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1

Mestriner, Soraya Fernandes, Dionísio Vinha, and Wilson Mestriner Junior. "Comparison of different methods for the occlusal dentine caries diagnosis." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 1 (March 2005): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000100007.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of in-vitro methods for the occlusal dentine caries diagnosis. Thirty-eight sites were evaluated on third molars without macroscopic carious cavitation in adult individuals from the city of Barretos (SP), Brazil. Visual inspection (VI), endoscopic evaluation (AcuCam), visual inspection and blunt-tipped exploratory probes (Tactile), conventional bite-wing radiographs (CR), direct bite-wing digital radiograph (DR), and direct digital radiograph with contrast and brightness controled (DRbc) were used by five observers. In order to validate the data, the teeth were sectioned and histologically evaluated. The average sensitivity and specificity values of the methods were respectively:0,25 , 0,96 (VI); 0,15 , 0,92 (AcuCam); 0,17 , 0,95 (Tactile); 0,45 , 0,73 (CR); 0,33 , 0,80 (DR) and 0,35 , 0,84 (DRbc) , the effectiveness of clinical methods (VI, AcuCam and Tactile) as well as that of radiographic methods (CR, DR and DRbc) were comparatively similar. The clinical methods presented a smaller number of false-positive diagnosis than the radiographic methods. It was concluded that visual inspection is an important diagnostic method; conventional bite-wing and digital radiography aid the diagnosis and are equally efficient to diagnose carious lesions in the dentine of teeth without visible cavitation.
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Blumer, Sigalit, Johnny Kharouba, Lazar Kats, Dora Schachter, and Hanaa Azem. "Visual Examination, Fluorescence-Aided Caries Excavation (FACE) Technology, Bitewing X-Ray Radiography in the Detection of Occlusal Caries in First Permanent Molars in Children." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 45, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.2.

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Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of visual examination, radiographic examination and fluorescence-aided caries excavation (FACE) in detecting occlusal caries in first permanent molars in 150 children aged 6–14 years with intact occlusal surface with caries lesions without cavitation, or with darkened or deep fissures that had no clear diagnosis. Study design: Two dentists independently performed a visual oral examination, FACE and bitewing radiography. The inter-rater reliability of each detection method was determined and their specificity and sensitivity. Results: All caries detection methods showed high inter-rater reliability with absolute agreement between raters above 90%. Most caries lesions were detected by visual (75.8%) and FACE (79.1%), while only 28.8% of lesions were detected by radiography. Detection by visual examination was strongly correlated with detection by FACE (X2=37.9, Phi=0.498, p<0.001). A lower, yet statistically significant, correlation was found between visual examination and X-ray radiography (X2=5.53, Phi=0.190, p<0.001). FACE had higher sensitivity (87%) and specificity (65%) for detecting occlusal caries in comparison with radiography (60% specificity and 55% sensitivity). Conclusion: Although visual examination remains the best method to detect occlusal caries in young permanent molars in children, FACE is an effective and accurate diagnostic tool that may aid in detection and treatment decisions.
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Luong, Minh N., Yasushi Shimada, Kazuyuki Araki, Masahiro Yoshiyama, Junji Tagami, and Alireza Sadr. "Diagnosis of Occlusal Caries with Dynamic Slicing of 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Images." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061659.

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Detecting the extent of occlusal caries is a clinically important but challenging task required for treatment decision making. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic power of 3D swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) for evaluation of occlusal caries in comparison with X-ray radiography. Extracted human molars not exhibiting American Dental Association (ADA) criteria advanced caries were mounted in a silicone block and digital dental radiographs were captured from the buccal side. Subsequently, occlusal surfaces were scanned with a prototype Yoshida Dental OCT. Thirteen examiners evaluated the presence and extent of caries on radiographs and dynamically sliced 3D OCT video images, using a 4 level scale—0: intact; 1: enamel demineralization without cavitation; 2: enamel caries with cavitation; 3: dentin caries with or without cavitation. Sensitivity, specificity and area under operating characteristic curves (Az) were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Reliability analysis showed an excellent agreement among the 13 examiners for both methods. The OCT presented a significantly higher sensitivity and Az value for the detection of caries compared to radiographs (p < 0.05). Radiography showed especially low sensitivity for dentin caries (0–2 versus 3). Dynamic slicing of 3D OCT volumes is a powerful adjunct tool to visual inspection to diagnose the dentin occlusal caries in vitro.
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Hutasoit, Yohanes, Ria N. Firman, and Arlette Suzy. "Periapical radiography using bisect technique in autistic children through nonpharmacological approach: a case report." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v2i2.532.

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Objective:The periapical dental radiography using bisect technique needs a special skill in managing autistic patient. Autism is one of the characteristics from handicapped children with behavioral syndrome caused by neurological disturbance characterized by behavioral disturbance, communication, and social interaction difficulties occurringin the first three years of the children life.Problems occurringin dental radiography in such children make the bisect technique necessary. Dentist and the operator need to do special preparations to optimally create the dental radiograph using two approaches, i.e. nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches.Methods:In this case, dental imaging using bisect technique for autistic children is performed using modified technique for periapical and occlusal imaging as well as nonpharmacological approach.Result:Theradiograph examination for autistic children using modified technique can be done successfully.Conclusion:Dental radiographin autistic children canbe performed by modifying periapical radiograph using bisecting technique with nonpharmacological approach.
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5

Beltrán, Jorge A., Roberto A. León-Manco, and Maria Eugenia Guerrero. "Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and three intraoral radiographic systems in the diagnosis of carious lesions in vitro." Journal of Oral Research 9, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2020.091.

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Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and three intraoral radiographic systems in the detection of in vitro caries lesions. Material and Methods: One hundred teeth (46 molars and 54 premolars) were evaluated, including 176 proximal surfaces and 90 occlusal surfaces, with or without dental caries lesions. Digital images of all teeth were obtained using specific intraoral radiographs, VistaScan DürrDental®phosphor-plate radiography, XIOS XG Sirona® digital sensor radiography, and CBCT I-CATTM. Observers evaluated the images for the detection of caries lesions. The teeth were clinically sectioned and stereomicroscopy served as a validation tool. The relationship of sensitivity and specificity between all systems was determined through the ROC curve using Az values. Results: The values of the area under the curve (Az) selected for the CBCT I-CATTM system were 0.89 (0.84-0.93), for conventional radiography 0.71 (0.66-0.76), digital sensor radiography 0.74 (0.70-0.78) and digital radiography with phosphor-plates 0.73 (0.69-0.77). Statistically significant differences were found between the CBCT I-CATTM system and intraoral radiographic systems (p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity values for the CBCT I-CATTM were 0.84 and 0.93 respectively. Conclusion: CBCT has a high sensitivity and specificity compared to intraoral radiographic systems for the diagnosis of dental caries lesions in vitro.
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6

Inceoglu, Beste, Sebahat Gorgun, Halil T. Yuksel, Emine S. Kursun, and Hakan Eren. "Comparison of Visual Examination, Bite-wing Radiography, and Fiberoptic Transillumination on Caries Detection." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 7, no. 2 (2017): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1189.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The detection of carious lesions in the initial stages of development is very important to prevent the occurrence of cavitation. Visual examination and the use of a dental probe, bite-wing radiography, and fiberoptic transillumination (FOTI) have long been recommended for this purpose. Visual examination and probing of suspected lesions are useful for detecting occlusal caries, but achieve no gain of sensitivity and might cause irreversible tooth damage. Bite-wing radiography helps to detect approximal lesions better than clinical examination and probing the lesion. But the diagnostic performance of bite-wing radiography at approximal and occlusal sites is different. The FOTI is a quick and inexpensive method that can enhance visual examination of all tooth surfaces. The aim of this in vivo study is to compare FOTI with bite-wing radiography and visual examination in the detection of approximal and occlusal caries. Materials and methods A total of 46 patients without missing teeth and dentures in the posterior region of jaws were examined for the evaluation of all premolar and molar teeth contacts. Three blinded practitioners examined the patients. First one evaluated radiologically, second one visually, and the last one evaluated with FOTI. Results According to statistical results, bite-wing radiograph had the highest sensitivity. However, evaluation with FOTI had acceptable results to detect approximal caries. Conclusion Study of the results has shown that clinically FOTI is an adjunct method for detection of approximal caries. How to cite this article Eren H, Yuksel HT, Inceoglu B, Kursun ES, Gorgun S. Comparison of Visual Examination, Bite-wing Radiography, and Fiberoptic Transillumination on Caries Detection. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):77-81.
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Chalakkal, P., F. Akkara, AM Thomas, and Ida deNoronha de Ataide. "Vertex occlusal radiography in localizing unerupted mesiodentes." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 29, no. 3 (2011): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.85838.

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8

Angmar-Mansson, B., and J. J. Ten Bosh. "Advances in Methods for Diagnosing Coronal Caries-a Review." Advances in Dental Research 7, no. 2 (August 1993): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374930070021801.

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Diagnostic methods for coronal caries in common use include visual inspection, tactile examination with a probe, bite-wing radiography, and often fiber-optic-transillumination (FOTI). Early diagnosis enables small lesions to be identified so that remineralization of lesions by preventive measures can be attempted; in clinical research, it may shorten the time for clinical trials. Quantitative methods may potentially decrease interexaminer variations and facilitate the determination of small progressions or regressions. This review discusses recent advances in the development of such methods, i.e., endoscopic methods, FOTI, light-scattering, laser fluorescence, ultraviolet illumination, penetration of dyes, iodide penetration, electrical resistance, ultrasonic imaging, and improved radiographic imaging techniques. Diagnosis of occlusal surfaces gains from the use of the electrical resistance method (preferable when the emphasis is on finding lesions) or radiography (when the emphasis is on identifying sound surfaces). Digitized radiography with simple contrast enhancement gives some further improvement. Quantitative methods are not yet proven to be good enough to measure small changes. Quantitative methods are not yet proven to be good enough to measure small changes. For occlusal surfaces, the electrical resistance method may be, but this has to be confirmed. For approximal surfaces, digitized radiography and fluorescent dye penetration have to be tested for clinical feasibility. It is concluded that there are many methods in development, but all require clinical testing, and many still need development before clinical use.
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9

Taylor, N. G., and A. G. Jones. "Are anterior occlusal radiographs indicated to supplement panoramic radiography during an orthodontic assessment?" British Dental Journal 179, no. 10 (November 1995): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4808931.

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10

Hausmann, E., R. Dunford, L. Christersson, K. Allen, and U. Wikesjo. "Crestal Alveolar Bone Change in Patients with Periodontitis as Observed by Subtraction Radiography: An Overview." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020023201.

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Subtraction radiography is a highly sensitive and useful technique for detecting crestal alveolar bone changes in patients. Utilizing this technique, researchers have demonstrated that 9% of crestal sites lose bone over a six-month period in untreated subjects with periodontitis. On the order of 10-13% of crestal sites were found to lose bone three months post-periodontal therapy which included surgery. Non-surgical therapy resulted in 0.5-2% of crestal sites with bone loss. Subtraction requires radiographs which have closely approximating projection geometry. Presently available technology for taking standardized radiographs based on an occlusal stent system is adequate for obtaining interpretable subtraction images.
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11

Reddy, Michael S., and I.-Chung Wang. "Radiographic Determinants of Implant Performance." Advances in Dental Research 13, no. 1 (June 1999): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374990130010301.

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This paper reviews and compares the strengths and weaknesses of radiographic techniques including periapical, occlusal, panoramic, direct digital, motion tomography, and computed tomography. Practical considerations for each method, including availability and accessibility, are discussed. To date, digital subtraction radiography is the most versatile and sensitive method for measuring boss loss. It can detect both bone height and bone mass changes on root-form or blade-form dental implants. Criteria for implant success have changed substantially over the past two decades. In clinical trials of dental implants, the outcomes require certain radiographic analyses to address the hypothesis or clinical question adequately. Radiographic methods best suited to the objective assessment of implant performance and hypothesis were reviewed.
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12

Yunus, Barunawaty. "Optimalisasi radiografi gigi konvensional untuk membantu pemasangan implan gigi." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v8i1.206.

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Radiography as diagnostic tool is essential for treatment plan of implant. Manytechniques used to produce radiography are recommended to support the dentist inaccessing area of implantation. Many implant experts use panoramic radiography asguidelines of jaw bone evaluation as recommended by implant procedures. In orderto get optimal measurement, occlusal radiography technique can be added to evaluatethe bone thickness.panoramic and periapical radiography can solely evaluate thewidth and height of jaw bone. This study proposed to evaluate parametric value, aswidth, height, and thickness of jaw bone by conventional dental diagnosticradiography. This was observational study, with cross sectional design. Samples werechosen as population target that fulfilled samples criteria. Number of samples were 30and and analyzed using the SPSS program for Windows 14.0 and T-test. In this study,it can be concluded that there was significant difference before and after conversion ofall parametric radiography conventional tooth on jaw bone.
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13

Ricketts, D. N. J., K. R. Ekstrand, S. Martignon, R. Ellwood, M. Alatsaris, and Z. Nugent. "Accuracy and Reproducibility of Conventional Radiographic Assessment and Subtraction Radiography in Detecting Demineralization in Occlusal Surfaces." Caries Research 41, no. 2 (2007): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000098045.

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14

Wenzel, Ann, and Agnar Halse. "Digital subtraction radiography after stanous fluoride treatment for occlusal caries diagnosis." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 74, no. 6 (December 1992): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(92)90416-n.

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15

Saakyan, Mikhail, Ol'ga Uspenskaya, Sergey Ryabov, and Aleksey Aleksandrov. "DETERMINATION OF ERRORS IN THE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF OCCLUSIVE SPLINTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TMJ DISEASES." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 2 (August 12, 2020): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-2-129-133.

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Subject. For the treatment of diseases of the temporomandibular joint, occlusal splints are used, in the manufacture of which different methods are used, which have their negative and positive properties. 3D printing technology allows the manufacture of occlusal splints with high precision fit to the dentition and with uniform occlusal contacts with respect to antagonist teeth. The goal is to study errors in the technology of manufacturing occlusal splints for the treatment of patients with diseases of the temporomandibular joint. Methodology. Thirty patients with distal displacement of the heads of the temporomandibular joint in the range of 1-1.5 mm were examined. Patients were diagnosed with Angle Grade 2. The methods used were tele-radiography, 3D computed tomography, and laboratory scanning of jaw models. Results. Errors were revealed in the manufacture of occlusal tires using digital scanning in the EXO-CAD program, various features of adaptation to occlusal tires obtained using 3D printing and cad-cam milling. Findings. 3D printing technology allows the manufacture of occlusal splints with high precision fit to the dentition with uniform occlusal contacts with respect to antagonist teeth. The technology for milling occlusal tires gives an advantage in their strength compared to 3D printing technology. However, the mouthguards made by technology are inferior to mouthguards made on a 3D printer in terms of elasticity of fit to the dentition, which can cause discomfort and pain during the use of milled mouthguards. Occlusal tires made by cold polymerization have lower accuracy of fit to the dentition and require correction when fitting and checking the occlusal relationship of the dentition.
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Kashiwa, Misa, Yasushi Shimada, Alireza Sadr, Masahiro Yoshiyama, Yasunori Sumi, and Junji Tagami. "Diagnosis of Occlusal Tooth Wear Using 3D Imaging of Optical Coherence Tomography Ex Vivo." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 6016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216016.

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The aim of this study was to assess the utility of 3D imaging of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the diagnosis of occlusal tooth wear ex vivo. Sixty-three extracted human molars with or without visible tooth wear were collected to take digital intraoral radiography and 3D OCT images. The degree of tooth wear was evaluated by 12 examiners and scored using 4-rank scale: 1—slight enamel wear; 2—distinct enamel wear; 3—tooth wear with slight dentin exposure; 4—tooth wear with distinct involvement of dentin. The degree of tooth wear was validated by the histological view of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic analysis were calculated. Diagnostic accuracy was compared with the agreement with CLSM observation using weighted kappa. The results were statistically analyzed at a significance level of α = 0.05. Three-dimensional OCT showed significantly higher sensitivity (p < 0.05) for all the diagnostic thresholds of enamel wear and dentin exposure than digital radiography (0.82, 0.85, and 0.79 vs. 0.56, 0.52, and 0.57, respectively). Three-dimensional OCT showed higher AUC and kappa coefficients than digital radiography (p < 0.05), where mean AUC and Kappa values were 0.95 and 0.76 for OCT and 0.92 and 0.47 for radiography, respectively. No significant difference of specificity was observed (p > 0.05). Three-dimensional OCT could visualize and estimate the degree of tooth wear and detect the dentin exposure at the tooth wear surface accurately and reproducibly. Consequently, a new guideline for tooth wear assessment can be proposed using OCT.
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Shi, X. Q., U. Welander, and B. Angmar-Månsson. "Occlusal Caries Detection with KaVo DIAGNOdent and Radiography: An in vitro Comparison." Caries Research 34, no. 2 (2000): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000016583.

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18

Movahhed, T., A. Makarem, M. Imanimogha, N. Anbiaee, A. R. Sarrafshir, and M. T. Shakeri. "Locating the Mandibular Foramen Relative to the Occlusal Plane using Panoramic Radiography." Journal of Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 15, 2011): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.573.578.

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19

Senturk, Mehmet Fatih, Elif Naz Yakar, and Bengi Oztas. "Is It a Sialolithiasis or Tooth?" International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 2, no. 1 (2013): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1040.

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ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to present careful evaluation of the clinical and radiological findings of submandibular salivary gland pathologies and its importance to diagnose. Case report Presented here is a case report of a 65-year-old male patient who had a submandibular sialolith. The sialolith was removed with intraoral approach and no postoperative complications were noted. Radiopaque lesion was similar to premolar tooth according to radiographic examinations performed by use of panoramic and occlusal radiography. Conclusion Reported here is a case of submandibular sialolith which was diagnosed clinically and radiographically and treated with no postoperative complications. How to cite this article Inceoglu B, Senturk MF, Yakar EN, Oztas B. Is It a Sialolithiasis or Tooth?. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):50-52.
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20

Rosier, B. T., C. van Loveren, E. Zaura, B. G. Loos, B. J. F. Keijser, W. Crielaard, and M. D. Lagerweij. "Caries Incidence in a Healthy Young Adult Population in Relation to Diet." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2016): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416683340.

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In the past, epidemiological studies focused on cavitated stages of caries. The arrival of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in 2004 allowed for clinical measurements of the initial stages of enamel caries. However, since the introduction, most studies applying the ICDAS still have studied the diseased population. The objective of this cross-sectional observational study was to describe early enamel caries in a large healthy young adult population and determine the relationship with diet and oral hygiene measures. The study population consisted of 268 healthy participants without frank cavitation. The examinations were done visually and radiographically using ICDAS on all tooth surfaces. In total, 8.6% of the surfaces (occlusal > approximal > smooth) had caries, of which 92.0% were confined to enamel (28.5% ICDAS score 1, 54.0% score 2, 8.6% score 3). Thirteen percent of the occlusal and 63% of the approximal caries were found with radiography. Thus, radiography is quintessential for the diagnosis of approximal enamel lesions. We found a positive correlation between enamel caries (ICDAS 1 to 3) and the consumption of mono- and disaccharides and carbohydrates ( r = 0.226 and r = 0.188, respectively, both P < 0.01), as well as a negative correlation with alcohol consumption ( r = −0.202, P < 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between enamel caries and the energy intake from mono- and disaccharides (sugar kJ, r = 0.206, P < 0.01), which was independent of body mass index. Only 11 participants consumed less than 10% of total energy as sugar kJ, which is the recommended percentage of kJ from free sugar by the World Health Organization. No clear correlation was found with oral hygiene. In conclusion, in this healthy young adult population, caries was found in 97.8% of the subjects, mostly initial enamel caries (ICDAS 1 to 2) in the occlusal surface of molars, and was related with dietary factors.
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Dias da Silva, P. R., M. Martins Marques, W. Steagall, F. Medeiros Mendes, and C. A. Lascala. "Accuracy of direct digital radiography for detecting occlusal caries in primary teeth compared with conventional radiography and visual inspection: anin vitrostudy." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 39, no. 6 (September 2010): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/22865872.

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Djuric, Marija, Zoran Rakocevic, and Nenad Rankovic. "Age assessment at the time of death based on panoramic radiography." Vojnosanitetski pregled 62, no. 7-8 (2005): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0508557d.

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Background. The determination of age at the time of death is an important method in forensic anthropology and paleodemography. The possible postmortem investigation of the teeth and jaws enables the determination of age at the time of death, as the bones and teeth are both resistant to degradation in soil and characterized by age-related morphological changes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the age-related changes visible on panoramic radiography correlated with age, and enabled the assessment of individual age. Methods. Seven radiographic parameters were used in the study: tooth loss, occlusal tooth wear, pulp stones, carious teeth, periapical disease, tooth restoration, and alveolar bone loss associated with periodontal disease. Results. The material comprised 314 dental panoramic tomograms of living patients of both sexes with documented age (18 to 77 years). Multiple regression equations were constructed for the age estimation, including four parameters (the number of missing teeth, the number of intact teeth, the distance of cement-enamel junction from the alveolar ridge, the number of abraded teeth). The nature of data treated by regression analysis required the careful choice of parameters, appropriate functional model for each parameter, and the experience of the investigator. With the four parameters included in equations, the error was ? 2.55 years. Conclusion. This preliminary analysis showed that the conventional regression technique could be appropriate for the age estimation based on panoramic radiography, and that an additional study with a larger sample and on wider population was required.
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Angnes, V., G. Angnes, M. Batisttella, R. H. M. Grande, A. D. Loguercio, and A. Reis. "Clinical Effectiveness of Laser Fluorescence, Visual Inspection and Radiography in the Detection of Occlusal Caries." Caries Research 39, no. 6 (2005): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000088185.

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Sridhar, N., S. Tandon, and Nirmala Rao. "A comparative evaluation of DIAGNOdent with visual and radiography for detection of occlusal caries: Anin vitrostudy." Indian Journal of Dental Research 20, no. 3 (2009): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.57376.

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Monteiro, Maria Rachel, Caio Cesar Randi Ferraz, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, and José Flávio Affonso Almeida. "Diagnosis of a horizontal root fracture during retreatment of a maxillary canine utilizing an electronic apex locator and monitoring with CBCT: a case report." Brazilian Dental Science 16, no. 4 (December 5, 2013): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2013.v16i4.923.

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<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this case report is todemonstrate the retreatment of a maxillary caninediagnosed with a horizontal root fracture utilizingan electronic apex locator and monitored with conebeam computed tomography. <strong>Case Report: </strong>A 35year old African American male was referred for rootcanal retreatment of a maxillary right canine prior toprosthetic rehabilitation. Following removal of guttapercha, an apex locator was utilized to determine thelength of the root canal. After a more comprehensivedental history, the patient confirmed a previouslyunreported history of dental trauma at this time,leading to the suspicion of a horizontal root fracture.Clinical microscopy detected a connective tissue in theapical third of the root canal and multiple periapicaland occlusal radiographs enhanced visualizationof a horizontal root fracture. The coronal segmentwas filled with an MTA apical plug and the apicalsegment remained stable. A recall after 1.5 yearswas performed with CBCT, which showed no apicalradiolucency. <strong>Discussion: </strong>The present case reportreinforces the precept that detailed dental history andcareful observation of radiographs are critical factorsfor obtaining an accurate diagnosis. Fundamentaladjuncts, such as microscopy, apex locators andCBCT imaging, can potentially aid in the diagnosisand the subsequent treatment plan of horizontal rootfracture.</p><p>Keywords<br />Cone-beam computed tomography; Apex locator Cuspid; Radiography; horizontal root fracture.</p>
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Simões, Tânia Cristina, Leonardo Carmezini Marques, André Tomazini Gomes de Sá, Sandra Mara Maciel, Marcelo Lupion Poleti, Fabíola Stahlke Prado, Alejandra Hortência Miranda González, Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, and Sandra Kiss Moura. "Performance of methods for detecting occlusal caries lesions: ICDAS X radiological image." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): e1859108490. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8490.

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Objective: We investigated the precision and accuracy of methods to detect caries lesions on the occlusal surface in vitro using ICDAS and radiological image. Methodology: Human third molars (n=14) were placed in an acrylic resin base and maintained wet during the study. The occlusal surfaces were visually inspected by three examiners using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) method. The condition of each tooth was registered by images obtained with Digital Radiography (DR), Microcomputed Tomography (µ-CT) and Histologic Specimen (HS). For each tooth and method utilized in the study, an image was selected based on the largest extension of caries found, wherein the three examiners attributed a score to the lesion in accordance with the visual description of each method. The Kappa index, Fisher’s exact test and the Spearman´s correlation coefficient were used for evaluating reliability and accuracy, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Considerable interobserver reliability values were found for ICDAS (k = 0.701), almost perfect for µ-CT (k = 0.855) and HS (k = 0.920), and reasonable for DR (k = 0.221). Significant statistical difference was observed for ICDAS (p < 0.05), and for DR and µ-CT methods (p < 0.01). The correlation was moderate for ICDAS (r = 0.597), high for DR (r = 0.764) and perfect for µ-CT (1.000). Conclusions: the most reliability method for detecting caries lesions on occlusal surfaces in vitro was µ-CT, followed by ICDAS and DR. The most accurate method was µ-CT, followed by DR and ICDAS.
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Limone, Leah E., and Robert M. Baratt. "Transcutaneous Lateral Alveolar Ostectomy for Standing Surgical Extraction of Mandibular First Molar in an 8-Year-Old Miniature Horse." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 37, no. 1 (March 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898756420928327.

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An 8-year-old, 125 kg (275 lb) female miniature horse was evaluated for a persistently thickened left mandible and cutaneous fistula. Pulp horn defects were identified in pulp horns 1 and 3 of tooth 309 and occlusal pulp exposure was detected with a dental explorer. Radiography of the left mandibular dental quadrant revealed changes consistent with apical infection of tooth 309. Following the failure of oral extraction, a standing surgical approach was taken for transcutaneous lateral alveolar ostectomy and extraction. Roots were sectioned at the level of the furcation and elevated from the surgical site, and the remaining reserve crown was luxated and repulsed into the oral cavity. Healing of the surgical site and alveolus was uncomplicated.
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Hintze, H., A. Wenzel, and M. J. Larsen. "Stereomicroscopy, Film Radiography, Microradiography and Naked-Eye Inspection of Tooth Sections as Validation for Occlusal Caries Diagnosis." Caries Research 29, no. 5 (1995): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000262093.

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Huysmans, M. Ch D. N. J. M., Ch Longbottom, and N. B. Pitts. "Electrical Methods in Occlusal Caries Diagnosis: An in vitro Comparison with Visual Inspection and Bite–Wing Radiography." Caries Research 32, no. 5 (1998): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000016467.

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Hintze, H., A. Wenzel, and C. Jones. "In vitro Comparison of D- and E-Speed Film Radiography, RVG, and Visualix Digital Radiography for the Detection of Enamel Approximal and Dentinal Occlusal Caries Lesions." Caries Research 28, no. 5 (1994): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000262002.

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Magera, N. S. "CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE DENTOALVEOLAR SYSTEM IN EXCESSIVE TOOTH ABRASION AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2019.08.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the state of the dentoalveolar system in patients with excessive abrasion of teeth with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in a comparative aspect. The study group included 68 patients, 31 (45.6%) of which were males and 37 (54.4%) females, aged from 21 to 70. Patients are divided into two groups: the control group and the study group. The control group included 31 patients who were diagnosed with excessive tooth abrasion alone in combination with possible other occlusal disorders. The study group included 37 patients with excessive abrasion of teeth, possible other occlusal disorders and various forms of temporomandibular disorders: muscular, articular, and combined. A preliminary clinical dental examination was based on instant diagnosis according to Hamburg protocol. Additional examination methods included clinical diagnostic techniques (to determine features of the mandibular movements, loading tests of the TMJ, palpation of masticatory muscles, muscles of the neck and shoulders, etc.), as well as imaging techniques of the TMJ (panoramic radiography, zonography, 3D radiography of the TMJ, MRI, ultrasound of the TMJ and muscles), as well as the condylography. The comparative analysis of prosthetic pathology, which was revealed in the oral cavity of patients depending on the groups, showed the following data. Excessive tooth abrasion without other occlusal pathologies was diagnosed only in 3 of 31 patients accounting for 9.7% in the group of patients with excessive tooth abrasion without signs of TMDs (control group). Among patients in this group, a fairly high percentage is attributed to the pathological eruption of the third molars – 32.1% and "multiple dental defects" – 21.5%, which together account for 53.6%. Excessive tooth abrasion alone without other occlusal disorders was diagnosed in 6 of 37 patients accounting for 16.2% in the group with both excessive tooth abrasion and temporomandibular disorders (study group). Prosthetic pathology was determined to occur three times more often among patients with both excessive tooth abrasion and TMDs compared to the patients with excessive tooth abrasion alone (38.7% in the group with TMDs vs. 14.3% in the control group, p<0.01). However, the pathological eruption of the third molars, on the contrary, was detected 2 times more often in the group with excessive tooth abrasion alone compared with the group of patients with TMDs (32.1% in the control group vs. 16.1% in the study group, p<0.05). A homogeneous distribution of the generalized type of tooth abrasion and its local type was found to be specific to the controls (51.6% with the generalized type and 49.4% with the local type of abrasion). However, for the local type of abrasion in this group of patients, it was determined that a significant predominance was specific to the frontal area in comparison with the distal regions of the tooth abrasion (the rates reached 41.9% for the frontal area vs. only 6.5% for the distal regions; p<0.01). A significant predominance of the local type of excessive abrasion (83.7% of the local type vs. 16.3% of the generalized type, p<0.001) was determined in patients with both excessive tooth abrasion and TMDs. Moreover, the distribution was almost homogeneous in relation to the frontal or distal regions (43.2% for frontal and 40.5% for distal areas). Probably, the loss of distal occlusal support in the area of the lateral teeth is a factor that can provoke the development of TMD. Such features should be taken into account when providing prosthetic care to such patients. The revealed features in the diagnosis of patients with excessive tooth abrasion, other occlusal disorders in the settings of temporomandibular disorders should be taken into account in their treatment and, especially, in the provision of prosthetics to such patients.
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Schaefer, Gerrit, Vinay Pitchika, Friederike Litzenburger, Reinhard Hickel, and Jan Kühnisch. "Evaluation of occlusal caries detection and assessment by visual inspection, digital bitewing radiography and near-infrared light transillumination." Clinical Oral Investigations 22, no. 7 (June 18, 2018): 2431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2512-0.

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Pourhashemi, SJ, A. Jafari, P. Motahhari, M. Panjnoosh, MJ Kharrazi Fard, I. Sanati, M. Sahadfar, and M. Pariab. "Anin-vitrocomparison of visual inspection, bite-wing radiography, and laser fluorescence methods for the diagnosis of occlusal caries." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 27, no. 2 (2009): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.55333.

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Sofyanti, Ervina, Trelia Boel, Denny Satria, Zuriyah Fionita Ritonga, and Indah Hafniar Hasibuan. "Evaluation of dental arches in orthodontic patients with condylar hyperplasia in a North Sumatra subpopulation: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 9 (April 16, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22780.1.

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Background: Condylar Hyperplasia (CH) is a self-limiting mandibular condyle disorder that shows asymmetry progress conjunction with associated occlusal changes as long as condylar growth is still active and leads to facial asymmetry. This study aimed to evaluate dental arches by analyzing dental arch asymmetry and form in orthodontic patients with CH in a North Sumatra subpopulation. Methods: This is a retrospective study of suspected CH patient’s clinical records who sought for the initial orthodontic treatment between January 2015 to March 2019. Patient with facial asymmetry (based on photography, posterior cross bite and midline deviation), positive temporomandibular joint disorder in functional analysis, and no history of facial trauma were included in the study. Dental arch asymmetry was based on the measurement of dental midline deviation, canine tip in the dental arch, distance of the upper canines from the palatal suture, and inter canine distance. The evaluation of dental arch was achieved by comparing arch width and length. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) of upper canine distance from the palatal suture in female patients when evaluating upper dental arch asymmetry. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.379) in midline deviation between upper and lower dental arch. The dimension and dental arch form was mid and flat, and there was moderate correlation (r=0.448) between the upper and lower dental arch form in these CH patients. Conclusion: The evaluation of dental arch symmetry and arch form showed asymmetric occlusal characteristics in orthodontics patient with CH in North Sumatera subpopulation. In treating these patients, we recommend the plaster cast evaluation as essential and routine procedure in order to understand the complexity of occlusal change due to active growth of condylar and limitation in radiography evaluation.
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Sofyanti, Ervina, Trelia Boel, Denny Satria, Zuriyah Fionita Ritonga, and Indah Hafniar Hasibuan. "Evaluation of dental arches in orthodontic patients with condylar hyperplasia in a North Sumatra subpopulation: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 9 (May 21, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22780.2.

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Background: Condylar Hyperplasia (CH) is a self-limiting mandibular condyle disorder that shows asymmetry progress conjunction with associated occlusal changes as long as condylar growth is still active and leads to facial asymmetry. This study aimed to evaluate dental arches by analyzing dental arch asymmetry and form in orthodontic patients with CH in a North Sumatra subpopulation. Methods: This is a retrospective study of suspected CH patient’s clinical records who sought for the initial orthodontic treatment between January 2015 to March 2019. Patient with facial asymmetry (based on photography, posterior cross bite and midline deviation), positive temporomandibular joint disorder in functional analysis, and no history of facial trauma were included in the study. Dental arch asymmetry was based on the measurement of dental midline deviation, canine tip in the dental arch, distance of the upper canines from the palatal suture, and inter canine distance. The evaluation of dental arch was achieved by comparing arch width and length. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) of upper canine distance from the palatal suture in female patients when evaluating upper dental arch asymmetry. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.379) in midline deviation between upper and lower dental arch. The dimension and dental arch form was mid and flat, and there was moderate correlation (r=0.448) between the upper and lower dental arch form in these CH patients. Conclusion: The evaluation of dental arch symmetry and arch form showed asymmetric occlusal characteristics in orthodontics patient with CH in North Sumatera subpopulation. In treating these patients, we recommend the plaster cast evaluation as essential and routine procedure in order to understand the complexity of occlusal change due to active growth of condylar and limitation in radiography evaluation.
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Sofyanti, Ervina, Trelia Boel, Denny Satria, Zuriyah Fionita Ritonga, and Indah Hafniar Hasibuan. "Differences in dental arch characteristics between genders in patients with suspected condylar hyperplasia in a North Sumatra subpopulation: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 9 (June 12, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22780.3.

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Background: Condylar Hyperplasia (CH) is a self-limiting mandibular condyle disorder that shows asymmetry progress in conjunction with associated occlusal changes as long as condylar growth is still active and leads to facial asymmetry. This study aimed to analysis the difference of dental arch characteristics based on genders in orthodontic patients with suspected CH in a North Sumatra subpopulation. Methods: This is a retrospective study of suspected CH patient’s clinical records who sought for the initial orthodontic treatment between January 2015 to March 2019. Patient with facial asymmetry (based on photography, posterior crossbite and midline deviation), the positive temporomandibular joint disorder in functional analysis, and no history of facial trauma were included in the study. Dental arch asymmetry was based on the measurement of dental midline deviation, canine tip in the dental arch, the distance of the upper canines from the palatal suture, and inter canine distance. The evaluation of dental arch was achieved by comparing arch width and length. Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) of upper canine distance from the palatal suture in female patients when evaluating upper dental arch asymmetry. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.379) in midline deviation between upper and lower dental arch. The dimension and dental arch form were mid and flat, and there was moderate correlation (r=0.448) between the upper and lower dental arch form in these suspected CH patients. Conclusion: Indeed skeletal asymmetry, the evaluation of the dental arch characteristic symmetry and arch form showed asymmetric occlusal characteristics in orthodontics patient with suspected CH in the North Sumatera subpopulation. In treating these patients, we recommend the plaster cast evaluation as essential and routine procedure in order to understand the complexity of occlusal change due to active growth of condylar and limitation in radiography evaluation.
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Heck, Katrin, Friederike Litzenburger, Thomas Geitl, and Karl-Heinz Kunzelmann. "Near-infrared reflection at 780 nm for detection of early proximal caries in posterior permanent teeth in vitro." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 50, no. 6 (September 1, 2021): 20210005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20210005.

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Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of near-infrared reflection at 780 nm (NIRR780nm) for early proximal caries detection on the occlusal, buccal and oral surfaces of molars and premolars under simulated, clinically relevant conditions. The findings were validated by micro-computed tomography (µCT). Methods: Bitewing radiography (BWR) was used as a comparative diagnostic method. 250 sound or decayed permanent teeth were examined using NIRR780nm and BWR. The NIRR780nm findings were evaluated using yes/no decisions depending on the presence of caries lesions, as the enamel-dentin junction was not detectable in the majority of samples. All NIRR780nm, BWR and µCT findings were obtained twice by two trained examiners. NIRR780nm images were evaluated both occlusally alone and combined occlusally, lingually and buccally. All findings were presented in a cross-table. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. Reliability assessment was performed using κ statistics. Results: Underestimation of caries was observed for NIRR780nm in 26.0% of all surfaces and for BWR in 32.8% of all surfaces. Overestimation was 10.0% for NIRR780nm and 0.4% for BWR. Trilateral NIRR780nm assessment exhibited an overall accuracy of 67.2 %, an underestimation of 13.6% and an overestimation of 19.2%. Trilateral NIRR780nm exhibited 63.0% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity, while BWR exhibited 26.7% sensitivity but 100% specificity for proximal caries detection. Conclusion: NIRR780nm is not suitable for reliable detection of early proximal caries, even with the application of an ideal setup and optimized in vitro conditions.
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Almeida, Híttalo Carlos Rodrigues de, Maria Cristina Valença de Oliveira, Zilda Betânia Barbosa Medeiros de Farias, Jade de Souza Cavalcante, Bruna Peixoto Nogueira dos Santos, Rebeka Thiara Nascimento dos Santos, Pâmella Recco Álvares, Márcia Maria Fonseca da Silveira, and Ana Paula Veras Sobral. "Clinical and radiographic evaluation of caries depth, root resorption and furcation lesion in primary molars." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): e13610514818. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14818.

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Primary molars with furcation lesions have a negative impact on the child's quality of life. We determined the prevalence of furcation lesions and their influence on the root resorption process in primary molars. It is Cross-sectional study of patients aged 3 to 12 years that was apply a health questionnaire was applied and the teeth were submitted to physical examination using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and periapical radiography. Criteria for radiographic interpretation were established and assessments performed by three different specialists. The kappa coefficient measured interexaminer agreement and level of significance of 5% was adopted for all tests. The sample consisted of 26 patients and 50 primary molars. The second molar received ICDAS score 6 in 38.5% of the sample. The interexaminer agreement was almost perfect between the radiologist and pediatric dentist for caries depth on the mesial (K=0.97) and occlusal surface (K=0.97); In root resorption for mesial (K=0.89) and distal (K=0.93). The detection of furcation lesions was present in 42.3% of the sample; 50% of the teeth had at least 1/3 of the mesial root resorbed and 75% of the distal root and the presence of furcation lesions in primary molars influenced root resorption.
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Kapor, Svetlana, Mila Janjic Rankovic, Yegane Khazaei, Alexander Crispin, Ina Schüler, Felix Krause, Adrian Lussi, et al. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic methods for occlusal surface caries." Clinical Oral Investigations 25, no. 8 (June 14, 2021): 4801–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04024-1.

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Abstract Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BW) and laser fluorescence (LF), in relation to their ability to detect (dentin) caries under clinical and laboratory conditions. Materials and methods A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria using the PIRDS concept (N = 1090). A risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used for quality evaluation. Reports with low/moderate RoB, well-matching thresholds for index and reference tests and appropriate reporting were included in the meta-analysis (N = 37; 29 in vivo/8 in vitro). The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and areas under ROC curves (AUCs) were computed. Results SP ranged from 0.50 (fibre-optic transillumination/caries detection level) to 0.97 (conventional BW/dentine detection level) in vitro. AUCs were typically higher for BW or LF than for VE. The highest AUC of 0.89 was observed for VE at the 1/3 dentin caries detection level; SE (0.70) was registered to be higher than SP (0.47) for VE at the caries detection level in vivo. Conclusion The number of included studies was found to be low. This underlines the need for high-quality caries diagnostic studies that further provide data in relation to multiple caries thresholds. Clinical relevance VE, BW and LF provide acceptable measures for their diagnostic performance on occlusal surfaces, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited data in many categories.
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Krzyżostaniak, Joanna, Anna Surdacka, Tomasz Kulczyk, Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska, and Magdalena Owecka. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Compared with Intraoral Radiography for the Detection of Noncavitated Occlusal Carious Lesions." Caries Research 48, no. 5 (2014): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000358101.

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Thomas, Michael F., David NJ Ricketts, and Ronald F. Wilson. "Occlusal Caries Diagnosis in Molar Teeth from Bitewing and Panoramic Radiographs." Primary Dental Care os8, no. 2 (April 2001): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576101322647908.

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Introduction Previous studies have implied that the panoramic radiograph was inferior to the bitewing radiograph for caries diagnosis. However, these clinical studies lacked a method of validation. The aim of this study was to use an electronic caries meter (ECM II, LODE, Groningen, The Netherlands) to validate occlusal caries diagnosis made from bitewing and panoramic radiographs. Materials and Method Forty-nine Army recruits were examined with the ECM, and had bitewing and panoramic radiographs taken. In total 299 molar occlusal surfaces were available for examination. Seven examiners viewed the bitewing and panoramic radiographs on two separate occasions and assessed each occlusal surface for dentine caries as 1: almost definitely no caries, 2: probably no caries, 3: unsure, 4: caries probably present, and 5: caries almost definitely present. This was repeated on 20% of the radiographs at two further separate sittings. ECM conductance readings greater than 9 were taken to indicate dentine caries. Examiner decisions that caries was probably and definitely considered to be present were taken as positive diagnoses. Results Bitewing and panoramic radiographs provided sensitivity values of 0.25 and 0.19 and specificity values of 0.93 and 0.97 respectively. ROC analysis indicated no statistically significant difference in diagnostic quality between the bitewing and panoramic radiographs. Intra-examiner reproducibility was found to be poor to moderate (Kappa values for bite-wing = 0.31–0.44, panoramic = 0.07–0.54). Conclusion No difference in overall diagnostic performance was found between bitewing and panoramic radiographs for the diagnosis of occlusal dentine caries.
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Megalan Leo, L., and T. Kalpalatha Reddy. "Dental Caries Classification System Using Deep Learning Based Convolutional Neural Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9295.

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In the modern times, Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases of the teeth in the whole world. Almost 90% of the people get affected by cavity. Dental caries is the cavity which occurs due to the remnant food and bacteria. Dental Caries are curable and preventable diseases when it is identified at earlier stage. Dentist uses the radiographic examination in addition with visual tactile inspection to identify the caries. Dentist finds difficult to identify the occlusal, pit and fissure caries. It may lead to sever problem if the cavity left untreated and not identified at the earliest stage. Machine learning can be applied to solve this issue by applying the labelled dataset given by the experienced dentist. In this paper, convolutional based deep learning method is applied to identify the cavity presence in the image. 480 Bite viewing radiography images are collected from the Elsevier standard database. All the input images are resized to 128–128 matrixes. In preprocessing, selective median filter is used to reduce the noise in the image. Pre-processed inputs are given to deep learning model where convolutional neural network with Google Net inception v3 architecture algorithm is implemented. ReLu activation function is used with Google Net to identify the caries that provide the dentists with the precise and optimized results about caries and the area affected. Proposed technique achieves 86.7% accuracy on the testing dataset.
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Foros, Petros, Elissaios Oikonomou, Despina Koletsi, and Christos Rahiotis. "Detection Methods for Early Caries Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Caries Research 55, no. 4 (2021): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516084.

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The aim was to appraise the evidence on the performance of various means for the detection of incipient caries in vivo. Five databases of published and unpublished research were searched for studies from January 2000 to October 2019. Search terms included “early caries” and “caries detection.” Inclusion criteria involved diagnostic test accuracy studies for early caries detection in permanent and primary teeth. A risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the QUADAS-2 tool. We performed the study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment in duplicate. The review protocol was a priori registered in the Open Science Framework. Of the initially 22,964 search results, 51 articles were included. For permanent teeth, when histologic examination was considered as the reference for occlusal surfaces, the sensitivity (Se) range appeared high for the DIAGNOdent Pen (DD Pen) at 0.81–0.89, followed by ICDAS-II at 0.62–1, DIAGNOdent (DD) at 0.48–1, and bitewing radiography (BW) at 0–0.29. The corresponding specificity (Sp) range was: DD Pen 0.71–0.8, ICDAS-II 0.5–0.84, DD 0.54–1, and BW 0.96–1. When operative intervention served as the reference for occlusal surfaces, again, the DD means valued the most promising results on Se: DD 0.7–0.96 and DD Pen 0.55–0.90, followed by ICDAS-II 0.25–0.93, and BW 0–0.83. The Sp range was: DD 0.54–1, DD Pen 0.71–1, ICDAS-II 0.44–1, and BW 0.6–1. For approximal surfaces, the Se was: BW 0.75–0.83, DD Pen 0.6, and ICDAS-II 0.54; the Sp was: BW 0.6–0.9, DD Pen 0.2, and ICDAS-II 1. For primary teeth, under the reference of histologic assessment, the Se range for occlusal surfaces was: DD 0.55–1, DD Pen 0.63–1, ICDAS-II 0.42–1, and BW 0.31–0.96; the respective Sp was: DD 0.5–1, DD Pen 0.44–1, ICDAS-II 0.61–1, and BW 0.79–0.98. For approximal surfaces, the Se range was: DD Pen 0.58–0.63, ICDAS-II 0.42–0.55, and BW 0.14–0.71. The corresponding Sp range was: DD Pen 0.85–0.87, ICDAS-II 0.73–0.93, and BW 0.79–0.98. Se and Sp values varied, due to the heterogeneity regarding the setting of individual studies. Evidently, robust conclusions cannot be drawn, and different diagnostic means should be used as adjuncts to clinical examination. In permanent teeth, visual examination may be enhanced by DD on occlusal surfaces and BW on approximal surfaces. In primary teeth, DD Pen may serve as a supplementary tool across all surfaces.
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Rocha, R. O., T. M. Ardenghi, L. B. Oliveira, C. R. M. D. Rodrigues, and A. L. Ciamponi. "In vivo Effectiveness of Laser Fluorescence Compared to Visual Inspection and Radiography for the Detection of Occlusal Caries in Primary Teeth." Caries Research 37, no. 6 (2003): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073396.

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Almeida, Gustavo Rodrigues, Bruna Danielli Costa Rocha, and Nancy Alfieri Nunes. "Osteosarcoma of jaw: Diagnosis and treatment challengers." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Lins 30, no. 1-2 (December 28, 2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15600/2238-1236/fol.v30n1p123-132.

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Introducion: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor most commonly found in long bones. However, in the oral cavity it mainly affects the ramus and angle of the mandible. Objetive: To present a case of osteolytic osteosarcoma of the mandible and discuss the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. Case Report: A 22-year-old white female patient, non-smoker and non-drinker attended the stomatology service with complaints of increased volume on the right side of the mandible, exhibiting premolar and molar mobility in that area.Periapical and occlusal radiographs were performed and showed presence of radiolucent area and floating teeth, confirmed by a panoramic radiography showing involvement of the mandibular ramus. Two biopsies were performed in the region with inconclusive results for malignancy. The diagnostic hypothesis was osteosarcoma. A CT scan showed bone loss, floating teeth and involvement of areas adjacent to the tumor lesion and lymph nodes. The patient was referred to the oncology hospital and a frozen section biopsy was conclusive for osteosarcoma, with removal of the base and most of the right and left mandible ramus, followed by reconstruction with titanium plate. The tumor recurred and a new surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed in an attempt to improve the clinical condition, with failure and death after four years of initial diagnosis and tumor mutation for rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusion: Imaging and even histopathological outpatient exams were not able to promote the final diagnosis of osteosarcoma, impairing treatment and favoring recurrence and patient death. Key words: Osteosarcoma. Bone tumor. Diagnostic imaging.
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Oliver, R. G., and N. Lardeau-Randall. "An ‘Invisible’ Supernumerary Tooth." British Journal of Orthodontics 15, no. 1 (February 1988): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.15.1.23.

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A case is reported of an unerupted maxillary supernumerary tooth, apparently undergoing resorption, which was not visible on extra-oral radiographs, but was clearly visible on an intra-oral occlusal radiograph.
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Wolwacz, Victor Ferrás, Ana Chapper, Adair Luiz Stefanello Busato, and Alcebíades Nunes Barbosa. "Correlation between visual and radiographic examinations of non-cavitated occlusal caries lesions: an in vivo study." Brazilian Oral Research 18, no. 2 (June 2004): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000200010.

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The aim of this study was to conduct an in vivo investigation of the correlation between the visual and radiographic scoring systems by Ekstrand et al.7 (1997) for the diagnosis of occlusal caries lesions. The study sample comprised 147 occlusal sites from 23 patients. Two trained and experienced examiners performed the clinical visual examinations. A third examiner, which was also trained, experienced and blind to the results of the visual clinical examination, performed the analysis of the bitewing radiographs. The correlation between visual and radiographic scores was assessed by Goodman & Kruskal's gamma correlation coefficient. Results showed a strong correlation between the scores for occlusal caries found in the visual and radiographic diagnosis systems used in this study.
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Poornima R, Kannan N, R Krishnaraj, R Kamal Kanthan, and M Deivanayagi. "Radiographic Assessment of Impacted Canine: A Systematic Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 1, no. 10 (January 10, 2018): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/01_10/135.

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Dental professionals face a lot of challenges in treatment of impacted canine due its position. Localisation of impacted canine in diagnosis and treatment is important. There are various radiographic methods in localization of impacted canine. In this article, different radiographic methods in the diagnosis of impacted canine. The use of periapical radiograph, panoramic radiograph, occlusal radiograph, CT scan, and CBCT have been reviewed using various literature. CBCT gives an accurate dimension and position of impacted canine.
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49

Carvalho, Joana Christina, Heliana D. Mestrinho, Alain Guillet, and Marisa Maltz. "Radiographic Yield for Clinical Caries Diagnosis in Young Adults: Indicators for Radiographic Examination." Caries Research 54, no. 2 (2020): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505905.

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This prospective cohort study investigated the distribution pattern of carious lesions diagnosed by visual tactile and radiographic examinations, assessed the radiographic yield for clinical caries diagnosis, and estimated how accurately commonly used indicators for caries identified young adults who would benefit from radiographs at different thresholds. Overall, 576 patients aged 16–32 years seeking a first consultation were included. Patients were examined for caries and answered a validated questionnaire on sociodemographics and oral health behavior. Almost 10% of clinically sound approximal surfaces presented radiolucency in enamel/dentine. Of the clinically diagnosed noncavitated approximal and occlusal lesions, 22.5 and 17.7%, respectively, presented radiolucency reaching dentine at the radiographic examination. Noncavitated/enamel lesions detected radiographically were mainly at approximal surfaces (73.2%), while at occlusal surfaces these were negligible (0.7%). More than half of approximal dentine lesions were only detected radiographically (61.3%), while more than half of occlusal dentine lesions were only clinically diagnosed (57.1%). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that patient’s caries activity, D1MFS scores ≥17, and frequent consumption of soft drinks were significantly associated with detection of approximal enamel/dentine lesions. Also, patient’s caries activity and frequent consumption of soft drinks were significantly associated with occlusal dentine caries (p ≤ 0.05). The indicator power of grouping these indicators as a predictor for the presence of radiographically detected lesions showed high sensitivity (0.84–0.91) and moderate specificity (0.64–0.73) for all surfaces and thresholds tested. In conclusion, radiographs increased significantly the number of approximal enamel/dentine and occlusal dentine lesions diagnosed. The ability to identify young adults with approximal lesions from the predictor was satisfactory. Bearing in mind that an essential contribution of bitewing radiographs to clinical examination is the detection of approximal noncavitated/enamel lesions that can be inactivated by nonoperative interventions, our results support the prescription of radiographs in young adults seeking a first consultation. Updating of current guidelines’ recommendation of radiographs is warranted.
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50

Sheikh, Soheyl, AnilKumar Bhoweer, Smriti Arya, and Gagandeep Arora. "Evaluation of surface radiation dose to the thyroid gland and the gonads during routine full-mouth intraoral periapical and maxillary occlusal radiography." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 1, no. 2 (2010): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.68597.

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