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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupant mechanics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Alajlouni, Sa’ed, and Pablo Tarazaga. "A passive energy-based method for footstep impact localization, using an underfloor accelerometer sensor network with Kalman filtering." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 11-12 (2020): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319890520.

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An underfloor accelerometer sensor network can be used to track occupants in an indoor environment using measurements of floor vibration induced by occupant footsteps. To achieve occupant tracking, each footstep impact location must first be estimated. This paper proposes a new energy-based algorithm for footstep impact localization. Compared to existing energy-based algorithms, the new algorithm achieves higher localization accuracy and removes a previously required calibration step (removal of the need to estimate floor-dependent parameters). Furthermore, the algorithm uses a much smaller da

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2

Ebrahimpour, A., and R. L. Sack. "Modeling Dynamic Occupant Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 115, no. 6 (1989): 1476–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1989)115:6(1476).

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3

Ma, D., and H. M. Lankarani. "A Multibody/Finite Element Analysis Approach for Modeling of Crash Dynamic Responses." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 3 (1997): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826359.

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Computer models of the human body are robust tools for gaining insight into the gross motion of ground vehicle or aircraft occupants and evaluating the loads and, deformations of their critical parts. The knowledge of occupant responses will help in the determination of the type and probable causes of injuries that may he sustained during a crash. An important aspect in crash analysis is how the large motion of the relatively rigid segments of an occupant, such as the limbs, and the small deformations of flexible segments, such as the spine column, are interrelated. To this end, a general meth

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4

Kim, Yeonghun, Yunchan Shin, and Honghyun Cho. "Influencing factors on thermal comfort and biosignals of occupant-a review." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (2021): 4201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0832-5.

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5

Wang, Xingye, Yanjun Li, Yuyuan Cao, Xudong Li, Shixuan Duan, and Zejian Zhao. "Research on Optimization Design of Key Energy-Absorbing Structure of a Helicopter Seat Based on Human–Seat Coupling System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (2022): 8858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178858.

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During the process of emergency landing, the energy of the impact in the vertical direction is dissipated through the deformation of the structure. The landing load is transferred to the spine of the occupant through the landing gear, the fuselage and finally the seat. This can cause serious damage to the human body. Since the seat is in direct contact with the human body, the energy absorption capacity of the seat is the most direct manifestation of the Crashworthiness of the helicopter. The solutions proposed in the paper may reduce the impact of the seat on the spine of the occupant during

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Rahman, Haolia, Agus Sukandi, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Arnas Arnas, and Remon Lapisa. "Mechanical Ventilation Control Based on Estimated occupancy using a Carbon Dioxide Sensor." TEKNIK 41, no. 3 (2020): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v41i3.33416.

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Ventilation is an important aspect to maintain good indoor air quality in a building. However, excessive ventilation causing high energy consumption of the HVAC system. The ASHRAE Standard provides a guideline to set the ventilation rate that depends on the occupants' number and space. Thus, quantification of the number of occupants is required to regulate the ventilation rate. In this study, the estimated number of occupants was estimated using a Bayesian MCMC method based on CO2 levels. The mass balance equation of the CO2 is used as a model for the calculation of Bayesian MCMC. The Bayesian

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Alphin, Masilamany Santha, Krishnaswamy Sankaranarayanasamy, and Suthangathan Paramashivan Sivapirakasam. "Segmental vibration transmissibility of seated occupant from lumped parameter models." Journal of Vibration and Control 18, no. 11 (2011): 1683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546311423065.

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One of the important parameters for the comfort of a seated occupant of a vehicle is the dynamic parameter. The effects of vibration depend on biomechanical characteristics, transmissibility (TR) and apparent mass. The range of input vibration at the seat and TR at the driving frequency will decide the magnitude of the displacement at any point of the human occupant. The most preferred form of biomechanical model for unidirectional whole body vibration is the lumped parameter model. Lumped parameter models are formulated by number of masses depending on the number of degrees-of-freedom (d.f.).

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Mirshekari, Mostafa, Jonathon Fagert, Shijia Pan, Pei Zhang, and Hae Young Noh. "Step-Level Occupant Detection across Different Structures through Footstep-Induced Floor Vibration Using Model Transfer." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 146, no. 3 (2020): 04019137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001719.

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9

Pratomo, Arief Nur, Sigit Puji Santosa, Leonardo Gunawan, and Ichsan Setya Putra. "Countermeasures design and analysis for occupant survivability of an armored vehicle subjected to blast load." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34, no. 5 (2020): 1893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0411-1.

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10

Lee, Young-Shin, Jung-Hyun Lee, Kyu-Hyun Han, Ki-Du Lee, and Chul-Ho Lim. "A study on the modeling and analysis of a helicopter’s occupant seat belt for crashworthiness." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23, no. 4 (2009): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-009-0334-3.

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11

Chen, Jun, Ruotian Xu, and Mengshi Zhang. "Acceleration response spectrum for predicting floor vibration due to occupant walking." Journal of Sound and Vibration 333, no. 15 (2014): 3564–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2014.03.023.

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12

RAKHEJA, S., I. HARU, and P. É. BOILEAU. "SEATED OCCUPANT APPARENT MASS CHARACTERISTICS UNDER AUTOMOTIVE POSTURES AND VERTICAL VIBRATION." Journal of Sound and Vibration 253, no. 1 (2002): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2001.4249.

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13

Bernardini, Enrica, Seymour M. J. Spence, Dae-Kun Kwon, and Ahsan Kareem. "Performance-Based Design of High-Rise Buildings for Occupant Comfort." Journal of Structural Engineering 141, no. 10 (2015): 04014244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001223.

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14

Guanquan, Chu, and Sun Jinhua. "The Effect of Pre-movement Time and Occupant Density on Evacuation Time." Journal of Fire Sciences 24, no. 3 (2006): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904106058249.

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15

Chirwa, E. C., and Wei Wang. "Mechanics of a mechanically triggered airbag head restraint system for occupant protection in rear end impact." International Journal of Crashworthiness 2, no. 2 (1997): 165–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/cras.1997.0042.

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16

Lee, Jooyoung, Jihye Byun, Jaedeok Lim, and Jaeyun Lee. "A Framework for Detecting Vehicle Occupancy Based on the Occupant Labeling Method." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870211.

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High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes or congestion toll discount policies are in place to encourage multipassenger vehicles. However, vehicle occupancy detection, essential for implementing such policies, is based on a labor-intensive manual method. To solve this problem, several studies and some companies have tried to develop an automated detection system. Due to the difficulties of the image treatment process, those systems had limitations. This study overcomes these limits and proposes an overall framework for an algorithm that effectively detects occupants in vehicles using photographic dat

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17

Burzyński, Stanisław, Jacek Chróścielewski, and Łukasz Pachocki. "Finite element method simulations of various cases of crash tests with N2/W4/A steel road barrier." MATEC Web of Conferences 231 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823101005.

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The subject of this study is performance of N2/W4/A steel road safety barrier investigated in numerical simulations. System was checked under several types of initial conditions, which were assumed basing on the TB11 and TB32 normative crash tests. The main goal of present study is to investigate the relationship between initial conditions (angle and velocity) of the impact and the severity indices (associated to the vehicle occupant) during the collision. Obtained performance parameters and impact severity indexes may be considered reasonable. Results of the simulations facilitates the deep i

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18

Lee, Joonhee, Roderick Mackenzie, Vincent Le Men, François Gariépy, and Farideh Zarei. "The effect of sound masking on employees' acoustic comfort and performance in open-plan offices in Canada." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (2021): 5678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3215.

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Sound masking systems are commonly used in open-plan offices to generate a controlled minimum level of background sound, in order to decrease the signal-to-noise ratio of intrusive speech and blend out transient office noise. However, a question in the acoustical design of offices is whether the self-generated noise of occupants may alone be sufficient to provide the background sound level conditions necessary to achieve similar levels of speech privacy and acoustic comfort as sound masking systems. This study examines the relationship between occupant-perceived speech privacy and acoustic com

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19

Liu, Xuebo, Yingying Wu, Haifeng Zhang, and Hongyu Wu. "Hourly occupant clothing decisions in residential HVAC energy management." Journal of Building Engineering 40 (August 2021): 102708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102708.

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20

Hassan, Mohamed T. Z., Mo Gabriel Shi, and S. A. Meguid. "Nonlinear multibody dynamics and finite element modeling of occupant response: part I—rear vehicle collision." International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design 15, no. 1 (2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10999-019-09449-x.

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21

XIANG, Zhongke, and Feifei XIANG. "Multi-Parameter and Multi-Objective Optimization of Occupant Restraint System in Frontal Collision." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 28, no. 4 (2023): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/wujns/2023284324.

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To solve the constraints of multi-objective optimization of the driver system and high nonlinear problems, according to the relevant dimensions of a car, we build a simulation model with Hybrid III 50th dummy driver constraint system. The comparison of the driver mechanics index of the experimental data with the simulation data in the frontal crash shows that the accuracy of simulation model meets the requirements. The optimal Latin test design is adopted, and the global sensitivity analysis of the design parameters is carried out based on the Kriging model. The four most sensitive parameters

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22

Mothiram Patil, K. "Tractor-occupant vibration response and its minimization by a new seat suspension." Mechanics Research Communications 15, no. 6 (1988): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-6413(88)90042-0.

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23

Ruhr, Hilko, Jan Niklas Lemke, and Alexander Piskun. "Insassenbasierte Konzeptauslegung für Fahrzeuge in Catia V5/Occupant-Based Vehicle Design in Catia V5." Konstruktion 68, no. 04 (2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0720-5953-2016-04-83.

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Inhalt: In der modernen Fahrzeugentwicklung ist die Konzeption der Fahrzeuge von innen nach außen eine häufig formulierte Anforderung. Tatsächlich werden früh im Entstehungsprozess hochkomplexe digitale Ergonomiewerkzeuge eingesetzt, um einen möglichst großen Teil der ergonomischen Auslegung abzusichern und die Anzahl der, monetär und zeitlich aufwendigen, physischen Erprobungen gering zu halten. Durch die immer kürzer werdenden Entwicklungszeiten und die steigende Modellanzahl besteht in der Automobilindustrie darüber hinaus der Bedarf, Prozesse zu standardisieren und zu verschlanken. Die vor

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24

Rakheja, S., I. Stiharu, H. Zhang, and P. É. Boileau. "Seated occupant interactions with seat backrest and pan, and biodynamic responses under vertical vibration." Journal of Sound and Vibration 298, no. 3 (2006): 651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.06.025.

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25

Umale, Sagar, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, and Mike W. J. Arun. "Factors influencing the effectiveness of occupant retention under far-side impacts: A parametric study." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 84 (August 2018): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.021.

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26

Lizhong, Yang, Fang Weifeng, and Fan Weicheng. "Modeling Occupant Evacuation Using Cellular Automata - Effect of Human Behavior and Building Characteristics on Evacuation." Journal of Fire Sciences 21, no. 3 (2003): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904103021003004.

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27

Pelenyte-Vyšniauskiene, Lina, and Algirdas Jurkauskas. "RESEARCH INTO OCCUPANT'S MOTION IN VEHICLES DURING CRASHES." TRANSPORT 19, no. 4 (2004): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2004.9637974.

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Traffic accidents depend on many factors and circumstances. Important data are registered by taking photos of the accident place, measuring the deformations of vehicles and skidding and sliding traces. Weather conditions, drivers’ and pedestrian's actions are also taken into account. However the existing data are far from sufficient to conduct a research into traffic accidents. In such cases mathematical modelling and the application of computer programs are very helpful. This article deals with the processes during the collision of vehicles as well as the occupant's dynamics inside the vehicl

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28

Shi, Mo Gabriel, Mohamed T. Z. Hassan, and S. A. Meguid. "Nonlinear multibody dynamics and finite element modeling of occupant response: part II—frontal and lateral vehicle collisions." International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design 15, no. 1 (2019): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10999-019-09450-4.

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29

Nasir, Irfan, Husnain Haider, Md Shafiquzzaman, Majed Alinizzi, Guangji Hu, and Abdul Razzaq Ghumman. "Investigating the Effects of Occupancy and Natural Ventilation on the Indoor Air Quality of Dormitories in Cold Regions." Buildings 15, no. 6 (2025): 896. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15060896.

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Indoor air quality (IAQ) in higher education institutions’ dormitories, without mechanical ventilation, is a significant concern for students’ health due to prolonged occupancy in cold regions. The present investigation assessed IAQ by measuring two dormitories’ CO2, temperature, and relative humidity with the presence of one, two, three, and four occupants in the United Kingdom. Considering the possibility of natural ventilation by opening the windows in the summer, IAQ was monitored using two sensors located at 1 m and 2 m heights from the floor level of the dormitories in July. The tracer m

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30

Hong, U. P., and G. J. Park. "Determination of the crash pulse and optimization of the crash components using the response surface approximate optimization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 3 (2003): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070360550408.

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Computational occupant analysis has been performed with a pre-determined crash pulse which is produced from a real test. The involved crash components are designed on the basis of the results of the analysis. This method has limitations in that the design does not have much freedom. However, if a good crash pulse is proposed, the occupant's injuries can be reduced more effciently and the body structure can be modified to generate the crash pulse. A good crash pulse is a deceleration curve that minimizes injuries to unrestrained occupants. In this research, a preferable crash pulse is generated

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31

Yang, Yang, William W. Liou, James Sheng, David Gorsich, and Sudhakar Arepally. "Shock wave impact simulation of a vehicle occupant using fluid/structure/dynamics interactions." International Journal of Impact Engineering 52 (February 2013): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.09.002.

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32

Tuniki, Himanshu Patel, Andrius Jurelionis, and Paris Fokaides. "A review on the approaches in analysing energy-related occupant behaviour research." Journal of Building Engineering 40 (August 2021): 102630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102630.

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33

Wu, Jun, and Yi Qiu. "Modeling and analysis of a train seat with occupant exposed to combined lateral, vertical and roll vibration." Journal of Sound and Vibration 496 (March 2021): 115920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2020.115920.

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34

Emadi, M., H. Beheshti, and M. Heidari-Rarani. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Hybrid Aluminum–Composite Tube Under Axial Crushing." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 04 (2020): 2050042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500428.

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Since lightweight and energy-absorbing materials have an effective role in occupant safety during accidents, the use of hybrid aluminum–composite tubes and their optimum designs are of great importance in the crashworthiness. In this study, finite element simulation and multi-objective optimization of a hybrid aluminum–composite tube are performed under axial crushing to investigate the effect of metal volume fraction (MVF) on the objective functions, the specific energy absorption and the peak force. Besides, the effects of annealing and tempering of ductile aluminum alloys (Al-6061) as the b

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Wang, Zixiao, and Agathoklis Giaralis. "A Novel Integrated Optimization-Driven Design Framework for Minimum-Weight Lateral-Load Resisting Systems in Wind-Sensitive Buildings Equipped with Dynamic Vibration Absorbers." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 2023 (February 24, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3754773.

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The increasing rate of urbanization in recent decades has resulted in a global surge in the construction of slender high-rise buildings. These structures are prone to excessive wind-induced lateral vibrations in the crosswind direction owing to vortex shedding effects, causing occupant discomfort and, ultimately, dynamic serviceability failure. To reconcile the worldwide accelerated trend in constructing tall buildings with the sustainable building sector agenda, this paper proposes a novel bi-objective integrated design framework that leverages dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) to minimize t

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Duhirwe, Patrick Nzivugira, Jack Ngarambe, and Geun Young Yun. "Geographically extended occupant clothing behavior model using convolutional neural networks with hyperband technique." Journal of Building Engineering 49 (May 2022): 104023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104023.

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37

Mihai, Clinciu, and Ciunel Stefanita. "Corroboration of the data obtained by virtual methods with the real ones in the study of road accidents." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1220, no. 1 (2022): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1220/1/012054.

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Abstract Even though the frontal collisions occur in a much larger percentage than the lateral collisions, the lateral collisions consequences can be much more serious than the frontal collisions. This paper is meant to be a study on the importance of crush energy, which determines the mechanism that produces the severity of injuries. Using Newton laws of mechanics, we can discuss about the conservation of energy and linear momentum law which determine the impact force, speed and deformation. After, we compared the obtained data from the laboratory virtual crash tests with the determined value

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38

Ramli, Roslim, Ai Bao Chai, Shamsul Kamaruddin, Jee Hou Ho, and Davide S. A. De Focatiis. "Development of Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex Foam for Seat Cushions." Key Engineering Materials 962 (October 12, 2023): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-hwlt4p.

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In the transportation industry, seat cushions are crucial since they are directly responsible for the comfort and safety of the occupant. In this study, recently developed deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex foam is used to make seat cushions for the first time through the Dunlop batch foaming process. A CONFORMat™ pressure sensor system and a mannequin were used to investigate the pressure-relief performance of seat cushions made from DPNR latex foam. Flexible polyurethane (PU) and memory foam (PM) were used as a comparison. The study found that DPNR latex foam has a lower peak pressure

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Uchikune, Masashi. "The Evaluation of Horizontal Whole-Body Vibration in the Low Frequency Range." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 21, no. 1 (2002): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/02630920260374961.

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International Standard ISO 2631 gives the reaction to horizontal vibration for the occupant of a building, a public transport system, the oscillations of the ocean and so on. These effects have not yet been evaluated by physiological methods as the criterion curves in the Standard are based on psychological evaluations of comfort and discomfort, rather than physiological investigations. Physiological and psychological effects of low frequency horizontal vibration on the whole-body were as follows: Changes in the autonomic nervous system were observed, in which the system tended to change from

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Testi, Andrei, Marcio Abud Marcelino, Francisco Antonio Lotufo, and Teófilo Miguel de Souza. "Initial study of an alternative technology aimed at measuring and controlling the flow rate in air conditioning ducts." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 8 (2021): 168781402110346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211034609.

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This paper states that there might have around 1000 small size business jets (until nine occupants) flying across the world equipped with flow control and regulating shut-off valves that uses hot wire anemometer devices to regulate massflow rate from the bleed airflow to supply the air-conditioning and pressurization systems. However, these valves present low reliability in the field. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implications of a flow control and regulating shut-off valve with a non-intrusive airflow measurer device under the perspective of fluid mechanics. The Venturi technol

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Belazi, Walid, Salah-Eddine Ouldboukhitine, Alaa Chateauneuf, and Abdelhamid Bouchair. "Uncertainty analysis of occupant behavior and building envelope materials in office building performance simulation." Journal of Building Engineering 19 (September 2018): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.06.005.

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Kauce, Rūta, Elizabete Veignere, Vita Konopecka, et al. "Changes in Concentration of Carbon Dioxide and Temperature in University Classrooms." Baltic Journal of CLINICAL MEDICINE and RESEARCH, no. 01 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/rsu-bjcmr.2024.01.001-008.

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This study aims to observe variations in temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentrations in university classrooms without mechanical ventilation throughout the day. Over three days, two classrooms in Riga Stradiņš University, equipped solely with natural ventilation, were evaluated for variations in indoor air quality. Observations were recorded using the Aranet4 sensor during actual study sessions with varying numbers of occupants, and ventilation periods marked by window operations. The recorded parameters were compared with established indoor air quality guidelines. The re

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Ashoori, Mahdi, Ghanbarali Sheikhzadeh, and Soroush Sadripour. "The effects of using ceiling fans on human thermal comfort in a three-dimensional room with centralized heating including an occupant." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 10 (2019): 3976–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-05-2018-0200.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of using a ceiling fan with central heating system in the winter on thermal comfort and heat transfer rate in a three-dimensional numerically. Design/methodology/approach The geometry had certain dimensions, and an occupant was modeled to be in the room. In models which were used, the flow was turbulent, and turbulence models were used for simulating turbulence. Between all the models, k-ε model had best matching. Findings Results show that using the ceiling fan during the winter had an efficient and considerable effect on improving th

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Kürüm Varolgüneş, Fatma. "Evaluation of vernacular and new housing indoor comfort conditions in cold climate – a field survey in eastern Turkey." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 2 (2019): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-02-2019-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare vernacular and new houses in terms of indoor occupant satisfaction and thermal and visual comfort in a region with cold climatic conditions. In line with the data obtained, the contribution of passive design techniques to comfort in housing indoor will be revealed. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the comfort conditions to be provided in a residence were determined and evaluated in Bingol with the help of questionnaires applied on vernacular and new houses. The information gathered from the occupants and the survey study was mainly desi

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Niu, Baolian, Dan Li, Haowei Yu, et al. "Investigation of occupant window opening behaviour during the summer period in a Beijing maternity hospital." Journal of Building Engineering 45 (January 2022): 103441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103441.

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46

Kim, Amy A., Shuoqi Wang, and Lindsay J. McCunn. "Building value proposition for interactive lighting systems in the workplace: Combining energy and occupant perspectives." Journal of Building Engineering 24 (July 2019): 100752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100752.

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47

Zhang, Chengyu, Liangdong Ma, Xing Han, and Tianyi Zhao. "Improving building energy consumption prediction using occupant-building interaction inputs and improved swarm intelligent algorithms." Journal of Building Engineering 73 (August 2023): 106671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106671.

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48

Keli, Athanasia, Arsen K. Melikov, Mariya P. Bivolarova, and Panu Mustakallio. "Impact of room airflow interaction on metabolic CO2 exposure." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102005.

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CFD simulations were performed to investigate occupants’ exposure to metabolic CO2 in a room with mechanical ventilation. A meeting room occupied by six adult people performing sedentary activity was simulated. Five of the six occupants were simulated to exhale air with realistic CO2 content, while one occupant was inhaling, i.e. the exposed occupant. Both exhalation and inhalation were simulated with constant flow rates. Two air distribution patterns were considered, mixing and displacement air distribution, each was combined with chilled ceiling, as summer conditions were simulated. For both

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Seong, Dahae, Mark H. Weir, and Shamia Hoque. "Determination of the trend and spatial distribution of microbial levels based on space and occupant characteristics." Journal of Building Engineering 89 (July 2024): 109240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109240.

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Spielberg, Frank, and Phillip Shapiro. "Mating Habits of Slugs: Dynamic Carpool Formation in the I-95/I-395 Corridor of Northern Virginia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1711, no. 1 (2000): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1711-05.

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Abstract:

The availability in the Shirley Highway corridor in Northern Virginia of an uncongested high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane restricted to vehicles carrying three or more persons has led to the development of significant dynamic ridesharing activity. Each day, drivers of vehicles carrying too few occupants to qualify for HOV lane use (known as “bodysnatchers”) stop at informally established but well-known locations to seek additional passengers (known as “slugs”). As part of a study whose purpose was to quantify the likely effects of changing the HOV lane eligibility rule from three or more perso

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