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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupation by proxy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Brünger, Martin, Sebastian Bernert, and Karla Spyra. "Occupation as a Proxy for Job Exposures? Routine Data Analysis Using the Example of Rehabilitation." Das Gesundheitswesen 82, S 01 (2019): S41—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0965-6777.

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Abstract Aim of the study Job exposures are associated with health-related outcomes including sick leave and reduction in earning capacity. Rehabilitation of persons in working age aims primarily to secure or restore work capacity. Information concerning job exposures is, however, not directly available in routine data of healthcare payers. Since exposures relate to specific occupations and the current occupation is part of routine data, job exposures may be determined indirectly via job-exposure matrices (JEM). The aim of the study is to describe the possibilities and challenges of the repres

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2

Gilder, Alexander. "Bringing Occupation into the 21st Century: The effective implementation of occupation by proxy." Utrecht Law Review 13, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ulr.355.

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De Cat, Cécile. "Socioeconomic status as a proxy for input quality in bilingual children?" Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 2 (2021): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271642000079x.

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AbstractThis study investigates the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as a proxy for input quality, in predicting language proficiency. Different operationalizations of SES are compared, including simple measures (parental education and parental occupation) and complex measures combining two dimensions (among parental education, parental occupation, and deprivation risk). All significantly predict overall English proficiency scores in a diverse group of 5- to 7-year-olds acquiring English and another language. The most informative SES measure in that respect is shown to be a complex measure

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Ferraro, Tristan. "Determining the beginning and end of an occupation under international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 885 (2012): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311200063x.

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AbstractInternational humanitarian law (IHL) does not provide a precise definition of the notion of occupation, nor does it propose clear-cut standards for determining when an occupation starts and when its ends. This article analyses in detail the notion of occupation under IHL and its constitutive elements, and sets out a legal test for identifying when a situation qualifies as an occupation for the purposes of IHL. It concludes by suggesting an adjustment of the legal test to the specific characteristics of occupation by proxy and occupation by multinational forces.

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Chinnappa, Amy Elizabeth. "The United States and the Coalition Provisional Authority – occupation by proxy?" Leiden Journal of International Law 32, no. 3 (2019): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156519000219.

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AbstractThe Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) governed Iraq from 2003 following Resolution 1483 of the UN Security Council. This Resolution affirmed that Iraq was in a state of occupation and that there were occupying powers. The Resolution referred to the United States of America and the United Kingdom as ‘occupying powers under the unified command of the “Authority”’, the ‘Authority’ being the CPA. However, the legal status of the CPA and its relationship to the US (the focus of this article) is not entirely clear, both under US domestic law and international law. This lack of clarity co

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Goldman, Noreen, Anne R. Pebley, Keunbok Lee, Theresa Andrasfay, and Boriana Pratt. "Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256085.

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Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these issues by describing racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors. Most importantl

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Levy Abitbol, Jacob, Eric Fleury, and Márton Karsai. "Optimal Proxy Selection for Socioeconomic Status Inference on Twitter." Complexity 2019 (May 19, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6059673.

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Individual socioeconomic status inference from online traces is a remarkably difficult task. While current methods commonly train predictive models on incomplete data by appending socioeconomic information of residential areas or professional occupation profiles, little attention has been paid to how well this information serves as a proxy for the individual demographic trait of interest when fed to a learning model. Here we address this question by proposing three different data collection and combination methods to first estimate and, in turn, infer the socioeconomic status of French Twitter

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8

Steinfeld, Joshua M., Eric Prier, and Clifford McCue. "Public procurement and the BLS: operationalizing occupational duties." International Journal of Public Sector Management 28, no. 7 (2015): 510–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-12-2014-0150.

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Purpose – Procurement is a specific, yet dynamic area of work and study that is recognized as an occupation by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, there is growing literature that substantiates differences in theory and practice, between procurement practitioners in the private and public sectors. The purpose of this paper is to validate the procurement occupational duties identified by the BLS with actual job activities performed and managed by public sector practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a survey of public sector practitioners to obtain infor

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9

А., С. Размєтаєв. "«ЕФЕКТИВНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ» ЯК БАЗОВИЙ КОНЦЕПТ СУЧАСНОГО ДИСКУРСУ ОКУПАЦІЙНИХ РЕЖИМІВ: ПОЛІТИКО-ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ ВИМІР". Сучасне суспільство: політичні науки, соціологічні науки, культурологічні науки 1, № 15 (2018): 142–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1402748.

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<em>It was reviewed the concept of the «</em><em>effective control»</em><em> in context of neo-institutional theory and practice of the European Court of Human Rights, through which the occupant manages the occupied territories. It was realized the comparative analysis of the three occupation regimes cases operating at the territories of North Cyprus, Transnistria and Nagorno-Karabakh. It was described the features of the effective control of occupant in classical military occupations and in occupations by proxy. It was considered the specificity of the occupation facts determinati

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Tijdens, Kea, Miroslav Beblavý, and Anna Thum-Thysen. "Skill mismatch comparing educational requirements vs attainments by occupation." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 8 (2018): 996–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-10-2018-0328.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to overcome the problems that skill mismatch cannot be measured directly and that demand side data are lacking. It relates demand and supply side characteristics by aggregating data from jobs ads and jobholders into occupations. For these occupations skill mismatch is investigated by focussing on demand and supply ratios, attained vis-à-vis required skills and vacancies’ skill requirements in relation to the demand-supply ratios. Design/methodology/approach Vacancy data from the EURES job portal and jobholder data from WageIndicator web-survey were aggregat

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11

Schoeman, Maria H., Byron Aub, John Burrows, Grant Hall та Stephan Woodborne. "Past Climatic Conditions for Bokoni at Buffelskloof, Mpumalanga, Using δ13C Analysis of Prunus africana and Pittosporum viridiflorum Tree Rings". Journal of African Archaeology 17, № 2 (2019): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20190015.

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Abstract Terrace farming flourished in Bokoni from the sixteenth century CE onwards. Bokoni farmers’ resilience strategies, however, were severely tested during the third occupation phase (approx. 1780 to 1840 CE), when the mfecane destabilised the region. In order to reflect on the environmental conditions Bokoni farmers faced in this period the stable carbon isotope proxy rainfall records from Prunus africana and Pittosporum viridiflorum specimens that grew on the Buffelskloof site were studied. Because the Buffelskloof records postdate the occupation, the records are compared with a 1000-ye

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Opdebeeck, Carol, Catherine Quinn, Sharon M. Nelis, and Linda Clare. "Does cognitive reserve moderate the association between mood and cognition? A systematic review." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 25, no. 3 (2015): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259815000155.

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SummaryThe evidence regarding the association between mood and cognitive function is conflicting, suggesting the involvement of moderating factors. This systematic review aimed to assess whether cognitive reserve moderates the association between mood and cognition in older people. Cognitive reserve was considered in terms of the three key proxy measures – educational level, occupation, and engagement in cognitively stimulating leisure activities – individually and in combination. Sixteen studies representing 37,101 participants were included in the review. Of these, 13 used a measure of educa

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Hall, Grant, Lyn Wadley, and Stephan Woodborne. "Past Environmental Proxies from the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Journal of African Archaeology 12, no. 1 (2014): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10246.

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Middle Stone Age technological and behavioural developments in southern Africa are central to understanding the emergence of modern humans, and elucidating the role of environmental change in this trajectory is dependent on emerging palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Climate proxies from Middle Stone Age sites are often poorly preserved, coarsely resolved or subject to anthropogenic selection and are not considered in favour of global environmental proxies despite the fact that the modern climate regimes at the relevant archaeological sites differ profoundly. Sibudu has a well-preserved Middle St

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Nelson, Monica, Ross Andel, Julie Martinkova, Kateřina Čechová, Hana Marková, and Jakub Hort. "Moderating Effect of Cognitive Reserve on Brain Integrity and Cognitive Performance." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.912.

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Abstract Dementia is arguably the most devastating condition of older adulthood with treatment options still elusive. Alzheimer’s is the most prevalent form of dementia where cognitive deficits relate strongly to underlying brain pathology. However, there exist cases in which cognitive performance does not match the corresponding level of neuropathology. Attempts to explain this phenomenon often include the concept of cognitive reserve (CR), whereby greater CR (e.g., more education or higher occupational position) presumably results in less impairment relative to the extent of pathology early

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15

Ware, Jordan K. "Property Value as a Proxy of Socioeconomic Status in Education." Education and Urban Society 51, no. 1 (2017): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124517714850.

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The effects of poverty on important outcome measures are devastating and well documented, but the conceptualization and operationalization of socioeconomic status (SES) are underdeveloped. Various indicators of SES are useful for different purposes. Free or reduced-price lunch (FRL) status is commonly used because of its convenience and predictive strength, but it has many limitations. This study explored property value as a convenient alternative or complement to FRL status. The conceptual alignment of property value with SES was compared with that of traditional indicators like parent income

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Cosac, Marian, George Murătoreanu, Daniel Veres, et al. "Multi-proxy archaeological investigations of a Middle Palaeolithic occupation context in Eastern Transylvania, Romania." Quaternary International 485 (August 2018): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.09.014.

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Gal, T. "Unexplored Outcomes of Tadi : Applicability of the Law of Occupation to War by Proxy." Journal of International Criminal Justice 12, no. 1 (2014): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqt076.

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18

Lain, Jonathan. "Job Flexibility and Occupational Selection in Ghana: An Application of Maximum Simulated Likelihood†." Journal of African Economies 28, no. 5 (2019): 479–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejz006.

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Abstract In many African labour markets, the vast majority of self-employed workers are female. It is often hypothesised that self-employment enables workers to balance income-generation with caring for children and other domestic tasks and, since responsibility for these activities is divided unequally in the household, this effect is stronger for women than men. However, testing whether ‘job flexibility’ matters is difficult because variables that proxy for domestic obligations—such as the number of dependents in the household—may be endogenous to occupational choice. In this paper, we build

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19

Mendes Cardoso, Jessica, Fabiana Merencio, Ximena Villagran, et al. "Late shellmound occupation in southern Brazil: A multi-proxy study of the Galheta IV archaeological site." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0300684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300684.

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Brazilian coastal archaeology is renowned for its numerous and large shellmounds (sambaquis), which had been continuously occupied from at least 8000 to 1000 years cal BP. However, changes in their structure and material culture in the late Holocene have led to different hypotheses concerning their ecological and cultural changes. The archaeological site Galheta IV (ca. 1300 to 500 years cal BP) offers new insights into the complexity of the late coastal occupation in southern Brazil. Our attempt was to determine whether Galheta IV can be classified as a sambaqui site, or if it belongs to a So

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20

Florin, S. Anna, Patrick Roberts, Ben Marwick, et al. "Pandanus nutshell generates a palaeoprecipitation record for human occupation at Madjedbebe, northern Australia." Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 3 (2021): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01379-8.

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AbstractLittle is known about the Pleistocene climatic context of northern Australia at the time of early human settlement. Here we generate a palaeoprecipitation proxy using stable carbon isotope analysis of modern and archaeological pandanus nutshell from Madjedbebe, Australia’s oldest known archaeological site. We document fluctuations in precipitation over the last 65,000 years and identify periods of lower precipitation during the penultimate and last glacial stages, Marine Isotope Stages 4 and 2. However, the lowest effective annual precipitation is recorded at the present time. Periods

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21

Umaru, Aminu, and Inusa Eshiozemh. "Financial Inclusion and Agricultural Output Nexus in Nigeria: An asymmetric Approach." Applied Journal of Economics, Management and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v3i4.61.

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The desire to improve financial inclusion and achieve higher productivity in the world is becoming increasingly high in recent times. This study examines the asymmetric effect of financial inclusion proxy by the volume of automated teller machines, point of sale, mobile banking pay, and cheques on agricultural output in Nigeria. Quarterly data between 2010Q1 and 2021Q4 was sourced from the Nigerian Inter-Bank Settlement System Plc (NIBSS) and the CBN statistical bulletin 2021. The non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (NARDL) model and Stepwise Least Squares (STEPLS) were employed in th

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Van Dijk, B., A. M. P. Boeren, S. Khidir, N. Den Hollander, and A. Van der Helm – van Mil. "POS0938 PROLONGED PHYSICAL STRAIN AT WORK CONFERS RISK FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICALLY SUSPECT ARTHRALGIA: CUES FOR MECHANICAL FACTORS AS FINAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL HIT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 781.2–781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.746.

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BackgroundSome case-control studies have identified physical workload as a risk-factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ObjectivesTo better understand its influence on the pathophysiological trajectory of RA-development, we studied the relation of work-related physical strain with MRI-detected joint-inflammation in clinically suspect arthralgia (CSA) and the general population, and with progression from CSA to clinical arthritis.Methods501 consecutively presenting CSA-patients and 155 symptom-free persons filled out questionnaires on their occupation. Physical strain was determined using the Inte

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Zhang, Ying, Yajing Hao, Lang Li, Kai Xia, and Guorong Wu. "A Novel Computational Proxy for Characterizing Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, no. 3 (2020): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201011.

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Background: Although the abnormal depositions of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), converging evidence shows that the individual’s neurodegeneration trajectory is regulated by the brain’s capability to maintain normal cognition. Objective: The concept of cognitive reserve has been introduced into the field of neuroscience, acting as a moderating factor for explaining the paradoxical relationship between the burden of AD pathology and the clinical outcome. It is of high demand to quantify the degree of conceptual cognitive reserve on an in

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Kotagama, Hemesiri Bandara, and Hamam Al-Farsi. "Impact of the Domestic Labor Market on Sustainability of Agriculture in Oman." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23 (January 10, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss0pp24-28.

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Undistorted factor markets are a perquisite for efficient allocation of resources and growth in production. In Oman by 2013, only 16% of households have reported agriculture as the main occupation and 53% have reported nonagricultural government employment as the main occupation. This situation is hypothesized to be related to the labor market; where government legislated higher remuneration in the nonagricultural government sector vis-a-vis agricultural sector, influences Omani farmers to move to nonagricultural employment, causing reduced cultivated area and farm production. The study uses o

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Kotagama, Hemesiri Bandara, and Hamam Al-Farsi. "Impact of the Domestic Labor Market on Sustainability of Agriculture in Oman." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23, no. 1 (2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss1pp24-28.

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Undistorted factor markets are a perquisite for efficient allocation of resources and growth in production. In Oman by 2013, only 16% of households have reported agriculture as the main occupation and 53% have reported nonagricultural government employment as the main occupation. This situation is hypothesized to be related to the labor market; where government legislated higher remuneration in the nonagricultural government sector vis-a-vis agricultural sector, influences Omani farmers to move to nonagricultural employment, causing reduced cultivated area and farm production. The study uses o

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Kozieł, Sławomir, Marek Kociuba, Raja Chakraborty, Aneta Sitek, and Zofia Ignasiak. "FURTHER EVIDENCE OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LOW SECOND-TO-FOURTH DIGIT RATIO (2D:4D) AND SELECTION FOR THE UNIFORMED SERVICES: A STUDY AMONG POLICE PERSONNEL IN WROCŁAW, POLAND." Journal of Biosocial Science 50, no. 4 (2017): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000438.

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SummaryMales and females differ in their preference for occupations and sporting activities, and differ also in risk-taking attitudes. In addition to other explanations, prenatal hormone exposure has been implicated in these gender-associated differences. The ratio of the relative lengths of the second-to-fourth digits (2D:4D) is a proxy indicator of prenatal exposure to testosterone relative to oestrogen. The 2D:4D ratio has been found to be associated with choice of occupation, particularly among females. This study investigated whether 2D:4D differed between police officers and a control gr

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Vankara, Ashish, Andrew Harris, Julius Oni, Dawn LaPorte, and Amiethab Aiyer. "103 Parental Occupation and Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants: Implications on Educational Debt, Scholarships, Medical School Ranking, and Resulting Match Rates." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.101.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Parental SES may influence the trajectory of students applying to orthopaedic surgery residency, perpetuating opportunistic disparities. Thus, we sought to examine the relationship between parental occupation/education and applicant match rate, education financing, and medical school background. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) documented parental occupation and education levels of 10,697 orthopedics applicants from 2011 to 2021. Parental occupations were categorized into physician vs non-physician, healthcare vs non-heal

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Albert, Bruce, Jim Innes, Konstantin Krementskiy, et al. "What was the ecological impact of a Trypillia megasite occupation? Multi-proxy palaeo-environmental investigations at Nebelivka, Ukraine." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 29, no. 1 (2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-019-00730-9.

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Halligan, Jessi J., Michael R. Waters, Angelina Perrotti, et al. "Pre-Clovis occupation 14,550 years ago at the Page-Ladson site, Florida, and the peopling of the Americas." Science Advances 2, no. 5 (2016): e1600375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600375.

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Stone tools and mastodon bones occur in an undisturbed geological context at the Page-Ladson site, Florida. Seventy-one radiocarbon ages show that ~14,550 calendar years ago (cal yr B.P.), people butchered or scavenged a mastodon next to a pond in a bedrock sinkhole within the Aucilla River. This occupation surface was buried by ~4 m of sediment during the late Pleistocene marine transgression, which also left the site submerged.Sporormiellaand other proxy evidence from the sediments indicate that hunter-gatherers along the Gulf Coastal Plain coexisted with and utilized megafauna for ~2000 yea

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Garland, Carey J., Victor D. Thompson, Matthew C. Sanger, et al. "A multi-proxy assessment of the impact of environmental instability on Late Holocene (4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0258979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258979.

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Circular shell rings along the South Atlantic Coast of North America are the remnants of some of the earliest villages that emerged during the Late Archaic (5000–3000 BP). Many of these villages, however, were abandoned during the Terminal Late Archaic (ca 3800–3000 BP). We combine Bayesian chronological modeling with mollusk shell geochemistry and oyster paleobiology to understand the nature and timing of environmental change associated with the emergence and abandonment of circular shell ring villages on Sapelo Island, Georgia. Our Bayesian models indicate that Native Americans occupied the

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Malatesta, Luca C., Noah J. Finnegan, Kimberly L. Huppert, and Emily I. Carreño. "The influence of rock uplift rate on the formation and preservation of individual marine terraces during multiple sea-level stands." Geology 50, no. 1 (2022): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49245.1.

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Abstract Marine terraces are a cornerstone for the study of paleo sea level and crustal deformation. Commonly, individual erosive marine terraces are attributed to unique sea-level high stands based on the reasoning that marine platforms could only be significantly widened at the beginning of an interglacial. However, this logic implies that wave erosion is insignificant at other times. We postulate that the erosion potential at a given bedrock elevation datum is proportional to the total duration of sea-level occupation at that datum. The total duration of sea-level occupation depends strongl

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Kehl, M., E. Eckmeier, S. O. Franz, et al. "Sediment sequence and site formation processes at the Arbreda Cave, NE Iberian Peninsula, and implications on human occupation and climate change during the Last Glacial." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 2 (2014): 1053–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-1053-2014.

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Abstract. The cave of Arbreda provides a detailed archaeological record of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic and is a key site for studying human occupation and cultural transitions in NE Iberia. Recently, studies of lake archives and archaeological sites presented new evidence on climate changes in NE Iberia correlating with Heinrich events. It, therefore, needs to be determined whether climate signals can be identified in the cave sequence of Arbreda, and if so, whether these signals can be correlated with stratigraphic indicators suggesting the continuity or discontinuity of human occupation

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Kehl, M., E. Eckmeier, S. O. Franz, et al. "Sediment sequence and site formation processes at the Arbreda Cave, NE Iberian Peninsula, and implications on human occupation and climate change during the Last Glacial." Climate of the Past 10, no. 5 (2014): 1673–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1673-2014.

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Abstract. The Arbreda Cave provides a detailed archaeological record of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic and is a key site for studying human occupation and cultural transitions in NE Iberia. Recently, studies of lake archives and archaeological sites presented new evidence on climate changes in NE Iberia correlating with Heinrich events. It, therefore, needs to be determined whether climate signals can be identified in the cave sequence of Arbreda, and if so, whether these signals can be correlated with stratigraphic indicators suggesting the continuity or discontinuity of human occupation. W

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Feshchukov, H. V. "THE CONCEPT OF «OCCUPATION BY PROXY» IN THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC LAW. THE PARTIAL OCCUPATION OF DONETSK AND LUGANSK REGIONS AS A PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THIS CONCEPT." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 7 (2021): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-7/77.

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Bar-El, Raphael, Sharon Hadad, Liran Maymoni, Ran Ben Malka, and Reut Megidish. "Innovation as a Challenge for Peripheral Regions: an Israeli Case." European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship 17, no. 1 (2022): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.830.

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Peripheral regions are now confronted with the worldwide prominence of innovation and high technology driving economic growth. It is crucial that they integrate the new trends for their economic sustainability and for the narrowing of social gaps. Research has focused on factors influencing the concentration of technology in metropolitan areas. Other analyses have highlighted the advantages for peripheral or rural regions if they integrate into this process. In our article, we aim to contribute to the discourse by suggesting a unique approach, testing it empirically with a peripheral region in

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Morojele, Neo K., and Judith S. Brook. "Sociodemographic, Sociocultural, and Individual Predictors of Reported Feelings of Meaninglessness among South African Adolescents." Psychological Reports 95, no. 3_suppl (2004): 1271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.3f.1271-1278.

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The purpose of the study was to predict adolescents' sense of meaninglessness about South Africa's sociopolitical situation from sociodemographic, individual level, and sociocultural factors. The participants comprised 39 male and 64 female students from three schools in Cape Town, and had a mean age of 15.2 yr. ( SD = 1.8 yr.). They completed an adaptation of Neal and Groat's Meaninglessness scale and measures of sociodemographic (age, sex, and parental occupation, household amenities, and household hunger as proxy measures of socioeconomic status), sociocultural (cultural pride and an adapta

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Nurhayati, Immas, Endri Endri, Desmy Riani, and Widhi Ariyo Bimo. "Community’s Potential and Preferences for Islamic Banking : the Case of Indonesia." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 18 (September 6, 2022): 1094–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2022.18.104.

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Islamic Banking is an increasingly important part of the Indonesian economy and finance. The competition between conventional and Islamic banks and customer demographic factors affect the performance of Islamic Banking. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential and preferences of the community towards Islamic banking in terms of a demographic perspective consisting of four factors, namely age, income, education, and occupation. The potential and preferences of the community are proxied by the ownership of Islamic banking accounts. The study uses a sample of 620 questionnaires. The

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Höbig, Nicole, Michael E. Weber, Martin Kehl, et al. "Lake Banyoles (northeastern Spain): A Last Glacial to Holocene multi-proxy study with regard to environmental variability and human occupation." Quaternary International 274 (October 2012): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.05.036.

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Grotz, Catherine, Xavier Seron, Marie Van Wissen, and Stéphane Adam. "How should proxies of cognitive reserve be evaluated in a population of healthy older adults?" International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 1 (2016): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001745.

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ABSTRACTBackground:While some tools have been developed to estimate an individual's cognitive reserve (CR), no study has assessed the adequacy of the method used for assessing these CR proxy indicators. Therefore, we aimed to determine the most appropriate method to estimate CR by comparing two approaches: (1) the common assessment of CR proxies in the literature (e.g. years of education) and (2) the calculation of a comprehensive index based on most significant parameters used in the estimation of CR.Methods:Data on CR proxies (i.e. education, occupation, and leisure activities) were obtained

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Bojor, Laviniu, Aurelian Rațiu, and Paul Tudorache. "War-Tested Resilience in Ukraine: Surviving Year One." Scientific Bulletin 28, no. 1 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsaft-2023-0001.

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Abstract The war in Ukraine, a NATO-Russian proxy war, continues to influence the global security architecture, but the immediate consequences are felt especially by those in the conflict area. The local population decided, through the actions carried out from the very first moment of the invasion, to oppose the Russian occupation and was categorized as an extension of the armed forces and a central pillar of the Ukrainian resistance. The paper analyzes the pressures to which the civilians in Ukraine were subjected during the first year of the conflict, such as: the bombing of residential area

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Bonini, P., and C. F. Custodio. "The STEM Wage Premium in the Main Brazilian Technology Clusters." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 14, no. 4 (2023): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2023.14.4.760.

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This paper reports research results on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics – STEM – wage premium in 10 main Brazilian technologic clusters: Manaus, Ilhéus-Itabuna, Belo Horizonte, Pouso Alegre, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Florianópolis, Campinas, São Carlos and São Paulo. The study adjusts the Oaxaca decomposition method – which allows using the workers’ occupation as a categorical variable – to estimate the median of the STEM wage premium in each of the clusters. The control variables are age, educational level, and experience, which are proxy variables for human capital. Inspection of

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Fagoaga, Ana, Francisco J. Ruiz-Sánchez, César Laplana, et al. "Palaeoecological implications of Neanderthal occupation at Unit Xb of El Salt (Alcoi, eastern Spain) during MIS 3 using small mammals proxy." Quaternary International 481 (July 2018): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.024.

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Turney, Indira C., Miguel Arce Rentería, Anthony G. Chesebro, et al. "CHILDHOOD SES AND AGE-RELATED BRAIN CHANGES RACIALLY-ETHNICALLY DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1998.

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Abstract Socioeconomic disadvantages in childhood has been linked to dementia in late life. However, the underlying pathways through which childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) affects health in old age is unclear. CSES has been linked to age-related differences in regions affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD; e.g., hippocampus). CSES varies across race/ethnicity; It is critical to examine the relationship between CSES and age-related brain structural changes across diverse aging populations. We used an established proxy for CSES, number of siblings (i.e., sibship size), to examine whether CSES

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Royer, Aurélien, Christophe Lécuyer, Sophie Montuire, Jérôme Primault, François Fourel, and Marcel Jeannet. "Summer air temperature, reconstructions from the last glacial stage based on rodents from the site Taillis-des-Coteaux (Vienne), Western France." Quaternary Research 82, no. 2 (2014): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.06.006.

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AbstractThe oxygen isotope composition of phosphate from tooth enamel of rodents (δ18Op) constitutes a valuable proxy to reconstruct past air temperatures in continental environments. This method has been applied to rodent dental remains from three genera, Arvicola sp., Microtus sp. and Dicrostonyx sp., coming from Taillis-des-Coteaux, Vienne, France. This archaeological site contains an exceptionally preserved sedimentary sequence spanning almost the whole Upper Palaeolithic, including seven stratigraphic layers dated from 35 to 17 cal ka BP. The abundant presence of rodent remains offers the

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Chaput, Michelle A., Björn Kriesche, Matthew Betts, et al. "Spatiotemporal distribution of Holocene populations in North America." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 39 (2015): 12127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505657112.

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As the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets retreated, North America was colonized by human populations; however, the spatial patterns of subsequent population growth are unclear. Temporal frequency distributions of aggregated radiocarbon (14C) dates are used as a proxy of population size and can be used to track this expansion. The Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database contains more than 35,000 14C dates and is used in this study to map the spatiotemporal demographic changes of Holocene populations in North America at a continental scale for the past 13,000 y. We use the kernel method

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Barneclo, Marcella, A. Lisette Isenberg, Joy Stradford, Kimberly Espejo, and Judy Pa. "PERFORMANCE ON THE MOCA IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE RESERVE IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 1264. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.4043.

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Abstract The Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis suggests that more experiential resources (e.g. education, occupation, recreational activities) can help individuals combat age-related cognitive decline and maintain higher cognitive function with age. As such, higher CR has been implicated in greater cognitive resilience potentially correlated to delaying the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Previous research in cognitively normal populations found that the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a well-established neuropsychological assessment of global cognition used to identif

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Dorjee, Binu, Pallabi Saha, and Jaydip Sen. "Hierarchy of Associations Between BMI-for-Agez-Scores, Growth and Family Social Status Among Urban Bengali Girls of Siliguri Town, West Bengal: A St. Nicolas House Analysis." Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India 70, no. 2 (2021): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277436x211043631.

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The present study assesses the association of different socio-economic variables with children’s BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) and influence of children’s height on BAZ, a proxy index of nutritional status. The study was undertaken among 322 girls belonging to the Bengali Hindu Caste Population (BHCP) aged 5–13 years. These girls were the students of two schools located in Siliguri town of West Bengal, India. The prevalence of short stature, underweight and overweight was assessed using the World Health Organization’s ( WHO, 2007 , Growth Reference Data for 5–19 years) references. The statistical

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Lowe, Kelsey M., Susan M. Mentzer, Lynley A. Wallis, and James Shulmeister. "A multi-proxy study of anthropogenic sedimentation and human occupation of Gledswood Shelter 1: exploring an interior sandstone rockshelter in Northern Australia." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 10, no. 2 (2016): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0354-8.

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Sedov, Sergey, Socorro Lozano-García, Elizabeth Solleiro-Rebolledo, Emily McClung de Tapia, Beatriz Ortega-Guerrero, and Susana Sosa-Nájera. "Tepexpan revisited: A multiple proxy of local environmental changes in relation to human occupation from a paleolake shore section in Central Mexico." Geomorphology 122, no. 3-4 (2010): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.003.

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Capuzzo, Giacomo, Elisavet Stamataki, Michael Allen Beck De Lotto, et al. "A multi-proxy approach to reconstruct chronology, human mobility, and funerary practices at the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age urnfield of San Valentino (San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy)." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (2024): e0309649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309649.

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The site of San Valentino in San Vito al Tagliamento is one of the main urnfield cemeteries in northeastern Italy. Archaeological excavations carried out in the seventies brought to light a cremation cemetery consisting of mainly urn graves with pottery and metal artefacts as grave goods. These materials suggest that the individuals buried in San Valentino were not an isolated local community but had intense contacts with other north-Adriatic communities, in particular with the neighbouring Veneto area, as suggested by the close similarity of the biconical vessels with those recovered in the g

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