl)-2H-1-benzopyran carboxylic acid, as well as eight novel isomeric esters of the latter with the monoterpenes borneol and fenchol, were isolated from P. obtusifolia. P. gaudichaudianum afforded the racemic chromene gaudichaudianic acid. All stereoisomeric mixtures were resolved using chiral high performance liquid chromatography and the purified compounds had their absolute configuration determined by comparison of experimental vibrational and electronic circular dichroism spectra with those calculated using ab initio quantummechanical methods. Peperobtusin A and 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(3- methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-pentadienyl)-2H-1-benzopyran carboxylic acid were assigned as (+)-R, whereas gaudichaudianic acid was assigned as (+)-S. The borneol chromane esters were assigned as (−)-2S,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S and (+)- 2R,1′′′S,2′′′R,4′′′S, while the fenchol esters were assigned as (−)-2S,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S e (+)-2R,1′′′R,2′′′R,4′′′S. Once the absolute configuration had been established it was possible to identify a selective and synergistic trypanocidal activity for the enantiomers of gaudichaudianic acid as well as a selective HIV-1 protease inhibitory potential for (−)-(S)-3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(4- methyl-1,3-pentadienyl)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Maysa Furlan
Coorientador: Silvia Noelí López
Banca: Alberto José Cavalheiro
Banca: André Luiz Meleiro Porto
Banca: Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva
Banca: Angelo da Cunha Pinto
Doutor
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27

Ballentine, Regina. "Chemical Characterization of Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to Assess Potential Therapeutic Phytochemicals and Toxicological Concerns Using Simulated Use Conditions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6052.

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Chemical Characterization of Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to Assess Potential Therapeutic Phytochemicals and Toxicological Concerns Using Simulated Use Conditions By Regina Ballentine Virginia Commonwealth University, 2019 Director: Sarah C. Rutan, Professor, Department of Chemistry Currently, there is an increasing demand for natural therapies and herbal products to treat various ailments. It is generally believed that natural therapies have fewer side-effects than traditional western medicine; however, they are often used in different strengths and formulations without consistency of the levels of target compounds or knowledge about toxicity. Due to this growing trend, a comprehensive chemical evaluation of plants used for medicinal purposes is necessary. Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium is a plant that has been used historically by Native Americans as an herbal medicine. It is a flowering plant belonging to the Asteraceae family indigenous to the Eastern United States. There are documented accounts of the Native Americans using the herb therapeutically. Reportedly, they used the plant to prepare tea and as filler for bedding. Additionally, they smoked the plant material. To date, there has been little research published on the chemical composition of this plant. Thus, the objective of this work was to conduct a chemical survey of P. obtusifolium using methodologies that would simulate the three historical routes of administration (tea, bedding material, and smoke inhalation). To determine the types of compounds that may be found in the plant, initial experiments using pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) with an ethanolic solvent were performed followed by analysis using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in scan mode. This extraction technique enabled a broad range of compounds to be identified. For the analysis of the tea, the leaves and the flowers were ground and analyzed separately. The “tea” simulation was then performed using a water extraction which was then back extracted into dichloromethane for GC-MS analysis in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode. Seventeen target compounds (terpenes, terpinoids, flavanoids, etc.) were quantified using this method. A bedding material simulation was performed using headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) to collect the volatile and/or semi-volatile components of the headspace. The compounds collected on the SPME fiber were then analyzed by GC-MS in scan and SIM modes to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the types of chemical compounds (most of which were terpenes) that may be off-gassed from bedding material. This analysis compared levels of compounds in two different crop years and four terpene compounds were quantified. To simulate smoking of the plant material, the leaves and flowers were fashioned into smoking articles. Sample collection was performed by a smoking machine and smoke condensate was collected. The smoke condensate was then analyzed by GC-MS in scan mode. As combustion and pyrolysis of plant material are known to produce toxic products, specific potentially harmful compounds were investigated and quantified. This chemical analysis of P. obtusifolium identified target compounds that can be found in the three simulated usage forms. Identification of these compounds gives insight on why the Native Americans may have used P. obtusifolium as an herbal medicine. Among the detected compounds, there were many unknowns. Elucidating these unknown compounds will be important in the effort to understand the full chemical profile of this plant.
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Gut, Samuel. "Synthese von (2R,2'R)-beta,beta-Carotin-2,2'-diol : Beiträge zur Synthese des Tropanalkaloids 6 beta-Acetoxynortropan-2 beta-ol aus Erycibe Obtusifolia /." Bern, 1987. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Lyra, de Vasconcelos Cabral Daniela. "Influência dos parâmetros biométricos sobre o teor de taninos em Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engl.) Fr. All. e Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. ex Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3251.

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A região Nordeste do Brasil foi durante muito tempo esquecida por apresentar grande parte de sua extensão formada por vegetação tipicamente seca. Atualmente esta idéia vem sendo posta de lado, pois este bioma tem revelado uma imensa diversidade com várias plantas usadas com finalidade medicinal. Duas espécies amplamente utilizadas por populações locais são Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engl.) Fr. All. conhecida popularmente como Aroeira do Sertão e Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. ex Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. de nome vulgar Quixabeira ou Rompe Gibão. A população usa as cascas dos caules desses vegetais para preparar extratos utilizados principalmente para o tratamento de inflamações do trato genital feminino e também como cicatrizante. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar se os parâmetros biométricos (diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), espessura da casca e altura) influenciam a produção de taninos nestas duas espécies, o que pode contribuir na identificação de indicadores que direcionem a indústria farmacêutica a coletar amostras com alto rendimento de taninos, bem como subsidiar estratégias de coleta sustentável. O método de difusão radial foi utilizado para obtenção dos teores de taninos, pois é ideal quando se utiliza um grande número de amostras. O método de Folin-Ciocalteu foi utilizado com algumas amostras representativas das classes diamétricas de cada espécie com a finalidade de comparar os resultados com os obtidos por difusão radial. Os parâmetros biométricos altura, diâmetro à altura do peito e espessura da casca do caule não influenciaram a produção de taninos nas espécies estudadas. Foi observado em M. urundeuva teor médio de 7,88 ± 1,71, já para S. obtusifolium a média dos teores foi de 2,32 ± 0,83. O diâmetro à altura do peito e a espessura da casca se relacionaram positivamente de maneira linear, sendo esta relação maior para a espécie Sideroxylon obtusifolium. O método de difusão radial pode ser utilizado com segurança já que este se apresentou eficaz, não necessita de equipamentos sofisticados, é de fácil execução e possui baixo custo. A partir do exposto, propõe-se que a coleta de cascas do caule seja realizada em indivíduos de maior porte, ou seja, maior diâmetro à altura do peito, já que estes podem suportar melhor a pressão extrativista. Além disso, como a espessura das cascas não explica maiores teores de taninos e plantas com maior diâmetro tendem a apresentar cascas mais espessas, estas podem oferecer maior quantidade de biomassa podendo reduzir a extensão do dano extrativista
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Ferreira, Neto Mario Eduardo [UNESP]. "Glyphosate, suas combinações com outros herbicidas e formulações no controle de plantas daninhas importantes na cultura da soja." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96993.

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Monsanto
A adoção da tecnologia Roundup-Ready® de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja foi bastante rápida e extensa expondo-a a uma grande diversidade de situações de composição especifica de comunidades infestantes, características edáficas e climáticas e de práticas agrícolas. Em alguns anos, passaram a serem identificadas plantas daninhas com maiores dificuldades de controle pelo glyphosate e que passaram a ser selecionadas e suas importâncias aumentadas nos agroecossistemas. Com o objetivo de estudar o controle de plantas daninhas em soja geneticamente modificada para tolerância ao glyphosate dois ensaios foram conduzidos um a campo e outro em condições de casa de vegetação. O ensaio de campo foi conduzido no Pontal do Paranapanema e foram avaliados os controles de plantas daninhas e seletividade à cultura da soja do glyphosate aplicado isolado e em combinação com diclosulam, cloransulam-methyl, flumioxazin e s-metolachlor. Foram dois grupos de tratamentos: um com aplicação única e outro com aplicação seqüencial de glyphosate. No campo, o experimento obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os resultados mostraram que aplicações seqüenciais proporcionaram melhor controle de Commelina benghalensis, mas não incrementaram o de Ipomoea triloba. Os melhores níveis de produtividade foram obtidos nas parcelas tratadas com a combinação de flumioxazin ou s-metolachlor com glyphosate, com ou sem aplicação seqüencial. Um segundo grupo de ensaios foi conduzido em vasos com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade biológica de diferentes doses e formulações do glyphosate em Macroptilium lathyroides, Euphorbia heterophylla e Senna obtusifolia em estádio de desenvolvimento em que regularmente há dificuldade de controle nas condições de campo. Todos os ensaios obedeceram ao delineamento...
The adoption of the Roundup-Ready® technology for weed control in soybeans was very quick and extensive. With the geographic expansion, the Roundup-Ready® soybeans met a big diversity of situations of weed composition, spil and climate features, and agronomic practices. After some years, certain weeds were identified as more tolerant to glyphosate and were selected in Roundup-Ready® soybean growing areas. So, two assays were carried out aiming to evaluate the weed control in Roundup-Ready® soybean. The first experiment was conducted under field conditions and the use of glyphosate alone or mixed with diclosulam, cloransulammethyl, flumioxazin, and s-metolachlor were evaluated under two situations: single spraying or followed of a complementary spraying of glyphosate, 14 days after the first one. The complementary application of glyphosate increased the Commelina benghalensis control, but did not change Ipomoea triloba control. The better productivity levels were achieved using the treatments with flumioxazin or s-metolachlor + glyphosate, with or without the complementary applicatrin. The second group of assays was carried under pot conditions out aiming to evaluate the biological activity of different doses and formulations of glyphosate in the control of Macroptilium lathyroides, Euphorbia heterophylla and Senna obtusifolia at growth stage in which some control difficulties were reported, under field conditions. A greenhouse essay was carried out under for each weed in the completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design considering three commercial formulations (Roundup Original®, Roundup-Ready® e Roundup Ultra®) and four doses (2,32; 1,68; 1,15 e 0,57 kg.ha-1) of glyphosate. Additionally, a control plot without chemical control was considered. The results showed that the three weeds had differential... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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31

Pedra, Gabriel Ghizzi. "Variações do nicho das espécies de figueiras e a importância do dispersor e do hospedeiro na manutenção das populações de Ficus obtusifolia no Pantanal Sul." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3658.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The relationships between fig trees and their hosts, as well as other traits, can be determinated by factors that act in response to the environment (ecological) wich are and the historical factors expressed in filogeny (evolutionary). The occurrence of a species in a habitat is the result of the balance between ecological and niche conservation processes. Thus the aim of this study is to investigate if the differences in the occurrence of the fig trees in the available habitats are determinated by historical or current factors. The work was performed in the forestry remnants (capões) in south Pantanal where a survey of the fig trees found was conducted and identified the habitat (hemiepiphyte or non-hemiepiphyte) as well as the species of the hosts. We find that the niches of the fig species were not phylogenetically conserved within the group (genus Ficus) and that the current processes are determining their niche. There was specialization on the species of hosts. We discuss how the fig species coexists the capões of south Pantanal.
A intensidade da relação das figueiras com seus hospedeiros, assim como outros traços, podem ser determinados por fatores que atuam em resposta ao ambiente no qual estão (ecológicos) e fatores históricos que são expressos na filogenia (evolutivos). A ocorrência de uma dada espécie em um habitat é fruto do balanço entre pressões ecológicas e o processo de conservação de nicho. Com isso, o objetivo do nosso estudo é investigar se a diferença na ocorrência das espécies de figueiras entre os habitats disponíveis é determinada por fatores históricos (filogenéticos) ou atuais. O trabalho foi realizado nos capões de mata do Pantanal Sul, onde foi feito o levantamento das figueiras que foram encontradas e identificadas o hábito (hemiepifitico ou não) e a espécie de hospedeiro quando possível. Encontramos que os nichos das espécies não foram conservados filogenéticamente dentro do grupo (gênero Ficus) e que os processos atuais estão determinando seu nicho. Houve uma especialização de todas as espécies por uma única espécie de hospedeiro. Neste trabalho nós discutimos como as espécies de figueiras coexistem nos capões do Pantanal Sul.
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32

Pitelli, Robinson Luiz de Campos Machado. "Metodologia de produção de inóculo e efeito de períodos de molhamento foliar e da temperatura na infecção de plântulas de Senna obtusifolia por Alternaria cassiae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-20181127-162051/.

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Senna obtusifolia é uma planta daninha da família Leguminosae outrora conhecida como Cassia obtusifolia. Esta espécie, conhecida popularmente por fedegoso, pode ser encontrada nos EUA e nas regiões tropicais da América, Ásia e África. Embora seja muito comum em áreas agrícolas brasileiras, é altamente problemática apenas à cultura da soja na região Centro-oeste. O fungo Alternaria cassiae foi descoberto em 1960, mas apenas em 1981 foi demonstrado seu potencial como agente de controle biológico de plantas de Senna obtusifolia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método de baixo custo para esporulação massal de Alternaria cassiae e estudar o efeito de períodos de molhamento foliar e de diferentes temperaturas na infecção e colonização de Senna obtusifolia por Alternaria cassiae. A técnica de esporulação em meio sólido é baseada na raspagem do micélio aéreo e exposição do fungo a regimes de 12 horas de luz por 24 horas de escuro. O meio V8 sólido foi o melhor meio para esporulação do fungo seguido pelo meio de suco de tomate. Em meio líquido, a esporulação é induzida após trituração do micélio em liqüidificador seguido da secagem em placas forradas com papel de filtro as quais são submetidas a 12 horas de luz por 24 horas de escuro. O meio de suco de tomate foi o melhor meio para esporulação do fungo em meio líquido. Plantas de fedegoso foram inoculadas com Alternaria cassiae e submetidas a diferentes períodos de molhamento foliar (4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48h) sob temperatura constante de 25°C. A incidência da doença (número de folíolos mortos) foi maior em plantas submetidas a períodos prolongados de molhamento foliar aplicados imediatamente após a inoculação (24 e 48h). Plantas não submetidas a molhamento foliar após a inoculação não apresentaram sintomas. O acúmulo final de matéria seca das plantas diminuiu conforme aumentou o período de molhamento foliar. O efeito conjunto da temperatura e do período de molhamento foliar foi avaliado mediante inoculação de plantas de fedegoso com Alternaria cassiae e incubação em cinco temperaturas (17, 20, 23, 26 e 30°C) e três períodos de molhamento foliar (8, 12 e 16h). Sob temperaturas mais baixas (17, 20 e 23°C), a incidência da doença (mortalidade relativa) foi mais alta com períodos de molhamento foliar de 8 e 12 horas quando comparada com temperaturas mais altas (26 e 30°C). Plantas submetidas a período de molhamento foliar de 16 horas não apresentaram diferenças quanto à temperatura de incubação, com exceção da temperatura de 30°C. O acúmulo final de matéria seca também apresenta a mesma tendência, ocorrendo portanto um maior acúmulo em temperaturas mais altas
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33

Harris, Sue-Re. "Phosphorus sensitivity in species of Proteaceae (Protea obtusifolia, Leucadendron coniferum and Leucadendron salignum) from different soil habitats : possible candidates for growth on former agricultural soils high in P." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26186.

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The phosphorus (P) uptake capacities and tolerance to high P of three Proteaceae species from acid (Leucadenron coniferum, Leucadendron salignum) and alkaline (Protea obtusifolia, Leucadedndron meridianum) soils in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) were compared. These species were also investigated as potential candidates for growth on nutrient enriched, post-agricultural soils. In parallel, two crop plant species (Lupinus albus, with cluster roots; and L. angustifolius, without cluster roots) were also compared. The cluster-root forming species (L. albus) was more sensitive to higher P levels and showed toxicity in terms of photosynthesis, efficiency of PSII, transpiration and stomatal conductance. Growth, gaseous exchange and efficiency of photosystem II (as a measure of stress) were determined at 1, 10 and 100 μg P g⁻¹ sand for both lupins and Proteaceae. Kinetics of P uptake (in hydroponics) was determined at a range ( 4 to 2000 μM P) of P concentrations. Phosphorus sensitivity was relatively high in Ld. coniferum as evident from reduced growth, net photosynthetic rate, stomata} conductance and transpiration rates. Protea obtusifolia showed the least sensitivity to increased phosphorus concentrations under acidic and native alkaline conditions. The inability to regulate P uptake rates at elevated phosphorus concentrations and excessive P accumulation were major determinants of P sensitivity. The relatively higher P sensitivity of Lupinus albus compared to L. angustifolius is likely related to the efficient P uptake by cluster roots in the former.
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CORREIA, Lidiane Pinto. "Avaliação da qualidade física, química e biológica de pós das drogas vegetais da caraibeira (Tabebuia caraiba), quixabeira (Sideroxylon obtusifolium) e bom-nome (Maytenus rigida) em diferentes tamanhos de partículas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18463.

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O estudo de plantas medicinais como fonte de tratamento das mais diversas enfermidades é milenar, tendo em vista seu vasto uso embasado no conhecimento popular. Estudar essas espécies vegetais, de forma a caracterizá-las fisicamente, quimicamente e biologicamente tem sua importância para que o dito popular seja embasado cientificamente e parâmetros como eficácia e segurança sejam assegurados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar características físicas, químicas e biológicas de três espécies vegetais (Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium e Maytenus rigida) típicas do semiárido paraibano, com intuito de fornecer informações concretas acerca das suas características e do seu uso. Foram utilizados diferentes faixas de tamanhos de partículas para cada espécie, as quais, posteriormente, foram utilizadas na forma de droga vegetal (pó seco) e derivados (infusos e extrato liofilizado). As amostras utilizadas foram nomeadas: CAR00, CAR01, CAR02 e CAR03; QU00, QU01, QU02 e QU03; e MR00, MR01, MR02, MR03; referindo-se a Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium e Maytenus rigida, respectivamente. Para caracterização física e química utilizaram-se as técnicas analíticas microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) com espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), técnicas térmicas (Termogravimetria (TG) e Análise Térmica Diferencial (DTA)) e pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa (Pir-CG/EM). Para investigar o efeito da atividade antioxidante, bem como da citotoxicidade das amostras obtidas de pós de diferentes tamanhos de partícula utilizaram-se os seguintes ensaios: sistema de varredura do radical 2,2 difenil-1-pricril-hidrazil (DPPH), capacidade redutora (RP), capacidade de absorção de Radicais de Oxigênio (ORAC) e citotoxicidade (células Caco-2). Para validação do método analítico de identificação e quantificação, utilizou-se um cromatógrafo líquido de alta eficiência (HPLC). Através da termogravimetria utilizando o modelo adaptado de Ozawa foi possível diferenciar através dos parâmetros cinéticos obtidos (Ea, ordem de reação, percentual de perda de massa) as amostras de CAR de diferentes granulometrias. Os tamanhos volumétricos das partícula de QU e MR foram especificados através da MEV. Através dos dados térmicos da TG, DTA e Pir-CG/EM caracterizaram-se as drogas vegetais QU e MR, verificando diferenças dos resultados de acordo com a distribuição do tamanho das partículas. Através dos testes de determinação de resíduo seco, fenólicos e flavonoides verificaram-se diferenças quantitativas dos teores. As capacidades antioxidantes para as três espécies estudadas variaram para as diferentes granulometrias quando avaliadas através dos testes de DPPH, RP e ORAC. Levando-se em consideração o limite de 70% de viabilidade celular,observou-se que as diferentes granulometrias dos pós podem influenciar no dano celular. De acordo com os dados obtidos através das diferentes técnicas analíticas e ensaios biológicos, afirma-se que a propriedade física tamanho de partícula pode influenciar nos parâmetros de qualidade física, química e biológica de drogas vegetais, sendo importante a padronização da matéria-prima vegetal de forma a garantir a homogeneidade dos pré-requisitos que regem um produto de qualidade, segurança e eficácia
Herbal medicine studies as a source of several diseases treatment is age-old, based in its wide use grounded in popular knowledge. To study these species considering its physical, chemical and biological characteristics has its importance to scientifically support the popular herbal medicines use, ensuring parameters such as efficacy and safety to the users. This work aimed to evaluate physical, chemical and biological three typical plant species (Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Maytenus rigida) from the semiarid Paraiba region, aiming to provide concrete information about their characteristics and use. Different particle size ranges were used for each species, which were used like herbal medicine (dry powder) and derivatives (infuses and lyophilized extracts). The samples used were named: CAR00, CAR01, CAR02 and CAR03; QU00, QU01, QU02 and QU03; and MR00, MR01, MR02, MR03; referring to Tabebuia caraiba, Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Maytenus rigida, respectively. For physical and chemical characterization we used the analytical techniques scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermal techniques (Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)) and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC / MS). To investigate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity effect of the different particle sizes samples it was used the following tests: scanning radical system of 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricril hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power (RP), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), and cytotoxicity (Caco-2 cells). To the analytical method identification and quantification validation it was used a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). TG data using adapted Ozawa model allowed differentiate through kinetic parameters obtained (Ea, reaction order, weight loss percentage) the different particle size CAR samples. The volumetric size of QU and MR particles were specified by SEM. Through the thermal data of the TG, DTA and Pyr-GC / MS the herbal medicines QU and MR were characterized and it was checked differences in the results according to its particle size distribution. The determination of dry residue tests, phenolics and flavonoids showed quantitative differences levels. The antioxidant capacities for the three species studied varied to the different powder particle sizes when evaluated through DPPH test, RP and ORAC. Considering the cell viability limit of 70% like the parameter to the determination of citotoxicity, it was observed variations between the obtained results and the different particle sizes could influence in the cellular damage. According to the data obtained through analytical techniques and biological assays, it was evidenced that the physical property particle size may influence the physical, chemical and biological herbal medicine quality parameters. So, it is important to standardize the raw material to ensure the product prerequisites of homogeneity: quality, safety and efficacy.
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35

Anssour, Samir [Verfasser], Ian Thomas [Gutachter] Baldwin, Hans Peter [Gutachter] Saluz, and Jefery [Gutachter] Chen. "Functional consequences of natural and synthetic polyploidization of Nicotiana attenuata and N. obtusifolia- special focus on expressed anti-herbivore response / Samir Anssour ; Gutachter: Ian Thomas Baldwin, Hans Peter Saluz, Jefery Chen." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2011. http://d-nb.info/117766299X/34.

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36

FERREIRA, Clébio Pereira. "Plantas medicinais empregadas no tratamento do Diabetes melittus:padronização e controle de qualidade." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4749.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Diabetes melittus is a endocrinous syndrome that reaches more than 6 % of the world-wide population and around 800 plants are used in the treatment of diabetes. In general, the medicinal plants are commerce without proceedings that guarantee the conservation. This study characterizes the anatomy and phytochemistry of the vegetative organs of three medicinal species used in the treatment of diabetes. Identifies and evaluate the quality of samples used in the treatment of diabetes commerced in the biggest public market of Pernambuco. The characterization of the species allowed the identification of cells and useful metabolites like markers, besides making possible the identification of the commerced samples. The results alert for the methods of conservation and the quality of the medicinal plants commerced in public markets. Samples of leaves commerced as “pata-de-vaca ” and of stem barks commerced as "quixabeira" presented rate of rejectionsuperior to 50 %, whereas all the samples of stem bark commerced as "mororó" were approved. The anatomical and phytochemical results, as well as the tests of purity, are important for the quality control of medicinal plants, since they guarantee the standardizationof these species and can be used like characters diagnosis to the identification.
Diabetes melittus é uma síndrome endócrina que atinge mais de 6% da população mundial e cerca de 800 espécies vegetais são utilizadas no tratamento do diabetes. Em geral, as plantas medicinais são comercializadas sem procedimentos que garantam sua conservação. Este estudo caracteriza a anatomia e fitoquímica dos órgãos vegetativos de três espécies medicinais usadas no tratamento do diabetes. Identifica e avalia a qualidade de amostras utilizadas no tratamento do diabetes comercializadas no maior mercado público de Pernambuco. A caracterização das espécies permitiu a identificação de células e metabólitos úteis como marcadores, além de possibilitar a identificação das amostras comercializadas. Os resultados alertam para o modo de conservação e a qualidade das plantas medicinais comercializadas em mercados públicos. Amostras de folhas comercializadas como “pata-de-vaca” e de cascas de caule comercializadas como “quixabeira” apresentaram índice de rejeição superior a 50%, enquanto que todas as amostras de casca de caule comercializadas como “mororó” foram aprovadas. Os resultados da anatomia e fitoquímica, assim como os testes de pureza, são importantes para o controle de qualidade de plantas medicinais, pois garantem a padronização destas espécies e podem ser usados como caracteres diagnóstico na sua identificação.
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37

Ferreira, Neto Mario Eduardo. "Glyphosate, suas combinações com outros herbicidas e formulações no controle de plantas daninhas importantes na cultura da soja /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96993.

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Orientador: Robinson Antonio Pitelli
Banca: Ricardo Victória Filho
Banca: Silvano Bianco
Resumo: A adoção da tecnologia Roundup-Ready® de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja foi bastante rápida e extensa expondo-a a uma grande diversidade de situações de composição especifica de comunidades infestantes, características edáficas e climáticas e de práticas agrícolas. Em alguns anos, passaram a serem identificadas plantas daninhas com maiores dificuldades de controle pelo glyphosate e que passaram a ser selecionadas e suas importâncias aumentadas nos agroecossistemas. Com o objetivo de estudar o controle de plantas daninhas em soja geneticamente modificada para tolerância ao glyphosate dois ensaios foram conduzidos um a campo e outro em condições de casa de vegetação. O ensaio de campo foi conduzido no Pontal do Paranapanema e foram avaliados os controles de plantas daninhas e seletividade à cultura da soja do glyphosate aplicado isolado e em combinação com diclosulam, cloransulam-methyl, flumioxazin e s-metolachlor. Foram dois grupos de tratamentos: um com aplicação única e outro com aplicação seqüencial de glyphosate. No campo, o experimento obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os resultados mostraram que aplicações seqüenciais proporcionaram melhor controle de Commelina benghalensis, mas não incrementaram o de Ipomoea triloba. Os melhores níveis de produtividade foram obtidos nas parcelas tratadas com a combinação de flumioxazin ou s-metolachlor com glyphosate, com ou sem aplicação seqüencial. Um segundo grupo de ensaios foi conduzido em vasos com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade biológica de diferentes doses e formulações do glyphosate em Macroptilium lathyroides, Euphorbia heterophylla e Senna obtusifolia em estádio de desenvolvimento em que regularmente há dificuldade de controle nas condições de campo. Todos os ensaios obedeceram ao delineamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The adoption of the Roundup-Ready® technology for weed control in soybeans was very quick and extensive. With the geographic expansion, the Roundup-Ready® soybeans met a big diversity of situations of weed composition, spil and climate features, and agronomic practices. After some years, certain weeds were identified as more tolerant to glyphosate and were selected in Roundup-Ready® soybean growing areas. So, two assays were carried out aiming to evaluate the weed control in Roundup-Ready® soybean. The first experiment was conducted under field conditions and the use of glyphosate alone or mixed with diclosulam, cloransulammethyl, flumioxazin, and s-metolachlor were evaluated under two situations: single spraying or followed of a complementary spraying of glyphosate, 14 days after the first one. The complementary application of glyphosate increased the Commelina benghalensis control, but did not change Ipomoea triloba control. The better productivity levels were achieved using the treatments with flumioxazin or s-metolachlor + glyphosate, with or without the complementary applicatrin. The second group of assays was carried under pot conditions out aiming to evaluate the biological activity of different doses and formulations of glyphosate in the control of Macroptilium lathyroides, Euphorbia heterophylla and Senna obtusifolia at growth stage in which some control difficulties were reported, under field conditions. A greenhouse essay was carried out under for each weed in the completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design considering three commercial formulations (Roundup Original®, Roundup-Ready® e Roundup Ultra®) and four doses (2,32; 1,68; 1,15 e 0,57 kg.ha-1) of glyphosate. Additionally, a control plot without chemical control was considered. The results showed that the three weeds had differential... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Fondom, Nicolas Yebit. "PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATIONS IN SOME CAM SPECIES UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF LEAF ANATOMY." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1260552594.

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Corio-Costet, Marie-France. "Modification par le fenpropimorphe du profil sterolique de plantes et effet sur le metabolisme steroidien d'un insecte phytophage (locusta migratoria)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13155.

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Abstract:
Nous avons adopte une strategie, consistant en la modification qualitative et quantitative de la composition sterolique de plantes. Pour cefaire, nous avons traite des plantes a l'aide d'inhibiteurs de la biosynthese des sterols, possedant essentiellement deux cibles: la cycloeucalenol-obtusifoliol isomerase et la delta-huit-delta-sept-sterol isomerase. En agissant de la sorte, en bloquant diverses etapes de la biosynthese des phytosterols, nous accumulons de nouveaux sterols, en l'occurence des cyclopropylsterols. La molecule utilisee pour induire de telles modifications, est un fongicide systemique: le fenpropimorphe. Nous avons etudie le comportement de cette molecule en tant qu'inhibiteur chez des cellules animales (fibroblastes de souris) et chez des cellules vegetales (mais et ble)
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40

O'Brien, Martin. "Événements de signalisation impliqués dans la production des gamètes, la pollinisation et l'embryogenèse chez Solanum chacoense Bitt." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15564.

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41

Chang, Hao-Jie, and 張浩杰. "Ecophysiological Studies on the Seed Germination of Senna obtusifolia and Senna occidentalis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8vqfp7.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
農藝學系研究所
106
This study focused on investigating the effects of seed germination of Sickle Senna (Senna obtusifolia) and Coffee Senna (Senna occidentalis) with different herbicides and environmental factors such as different temperatures (constant and alternate), water potential, salt concentration, pH value, light quality, oxygen concentration and depth of burying. The results were as follow. The seed germination temperature of Sickle Senna was from 15 to 45℃、Coffee Senna was from 10 to 45℃. Sickle Senna had the highest seed germination percentage at constant temperature 25℃(80 %) and 30℃(92 %); Coffee Senna also had the highest seed germination percentage at 25℃(71 %) and 30℃(86 %), and moreover, Both of them could germinate at high temperature of 45℃. Alternate temperature environments had better seed germination ability than constant temperature environments, and alternate temperature 30/25℃ had the best seed germination ability, Sickle Senna’s seed germination percentage was 99 % and Coffee Senna’s was 92 % ; Sickle Senna seeds could germinated with water potential 0 to -0.5 MPa、Coffee Senna seeds could germinated with water potential 0 to -0.4 MPa ,Sickle Senna had the highest seed germination percentage (95 % and 66 %)with water potential 0 to - 0.1 MPa and Coffee Senna had the highest seed germination percentage (91 % and 64 %) among water potential 0 to - 0.1 MPa treatment. Both of them could germinate under salt concentration 0 - 0.6 %, Sickle Senna could germinate under salt concentration - 0.8 % (13 %). Both of them had the highest seed germination percentage at pH 6. Both white light and red light were the best light quality for seed germination, the germination percentage were over 87 %. Dark environment will be inhibited germination and made the germination percentage with 69 %. Germination with light and oxygen had the best seed germination percentage. Seeds were unable to germinate without oxygen, no matter with light or in the dark. Burying seeds in the depth of 0-2 cm had the highest emergence percentage which were 68-99 %, but the rate decreased when the depth were over 5.0 cm. Both of them were unable to sprout out from soil when the depth were over 8.0 cm. The effect of different herbicides on Sickle Senna and Coffee Senna seed’s germination percentage showed that both of them could not germinate under same dilution of 1000 times with paraquat(1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) and alachlor(2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N-methoxymethylacetanilide), but both of them could reached 17 % of seed germination percentage when treated with pendimethalin(N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine); both of their seed germination percentage could reach 11 % when treated with glyphosate(N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine). Therefore, using paraquat and alachlor had better result of inhibited Sickle Senna and Coffee Senna seed’s germination. The more paraquat andglyphosate isopropylamine salt are used, the lower fresh weight of Sickle Senna and Coffee Senna are obtained.
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42

Shih, Ya-Hui, and 施雅惠. "Screening of Antihypertensive Peptides Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Cassia obtusifolia Seeds Using Proteomics Approach." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59502394848428484598.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
生物科技系所
104
Hypertension has been a serious disease of modern civilization, although many therapeutic drugs have been developed. However, these synthetic drugs usually accompany with many side effects. With the growing health awareness, the use of natural ingredients for health purposes is getting popular. Since 1979, more and more studies have focused on blood pressure-lowering peptides derived from natural food sources, such as soybeans and milk. Compared with synthetic drugs, short-chain active peptides are easy to be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and show minimal side effects. .   Cassia obtusifolia seed(COS) has long been regarded as food and the current modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that cassia seed tea can be used as a complementary medicine to treat various eye diseases, hypertension, high cholesterol (fat) and constipation. However, the active components have not been well characterized. Therefore this study aims to screen hypertensive peptides from thermolysin digest of natural plant seeds " Cassia obtusifolia ". In this study, reverse phased high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and strong cation exchange chromatography (SCX) were used for orthogonal fractionation, and in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ) inhibitory assay was used to screen the most active fractions. The ACE inhibitory peptides in the most active RP and SCX fraction were de novo sequenced using a high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q Exactive ™ Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap). Two major peptide sequences FK-6 , I (L) YI (L)PH were identified and their identities and ACE inhibitory activities were confirmed using synthetic peptides. The IC50 of FK-6 was determined as 17.5±1.9 μM. The inhibition kinetics indicated that FK-6 is a competitive inhibitor and the study of its pre-incubation with ACE showed that the IC50 value was not significantly changed compared with that of post-incubation, which revealed that the inhibition type of FK-6 is true inhibitor. The interaction of FK-6 and ACE was simulated using molecular docking and the result showed that FK-6 can interact with several key residues in the active site of ACE, which is consistent with the result of inhibition kinetics. Moreover, the in vivo hypertensive effect of FK-6 was demonstrated using the animal model of spontaneously hypertensive rat. In this study, we concluded that thermolysin hydrolysate of COS contained a potent antihypertensive peptide which is potential for health food development.
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43

Place, George Thomas. "Effects of high bulk density soil layers on root distribution, resource acquisition and root morphology of soybean (Glycine max), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) and palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)." 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02202007-124135/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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