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Journal articles on the topic 'Occipital bone Occipital Bone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Agrawal, Amit, Reddy V. Umamaheshwara, Kishor V. Hegde, P. Suneetha, and Divya Siddharth Kolikipudi. "Giant high occipital encephalocele." Romanian Neurosurgery 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2016-0020.

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Abstract Encephaloceles are rare embryological mesenchymal developmental anomalies resulting from inappropriate ossification in skull through with herniation of intracranial contents of the sac. Encephaloceles are classified based on location of the osseous defect and contents of sac. Convexity encephalocele with osseous defect in occipital bone is called occipital encephalocele. Giant occipital encephaloceles can be sometimes larger than the size of baby skull itself and they pose a great surgical challenge. Occipital encephaloceles (OE) are further classified as high OE when defect is only in occipital bone above the foramen magnum, low OE when involving occipital bone and foramen magnum and occipito-cervical when there involvement of occipital bone, foramen magnum and posterior upper neural arches. Chiari III malformation can be associated with high or low occipital encephaloceles. Pre-operatively, it is essential to know the size of the sac, contents of the sac, relation to the adjacent structures, presence or absence of venous sinuses/vascular structures and osseous defect size. Sometimes it becomes imperative to perform both CT and MRI for the necessary information. Volume rendered CT images can depict the relation of osseous defect to foramen magnum and provide information about upper neural arches which is necessary in classifying these lesions.

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2

Sharma, Vivek, and Goodwin Newton. "Osteoclastoma of occipital bone." Yonsei Medical Journal 32, no. 2 (1991): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.1991.32.2.169.

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3

Petro, Melanie L., and John A. Lancon. "Occipital Aneurysmal Bone Cyst." Pediatric Neurosurgery 34, no. 1 (2001): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000055992.

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4

Braun, Jacob, Joseph N. Guilburd, Bernardo Borovich, Dorith Goldsher, Helian Mendelson, and Hedviga Kerner. "Occipital Aneurysmal Bone Cyst." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 11, no. 5 (September 1987): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198709000-00027.

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5

Kim, Peter Chanwoo, Yong Don Kim, and Dae Hwan Park. "Occipitofrontal Switching for Simultaneous Correction of Synostotic Frontal and Occipital Plagiocephaly: A Novel Surgical Technique." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 3, no. 3 (September 2010): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1263081.

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Plagiocephaly has traditionally been corrected by unilateral or bilateral frontal bone advancement or rotation using bone-molding forceps and distraction devices. Complete symmetrical correction of deformed frontal bones is considered almost impossible because the curvature of each frontal bone varies. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring the optimal curvature of frontal and occipital bones using a plaster skull model and applying these measurements to “switch” them for simultaneous correction of frontal and occipital plagiocephaly. A 2-year-old girl suffering from unifrontal flattening visited our clinic. Unilateral coronal synostosis was observed. The 3-D rapid prototype model and skull replica method using thin paper clay were used for preplanned virtual surgery. The triangular bone was harvested from the contralateral bulging side of the occipital bone (“occipitofrontal switching”) for the best optimal curvature in the affected frontal bone. Another triangular bone was harvested from the ipsilateral flattened side of the frontal bone, and bones were switched with each other. Further bending of the frontal or occipital segment was not necessary for optimal curvature. Symmetrical correction was made by switching the triangular bone of the frontal area with that of the contralateral occipital area. Revision has not been necessary, and infection was not observed at 1-year follow-up. Our novel technique of preplanning surgery using a 3-D plaster model for simultaneous correction of frontal and occipital plagiocephaly is effective and time-saving.

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6

Purkayastha, S., A. K. Gupta, T. R. Kapilamoorthy, N. K. Bodhey, and B. Thomas. "Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Skull." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 18, no. 5-6 (December 2005): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090501800515.

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An aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign lesion usually involving the long bones, vertebrae including odontoid, hypoid and mandible. Skull is a rare site for aneurysmal bone cyst. Only 3% occur in the cranium and sites of involvement include temporal, occipital, orbital, frontal, parietal, ethmoids and sphenoid bones in order of frequency. We report two cases of aneurysmal bone cysts in occipital bone and maxilla. We discuss the radiological features, surgical findings and emphasize the role of endovascular management in these lesions.

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7

Pans, Steven, Iwan Van Breuseghem, Eric Geusens, and Peter Brys. "Extensive Occipital Bone Pneumatization Presenting as an Occipital Mass." American Journal of Roentgenology 181, no. 3 (September 2003): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.181.3.1810891.

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8

Kalina, Peter, and Nicholas Wetjen. "Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Occipital Bone." Journal of Pediatrics 167, no. 2 (August 2015): 496–496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.029.

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9

Sandhu, MS, V. Ojili, and RK Kaza. "PrimaryEwing′s sarcomaof occipital bone." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 16, no. 3 (2006): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-3026.29015.

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10

Moss, Mary, Michael Biggs, Paul Fagan, Martin Forer, Martin Davis, and Jim Roche. "Complications of occipital bone pneumatization." Australasian Radiology 48, no. 2 (June 2004): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.2004.01284.x.

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11

Agrawal, Amit, Arvind Bhake, Pankaj Banode, and Brij Raj Singh. "Malignant hemangioendothelioma of occipital bone." Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 24, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11670-012-0161-4.

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12

Bhattarai, Manoj. "Radiological Mapping Of Nepalese Calvaria." Journal of Nobel Medical College 2, no. 1 (March 3, 2013): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7670.

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Introduction Skull has cranial vault and base. The cranial vault is called as calvarium which roofs the cranial cavity (brain box).Cranial vault consists of frontal, parietal and occipital bones. Total thickness of calvarial bones includes outer table, diploe and inner table. Diploe is made up of spongy bone whereas outer and inner table made up of compact bone. Objective To measure the thickness of Nepalese calvarial bones i.e. Frontal, Parietal and Occipital. Methods It is a hospital base cross-sectional study. CT records of one hundred and fifty adult people were studied. Nine various points on frontal bone, seven on parietal and six on occipital were located and their thickness were measured bilaterally with help of CT scan. Results The present study showed that Mean thickness+_SD of frontal bone were 6.1+_1.8mm; parietal 4.6+_2.2 and occipital 9.5+_3.4. The study also showed that frontal bone had 2.4+_0.8 mm thick outer table; 1.4+_0.6mm inner table and 3.5+_1.3mm diploe. Similarly parietal bone had 1.9+_0.6 mm thick outer table; 1.1+_0.4mm inner table and 0.8+_0.5mm diploe. The occipital bone had 3.5+_1.5 mm thick outer table; 2.2+_0.8mm inner table and 4.3+_1.8mm diploe. Similarly this present study also calculated the mean thickness+_SD of outer table in the calvarium as 2.7+_1.3mm and that of inner table 1.5+_0.9 mm. Thus it concluded that outer table was thicker than inner table. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 31-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7670

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13

Zarghooni, Kourosh, Chrisoph K. Boese, Jan Siewe, Marc Röllinghoff, Peer Eysel, and Max J. Scheyerer. "Occipital bone thickness: Implications on occipital-cervical fusion. A cadaveric study." Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 50, no. 6 (December 2016): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aott.2016.04.003.

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14

Kumar, Rajinder, Sarat P. Chandra, and Bhawani Shanker Sharma. "Giant intradiploic pseudomeningocele of occipital bone." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 9, no. 1 (January 2012): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.10.peds1181.

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The management of intradiploic CSF collection is controversial. Although it is a benign lesion, even then delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to significant morbidity. The authors report a very rare case of giant posttraumatic intradiploic pseudomeningocele involving the occipital bone, occipital condyles, and clivus. The pathogenesis and management of intradiploic CSF collection are discussed. This 16-year-old boy presented with a history of enlarging swelling in the suboccipital region associated with headache, lower cranial nerve palsy, and features of high cervical compressive myelopathy. Investigations revealed a giant intradiploic lesion involving the occipital bone, condyles, and clivus associated with secondary basilar invagination, hydrocephalus, and syringomyelia. Intrathecal contrast administration did not reveal communication of intradiploic space with the subarachnoid space. A large occipital craniotomy was performed. A linear fracture and dural defect in the midline was identified, which was closed with fascial graft after removing the inner table of the skull. Cranioplasty was performed using the expanded calvarial bone. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion was performed for hydrocephalus, and the patient improved remarkably. Posttraumatic intradiploic CSF collection, although a benign condition, may present with severe complications if treatment is delayed. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential. The authors suggest that this condition should be treated early, as for growing skull fractures.

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15

Sener, R. N. "Air sinus in the occipital bone." American Journal of Roentgenology 159, no. 4 (October 1992): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.159.4.1529872.

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16

Ghosal, Nandita, Ruma Roy, Kalyan Reddy, and AS Hegde. "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor parieto-occipital bone." Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 53, no. 3 (2010): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.68296.

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17

Alli, Adam, Philip Johnson, and Alan Reeves. "Imaging Characteristics of Occipital Bone Osteoblastoma." Case Reports in Radiology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/930623.

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Osteoblastoma is a rare benign tumor of the calvarium. We present the case of a 20-year-old female with occipital osteoblastoma and discussion of imaging modalities of calvarial osteoblastoma. To our knowledge, this is the ninth reported case of occipital osteoblastoma. Imaging characterization of osteoblastoma may vary. Plain radiograph, CT, MRI, and CT angiography establish osteoblastoma characterization and vascular supply prior to surgical resection.

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18

Barr, Scott K. M., Martin S. Lacey, Christopher G. Scilley, and David T. Shum. "Epidermoid Cyst of the Occipital Bone." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 6, no. 2 (March 1995): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001665-199503000-00015.

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19

Ohnishi, Takanori, Yuzuru Oku, Kazumi Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki Morimura, and Yukitaka Ushio. "Benign chondroblastoma of the occipital bone." Surgical Neurology 24, no. 1 (July 1985): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(85)90064-3.

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20

Sheehan, J. M., and J. A. Jane Sr. "Occipital Bone Graft for Atlantoaxial Fusion." Acta Neurochirurgica 142, no. 6 (June 15, 2000): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070110.

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21

Binatlı, Özcan, Yusuf Erşahin, Serdar Coşkun, and Ümit Bayol. "Ossifying fibroma of the occipital bone." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 97, no. 1 (February 1995): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(94)00059-f.

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22

Kuzeyli, Kayhan, Soner Duru, Ertu?rul �akir, S�leyman Baykal, Sava� Ceylan, and Fadil Akt�rk. "Epidermoid tumor of the occipital bone." Neurosurgical Review 19, no. 2 (1996): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00418080.

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23

Tanaka, Akira, Tatsuroh Tanaka, Yutaka Irie, Shinya Yoshinaga, and Masamichi Tomonaga. "Elevation of the Petrous Bone Caused by Hyperplasia of the Occipital Bone Presenting as Hemifacial Spasm: Diagnostic Values of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Images in a Bone Anomaly." Neurosurgery 27, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 1004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199012000-00025.

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Abstract A case of elevation of the petrous bone due to hyperplasia of the occipital bone presenting as hemifacial spasm is reported. A 44-year-old man sought treatment for twitching of the buccal muscles on the right side that progressed rapidly in severity within 2 weeks of the onset. The anatomical details of the petrous and occipital bones were delineated clearly by computed tomographic scans of a bone window level. Details of the brain stem were shown by magnetic resonance images. The bone anomaly was displayed more realistically by three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstructions. The faithful representation of structures with these radiological studies should be mandatory, to prepare the surgical planning of such a complicated bone anomaly.

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24

Dávid, Károly, Zoltán Horváth, Anna Horváth, and Tamás Illés. "Aneurysmal bone cyst of the occipital bone: Case report." Surgical Neurology 40, no. 4 (October 1993): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(93)90146-r.

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25

George, Jessy Rose, Thomas Francis, Joseph Francis, and Jeffy Elizabeth Samuel. "MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF DRY HUMAN OCCIPITAL BONE AND ITS CLINICAL RELEVANCE." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 7, no. 1.2 (February 5, 2019): 6230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.447.

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26

Nikitin, A. S., and R. M. Nanaev. "Intraosseous arachnoid cyst of the skull. Clinical case." Russian journal of neurosurgery 22, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1683-3295-2020-22-3-60-65.

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The objective is to describe the clinical case of arachnoid cyst of occipital bone.Case report. Patient with arachnoid cyst of occipital bone was treated in the clinic of the A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. The patient had severe pain in the occipital region for several years, conservative treatment was ineffective. Neuroimaging revealed an unusual intraosseous defect in the occipital bone. A partial resection of the occipital bone was performed and cranioplasty was made. During operation it was discovered that the patient had an intraosseous arachnoid cyst, the diagnosis was further confirmed by histological examination. After surgery, regression of pain in the occipital region was noted.Conclusion. The intraosseous arachnoid cyst of the skull is an extremely rare and can cause a severe local headache. Surgery is an effective treatment of this pathology.

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27

Kawasaki, Toshinari, Kazumichi Yoshida, Takayuki Kikuchi, Akira Ishii, Yasushi Takagi, and Susumu Miyamoto. "Ruptured Aneurysms of the Occipital Artery Associated with Congenital Occipital Bone Defect." World Neurosurgery 97 (January 2017): 759.e13–759.e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.09.116.

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28

Spina, Alfio, Nicola Boari, Filippo Gagliardi, Lodoviga Giudice, and Pietro Mortini. "Atlanto-occipital dislocation due to aneurysmal bone cyst of the occipital condyle." Acta Neurochirurgica 158, no. 8 (June 24, 2016): 1637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-016-2880-7.

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29

Sadahiro, S., M. Nishimura, Y. Miyazaki, M. Shibata, and T. Aikawa. "Ganglion cyst arising from the composite occipito-atlanto-axial joint cavity in a cat." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 04 (2014): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-13-10-0119.

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SummaryA four-year-old, female spayed Domestic Longhaired cat was referred for evaluation with a two month history of initial inability to jump progressing to ambulatory tetraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrated a cystic lesion arising from the composite occipito-atlanto-axial joint cavity and extending to the region of the occipital bone and the axis. The lesion surrounded the spinal canal, causing moderate dorsal spinal cord compression at the atlanto-occipital joint. A dynamic myelographic study demonstrated attenuation of the dorsal contrast column at the atlanto-occipital joint when the cervical spine was positioned in extension. Partial excision of the cyst capsule by a ventral approach resulted in long-term (64 months) resolution of clinical signs. Histological evaluation was consistent with a ganglion cyst. An intra-spinal ganglion cyst arising from the composite occipito-atlanto-axial joint cavity may be considered as an uncommon differential diagnosis for cats with cervical myelopathy.

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30

Hara, Mutsuko, Masami Osaki, Osamu Hida, Kazue Hida, Masami Nakajima, Shingo Kinoshita, Mihoko Mori, and Eikichi Tokunaga. "Occipital Bone Osteosarcoma and Facial Nerve Palsy." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 103, no. 9 (2010): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.103.845.

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31

TAKANO, Shingo, Takao ENOMOTO, Hiroko ONIZUKA, and Tadao NOSE. "Cloverleaf Skull Syndrome with Occipital Bone Cristae." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 29, no. 8 (1989): 746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.29.746.

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32

Sagher, Oren, Jacek M. Malik, Joung H. Lee, Chris I. Shaffrey, Mark E. Shaffrey, Thomas A. Szabo, and John A. Jane. "Fusion with Occipital Bone for Atlantoaxial Instability." Neurosurgery 33, no. 5 (November 1993): 926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199311000-00025.

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33

Polat, Gökhan, and Hayri Ogul. "Intraosseous Meningioma Presenting as Occipital Bone Mass." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 58, no. 9 (August 19, 2018): 1454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13391.

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34

Sagher, Oren, Jacek M. Malik, Joung H. Lee, Chris I. Shaffrey, Mark E. Shaffrey, Thomas A. Szabo, and John A. Jane. "Fusion with Occipital Bone for Atlantoaxial Instability." Neurosurgery 33, no. 5 (November 1, 1993): 926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199311000-00025.

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35

Eggebo, T. M., J. Brathetland, H. U. Dirdal, and G. Houge. "Meningocele following aplasia of the occipital bone." Case Reports 2010, dec03 1 (February 17, 2011): bcr1020103437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.10.2010.3437.

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36

Kumaran, S. P., K. Gupta, H. Priyadarshini, and N. Ghosal. "Giant Intradiploic Epidermoid Cyst of Occipital Bone." Neuroradiology Journal 23, no. 6 (December 2010): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140091002300611.

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37

Esposito, G., G. M. Della Pepa, C. L. Sturiale, S. Gaudino, C. Anile, and A. Pompucci. "Hypertrophic Arachnoid Granulation of the Occipital Bone." Clinical Neuroradiology 21, no. 4 (March 1, 2011): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00062-011-0059-4.

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38

Rangarajan, Vithal, Amit Mahore, Manoj Patil, Prashant Sathe, Amol Kaswa, Sandeep Gore, Pralhad Dharurkar, and Juhi Kawale. "Brain Herniation in Neurofibromatosis with Dysplasia of Occipital Bone and Posterior Skull Base." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/816079.

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A 22-year-old female, a known case of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), presented with a congenital swelling in the left occipital region. She had developed recent onset dysphagia and localized occipital headache. Neuroradiology revealed a left occipital meningoencephalocele and a left parapharyngeal meningocele. This was associated with ventriculomegaly. She was advised on cranioplasty along with duraplasty which she denied. She agreed to a lumbar-peritoneal shunt. She described a dramatic improvement in her symptoms following the lumbar-peritoneal shunt. Occipital dysplasias, though uncommon, have been reported in the literature. We review this case and its management and discuss relevant literature on occipital dysplasias in NF1.

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Curtis, Brian R., Rory J. Petteys, Christopher T. Rossi, Robert F. Keating, and Suresh N. Magge. "Large occipital aneurysmal bone cyst causing obstructive hydrocephalus in a pediatric patient." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 10, no. 6 (December 2012): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.9.peds1295.

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Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon benign, tumorlike lesion of bone that is usually located in the long bones and spine. On rare occasions, ABCs are found in the bones of the cranial vault and skull base, occasionally causing mass effect and cranial nerve findings. In this report the authors detail the case of a patient who presented with incidentally discovered hydrocephalus due to a large ABC of the occipital bone that produced mass effect and obstruction of CSF. The diagnosis, imaging findings, and surgical management of this interesting and rare case are discussed.

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40

D., Nirmala, and Hema N. "Occipital condyles interconnected by a bony bar." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 05, no. 04 (October 2016): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401616.

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AbstractOccipital condyles interconnected by a bony bar is a rare occurrence. During osteology demonstration of skull bones, one skull was identified aspects of the occipital condyles. The bony bar was curved, just below the anterior margin of foramen mangum. There was a gap of about 3 mm between the bony bar and the anterior margin of foramen magnum. The partial or complete assimilation of the atlas with the occipital bone have been reported in literature. The present case deserves attention since this has not been reported earlier.

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41

Alqahtani, Ali, Roaa Amer, and Eman Bakhsh. "Primary Occipital Ewing’s Sarcoma with Subsequent Spinal Seeding." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1521407.

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Ewing’s sarcoma is a primary bone cancer that mainly affects the long bones. This malignancy is particularly common in pediatric patients. Primary cranial involvement accounts for 1% of cases, with occipital involvement considered extremely rare. In this case study, primary occipital Ewing’s sarcoma with a posterior fossa mass and subsequent relapse resulting in spinal seeding is reported. A 3-year-old patient presented with a 1-year history of left-sided headaches, localized over the occipital bone with progressive torticollis. Computed tomography (CT) imaging showed a mass in the left posterior fossa compressing the brainstem. The patient then underwent surgical excision followed by adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Two years later, the patient presented with severe lower back pain and urinary incontinence. Whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seeding from the L5 to the S4 vertebrae. Primary cranial Ewing’s sarcoma is considered in the differential diagnosis of children with extra-axial posterior fossa mass associated with destructive permeative bone lesions. Although primary cranial Ewing’s sarcoma typically has good prognosis, our patient developed metastasis in the lower spine. Therefore, with CNS Ewing’s sarcoma, screening of the entire neural axis should be taken into consideration for early detection of CSF seeding metastasis in order to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality.

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42

Morita, Tomonori, Tsuneo Takebayashi, Hiroyuki Takashima, Mitsunori Yoshimoto, Kazunori Ida, Katsumasa Tanimoto, Hirofumi Ohnishi, Hiroyoshi Fujiwara, Masateru Nagae, and Toshihiko Yamashita. "Mapping occipital bone thickness using computed tomography for safe screw placement." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 23, no. 2 (August 2015): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.spine14624.

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OBJECT Safe and effective insertion of occipital bone screws requires morphological analysis of the occipital bone, which is poorly documented in the literature. The authors of this study present morphological data for determining the area of screw placement for optimal internal fixation. METHODS The subjects of this institutional review board-approved retrospective study were 105 individuals without head and neck disease who underwent CT imaging at the authors’ hospital. There were 55 males and 50 females, with a mean age of 57.1 years (range 20–91 years). Measurements using CT were taken according to a matrix of 55 points following a grid with 1-cm spacing based on the external occipital protuberance (EOP). RESULTS The maximum thickness of the occipital bone was at the level of the EOP at 16.4 mm. Areas with thicknesses > 8 mm were more frequent at the EOP and up to 2 cm in all directions, as well as up to 1 cm in all directions at a height of 1 cm inferiorly, and up to 3 cm from the EOP inferiorly. The male group tended to have a thicker occipital bone than the female group, and the differences were significant around the EOP. The ratio of the trabecular bone to the occipital bone thickness was > 30% in the central region. At positions more than 2 cm laterally, the ratio was < 15%, and the ratio gradually decreased further laterally. CONCLUSIONS Screws that are 8 mm long can be placed in the area extending 2 cm laterally from the EOP at the level of the superior nuchal line and approximately 3 cm inferior to the center. These results suggest that it may be possible to effectively insert a screw over a wider area than the conventional reference range.

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Park, Seong-Hyun, Ki-Su Park, and Jeong-Hyun Hwang. "Arachnoid Granulations Mimicking Multiple Osteolytic Bone Lesions in the Occipital Bone." Brain Tumor Research and Treatment 6, no. 2 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14791/btrt.2018.6.e8.

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Mowbray, Ken. "Surface bone histology of the occipital bone in humans and chimpanzees." Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 283B, no. 1 (2005): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.20055.

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Pijpker, Peter A. J., Jos M. A. Kuijlen, Bart L. Kaptein, and Willem Pondaag. "Three-Dimensional-Printed Drill Guides for Occipitothoracic Fusion in a Pediatric Patient With Occipitocervical Instability." Operative Neurosurgery 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opab060.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric occipitothoracic fusion can be challenging because of small size pedicles and thin occipital bone. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can help with accurate screw insertion but has not been described for occipital keel plate positioning so far. OBJECTIVE To describe the novel use of 3D technology to position occipital keel plates during pediatric occipitothoracic fixation. METHODS A young boy with segmental spinal dysgenesis presented with asymmetrical pyramidal paresis in all limbs. Developmental abnormities of the cervical spine caused a thinned spinal cord, and because of progressive spinal cord compression, surgical intervention by means of occipitothoracic fixation was indicated at the age of 3 yr. Because of the small-size pedicles and thin occipital bone, the pedicle screws and occipital plates were planned meticulously using 3D virtual surgical planning technology. The rods were virtually bent in order to properly align with the planned screws. By means of 3D-printed guides, the surgical plan was transferred to the operating theater. For the occipital bone, a novel guide concept was developed, aiming for screw positions at maximal bone thickness. RESULTS The postoperative course was uneventful, and radiographs showed good cervical alignment. After superimposing the virtual plan with the intraoperative acquired computed tomography, it was confirmed that the occipital plate positions matched the virtual plan and that pedicle screws were accurately inserted without signs of breach. CONCLUSION The use of 3D technology has greatly facilitated the performance of the occipitothoracic fixation and could, in the future, contribute to safer pediatric spinal fixation procedures.

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Mahamad Iqbal, D. K., Vivek B. Amin, Rohan Mascarenhas, and Akther Husain. "Skull bone thickness versus malocclusion." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 5 (November 20, 2015): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.169951.

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Objective The objectives of this study were to determine the thickness of skull bones, namely frontal, parietal, and occipital bones in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients. Materials and Methods Three hundred subjects who reported to the Department of Orthodontics requiring orthodontic treatment within the age group 17-35 were selected for the study. They were subdivided into three groups of 100 each according to the skeletal and dental relation. Profile radiographs were taken and the tracings were then scanned, and uploaded to the MATLAB 7.6.0 (R 2008a) software. The total surface areas of the individual bones were estimated by the software, which represented the thickness of each bone. Result Frontal bone was the thickest in Class III malocclusion group and the thinnest in Class II malocclusion group. But the parietal and occipital bone thickness were not significant. During gender differentiation in Class I, malocclusion group frontal bone thickness was more in males than females, In Class II, malocclusion parietal bone thickness was more in males than females. No statistically significant difference exists between genders, in Class III malocclusion group. During inter-comparison, the frontal bone thickness was significant when compared with Class I and Class II malocclusion groups and Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. Conclusion The differences in skull thickness in various malocclusions can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic patients. It was found that the new method (MATLAB 7.6.0 [R 2008a] software) of measuring skull thickness was easier, faster, precise, and accurate.

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Huizing, Xander, Andy Sparkes, and Ruth Dennis. "Shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone related to breed on MRI of 200 cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 10 (November 10, 2016): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16676022.

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Objectives The MRI features of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone have not previously been described in the literature. The aims of this study were three-fold. Firstly, to document variations in cerebellar shape on MRI in neurologically normal cats to support our hypothesis that crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa or herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum occurs frequently as an anatomical variant. Secondly, to document variations in the morphology of the occipital bone. Thirdly, to see whether these variations in shape of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone could be associated with head conformation, such as brachycephaly. Methods The imaging records of the small animal clinic at the Animal Health Trust between 2000 and 2013 were searched retrospectively to identify adult cats that had undergone high-field (1.5 T) MRI investigation which included the brain. Exclusion criteria included evidence of intracranial disease or the presence of cervical syringomyelia. Midline sagittal T2-weighted and transverse images were used to assess the occipital bone morphology and cerebellar shape, and to measure the width to length ratio of the cranial cavity. Results Fourteen different breeds were represented. A cerebellar shape consistent with crowding of the contents of the caudal fossa, or herniation through the foramen magnum was present in 40% of the entire population. Persians (recognised as a brachycephalic breed) had a higher proportion of cerebellar crowding or herniation than all other breeds. There was no significant difference in the distribution of occipital bone morphology between these breed groups. Conclusions and relevance It is important to recognise morphological variations of the feline cerebellum and occipital bone in order to avoid false-positive diagnoses of raised intracranial pressure and pathological herniation on MRI.

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Rylander, Helena, and Juan Carlos Robles. "Diagnosis and Treatment of a Chronic Atlanto-Occipital Subluxation in a Dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0430173.

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A 6-year-old Labrador retriever-cross was evaluated for an abnormal gait and head carriage 6 weeks after suffering trauma. The dog was presented with an ambulatory tetraparesis and was reluctant to move his head. Myelography and computed tomography demonstrated a subluxation of the atlanto-occipital joint with compression of the spinomedullary junction and the brain stem by the occipital bone. Removal of the compressive part of the occipital bone resulted in improvement of the clinical signs within 6 weeks, and resolution of clinical signs occurred 8 months after surgery.

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Yoshida, Yuichi, Masahisa Shindo, and Osamu Yamamoto. "Occipital bone dysplasia associated with diffuse plexiform neurofibroma." European Journal of Dermatology 21, no. 3 (May 2011): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2011.1359.

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Duan, Zhi-xin, Sheng-hua Chu, Yan-bin Ma, Hong Zhang, and Jia-liang Zhu. "Giant intradiploic epidermoid cyst of the occipital bone." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 16, no. 11 (November 2009): 1478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2008.09.025.

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