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Berney, Tom. "Asperger syndrome from childhood into adulthood." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 10, no. 5 (September 2004): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.10.5.341.
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Asperger syndrome, a form of autism with normal ability and normal syntactical speech, is associated with a variety of comorbid psychiatric disorders. The disorder is well known to child psychiatry, and we are beginning to recognise the extent of its impact in adulthood. The article reviews the diagnosis and assessment of Asperger syndrome and its links with a wide range of psychiatric issues, including mental disorder, offending and mental capacity. It also describes the broader, non-psychiatric management of Asperger syndrome itself, which includes social and occupational support and education, before touching on the implications the disorder has for our services.
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Skafle, Ingjerd, Elia Gabarron, Anders Dechsling, and Anders Nordahl-Hansen. "Online Attitudes and Information-Seeking Behavior on Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Greta Thunberg." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094981.
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The purpose of this study was to examine Internet trends data and sentiment in tweets mentioning autism, Asperger syndrome, and Greta Thunberg during 2019. We used mixed methods in analyzing sentiment and attitudes in viral tweets and collected 1074 viral tweets on autism that were published in 2019 (tweets that got more than 100 likes). The sample from Twitter was compared with search patterns on Google. In 2019, Asperger syndrome was closely connected to Greta Thunberg, as of the tweets specifically mentioning Asperger (from the total sample of viral tweets mentioning autism), 83% also mentioned Thunberg. In the sample of tweets about Thunberg, the positive sentiment expressed that Greta Thunberg was a role model, whereas the tweets that expressed the most negativity used her diagnosis against her and could be considered as cyberbullying. The Google Trends data also showed that Thunberg was closely connected to search patterns on Asperger syndrome in 2019. The study showed that being open about health information while being an active participant in controversial debates might be used against you but also help break stigmas and stereotypes.
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Sze, Karen M., and Jeffrey J. Wood. "Enhancing CBT for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Concurrent Anxiety." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 36, no. 4 (July 2008): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465808004384.
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AbstractBecause anxiety and other concurrent psychological problems are common among children with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome, research initiatives have been devoted to the development of efficacious treatments to address the multifaceted needs of youth with this presentation. Emerging research indicates that when carefully adapted to accommodate for the unique needs of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) may be a viable treatment modality. Because inherent features of ASD may compromise the efficacy of traditional CBT, our preliminary work suggests that it may be important to gear intervention efforts towards directly addressing core autism symptoms to promote optimal treatment response. This article describes an evidence-based CBT treatment manual modified and expanded to address core ASD features above and beyond anxiety symptomatology. A case example of a 10-year-old boy with Asperger syndrome is presented with supporting data to illustrate the treatment modifications and their rationale. The positive treatment response attained in this case suggests that an enhanced variant of a standard CBT programme may be an efficacious treatment approach for children with ASD and concurrent anxiety.
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Wiklund, Mari. "Gaze behavior of pre-adolescent children afflicted with Asperger Syndrome." Communication and Medicine 9, no. 2 (May 20, 2013): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v9i2.173.
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Asperger syndrome (AS) is a form of high-functioning autism characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction. People afflicted with AS typically have abnormal nonverbal behaviors which are often manifested by avoiding eye contact. Gaze constitutes an important interactional resource, and an AS person’s tendency to avoid eye contact may affect the fluidity of conversations and cause misunderstandings. For this reason, it is important to know the precise ways in which this avoidance is done, and in what ways it affects the interaction. The objective of this article is to describe the gaze behavior of preadolescent AS children in institutional multiparty conversations. Methodologically, the study is based on conversation analysis and a multimodal study of interaction. The findings show that three main patterns are used for avoiding eye contact: 1) fixing one’s gaze straight ahead; 2) letting one’s gaze wander around; and 3) looking at one’s own hands when speaking. The informants of this study do not look at the interlocutors at all in the beginning or the middle of their turn. However, sometimes they turn to look at the interlocutors at the end of their turn. This proves that these children are able to use gaze as a source of feedback. When listening, looking at the speaker also seems to be easier for them than looking at the listeners when speaking.
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Lemer, Patricia S. "Seeing Through New Eyes: Changing the Lives of Children with Autism, Asperger Syndrome and Other Developmental Disabilities Through Vision Therapy." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 80, no. 10 (October 2009): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2009.07.008.
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Coo, H., H. Ouellette-Kuntz, M. Lam, C. T. Yu, D. Dewey, F. P. Bernier, A. E. Chudley, et al. "Correlates of age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in six Canadian regions." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 32, no. 2 (March 2012): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.32.2.05.
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Introduction Early identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is important, since earlier exposure to behavioural intervention programs may result in better outcomes for the child. Moreover, it allows families timely access to other treatments and supports. Methods Using generalized linear modeling, we examined the association between child and family characteristics and the age at which 2180 children were diagnosed with ASD between 1997 and 2005 in six Canadian regions. Results A diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) or Asperger syndrome, rural residence, diagnosis in more recent years, and foreign birthplace were associated with a later age at diagnosis. Children who are visible minorities or who have siblings with ASD were more likely to be diagnosed earlier. Collectively, these factors explained little of the variation in age at diagnosis, however. Conclusion While it is encouraging that ethnocultural identity, neighbourhood income, urban or rural residence, and sex of the child were not major contributors to disparities in the age when children were identified with ASD, more work is needed to determine what does account for the differences observed. Regional variations in the impact of several factors suggest that aggregating data may not be an optimal strategy if the findings are meant to inform policy and clinical practice at the local level.
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Rodger, Sylvia, and Alysha Vishram. "Mastering Social and Organization Goals: Strategy Use by Two Children with Asperger Syndrome during Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 30, no. 4 (September 7, 2010): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2010.500893.
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Owens, Gina, Yael Granader, Ayla Humphrey, and Simon Baron-Cohen. "LEGO ® Therapy and the Social Use of Language Programme: An Evaluation of Two Social Skills Interventions for Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 38, no. 10 (June 20, 2008): 1944–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0590-6.
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Siedler, Agnieszka. "BEYOND SOCIAL SKILLS: GROUP DYNAMICS AT SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING FOR HIGH FUNCTIONING ADOLESCENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/15.09.20.
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The usefulness of group social skills training in Autism Spectrum Disorder therapy has been well established. However, little is known about the group dynamics of this kind of intervention. The current multiple case studies were conducted to demonstrate that, despite of the functioning specifics of participants with ASD, processes associated with the dynamics of the group during group social skills training session may be noticeable. Intervention groups consisted of fifteen adolescents and preadolescents with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders aged between 11 to 17 years old divided into three training groups. The social skills training sessions were conducted on a weekly basis. The observation lasted for six months and it included the formation of the group, the period of stability and unexpected changes. After each group session, the therapists filled in a detailed report about the participants’ behavior and interactions between participants. Collected data were carefully analyzed for group dynamic features. It was noticed that adolescents participating in group interventions are susceptible to the influence of the group, take different individual roles and are moderately sensitive to changes in the group structure. The influence of the disorder characteristics on group dynamics was also observed. Although the results show that group dynamics can be observed at a group training for ASD, the need for further structured observation should be emphasized as a current study constituted the first approach to the subject. Preliminary study: Benefits and challenges for participants beyond social skills obtaining are discussed. Key words: autism, Asperger Syndrome, group intervention, social skills training, groups’ roles, group dynamics.
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Kendrick, Jennifer G., Ran D. Goldman, and Roxane R. Carr. "Pharmacologic Management of Agitation and Aggression in a Pediatric Emergency Department – A Retrospective Cohort Study." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 23, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-23.6.455.
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BACKGROUND Benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use for acute management of agitation and aggression in the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting has not been well described. OBJECTIVES To describe medication utilization in the management of agitation and aggression in a pediatric ED and to assess the safety of their use. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study. Patients less than 20 years of age who presented to our pediatric ED and had agitation or aggression as part of their chief complaint were included if they received at least 1 dose of benzodiazepine or antipsychotic. Outcomes included frequency of benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use, dosing of medications, and reported adverse events. RESULTS During the 5-year study period, there were 128 visits of 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Lorazepam was most commonly given (70%), followed by chlorpromazine (20%). Most patients (82%) required a single dose of medication. Intoxication was associated with needing more than 1 dose of medication. Patients with autism or Asperger syndrome were more likely to receive an antipsychotic medication compared to not having these conditions (75% vs. 28%, respectively). Adverse events were documented in 6 visits: oxygen desaturation (n = 1), dizziness and nausea (n = 2), dizziness (n = 1), and paradoxical excitation (n = 2). The Naranjo Score indicated a probable adverse drug reaction for the cases of paradoxical excitation. CONCLUSIONS Benzodiazepine and antipsychotic drug therapy for acute agitation and aggression in children appears to be safe and well tolerated when used as a single agent and at the recommended doses in this setting.
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Rathi, Renu, Bharat Rathi, Rakesh Khatana, and Suraj Sankh. "A Case Study on Management of Rett Syndrome by Wholistic approach." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i2.1403.
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Background: Rett syndrome-RS comes under Autism spectrum disorder-ASD which is a neurodevelopmental syndrome. It is diagnosed by the main differentiating features of lack of interpersonal and communication skills, poor eye contact, delayed speech with pervasive abnormal body movements. Aim and Objectives: This case report is aimed at dissemination of comprehensive role of Ayurveda in management of ASD, Rett syndrome. Material and Methods: RS is the severe form of ASD. This case study of 2.3 year’s girl presented with RS and global delay, being treated with wholistic approach. It comprises Ayurveda chikitsa and other therapies like Yoga, hydrotherapy, occupational, music, physiotherapy and many more. Observation and Result: Patient has shown promising results in all developmental milestones such as gross motor, fine motor and personal social in 6 months duration except language. Different varieties of massage therapy, diet and Basti, Nasya (Panchkarma) procedures, Omkar mantra chanting, passive Yogasana were done. Conclusion: In this case report, mainly Ayurveda interventions were implemented with wholistic approach as an adjuvant, received good result in gross motor development which is very difficult in RS, hence it is a unique case. It also opened the door of wholistic approach with the hope to deliver the good result in similar disorders.
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Cunningham, Adam C., Sue Delport, Wendy Cumines, Monica Busse, David E. J. Linden, Jeremy Hall, Michael J. Owen, and Marianne B. M. van den Bree. "Developmental coordination disorder, psychopathology and IQ in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome." British Journal of Psychiatry 212, no. 1 (January 2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2017.6.
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Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with high rates of neurodevelopmental disorder, however, the links between developmental coordination disorder (DCD), intellectual function and psychiatric disorder remain unexplored.AimsTo establish the prevalence of indicative DCD in children with 22q11.2DS and examine associations with IQ, neurocognition and psychopathology.MethodNeurocognitive assessments and psychiatric interviews of 70 children with 22q11.2DS (mean age 11.2, s.d. = 2.2) and 32 control siblings (mean age 11.5, s.d. = 2.1) were carried out in their homes. Nine children with 22q11.2DS and indicative DCD were subsequently assessed in an occupational therapy clinic.ResultsIndicative DCD was found in 57 (81.4%) children with 22q11.2DS compared with 2 (6.3%) control siblings (odds ratio (OR) = 36.7,P< 0.001). Eight of nine (89%) children with indicative DCD met DSM-5 criteria for DCD. Poorer coordination was associated with increased numbers of anxiety, (P< 0.001), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (P< 0.001) and autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms (P< 0.001) in children with 22q11.2DS. Furthermore, 100% of children with 22q11.2DS and ADHD had indicative DCD (20 of 20), as did 90% of children with anxiety disorder (17 of 19) and 96% of children who screened positive for ASD (22 of 23). The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire score was related to sustained attention (P= 0.006), even after history of epileptic fits (P= 0.006) and heart problems (P= 0.009) was taken into account.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of the high risk of coordination difficulties in children with 22q11.2DS and its association with risk of mental disorder and specific neurocognitive deficits.Declaration of interestNone.
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Islam, Md Shariful, Fatema Kanak, Md Asif Iqbal, Kazi Faheema Islam, Abdullah Al-Mamun, and Md Sahab Uddin. "Analyzing the Status of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Amid Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Bangladesh." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2018): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1422.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a collection of conditions characterized by stereo typed behaviors and narrow interests and pervasive problems with communication and social interactions. Globally, researchers are working on identifying the root cause and management of ASD. Although research on autism is at nascent stage in Bangladesh but in terms of social epidemicity, it is currently an utmost important issue. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of age, sex, birth weight, mother’s pregnancy duration, pregnancy time complicacy and genetic linkage on autism. The study also related, the socio-economic status of the autistic children and satisfaction of parent on government response in this issue. The study was conducted on 50 patients in 2 Autistic Schools (Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation and Autistic Children Welfare Foundation, Bangladesh) of the Dhaka City from June 2010 to December 2010. Study related data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire In our study out of 50 children with autism 86% were male and 24% were in the age range between 73to 84 months. About 84% children with autism were lived in urban area and about 52% were belonging at the upper middle class. The main signs and symptoms observed, was prefer to play alone (i.e. 74%). Moreover 60% children with autism talks later than age 2 and 58% had poor eye contact. During our study we have observed that 14% children were linked by heredity and 10% have siblings with same problem. Rett syndrome (i.e. 40%) and autistic disorder (i.e., 32%) were more commonly observed. From the prescription, the study revealed, physicians diagnosed speech delay in 32% patient and 8% were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For treatment physicians mainly prescribes vitamins (i.e. 50%), antiepileptic drugs (i.e. 12%), and antipsychotic drugs (i.e. 4%). Besides most of the children were treated with physical and occupational therapy but no objection was found with vaccine. During our study we had observed that, 82% parents were not satisfied by the steps taken by the government yet. This study observed that, apart from alarming increase rate of autism in Dhaka City, modern diagnosis and medication facilities as well as therapies are deficit. Therefore, the new born babies and upcoming parents are at great risk due to insufficiency of awareness. So proper awareness programs and more facilities for autistic children should be introduced by both government and non-government sectors.
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Höfer, Juliana, Falk Hoffmann, Michael Dörks, Inge Kamp-Becker, Charlotte Küpper, Luise Poustka, Stefan Roepke, et al. "Health Services Use and Costs in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Germany: Results from a Survey in ASD Outpatient Clinics." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, March 17, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04955-4.
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AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with high services use, but European data on costs are scarce. Utilisation and annual costs of 385 individuals with ASD (aged 4–67 years; 18.2% females; 37.4% IQ < 85) from German outpatient clinics were assessed. Average annual costs per person were 3287 EUR, with psychiatric inpatient care (19.8%), pharmacotherapy (11.1%), and occupational therapy (11.1%) being the largest cost components. Females incurred higher costs than males (4864 EUR vs. 2936 EUR). In a regression model, female sex (Cost Ratio: 1.65), lower IQ (1.90), and Asperger syndrome (1.54) were associated with higher costs. In conclusion, ASD-related health costs are comparable to those of schizophrenia, thus underlining its public health relevance. Higher costs in females demand further research.
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"Cure of Autistic Disorders: Mission Impossible is Possible in an Illustrated Pioneering Experience." SunKrist Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health, August 21, 2020, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46940/sjpmh.01.1003.
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Background: Autistic disorders have become increasingly known as pervasive developmental disorders since the 1980s. They have been recently called autism spectrum disorder mostly by the American Psychiatric Association. They include five chronic disorders marked by early impairment in socialization, communication and behavior. There is no curative therapy or therapies for autistic disorders and they continue to be regarded as lifelong disorders. The aim of this paper is to describe our extensive experiences with treatment of autistic disorders with emphasis on the possibility of curing these disorders with a new therapeutic approach. Marked improvement or disappearance of autistic features in these disorders has not been reported with any therapy before. Materials and methods: During the period from December, 2017 to November, 2019, 116 patients with various autistic disorders were observed at the pediatric psychiatry clinic of the Teaching Hospital of Baghdad Medical City. 84 (72.4%) patients were males and 32 (28.6%) female’s patients were females. The patients’ ages ranged from two years to 16 years. The patients were from several provinces in Iraq including Baghdad, Saladdin, Najaf, Wassit, Kerbalaand Erbil in the North of Iraq). The patients were reported previously in several publications. All the patients had very poor speech development except the patients with Asperger syndrome. Most of the patients with a diagnosis other than Asperger syndrome were not saying any word and few patients were saying few words. Most patients were treated with a new therapeutic approach which included injectable cerebrolysin as the main therapeutic component. Marked improvement or disappearance of autistic features in these disorders has not been reported with any therapy before. The patients were treated with a new approach which aimed at improving the cardinal features of autistic disorders which include impairment of social interaction which is mostly manifested by poor responsiveness to their name and infrequent engagement with others manifested by poor eye contact and infrequently looking to faces. It was not possible to follow all the patients regularly nor was it possible to document details of the treatment and responses of all patients. Results: Almost all the patients treated with the new therapeutic approach experienced some improvement and lessening of the autistic features during the follow-up period. Treatment was also associated with initiation of speech and improvement of repetitive behaviors. It was possible to document complete disappearance of the main autistic features in twenty patients. It seems that the patients who achieved complete disappearance of the main autistic features will need an intensive learning especially of speech to abolish the effect of the time when they were under the effect of autistic behavior and to push them toward a possible cure of their illness. Conclusion: In this paper, we have demonstrated the possibility of cure of autistic disorders including autism and Asperger syndrome with use of individualized courses of intramuscular cerebrolysin as the main therapy for the main autistic features (Impaired social interaction and communication dominated by the lack of response to their name and poor eye contact). Understanding, a cure of autism will not immediately abolish the cumulative effect of the condition on learning, behavior and speech development before cure.
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Mutaqin, Wawan Ridwan. "Keefektifan Strategi Visual Dalam Pembelajaran Keterampilan Sosial Pada Anak Dengan Kondisi Spektrum Autis Tipe Sindroma Asperger (ASD)." Jurnal Keterapian Fisik 1, no. 2 (November 24, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.37341/jkf.v1i2.102.
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Abstract: Visual Strategy, Learning Social Skills, Autis Spectrum Disorder (ASD. Tantrum behavior is a behavior that often appears in children with autism spectrum, in the form of behavioral tantrums, anger outbursts, screams, cries, banging his head, banging, kicking, rolling and rigidity of the body. It often makes teachers and parents are confused about it. Usually teachers or parents are always trying to explain verbally to the child, but the results, the child remains tantrums if it wishes to buy food or toys when school is not met. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of visual strategies to address the tantrum behavior in children with autism condition Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. Sampling was done by sampling techniques with specific criteria (purposive sampling). Informants in this study is a teacher assistant (shadow teacher), parents and classroom teachers. The results showed that (1) the planning of learning social skills with visual strategy was well planned but the system documentation is still general, (2) the implementation of learning social skills with visual strategy done in the classroom and outside the classroom, using the drawings concerning a actions to be performed by children, (3) evaluation of learning social skills with visual strategies have been implemented during the learning process and at the end of the study, but has not been well documented, (4) the use of visual strategies in learning social skills in children ASD types Asperger syndrome rated very effective views of a significant change in behavior before and after learning social skills with visual strategy. The implications of this study that the TPP Al-Firdaus need to use visual strategies in learning social skills in autistic children and improve the quality of teachers and therapists to use visual strategies for learning and therapy for children with autism more optimal.
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Parul Gupta and Kanica Kharbanda. "Effect of “EYE to ‘I’®” – An Early Intervention Model on Social Language Development for Children with Neuro- Developmental Difficulties." International Journal of Indian Psychology 2, no. 4 (September 25, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.25215/0204.005.
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Recent research on services available for early intervention in New Delhi, India highlights that, there exists a lacuna between the services available and needs of a child with neurodevelopment disorder. The dual needs of a special child, which define his age and his syndrome, are not appropriately focused by the services available in India. The focus of the services available is on making the child adaptive to environment and scholastic skills. It is strongly felt that the focus should be on skill development of the child, to make him socially interactive, expressive and developing his theory of mind. The paper presents an Early Intervention Model, Eye To ‘I’®, which includes an integration of language therapy in play -based interaction with special education, speech therapy and occupational therapy. The study highlights the significance & suggested effectiveness of this comprehensive, play-based model for Social Communication and language development in children diagnosed with neurodevelopment disorders, mainly autism.
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Dickinson, Nathan, Jennifer Poveda, Claire Greaves, Charnie Kalirai, and Rachel Smith. "The challenges of radioiodine treatment for incontinent paediatric patients with complex care needs." British Journal of Radiology, December 2, 2020, 20200813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20200813.
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Objectives: A thyrotoxic paediatric patient with incontinence, autism and Down’s syndrome was referred for radioiodine therapy. Here, the risk assessment methodology and measures taken to deliver a legally compliant treatment that was acceptable to the family are described. Methods: Prior risk assessment indicated that the most active incontinence waste would require decay storage until it could be transported for disposal. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicated that school staff would be occupationally exposed under the Ionising Radiations Regulations (2017) based on the patient’s retained activity. To avoid the need for HSE Registration, it was advised that the patient’s return to school may need to be delayed slightly. Post-treatment, confirmatory waste and patient dose rate measurements were made to refine the advised timescales. Results: Domestic waste disposal resumed at 28 days. The patient recommenced schooling a few days after school their reopened after the summer break. The school underwent HSE Notification. Conclusion: Careful planning allowed us to provide a safe, compliant treatment regarding waste management and occupational exposure. Advances in knowledge: Incontinent 131I outpatient treatments require detailed, patient specific waste management. The HSE considered school staff as occupationally exposed by the patient well after normal social restrictions had ended.