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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupied Germany'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Weiner, Daniela R. P. "American and British Efforts to Democratize Schoolbooks in Occupied Italy and Germany from 1943 to 1949." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 12, no. 1 (2020): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2020.120106.

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During the Allied occupation of the Axis countries, education and the revision of educational materials were seen as a means of ensuring future peace in Europe. Most scholarly literature on this topic has focused on the German case or has engaged in a German-Japanese comparison, neglecting the country in which the textbook revision process was first pioneered: Italy. Drawing primarily on the papers of the Allied occupying military governments, this article explores the parallels between the textbook revision processes in Allied-occupied Italy and Germany. It argues that, for the Allied occupie

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2

Geller, Jay Howard. ":Jews, Germans, and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany." American Historical Review 114, no. 1 (2009): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.114.1.231a.

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3

Miszewski, Dariusz. "Slavic idea in political thought of underground Poland during World War II." Review of Nationalities 7, no. 1 (2017): 67–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pn-2017-0003.

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Abstract After the German invasion in 1941, the USSR declared to be the defender of the Slavic nations occupied by Germany. It did not defend their allies, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, against the Germans in the 1938-1941. In alliance with Germans it attacked Poland in 1939. Soviets used the Slavic idea to organize armed resistance in occupied nations. After the war, the Soviet Union intended to make them politically and militarily dependent. The Polish government rejected participation in the Soviet Slavic bloc. In the Polish political emigration and in the occupied country the Slavic idea

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4

RÖGER, MAREN. "The Sexual Policies and Sexual Realities of the German Occupiers in Poland in the Second World War." Contemporary European History 23, no. 1 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000490.

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AbstractSexual policies were a core component of the National Socialist racial policies, both in the Altreich (territories considered part of Nazi Germany before 1938), as well as in the occupied territories. In occupied Poland the Germans imposed a ‘prohibition of contact’ (Umgangsverbot) with the local Polish population, a restriction that covered both social as well as sexual encounters. But this model of absolute racial segregation was never truly implemented. This paper attempts to show that there existed a wide range of sexual contacts between the occupiers and the local inhabitants, wit

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5

Vande Winkel, Roel. "Film Distribution in Occupied Belgium (1940–1944)." TMG Journal for Media History 20, no. 1 (2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-7653.2017.280.

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The military successes achieved by the Wehrmacht in the first years of World War II, provided Nazi Germany with the opportunity to realise a long-dormant ambition of cultural hegemony. This article, focusing on film distribution in German-occupied Belgium (1940–1944), investigates the concrete steps that were taken to bring this new cultural order into practice and identifies the obstacles the German Propaganda Division (‘Propaganda-Abteilung Belgien’) encountered. Through various measures, the number of Belgian film distributors, and the number of films offered by them, were reduced. The mark

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6

Martynenko, Volodymyr. "Organization of reception and accommodation of German refugees from the occupied regions of the USSR in Germany in 1944." European Historical Studies, no. 17 (2020): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.17.4.

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Based on a wide range of sources, the article considers the process of organizing the reception and placement of German refugees from the occupied regions of Ukraine on the territory of Germany in 1944. According to archival sources, during the fall of 1943 – spring of 1944, about 350,000 ethnic Germans were evacuated from the occupied Ukrainian territories by the authorities of Nazi Germany. From February 1944, at the direction of Reichsführer SS H. Himmler, German refugees from the USSR were to be sent to the territory of the imperial district of Warthegau. Due to the lack of free land resou

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Wambach, Julia. "Vichy in Baden-Baden – The Personnel of the French Occupation in Germany after 1945." Contemporary European History 28, no. 3 (2018): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777318000462.

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This article examines the contested presence of Vichy administrators in high positions of the French administration of occupied Germany after the Second World War. In occupied Germany, where many of Pétain’s officials pursued their careers, resisters and collaborators negotiated their new positions in the wake of the German occupation of France. Key to understanding this settlement are the notions of expertise and merit as well as the role of the inherited French social order untouched by the collaboration.

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8

Kehoe, Thomas J., and Elizabeth M. Greenhalgh. "Bias in the Treatment of Non-Germans in the British and American Military Government Courts in Occupied Germany, 1945–46." Social Science History 44, no. 4 (2020): 641–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2020.25.

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AbstractNon-Germans—particularly “displaced persons”—were routinely blamed for crime in occupied western Germany. The Allied and German fixation on foreign gangs, violent criminals, and organized crime syndicates is well documented in contemporary reports, observations, and the press. An abundance of such data has long shaped provocative historical narratives of foreign-perpetrated criminality ranging from extensive disorder through to near uncontrolled anarchy. Such accounts complement assertions of a broader and more generalized crime wave. Over the last 30 years, however, a literature has e

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9

Hoppe, Hans-Joachim. "Bulgarian Nationalities Policy in Occupied Thrace and Aegean Macedonia." Nationalities Papers 14, no. 1-2 (1986): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905998608408035.

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After the outbreak of World War II, the Bulgarian government pursued a policy of non-alignment. In the fall of 1940 it rejected plans for a combined Italian-Bulgarian attack against Greece. And when Italy alone invaded Greece, Bulgaria facilitated Greek resistance by her own passivity. When Germany called on Bulgaria to enter the Tripartite Pact and make its territory available for a German attack against Greece, the Bulgarian leadership succeeded in retarding the talks. At the same time, the Soviet Union, Germany's Balkan rival, tried to entice Bulgaria into concluding a pact of mutual assist

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10

KRASNOZHENOVA, ELENA E. "THE OCCUPANTS AND THE POPULATION OF NORTH-WEST RUSSIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." CASPIAN REGION: Politics, Economics, Culture 66, no. 1 (2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-510x-2021-66-1-016-023.

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The war of Germany against the USSR was based on the idea of expanding the "living space" of the German nation, capable of using the resources of the occupied territories of the Soviet republics for the benefit of its own development. The population of the countries destined for conquest must feed the German economy with man power resources, the natural reserves of their former territories will provide the economic needs of the German army and the entire German people. The most important tool for the economic use of the occupied territories was the tax system, the export of production equipmen

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11

Glassheim, Eagle. "National Mythologies and Ethnic Cleansing: The Expulsion of Czechoslovak Germans in 1945." Central European History 33, no. 4 (2000): 463–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916100746428.

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Beginning in January of 1946, trains filled with Sudeten Germans—forty wagons, thirty passengers per wagon—left Czechoslovakia daily for the American Zone of occupied Germany. By the end of 1946, the Czechoslovak government completed the “organized transfer” of almost 2 million Germans, and it did so in a manner that in many respects fulfilled the mandate of the Potsdam agreement that the resettlement be “orderly and humane.” But a focus on these regularized trainloads of human cargo obscures the extent of the humanitarian disaster facing Germans during the summer months of 1945, immediately a

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12

Hilton, Laura J. "Jews, Germans and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany (review)." Journal of the History of Sexuality 20, no. 3 (2011): 642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sex.2011.0044.

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13

Julia Schulze Wessel. "Jews, Germans, and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany (review)." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 27, no. 3 (2009): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0336.

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14

Peifer, Douglas C., and Timothy R. Vogt. "Denazification in Soviet-Occupied Germany: Brandenburg, 1945-1948." Journal of Military History 65, no. 3 (2001): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677598.

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15

Meier, David A., and Timothy R. Vogt. "Denazification in Soviet-Occupied Germany: Brandenburg 1945-1948." German Studies Review 25, no. 3 (2002): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1432647.

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16

Florian Alix-Nicolaï. "RUINS AND VISIONS: STEPHEN SPENDER IN OCCUPIED GERMANY." Modern Language Review 109, no. 1 (2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5699/modelangrevi.109.1.0054.

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17

Pike, David. "Cultural Politics in Soviet-Occupied Germany 1945-46." Journal of Contemporary History 24, no. 1 (1989): 91–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200948902400104.

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18

Lehner, Nora. "»Gender Relationships between Occupiers and Occupied during the Allied Occupation of Germany after 1945«." Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 79, no. 1 (2020): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2020-0005.

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19

Krasnozhenova, Elena. "Economic and economic features of the Nazi occupation policy: 1941— 1944. (based on materials from the North-West of Russia)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 11-1 (2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi17.

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The article shows the content of the Nazi occupation policy in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic war. Features of the German command’s agricultural and tax policy in the occupied territory of the region are presented. To supply Nazi Germany and its armies, the economic resources of the occupied territories were used by exporting raw materials, food, equipment, and other material values. The local population was involved in mandatory work at enterprises, or sent to Germany. The occupation policy led to a significant deterioration of living conditions in the North-West of the R

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20

Evarts, Edvīns. "Latvju jaunatnes organizācija Otrā pasaules kara gados." Sabiedrība un kultūra: rakstu krājums = Society and Culture: conference proceedings, no. XXII (January 6, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/sk.2020.22.039.

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Because of the failure of the Eastern Front at the end of 1941, plans of Nazi Germany changed on what should happen with the occupied nations. According to the new idea, the local people should be more involved in a civil administration and one of the ways to do so, was to schedule a youth organization. The occupation power in Latvia, Generalkommissariat, began to create a youth organization, which was meant to be similar to Hitlerjugend organization in Germany. By the spring of 1942, a Latvian youth organization (LYO) was developed, fully subordinated to German officials. The Germans didn’t h

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21

Cohen, G. Daniel. "Ruth Gay. Safe Among The Germans: Liberated Jews After World War Two. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002. 330 pp.; Zeev Mankowitz. Life Between Memory and Hope: The Survivors of the Holocaust in Occupied Germany. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 348 pp." AJS Review 28, no. 2 (2004): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009404320210.

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In the last decade or so, new research on Jewish displaced persons in occupied Germany has pushed the traditional boundaries of “Holocaust studies” (1933–1945) toward the postwar period. Indeed, the displaced persons or “DP” experience—the temporary settlement in Germany of the Sheءerith Hapleitah (“Surviving Remnant”) from the liberation of concentration camps in the spring of 1945 to the late 1940s—provides important insights into post-Holocaust Jewish life. The impact of trauma and loss, the final divorce between Jews and East-Central Europe through migration to Israel and the New World, th

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22

Fehrenbach, Heide. "Timothy L. Schroer.Recasting Race after World War II: Germans and African Americans in American-Occupied Germany.:Recasting Race after World War II: Germans and African Americans in American‐Occupied Germany." American Historical Review 113, no. 3 (2008): 934–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.3.934.

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23

Glazkov, Mikhail. "Failure of Nazi Germany’s library policy." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2017-3-96-104.

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Review of the book: Germany’s Library and Publishing Activities in Occupied Territory (on the Examples of Central Regions of the RSFSR) : A monograph. - Orel : Gorizont, 2015. - 130 p. The monograph by A. L. Yesipov deals with library and publishing activity of Nazi Germany in temporarily occupied territories of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The author analyses the Nazi’s library and publishing policy in occupied territories, as well as activities of libraries subordinated to them. The major segments and results of Nazi propaganda, as well as little known documents produced by Germa

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24

McDougall, Alan. "Benita Blessing.The Antifascist Classroom: Denazification in Soviet-occupied Germany, 1945–1949.:The Antifascist Classroom: Denazification in Soviet‐occupied Germany, 1945–1949." American Historical Review 113, no. 2 (2008): 602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.2.602.

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25

Martynenko, V. "German Population Local Evacuations from the USSR Occupied Regions in winter-spring 1943." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-4.

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One of the elements of the “total war” declared by the Nazi leadership in February 1943 was the massive displacement of the civilian population of the occupied Soviet territories to the deep rear. As a rule, these movements were voluntary compulsory. Among those who were also subjected to mandatory evacuation were ethnic Germans, who, as a rule, enjoyed the special patronage of the occupation authorities. Most of them, of course, could not help fearing reprisals after the return of Soviet power and therefore preferred to retreat with the Wehrmacht. As a result, during the first few months of 1

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26

Schmidt, Carolin E. "The quest for affordable owner-occupied housing in Germany." Journal of European Real Estate Research 12, no. 3 (2019): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-10-2018-0046.

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Purpose Even though housing prices in Germany are low by international standards, housing in urban areas has become less affordable. Since 2018, certain families aspiring to become homeowners may apply for a capital subsidy (Baukindergeld) that contributes to their down-payment. This paper analyzes whether this subsidy is an appropriate policy instrument to achieve the desired goals. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents an equilibrium model with two types of households (low- and high-income) and two types of houses (low- and high-quality) to examine equilibrium prices before and afte

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27

Beer, Matthias. "Vertriebene und “Umsiedlerpolitik.” Integrationskonflikte in der deutschen Nachkriegsgesellschaft und die Assimilationsstrategien in der SBZ/DDR 1945-1961." Central European History 39, no. 1 (2006): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906370069.

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Among forced population transfers in the twentieth century, the expulsion of the German population from East Central Europe at the end of World War II was remarkable. More than twelve million Germans were expelled from the eastern parts of the German Reich and some eastern European states. These refugees arrived in a defeated, occupied, destroyed, and divided country. Initially, the percentage of expelled persons in the Soviet Occupation Zone was much higher than in the western zones. With almost 4.5 million individuals, the expellees made up twenty-four percent of the total population in the

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28

Jonas, Manfred, and Hermann-Josef Rupieper. "The Occupied Ally: The American Germany Policy, 1949-1955." Journal of American History 81, no. 2 (1994): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081387.

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29

Grose, Peter. "The Boss of Occupied Germany: General Lucius D. Clay." Foreign Affairs 77, no. 4 (1998): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20049040.

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30

Feigel, Lara, and Emily Oliver. "INTRODUCTION: NARRATIVES OF IDENTITY AND NATIONHOOD IN OCCUPIED GERMANY." German Life and Letters 71, no. 2 (2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/glal.12187.

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31

Silverberg, Laura. "East German Music and the Problem of National Identity." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 4 (2009): 501–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902985710.

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Caught between political allegiance to the Soviet Union and a shared history with West Germany, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) occupied an awkward position in Cold War Europe. While other countries in the Eastern Bloc already existed as nation-states before coming under Soviet control, the GDR was the product of Germany's arbitrary division. There was no specifically East German culture in 1945—only a German culture. When it came to matters of national identity, officials in the GDR's ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED) could not posit a unique quality of “East Germanness,” but could only

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32

Forner, S. A. "Reconsidering the 'Unpolitical German': Democratic Renewal and the Politics of Culture in Occupied Germany." German History 32, no. 1 (2014): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ght100.

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33

DAVIES, VERONICA. "CAPTURING THE GERMAN EYE: AMERICAN VISUAL PROPAGANDA IN OCCUPIED GERMANY BY CORA SOL GOLDSTEIN." Art Book 17, no. 3 (2010): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.2010.01120.x.

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34

Andrew Donson. "The German Antifascist Classroom: Denazification in Soviet-Occupied Germany, 1945–1949 (review)." Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 1, no. 2 (2008): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.0.0004.

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35

Datsishina, Marina V. "Place Renaming and German Policy-Making in Temporarily Occupied Soviet Territories." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.006.

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The article discusses the transfer of territory-remapping strategies by Nazi Germany from Europe to the occupied territories of the USSR, with a particular focus on place renaming. Measures concerning toponymy and onomastics were generally well-rooted in the policy of the Third Reich. In the year of 1942, as the German occupation zone in the Soviet Union reached its peak for the whole period of the war, specific guidelines for renaming were issued to secure the acclaimed territories. On the functional side, the guidelines were to eliminate confusion in the correspondence between administrative

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36

Steinmetz, George. "Empire in three keys." Thesis Eleven 139, no. 1 (2017): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513617701958.

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Germany was famously a latecomer to colonialism, but it was a hybrid empire, centrally involved in all forms of imperial activity. Germans dominated the early Holy Roman Empire; Germany after 1870 was a Reich, or empire, not a state in the conventional sense; and Germany had a colonial empire between 1884 and 1918. Prussia played the role of continental imperialist in its geopolitics vis-à-vis Poland and the other states to its east. Finally, in its Weltpolitik – its global policies centered on the navy – Germany was an informal global imperialist. Although these diverse scales and practices o

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37

Koshar, Rudy, and David Pike. "The Politics of Culture in Soviet-Occupied Germany, 1945-1949." American Historical Review 99, no. 5 (1994): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168488.

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38

Silberman, Marc, and David Pike. "The Politics of Culture in Soviet-Occupied Germany: 1945-1949." German Quarterly 67, no. 3 (1994): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/408656.

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39

Bessel, Richard. "The politics of culture in Soviet-occupied Germany, 1945–1949." International Affairs 69, no. 4 (1993): 780–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620647.

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40

Deshmukh, Marion F., and David Pike. "The Politics of Culture in Soviet-Occupied Germany, 1945-1949." German Studies Review 17, no. 2 (1994): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1432504.

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41

Teo, Hsu-Ming. "The continuum of sexual violence in occupied germany, 1945-49." Women's History Review 5, no. 2 (1996): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029600200111.

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42

Augustine, D. L. "The Antifascist Classroom. Denazification in Soviet-occupied Germany, 1945-1949." German History 26, no. 2 (2008): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghn017.

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43

Schroer, Timothy L. "Winning the Peace: The British in Occupied Germany, 1945–1948." German History 35, no. 3 (2017): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghx058.

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44

Knapton, Samantha K. "Winning the peace: the British in Occupied Germany, 1945–1948." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 27, no. 4 (2020): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2020.1715044.

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45

Martynenko, Vladimir. "Evacuation of the German Population from Transnistria in March–July 1944." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2020): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.1.6.

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Introduction. During autumn 1943 – spring 1944 the systematic phased evacuation of the German population was carried out from the occupied Soviet regions. Its final phase was the operation of relocating more than 130 000 ethnic Germans from the Transnistria Governorate controlled by Romanian authorities to the territory of Warthegau. Materials and methods. The presented research is based on the historicism and objectivity principles. In the course of the work, the author uses special methods such as historical-systematic, chronological, historicaldescriptive, and historical-genetic. The Source

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46

Wolpert, Daniel Jonah. "THE AUTHOR AND HIS CORPSE: GERMAN CLASSICAL CULTURE IN THE NATIONAL CINEMA OF OCCUPIED GERMANY." German Life and Letters 71, no. 2 (2018): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/glal.12189.

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47

Pepin, Craig K. "Dilettantes and Over-Specialization”: Diagnosing and Treating Nazism at West German Universities after World War II." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 4 (2005): 604–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00057.x.

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After 1945, the words “anti-fascist education” appeared much less frequently in the western zones of occupied Germany than in the Soviet zone, but the concerns expressed by the phrase were shared by all occupying powers: How could education help prevent a resurgence of Nazism? For the American and British occupation authorities, and to a lesser extent, the French, the answer was to “reeducate” for democracy. The leaders of German universities in the western zones answered this question differently. Drawing on the traditional German “idea of the university,” German professors stressed the incul

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48

Коrzun, Оlena. "ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH WORK ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REICHSKOMMISSARIAT «UKRAINE»." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 40 (2019): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.14.

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Agricultural research as a system of permanent research institutes for agricultural needs during the Second World War on the territory of Ukraine has proved to be a remarkable period in the study of the history of science. Within 6 years it changed its structure several times to meet the needs of the party that captured Ukrainian territories: in Western Ukraine from the Polish model to the Soviet one; under fascist occupation - to meet the needs of the Germans and Romanians; evacuation and re-evacuation, which also required reorganization, re-institutionalization of the institutions to new cli

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49

Heger, Martin. "BgHSt 20, 22 und die Neubürger-Klausel des deutschen Strafanwendungsrechts – ein deutsch-polnischer Fall schreibt Rechtsgeschichte bis heute." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 19, no. 2 (2020): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2020.19.02.08.

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In its judgment of the 4th September 1964 the German Federal Court of Justice had to deal with a German-Polish case of murder. The accused persons were members of the German minority in Poland and lived in the Western part of Poland, when German troops occupied that territory in the autumn of 1939. Short after the invasion they killed the members of a Jewish family living in the same territory. Both, the perpetrators as well as the victims were Polish nationals, when the crime was committed. The perpetrators have got the German nationality in the following. It is not clear, whether they have b

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50

Schumann, Abel. "Persistence of Population Shocks: Evidence from the Occupation of West Germany after World War II." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 3 (2014): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.3.189.

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In the immediate aftermath of World War II, millions of German expellees were resettled into the new borders of Germany, but not into the parts of Germany that were occupied by France. Using a spatial regression discontinuity framework, I estimate the persistence of the population shock over a 20-year-period. Between 1945 and 1950, the inflow of people increased the population in municipalities where expellees could settle by 21.6 percent. The difference in population levels is highly persistent and remained 17.8 percent in 1970. The results suggest that population patterns in the region that

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