Journal articles: 'Occlusal forces'

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Lazic, Vojkan, and Slavoljub Zivkovic. "T-scan II occlusal analysis in restorative dentistry." Serbian Dental Journal 49, no. 3-4 (2002): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0204110l.

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The comparison of accufilm markings and computerized T-Scan II force plots of restorations and occlusal interferences in intercuspal position of the lower jaw, before and after occlusal adjustment showed a great improvement in force distribution, balance of occlusal forces and evenness of the right and left side. The computer analysis through T-Scan II system help us to clearly understand what those well balanced occlusal contacts and force distribution really mean for the proper restorative occlusal therapy.

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Bozhkova, Tanya P. "The T-SCAN System in Evaluating Occlusal Contacts." Folia Medica 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2016-0015.

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AbstractBackground: Normal occlusal and articulation relations between the jaws ensure equal distribution of occlusal forces during mastication. A T-SCAN system allows these relations to be measured dynamically during the articulation cycle.Aim: To evaluate the T-SCAN III system in measuring and assessing the forces of occlusal contacts and their digital presentation.Patients and methods: Thirty students aged 19 - 22 years were examined. Of these only one matched the study criteria:- intact dentition;- without or with class I fillings in teeth 36 or 46;- Angle’s class I jaw relationWe used a computerized occlusal analysis system T-SCAN in the study. It comes with a registering sensor for the occlusal contacts, a module for transmitting the signals to a computer, and conversion software to generate images on a computer screen.Results: We evaluated the system’s capabilities in registering the occlusal contacts during mastication on an occlusion film and the occlusal forces using a digital display.Conclusion: The T-SCAN system provides the only accurate way to determine and evaluate the time sequence and force of occlusal contacts by converting the qualitative data into quantitative and displaying them digitally.

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Thein, Moe Win, Yoichiro Seki, and Yukihiro Fujita. "The effect of premolar occlusal contact on the occlusal forces." Journal of Japanese Society of Stomatognathic Function 8, no. 2 (2002): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7144/sgf.8.117.

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Uzuner, Fatma Deniz, Hande Odabasi, Secil Acar, Tuba Tortop, and Nilufer Darendeliler. "Evaluation of the effects of modified bonded rapid maxillary expansion on occlusal force distribution: A pilot study." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 01 (January 2016): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.175695.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of modified bonded rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on occlusal force distribution. Materials and Methods: The sample included 12 patients (7 girls and 5 boys; mean age: 13.1 years) at the permanent dentition stage with bilateral posterior cross-bite. The patients were treated with a modified bonded RME appliance, activated twice a day. The study was terminated when the palatal cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth were occluding with the buccal cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth. The postretention period was 3 months. The T-Scan III device was used to analyze the percentages of occlusal force distribution, and records were taken at the pretreatment (T1), the postreatment (T2), and the postretention (T3) periods. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analyses. Results: Incisors were most frequently without contact, followed by canines. The highest forces were seen in the second and first molar regions. A significant decrease was seen in total occlusal force during treatment (T1–T2); however, during retention, the force returned to its initial value, and no significant differences were found (T1–T3). No differences were found between right and left sides and in occlusal forces of the teeth in all time periods. Conclusion: The use of modified bonded RME decreases the total occlusal forces during the treatment period, but it does returns to its initial value after the postretention period.

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Beninati, Christopher J., and Thomas R. Katona. "The combined effects of salivas and occlusal indicators on occlusal contact forces." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 46, no. 5 (February 14, 2019): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joor.12772.

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McCrea, E. S., T. R. Katona, and G. J. Eckert. "The effects of salivas on occlusal forces." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 42, no. 5 (December 8, 2014): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joor.12260.

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Rajendran, Maheaswari, A. Mahalakshmi, A. Selvam, and R. Usha. "Interplay of occlusal forces and the periodontium." international journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine 8, S1 (May 3, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12548-016-0146-x.

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Lazic, Vojkan, Aleksandar Todorovic, Slavoljub Zivkovic, and Zeljko Martinovic. "Computerized occlusal analysis in bruxism." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 134, no. 1-2 (2006): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0602022l.

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Introduction. Sleep bruxism as nocturnal parafunction, also known as tooth grinding, is the most common parasomnia (sleep disorder). Most tooth grinding occurs during rapid eye movement - REM sleep. Sleep bruxism is an oral habit characterized by rhythmic activity of the masticatory muscles (m. masseter) that causes forced contact between dental surfaces during sleep. Sleep bruxism has been associated with craniomandibular disorders including temporomandibular joint discomfort, pulpalgia, premature loss of teeth due to excessive attrition and mobility, headache, muscle ache, sleep interruption of an individual and problems with removable and fixed denture. Basically, two groups of etiological factors can be distinguished, viz., peripheral (occlusal) factors and central (pathophysiological and psychological) factors. The role of occlusion (occlusal discrepancies) as the causative factor is not enough mentioned in relation to bruxism. Objective. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the connection between occlusal factors and nocturnal parafunctional activities (occlusal disharmonies and bruxism). Method. Two groups were formed- experimental of 15 persons with signs and symptoms of nocturnal parafunctional activity of mandible (mean age 26.6 years) and control of 42 persons with no signs and symptoms of bruxism (mean age 26.3 yrs.). The computerized occlusal analyses were performed using the T-Scan II system (Tekscan, Boston, USA). 2D occlusograms were analyzed showing the occlusal force, the center of the occlusal force with the trajectory and the number of antagonistic tooth contacts. Results. Statistically significant difference of force distribution was found between the left and the right side of the arch (L%-R%) (t=2.773; p<0.02) in the group with bruxism. The difference of the centre of occlusal force - COF trajectory between the experimental and control group was not significant, but the trajectory of COF was longer in the group of bruxists (67.3?24.4mm). In addition, the significant difference of COF position in relation to the center of the elliptic fields was not found in bruxists (?2=1.63; p> 0.05), but obtained results directly revealed uneven distribution of the occlusal forces which caused the excessive attrition and mobility of tooth. Conclusion. Our study failed to find direct correlation between occlusal factors and bruxism, so they are basically contributing factors.

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Cho, Young-Eun, Eun-Jin Park, Jai-Young Koak, Seong-Kyun Kim, Seong-Joo Heo, and Ji-Man Park. "Strain Gauge Analysis of Occlusal Forces on Implant Prostheses at Various Occlusal Heights." International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 29, no. 5 (September 19, 2014): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3040.

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Fan, Jingyuan, and Jack G. Caton. "Occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal forces: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations." Journal of Periodontology 89 (June 2018): S214—S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jper.16-0581.

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Fan, Jingyuan, and Jack G. Caton. "Occlusal trauma and excessive occlusal forces: Narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 45 (June 2018): S199—S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12949.

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Robati Anaraki, Mahmood, Ali Torab, and Taymaz Mounesi Rad. "Comparison of stress in implant-supported monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures between canine guidance and group function occlusal patterns: A finite element analysis." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 13, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.014.

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Background. Monolithic zirconia is an emerging material for crowns and bridges. The possibility of full digital design has made it an attractive alternative material for implant-supported prostheses. A proper design is vital in the success of such a prosthesis like any other. This study, in the shortage of scientific evidence, has tried to assess the stress distribution of occlusal forces inside the implant-prosthesis system of a 3-unit bridge made of monolithic zirconia. Methods. A 3-unit monolithic zirconia bridge supported by two implant fixtures placed on the teeth #13 and #15 was digitalized. It was converted to a mesh of 59000 nodes and 34000 elements. Five types of occlusal forces (one as vertical centric, two at 15º and 30º simulating canine pattern of lateral movement, and two at 15º and 30º simulating group function pattern) were applied. The stress distribution among all the components of the implant-bridge system was assessed using Ansys Workbench 14 software and finite element analysis. Results. The maximum stress was between 286 and 546 MPa, which were found in either the fixture‒abutment screw area or in the upper part of the pontic connector between the canine and first premolar. The maximum pressure increased with an increase in the angle of occlusal force. Significantly higher stress was recorded in the group function occlusal pattern. Conclusion. Monolithic zirconia can be promising in designing bridges in the canine‒premolar area. However, proper design is necessary with more attention to the connectors and types of occlusal forces.

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Grover, Harpreet Singh, Shailly Luthra, Mahijeet Singh Puri, and Navgeet Puri. "Splinting – A Healing Touch for an Ailing Periodontium." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2012): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-6-3-145.

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ABSTRACT Periodontal disease results in destruction of the attachment apparatus causing uneven distribution of occlusal forces resulting in additional damage to the alveolar bone. Occlusal adjustment, periodontal and restorative dentistry may alter occlusal relationship and redirect forces thereby reducing traumatism. This may result in teeth becoming firmer. Increasing the support of the tooth may also increase their firmness; the device used for such treatment is the Splint. Splinting teeth to each other allows weakened teeth to gain support from neighbouring ones. When used to connect periodontally compromised teeth, splinting can increase patient comfort during chewing

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Choi, Dong-Soon, Bong-Kuen Cha, Insan Jang, Kyung-Hwa Kang, and Sang-Cheol Kim. "Three-dimensional finite element analysis of occlusal stress distribution in the human skull with premolar extraction." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 2 (August 2, 2012): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/020112-89.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effect of orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction on the stress distribution of the occlusal force in the human skull. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) model was constructed based on computed tomography scan data, and it served as the pretreatment model. For the extraction model simulating postorthodontic occlusion, the first premolar was removed in the pretreatment model, and the anterior and posterior segments were repositioned. Stress distribution was evaluated by 3D FE analysis in both models under the simulation of 1000 N for occlusal forces and 400 N for masseter muscle force. Results: The occlusal stresses were concentrated at the alveolar bone near the teeth, the infrazygomatic crest, the frontal process, the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, the infraorbital rim, the pyriform aperture region, and the pterygoid plate in both models. The von Mises stress at the pterygoid plate area was lower in the extraction model (3.53 MPa) than in the pretreatment model (5.57 MPa), while the stress at the frontal process of the maxilla was higher in the extraction model (2.32 MPa) than in the pretreatment model (2.16 MPa). Conclusions: The results indicated that the occlusal forces were transferred through the maxillonasal, maxillozygomatic, and maxillopterygoid stress trajectories and that stress distribution moved more “forward” with the orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction.

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Demirel, Akif, and Şaziye Sarı. "Are Increased Masticatory Forces Risk for Primary 2nd Molars without Successors? A 3D FEA Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.1.12.

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Objective: Persistent primary teeth with healthy crown-root structures and acceptable functional and esthetic properties may be preserved over a long-term period if needed. However, they may experience root resorption, ankylosis or infraocclusion especially in the second or third decades of life. Despite a lack of sufficient detailed data, increases in occlusal forces by age are known to cause destructive stresses on root surfaces and periodontal tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing occlusal forces on mandibular persistent primary molars by using 3D finite element analysis. Study Design: The impact of increased masticatory forces on compressive and tensile stresses in tooth and surrounding tissue was simulated in two different models (simulating child and adult mouths) by using 3D finite element analysis. Results: In both models, the stress values increased by age and compressive stresses were seen on internal root surfaces, while the tensile stresses focused on the furcation area and external root surfaces. Conclusion: It was concluded that practices such as reducing occlusal surface width may be used to diminish the occlusal forces for long-term tooth survival in persistent primary molars.

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Shiota, Makoto, and Shin-ichi Ohno. "Clinical Study of Occlusal Forces on Dental Implants." JOURNAL OF THE STOMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY,JAPAN 64, no. 3 (1997): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.64.405.

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Throckmorton, Gaylord S., Peter H. Buschang, and Edward Ellis. "Improvement of maximum occlusal forces after orthognathic surgery." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 54, no. 9 (September 1996): 1080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(96)90165-2.

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Wang, Mei-Qing, Min Zhang, and Jun-Hua Zhang. "Photoelastic Study of the Effects of Occlusal Surface Morphology on Tooth Apical Stress from Vertical Bite Forces." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no. 1 (2004): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-1-74.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine how the morphology of occlusal surfaces might affect occlusal loading that is transferred to the tooth apex. Photoelastic methods were used to assess apical stress generated by seven variations of occlusions. A test assembly with a 2 kg weight was applied to teeth to create a vertical load. By analyzing the direction and magnitude of the apical principle stress under the polar light that was measured at the apexes of mandibular teeth, the occlusal loading position of each tooth and its direction was obtained based on general mechanical principles. It was found distal incline planes (or slopes) of cusps and lingual incline planes (or slope) of buccal cusps of mandibular posterior teeth carried the greatest occlusal load in normal occlusion. In the other six variations of occlusion presented in this study, the principle apical stresses changed more or less as a result of the different occlusal contact relationships. The magnitude of principle apical stress increased considerably in the flat surface occlusion because of the lack of distribution of occlusion loading by the smooth dentition surface. It is concluded the occlusal surface morphology has a significant effect on the direction and magnitude of apical stress. To establish a suitable relationship of occlusion that can conduct favorable occlusal loading physiologically is very important. Citation Wang M, Zhang M, Zhang J. Photoelastic Study of the Effects of Occlusal Surface Morphology on Tooth Apical Stress from Vertical Bite Forces . J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 February;(5)1:074-093.

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Barbosa, Gustavo Augusto Seabra, Erika Oliveira de Almeida, André Luiz Marinho Falcão Gondim, Euler Maciel Dantas, Karolina Pires Marcelino, and Luis Ferreira de Almeida Neto. "A new occlusal splint design for protection of anterior aesthetic rehabilitation in patients with sleep bruxism: technical note." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): e2089108473. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8473.

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This dental technique note describes the manufacture of a new design of occlusal splint for protection of shear forces in anterior aesthetic restorations in patients with sleep bruxism, using the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique. Maxillary and mandibular arches were scanned and a Jig with polyvinyl siloxane material was made to maxillomandibular relationship record. For interocclusal device planning, the anterior limits must not cover the buccal surfaces of the anterior teeth, extending only on the incisal of these dental elements. The device is then virtually designed, and the CAD file of splint is sent to CAM milling process. The occlusal splint was tested for stability, insertion and removal, the distribution of occlusal contacts and care instructions were given to the patient. This device design avoids contact between splint and anterior aesthetic restorations during occlusal forces decreasing potential of failure, which increases the success rate of these previous aesthetic rehabilitations.

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Yehuda, Amos Ben. "About gravity and occlusal forces in the jaws: Review." World Journal of Stomatology 4, no. 4 (2015): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5321/wjs.v4.i4.126.

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Harrel, Stephen K. "Occlusal forces as a risk factor for periodontal disease." Periodontology 2000 32, no. 1 (May 20, 2003): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0906-6713.2002.03209.x.

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Mahony, Derek. "Refining occlusion with muscle balance to enhance long-term orthodontic stability." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.29.2.lk435w70505t1668.

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The primary objective of orthodontic treatment is the movement of teeth into a more ideal relationship, not only for aesthetic, but also for functional considerations. Another very important objective, often not given enough consideration, is the need to finish the case with the muscles of mastication in equilibrium. If muscle balance is not achieved, an endless procession of retainers is required for retention. In simple terms, if the occlusal forces in maximum intercuspation are unevenly distributed around the arch, tooth movement will most likely occur. Today, however, it is possible to simultaneously and precisely measure the relative force of each occlusal contact, the timing of the occlusal contacts and the specific muscle contraction levels. This technological breakthrough represents a paradigm shift in thinking and may improve orthodontic stability. J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 93-98, 2004

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Garg, Amit, IN Aparna, B. Dhanasekar, and Neha Mall. "Occlusion in Implant Dentistry-Issues and Considerations." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 6, no. 2 (2012): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-6-2-91.

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ABSTRACT The goal of any prosthetic procedure must include the establishment of a functional occlusion. It is known that natural teeth have periodontal ligament receptors that protect the teeth from excessive occlusal forces, which can cause trauma to supporting tissues and bone. Although many factors are involved in the neuro-muscular reex actions in natural teeth, there are no specic defense mechanisms against occlusal forces in implant-supported prosthesis. Complications (prosthetic or bony support) reported in follow-up studies underline occlusion as one of the determining factors for success or failure of implants.

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Mărcăuţeanu, Corina, Florin Topală, Meda Lavinia Negrutiu, Eniko Tunde Stoica, and Cosmin Sinescu. "3D Finite Element Analysis of Restorative Materials Used in Dental Abfractions." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.82.

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Abfractions are wedge-shaped cervical lesions which appear due to flexure of enamel and/or dentin at some location distant from the actual point of loading. The tensions may reach the fatigue limit and lead to rupture of the amelar and dentinal materials. We used the finite element method (FEM) to investigate the effect of high occlusal forces on the dental and restorative materials placed in the cervical buccal region. We developed two 3D models of maxillary premolars in order to compare the stress profiles in the buccal cervical regions under functional (20 N) and parafunctional (800 N) occlusal loads. The discretization of the tooth morphology resulted in 18889 elements and 31425 nodes. The models was subjected to occlusal analysis. The equivalent tensions (Pa) found in the buccal cervical region of the premolars at the application of parafunctional occlusal loads (800 N) are high enough to induce the breakdown of dentinal and compomer materials (over 2.41E+08 Pa). Cervical stresses induced by masticatory forces (20 N) have much lower values, which are not harmful for the dental materials. In conclusion, occlusal overload can cause damage to both the dentinal and compomer restorative materials placed in the cervical buccal region of teeth.

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LIN, CHUN-LI, YU-CHAN KUO, and TING-SHENG LIN. "EFFECTS OF DENTAL IMPLANT LENGTH AND BONE QUALITY ON BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSES IN BONE AROUND IMPLANTS: A 3-D NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 17, no. 01 (February 25, 2005): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237205000081.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant length and bone quality on the biomechanical aspects in alveolar bone and dental implant using non-linear finite element analysis. Two fixture lengths (8 and 13mm) of Frialit-2 root-form titanium implants were buried in 4 types of bone modeled by varying the elastic modulus for cancellous bone. Contact elements were used to simulate the realistic interface fixation within the implant system. Axial and lateral (buccolingual) loadings were applied at the top of the abutment to simulate the occlusal forces. The simulated results indicated that the maximum strain values of cortical and cancellous bone increased with lower bone density. In addition, the variations of cortical bony strains between 13mm and 8mm long implants were not significantly as a results of the same contact areas between implant fixture and cortical bone were found for different implant lengths. Lateral occlusal forces significantly increased the bone strain values when compared with axial occlusal forces regardless of the implant lengths and bone qualities. Loading conditions were found as the most important factor than bone qualities and implant lengths affecting the biomechanical aspects for alveolar bone and implant systems. The simulated results implied that further understanding of the role of occlusal adjustment influencing the loading directions are needed and might affect the long-term success of an implant system.

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Chairunnisa, Ricca, and Erna Kurnikasari. "Tinjauan tentang splin oklusal untuk terapi gangguan sendi temporomandibula A review about occlusal splint as a therapy for temporomandibular disorders." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v12i1.347.

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An occlusal splint is a removable appliance usually made of acrylic, that fits over the occlusal and incisal surfaces ofthe teeth in one arch, creating precise occlusal contact with the teeth of the opposing arch. Occlusal splint has severalfunctions, one of which is to temporarily provide an temporary occlusion that allows the temporomandibular joints(TMJ) to make the most othopedically stable joint position. Occlusal splint is also used to protect the teeth and itssupportive structure from abnormal forces that may create breakdown and/or tooth wear. Occlusal splint is reversibleand noninvasive treatment, which is most important in treating temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with manycausative factors involved. Many types of splints have been suggested for the treatment of TMD, but the most frequentlyused are the stabilization splint and the anterior positioning splint. The purpose of this paper is to describe the types ofocclusal splints and indication used for the treatment of TMD.

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Paliwal, Siddhartha, Deepesh Saxena, Rohit Mittal, and Shivangi Chaudhary. "Occlusal Principles and Considerations for Implants: An Overview." Journal of Academy of Dental Education 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jade/2014/2391.

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The treatment planning phase of implant prostheses is dependent on the restorative dentist's knowledge and experience in prosthetic dentistry. Clinically, for implant prostheses, natural occlusal concepts can be applied. However, a natural tooth has a support design i.e. periodontal ligament that reduces the forces to the surrounding crest of bone compared to the same region around an implant. If biomechanical stresses are likely to increase in a clinical condition, occlusal mechanisms to decrease the stresses should be implemented by the dentist and an occlusal scheme should be developed that minimizes risk factors and allows the restoration to function in harmony with the rest of the stomatognathic system. Implant-protected occlusion is proposed as a way to overcome mechanical stresses and strain from the oral musculature and occlusion, by avoiding initial and long-term loss of crestal bone surrounding implant fixtures. Implant-protected occlusion can be accomplished by factors like decreasing the width of the occlusal table, increasing the surface area of implants, reducing the magnification of the force and improving the force direction. The dentist can minimize overload on bone-implant interfaces and implant prostheses, maintain an implant load within the physiological limits of individualized occlusion, and ultimately provide long-term stability of implants and implant prostheses by following above mentioned factors.

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Wang, L., J. P. Sadler, L. C. Breeding, and D. L. Dixon. "An In Vitro Study of Implant-Tooth-Supported Connections Using a Robot Test System." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2798322.

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Many unsolved problems in dental implant research concern the interfacial stress distributions between the implant components, as well as between the implant surface and contacting bone. To obtain a mechanical understanding of how vertical and horizontal occlusal forces are distributed in this context, it is crucial to develop in vitro testing systems to measure the force transmission between dental implants and attached prostheses. A new approach to such testing, involving a robotic system, is described in this investigation. The system has been designed to produce simulated mandibular movements and occlusal contact forces so that various implant designs and procedures can be thoroughly tested and evaluated before animal testing or human clinical trials. Two commonly used fixed prosthesis designs used to connect an implant and a tooth, a rigid connection and a nonrigid connection, were fabricated and used for experimental verification. The displacement and force distributions generated during simulated chewing activities were measured in vitro. Force levels, potentially harmful to human bone surrounding the connected dental implant and tooth, were analyzed. These results are useful in the design of prostheses and connecting components that will reduce failures and limit stress transfer to the implant/bone interface.

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Kondapuram Seshu, Madhavi R., and Christopher Leslie Gash. "Multidisciplinary Management of a Fractured Premolar: A Case Report with Followup." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/192912.

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The general dental practitioner must consider orthodontic extrusion of a tooth when a subgingival defect, such as, crown fracture occurs before prosthetic rehabilitation, especially in the aesthetic zone. Extrusion enables the root portion to be elevated which exposes sound tooth structure for placement of restorative margins. This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of a fractured upper first premolar in a general dental practice. The forced orthodontic eruption is achieved by an endodontic attachment and sectional fixed appliance with an offset placed in the wire. The ability to extrude premolars with this method is complicated by heavy occlusal forces, occlusal interferences, and short clinical crown length. The tooth was restored with a titanium post, composite core, and porcelain fused to metal crown. The entire course of treatment was carried out under National Health Scheme, UK and as a part of vocational training. The 21 months followup showed no change in occlusal contacts or gingival level.

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El Makawi, Yasmine, and Nagwa Khattab. "In Vitro Comparative Analysis of Fracture Resistance of Lithium Disilicate Endocrown and Prefabricated Zirconium Crown in Pulpotomized Primary Molars." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 23 (December 13, 2019): 4094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.864.

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AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lithium disilicate endocrowns compared to prefabricated zirconia crown used for restoring pulpotomized primary molars, on their Fracture Resistance and to compare the loads to failure these different ceramic restorations with previously reported posterior occlusal forces. METHODS: Twenty mandibular left second primary molars were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 10 in each group) the zirconia Crown (Nusmile zr.) Group (G1) and the lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press) Endocrown Group (G2). In all groups pulpotomy procedure was done before preparation then each sample was prepared based on their allocated restoration, both zirconia crown (Nusmile zr.) and endocrown (IPS e.max Press) were cemented by dual-cure resin cement. All samples were loaded to failure using a universal testing machine (Instron, USA), and the compressive force was applied. The data were analysed using one-way (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc significance difference tests. Differences were considered significant at (p< 0.05). RESULTS: Group zirconia crown (G1) showed significantly higher fracture strength than Group (G2) lithium disilicate endocrown (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The zirconia crown showed higher fracture resistance than lithium disilicate endocrown. However, both tested zirconia crown and lithium disilicate endocrown withstood the application of axial occlusal forces greater than the reference values for posterior occlusal loads.

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Alemzadeh, K., and D. Raabe. "Prototyping artificial jaws for the robotic dental testing simulator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 222, no. 8 (November 1, 2008): 1209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim402.

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This paper presents a robot periphery prototyped for the six-degrees-of-freedom robotic dental testing simulator, simulating the wear of materials on dental components, such as individual teeth, crowns, bridges, or a full set of teeth. The robot periphery consists of the artificial jaws and compliance module. The jaws have been reverse engineered and represent a human-like mandible and maxilla with artificial teeth. Each clinically fabricated tooth consists of a crown and glass ceramic roots which are connected using resin cement. Normal clinical occlusion of the artificial jaws assembly was emulated by a dental articulator based on ‘Andrew's six keys to occlusion’. The radii of the von Spee curve, the Monson curve, and the Wilson curve were also measured as important jaw characteristic indicators to aid normal occlusion. A compliance module had to be built between the lower jaw and the robot platform to sustain the fluctuating forces that occur during normal chewing in the occlusal contact areas, where these high bite forces are major causes of dental component failure. A strain gauge force transducer has been integrated into the machined lower jaw, underneath the second molars, to measure axial biting forces applied to the posterior teeth. The experiments conducted have shown that the sensor is able to sense small changes in the compression force satisfactorily, when applied perpendicular to the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.

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Kang, Xiaoning, Yiming Li, Yixi Wang, Yao Zhang, Dongsheng Yu, and Yun Peng. "Relationships of Stresses on Alveolar Bone and Abutment of Dental Implant from Various Bite Forces by Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis." BioMed Research International 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7539628.

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Occlusal trauma caused by improper bite forces owing to the lack of periodontal membrane may lead to bone resorption, which is still a problem for the success of dental implant. In our study, to avoid occlusal trauma, we put forward a hypothesis that a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor is settled on an implant abutment to track stress on the abutment and predict the stress on alveolar bone for controlling bite forces in real time. Loading forces of different magnitudes (0 N–100 N) and angles (0–90°) were applied to the crown of the dental implant of the left central incisor in a maxillary model. The stress distribution on the abutment and alveolar bone were analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA). Then, the quantitative relation between them was derived using Origin 2017 software. The results show that the relation between the loading forces and the stresses on the alveolar bone and abutment could be described as 3D surface equations associated with the sine function. The appropriate range of stress on the implant abutment is 1.5 MPa–8.66 MPa, and the acceptable loading force range on the dental implant of the left maxillary central incisor is approximately 6 N–86 N. These results could be used as a reference for the layout of MEMS pressure sensors to maintain alveolar bone dynamic remodeling balance.

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Kim, Kyoung Yeon, Jin-Young Choi, Song Hee Oh, Hyung-Wook Moon, Seong-Hun Kim, Hyo-Won Ahn, Kyung A. Kim, and Gerald Nelson. "Computerized Assessment of Occlusion and Muscle Activity during Use of a Multilayer Clear Retainer: A Preliminary Study." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020541.

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The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the short-term changes of occlusal contacts and muscle activity after orthodontic treatment during the use of a multi-layer clear retainer. Evaluation was done with the T-scan and BioEMG systems. A total of 18 subjects were included, who were evaluated at three time intervals—T0 at debonding, T1 at one month after retainer delivery, and T2 at four months after retainer delivery. The T-scan and electromyography (EMG) data were recorded simultaneously. The T-scan system recorded the occlusion time, disclusion time and force distribution. The EMG waves were quantified by calculating the asymmetry index and activity index. The time variables changed but not significantly. Occlusal force decreased in the anterior dentition and increased in the posterior dentition during T0–T2. There was no clear evidence of a relationship between unbalanced occlusal forces and muscle activity. In most subjects, the temporalis anterior muscle was more dominant than the masseter muscle. From this preliminary computerized study, there were no significant changes in the state of the occlusion or muscle activity during the short-term retention period.

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Flanagan, Dennis. "Complete Artificial Dentition Supported by Endosseous Implants: A Case Report of Total In-office Treatment." Journal of Oral Implantology 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/0-726.1.

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Abstract This case report demonstrates the construction of a complete restoration of the dentition by the surgical placement of endosseous titanium implants that support a fixed prosthesis in each jaw. The positioning of the implants and teeth in the prostheses are important factors for a successful long-term result. Distribution of the occlusal biting forces over as many implants as possible is important. Off-axial occlusal biting forces should be diverted to the anterior prostheses, where the forces are not as great and the posterior teeth are designed with flat occlusal surfaces that separate during excursionary chewing movements. Medial mandibular flexure caused by the contraction of the medial pterygoid muscle can be addressed by constructing the prosthesis in segments. This is so as not to have a rigid entity encased in flexing bone that may induce stress to the bone, leading to loss of implant integration and failure. Segmenting also insures an appropriate fit of the prosthesis with respect to casting and porcelain firing distortion. Lip support by means of a flange in the prosthesis may be necessary when there has been a large amount of bone loss from edentulous resorption. Cleaning and maintenance of the prostheses every 3 to 6 months is essential.

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Defabianis, Patrizia. "Treatment of condylar fractures in children and youths: the clinical value of the occlusal plane orientation and correlation with facial development (case reports)." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 26, no. 3 (April 1, 2002): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.26.3.8477pr3g41362532.

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The relative position of the plane of occlusion to the cranial base determines the direction of the forces generated in the cranium during occlusal function. When the plane of occlusion is level and when the neuromuscular system is in harmony, the vectors of forces created by the closing muscles are directed to the central area of the cranium in a symmetrically balanced way. Unfortunately,TMJ fractures may alter completely this balance with loss of the support to the mandible against the temporal component and loss of the functional effect of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the mandible. Changes in orientation of the occlusal plane may result in facial alteration and asymmetries. In our experience, the restoration of a plan of occlusion orthogonally aligned to the forces of occlusion for a correct transfer of forces through the maxilla to the rest of the cranial bones is essential to allow proper face development. Two, quite similar cases of unilateral, dislocated condylar fracture treated in a different way, will be reported to demonstrate how this can occur. Available clinical data will be illustrated.

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Consolaro, Alberto. "Occlusal trauma can not be compared to orthodontic movement or Occlusal trauma in orthodontic practice and V-shaped recession." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 6 (December 2012): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000600003.

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The mechanisms of tissue changes induced by occlusal trauma are in no way comparable to orthodontic movement. In both events the primary cause is of a physical nature, but the forces delivered to dental tissues exhibit completely different characteristics in terms of intensity, duration, direction, distribution, frequency and form of uptake by periodontal tissues. Consequently, the tissue effects induced by occlusal trauma are different from orthodontic movement. It can be argued that occlusal trauma generates a pathological tissue injury in an attempt to adapt to new excessive functional demands. Orthodontic movement, in turn,performs physiological periodontal bone remodeling to change the position of the teeth in a well-planned manner, eventually restoring normalcy.

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Helal, Eman, Ahmed M. Esmat, and Sherihan M. Eissa. "AMOUNT OF BONE LOSS AND DIGITAL OCCLUSAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ATTACHMENT DESIGNS IN BILATERAL DISTAL EXTENSION PARTIAL DENTURE CASES." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12166.

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Background: OT unilateral extra-coronal attachmentconsidered as one of the best choices for distal extension partially edentulous cases. Aim: Comparing OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment with modified OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment RPDs with bracing arm regardingamount of bone loss and occlusal load (using T-scan system). Methods: Ten patients have missing bilateral mandibular molars teeth were treated according to split-mouth design using protocol A (OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment) and protocol B (modified OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment with a bracing arm). Amount of bone loss was evaluated radiographically at time of denture insertion, 3months, 6month, 9months, 12month and 18 months after denture delivery to measure the bone height changes. Also, occlusal load was evaluated using T-scanner (Digital occlusal analysis). Results: Regarding bone loss: Protocol B was significantly lower than protocol A after 6 and 12 months, while in occlusal load analysis Protocol B was insignificantly lower than protocol A. Conclusion: Less vertical bone height resorption and less occlusal forces in bracing side (OT unilateral extra-coronal attachment RPDs with a bracing arm) when compared with the non-bracing side.

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Torcato, Leonardo Bueno, Eduardo Piza Pellizzer, Fellippo Ramos Verri, Rosse Mary Falcón-Antenucci, Victor Eduardo de Souza Batista, and Leonardo Ferreira de Toledo Piza Lopes. "Effect of the Parafunctional Occlusal Loading and Crown Height on Stress Distribution." Brazilian Dental Journal 25, no. 6 (December 2014): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300144.

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The aim of this study was to assess, by the three-dimensional finite element method, the influence of crown-to-implant ratio and parafunctional occlusal loading on stress distribution in single external hexagon implant-supported prosthesis. Computer-aided design software was used to confection three models. Each model was composed of a block bone and an external hexagon implant (5x10.0 mm) with screw-retained implant prostheses, varying the height crown: 10, 12.5 and 15 mm. Finite element analysis software was used to generate the finite element mesh and to establish the loading and boundary conditions. Normal (200 N axial and 100 N oblique load) and parafunctional forces (1,000 N axial and 500 N oblique load) were applied. The results were visualized by von Mises and maximum principal stress. In comparison with the normal occlusal force, the parafunctional occlusal force induced an increase in stress concentration and magnitude on implant (platform and first threads) and screw (neck). The cortical bone showed the highest tensile stress under parafunctional force (oblique load). The stress concentration increased as the crown height increased. It was concluded that: increasing the C/I increased stress concentration in both implant components and cortical bone; parafunctional loading increased between 4-5 times the value of stresses in bone tissue compared with functional loading; the type of loading variation factor is more influential than the crown-to-implant factor.

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Shishkin, K. M., O. I. Arsenina, M. K. Shishkin, and N. V. Popova. "Stability of orthodontic correction: preconditions of relapses caused by occlusal forces." Stomatologiya 95, no. 5 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/stomat201695547-50.

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DARIO, LAWRENCE J. "HOW OCCLUSAL FORCES CHANGE IN IMPLANT PATIENTS: A CLINICAL RESEARCH REPORT." Journal of the American Dental Association 126, no. 8 (August 1995): 1130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0331.

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Daegling, David J., and William L. Hylander. "Occlusal forces and mandibular bone strain: Is the primate jaw “overdesigned”?" Journal of Human Evolution 33, no. 6 (December 1997): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1997.0164.

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KON, Mihoko, Kiyoshi KAKUTA, and Hideo OGURA. "Effects of Occlusal and Brushing Forces on Wear of Composite Resins." Dental Materials Journal 25, no. 1 (2006): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.25.183.

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Delgado‐Ruiz, Rafael Arcesio, Jose Luis Calvo‐Guirado, and Georgios E. Romanos. "Effects of occlusal forces on the peri‐implant‐bone interface stability." Periodontology 2000 81, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12291.

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Oltramari, Paula Vanessa Pedron, Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira Conti, Ricardo de Lima Navarro, Márcio Rodrigues de Almeida, Renata Rodrigues de Almeida-Pedrin, and Fernando Pedrin Carvalho Ferreira. "Importance of occlusion aspects in the completion of orthodontic treatment." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 1 (2007): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000100017.

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The purpose of this study was to address the therapeutic goals regarding the static and functional occlusion in the completion of orthodontic treatment. For such purpose, a study population comprising 20 female treated Class II malocclusion subjects with an initial mean age of 11 years underwent a two-phase treatment (orthopedics and orthodontics). The patients were diagnosed in centric relation and were treated according to the six keys for normal occlusion and functional occlusal parameters (centric relation, vertical dimension, lateral and anterior guidances, occlusal contacts and direction of forces applied on the teeth). After removal of fixed mechanics, retainers were installed and maintained for two years. Five years after orthodontic completion, the occlusal stability of the patients was evaluated regarding molar relationship and overjet, measured in dental casts. All subjects maintained the normal molar relationship and correct overjet achieved at the end of treatment, indicating a fair level of occlusal stability. The importance of the criteria of the ideal functional occlusion to ensure a better stability after completion orthodontic treatment will be discussed in detail in this paper. In addition, some clinical situations in which localized adjustments are indicated for occlusal refinement will be described.

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Ishida, Yuji, Zuisei Kanno, and Kunimichi Soma. "Occlusal Hypofunction Induces Atrophic Changes in Rat Gingiva." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/092907-465.1.

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Abstract Objective: To clarify the influence of occlusal hypofunction on the integrity of gingival tissue and gingival extracellular matrix biosynthesis. Materials and Methods: Thirteen-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. To eliminate occlusal forces, all the right maxillary molars were extracted in the hypofunctional group. The control group was anesthetized but not subjected to surgery. The rats were killed at 2 and 4 weeks after the procedure, and the lower right second molars were prepared for histological analysis. To investigate the effect of occlusal hypofunction on collagen biosynthesis, the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) was determined by immunohistochemistry as well as histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Disorientation of the collagen fibers, proliferation of the connective tissue fibroblasts, and enlargement of epithelial intercellular gaps were observed in gingival tissue of rat molars with experimental occlusal hypofunction. Immunohistochemically, the expression of CTGF and LOX was increased significantly (P < .05) in the hypofunctional group. Conclusion: These results suggest that occlusal hypofunction can affect the structural integrity and the expression of CTGF and LOX in gingival tissue.

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Jones, W. Bryan. "Malocclusion and Facial Types in a Group of Saudi Arabian Patients Referred for Orthodontic Treatment: A Preliminary Study." British Journal of Orthodontics 14, no. 3 (July 1987): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.14.3.143.

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Dental malocclusion is present in all societies but its prevalence varies. There is a need to identify the occlusal problems, their incidence and the need for treatment so that appropriate manpower arrangements may be made. In this initial survey, patients attending the orthodontic clinic at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital were examined for occlusal relationship, crowding, and facial type. There are indications amongst Saudi Arabian patients of a tendency for bimaxillary proclination and a greater proportion of Class III malocclusion, than in Western communities. The need for a comprehensive survey is identified.

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Bozhkova, Tanya, Nina Musurlieva, and Diyan Slavchev. "Comparative Study Qualitative and Quantitative Techniques in the Study of Occlusion." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1163874.

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Introduction. The wide variety of methods for recording occlusal contacts and the contradictory data on the interpretation of the obtained markings provoked us to make a comparative laboratory study between different occlusal indicators. Purpose. Evaluation of a qualitative and quantitative method for registration of occlusal contacts in static occlusion in laboratory conditions. Materials and Methods. In completion of the objective, we designed an apparatus for registration of the occlusal contacts (AROC) in static occlusion which is used, corresponding to the MIP in clinical conditions. The occlusal indicators that were included in the study were articulating paper 100 μ, articulating foil 12 μ, and T-Scan Novus system with a sensor thickness of 100 μ. The collected primary statistical information was entered and processed with the statistical package SPSS Statistics 19.0, and the graphs were prepared using Microsoft Office 2019. We performed descriptive statistical analysis in this study. Comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student’s t -test, and Pearson coefficient method. For a significance level, p < 0.05 was chosen. Result and Discussion. With quality occlusal indicators, it is possible only to visually determine the size, number, and intensity of the marked contacts. After the statistical processing of the obtained data on the number of registered contacts, a significant difference is found in the number of contacts of certain teeth (18, 24, 25, 28, 38, 35, 34, 33, 44, 45, and 48) registered with articulating paper and articulating foil. The maximum force that is reported during the study with the T-Scan system is 93.72% and the forces in the right half of the dentition are 51.7% and in the left 48.9%. To visualize the location of the registered occlusal contacts with the system, it is intraoral to use a quality indicator and we recommend the use of articulating foil. Conclusion. Based on findings from the current in vitro simulation, we can conclude that the type of occlusal indicator influences the registration of contacts, and therefore, we propose as a method of choice to achieve a balanced occlusion in clinical practice to combine the use of one conventional and one quantitative method.

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Hussein, Mohamed G., and Cherif A. Mohsen. "Bond Strength and Microleakage of Different Designs of Occlusal Veeners." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.1.nq21009.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate fracture strength of different lithium disilicate occlusal veneers designs with different tooth preparations. Material and method: Fifty-six extracted human mandibular molars were collected with relatively comparable size and standardization done by diamond saw and it will receive. 6mm lithium disilicate occlusal veneers. Specimens will be divided into two main groups, each of these groups contains 28 samples (group A&B), the first group represents occlusal veneers with 1.0 ml with radial shoulder finish line design includes axial surfaces for a2 ml length, while the second group represents occlusal veneers preparation without finish line. Each main group will be subdivided into 2 subtypes groups (A1, A2, B1, B2), each subtype group contains 14 samples, the first subtype group will receive a buccal groove, while the second subgroup will be without grooves. Each subgroup will be divided into 2 classes (7 samples) according to the type of test it will be subjected to: microleakage, bond strength. Results: The fracture strength is (mean value+ standard deviation) in plain occlusal reduction without vs with buccal groove(890.36±42.51N), (865.69±36.79N). The fracture strength is (mean value ± standard deviation) in occlusal reduction with radial shoulder, without or with buccal groove (835.36±42.51N), (820.69±36.79N), with nonsignificant difference p value <0.05. Conclusions: All tested occlusal veneer designs proved to withstand normal and parafunctional masticatory forces with non-significant statistical difference.

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Verma, Mahesh, Sneha Menghani, Jyoti Devi, Rekha Gupta, and Shubhra Gill. "A Novel Approach to Treat Traumatized Alveolar Ridges: Two Case Reports." Case Reports in Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9312412.

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Functional forces are transmitted to the basal seat mucosa through a hard denture base during mastication. Such hard base dentures are not comfortably tolerated in patients with fragile oral mucosa and will cause sore spots, masticatory pain, and further resorption of alveolar bone. Soft liners materials can be advocated successfully to manage such clinical situations. The soft liner material absorbs masticatory forces by means of the cushioning effect and distributes occlusal forces uniformly to prevent trauma to compromised residual ridges.

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Li, Quan-Zhou, Cheng-Yong Wang, Li-Juan Zheng, Dan-Na Zhao, and Chao-Feng Zeng. "Machinability of enamel under grinding process using diamond dental burrs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, no. 11 (September 18, 2019): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919873804.

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Enamel grinding is a critical dental surgery process. However, tooth damage during the process remains a significant problem. Grinding forces, burr wear, and surface quality were characterised in relation to grinding speed, enamel orientation, grinding depth, and burr grit grain size. Results indicated that enamel rod orientation, grinding depth, and grinding speed critically affected enamel grinding. Occlusal surface grinding resulted in significantly higher normal forces, surface roughness, and marginally greater tangential forces than axial surface grinding. Damage to enamel machined surfaces indicated the significant impact of diamond grit size and rod orientation. Burr wear was primarily diamond grit peeling off and breakage. Surface roughness of axial and occlusal sections was largely influenced by grinding speed and diamond grit size. Improving the surface quality of machined enamel surfaces could be realised using fine burrs, reducing the grinding speed and grinding depth, and adjusting the feed direction vertical to the rod orientation. Enamel surface quality and roughness could be improved by reducing brittle failure and circular runout during the grinding process, respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Occlusal forces'

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