Academic literature on the topic 'Occupied roof'
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Journal articles on the topic "Occupied roof"
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Zune, May, Lucelia Rodrigues, and Mark Gillott. "Thermal performance in single-zone occupied space ancient Myanmar multistage roof buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 032004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/3/032004.
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Eales, Tony, Catherine Westcott, Ian Lilley, Sean Ulm, Deborah Brian, and Chris Clarkson. "Roof Fall Cave, Cania Gorge: Site Report." Queensland Archaeological Research 11 (December 1, 1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.11.1999.85.
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This site report presents a description of archaeological investigations undertaken at Roof Fall Cave, an occupied rockshelter and art site located at Cania Gorge, eastern Central Queensland. Excavation yielded quantities of stone artefacts, bone and charcoal, along with some freshwater mussel shell and ochre with an occupational sequence spanning from up to 18,576 cal BP to the historical period. Roof Fall Cave is currently the oldest dated site in Cania Gorge and possibly in the Central Queensland region.
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Zune, May, Conrad Pantua, Lucelia Rodrigues, and Mark Gillott. "Ventilation performance of single zone occupied space in ancient Myanmar multistage roof buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 032011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/3/032011.
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Feinstein, Margarete Myers. "All Under One Roof: Persecutees, DPs, Expellees, and the Housing Shortage in Occupied Germany." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 32, no. 1 (2018): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcy010.
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Żołądek, Maciej, Krzysztof Sornek, Karolina Papis, Rafał Figaj, and Mariusz Filipowicz. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Photovoltaics System Improvements in Urban Area." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 4 (2018): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0047.
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Abstract Nowadays, photovoltaic systems installed in urban areas have to be an essential part of distributed generation systems, and lead to improve energy efficiency of buildings. The paper describes the operation aspects of the 7,5 kWp photovoltaic installation located on the roof of the didactic building of AGH University of Science and Technology. The significant part of the roof Is occupied by HVAC installation, so the periodic shading is occurring. It makes, that a level of energy generated in the PV system is lower than expected. The first part of the test was focused on the validating model of the installation and determine its impact on the CO2 emissions. Then, modifications in the arrangement of the panels were considered (redirecting of additional light stream). Moreover, an economic and environmental analysis of proposed improvements were conducted.
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Ma, Guang Ying, Yun Long Yao, and Yu Meng Dong. "Shape Determination of a New Double Inner and Outer Latticed Shell String Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.762.
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Double inner and outer latticed shell string structure is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a numerical algorithm was introduced and some suggestions for improvement were put forward. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Ma, Guang Ying, Yun Long Yao, and Yu Meng Dong. "Shape Determination of a New Double Inner and Outer Latticed Shell String Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.744.
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Double inner and outer latticed shell string structure is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a numerical algorithm was introduced and some suggestions for improvement were put forward. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Yao, Yun Long, and Guang Ying Ma. "Disscussions on Shape Determination of a New Space Beam-String-Structure with Outer Truss Torus." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.993.
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Space beam-string-structure with outer truss torus is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a simplified calculation method for initial prestress of ribbed grid space beam string structure were proposed when the cable curve equation was determined. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Ma, Guang Ying, Yun Long Yao, and De Sheng Zhang. "Static Behavior Analysis of a New Space Beam-String-Structure with Outer Truss Torus." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.331.
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The development and engineering applications of beam-string-structure are introduced and a new space beam-string-structure with outer truss torus is proposed. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material easily. Three types of annular tensile cable-truss structure were given. Sunflower-patterned space beam-string-structure was taken as an example and its static behavior under full-span load and half-span load was analyzed. The efect of prestress level on static behavior of the structure was studied. The results will provide a reference for a further design and project application of such structure.
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Stenson, Jason, Suzanne L. Ishaq, Aurélie Laguerre, et al. "Monitored Indoor Environmental Quality of a Mass Timber Office Building: A Case Study." Buildings 9, no. 6 (2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9060142.
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A broad range of building performance monitoring, sampling, and evaluation was conducted periodically after construction and spanning more than a year, for an occupied office building constructed using mass timber elements such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor and roof panels, as well as glue-laminated timber (GLT) beams and columns. This case study contributes research on monitoring indoor environmental quality in buildings, describing one of the few studies of an occupied mass timber building, and analyzing data in three areas that impact occupant experience: indoor air quality, bacterial community composition, and floor vibration. As a whole, the building was found to perform well. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde, were analyzed using multiple methods. Formaldehyde was found to be present in the building, though levels were below most recommended exposure limits. The source of formaldehyde was not able to be identified in this study. The richness of the bacterial community was affected by the height of sampling with respect to the floor, and richness and composition was affected by the location within the building. Floor vibration was observed to be below recognized human comfort thresholds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Occupied roof"
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Conner-Diven, Erin. "Architecture and Rehabilitation: How Architecture can be Rehabilitative for its Patients, for its City." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73781.
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This building serves as a rehabilitative center for patients in recovery from mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI). It is located on the Columbia Medical School and New York Presbyterian Hospital campus in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York City. The building is designed with three goals in mind: to provide a safe and healing environment tailored specifically to the needs of the patients; to provide a positive working environment for the doctors, nurses, and staff who care for the patients; to provide a space for the public to find healing of their own.
Patient rooms are broken up into three stages - dark, intermediate, and light - that encourage a slow and gentle reintroduction into the world. Staff areas are designed to allow in natural light, easy access to the outside, and privacy away from patients that allow the caregivers a space to recover and find moments of revitalization. The roof, open to the public, lifts upward toward the Hudson River and allows an unobstructed view of the Hudson River Greenway, the Hudson River, and Fort Lee, New Jersey. In a neighborhood of overworked doctors and staff, family members visiting sick loved ones, and residents of an urban environment this roof overlook provides a rehabilitating view of a rare natural environment.
The following words, sketches, and drawings attempt to convey the process, structure, and poetry of the building.<br>Master of Architecture
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Lingenfelder, Christian J. "The elephant in the room religious extremism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FLingenfelder.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Daniel Moran. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.85-91). Also available online.
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Bui, Rudy. "Towards a realistic estimation of the walls moisture buffering in an occupied room." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30245.
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De nos jours, l'humidité dans les bâtiments est une problématique majeure car elle impacte simultanément la consommation énergétique, le confort des occupants, ainsi que les risques de moisissures dans l'envelope du bâtiment. Les matériaux de construction ont la capacité d'absorber et de libérer de grandes quantités de vapeur d'eau et peuvent par conséquent amortir les variations d'humidité relative intérieure. Cette proporiété est appelée tampon hygrique. Elle est liée aux échanges de vapeur d'eau entre l'air intérieur et les parois, à la ventilation, et aux sources de vapeur. Cet effet a été précédemment mis en évidence à l'échelle du matériau et de la paroi par des expériences de laboratoire et des modèles numériques. Cependant, peu de modèles décrivent de manière réaliste les sources intérieures dues à la présence et aux activités des occupants. Dans ce travail, un modèle hygrothermique à l'échelle de la pièce a été développé en Python afin d'investiguer l'influence du scénario d'occupation, et l'impact du tampon hygrique des parois sur l'air intérieur. Ce modèle regroupe les transferts couplés d'énergie et de masse dans les parois, ainsi que les sources intérieures décrites par un système de conditionnement d'air et par la présence et les activités des occupants. Ce dernier étant modélisé de manière stochastique par un modèle implémenté dans une plateforme nommée No-MASS. Des indicateurs de performance sur les besoins énergétiques, le confort hygrique intérieur, et les risques liés aux moisissures dans les parois ont été définis pour quantifier la performance hygrothermique d'une pièce. La sensibilité des indicateurs de performance vis-à-vis du scénario d'occupation a été évaluée en simulant des scénarios stochastique, déterministe et constant. Les résultats ont montré une influence marginale du scénario à l'échelle de l'année. [...}<br>Humidity in buildings has nowadays become a major concern as it impacts simultaneously the energy consumption, the occupants' comfort and the moisture related risks in the buildings envelope. Buildings materials have the ability to absorb and release large amounts of moisture and therefore they may dampen the indoor relative humidity variations. This is called the moisture buffering capacity. It depends on the vapour exchanges between the air and the walls, the ventilation and the indoor moisture sources. This property was previously highlighted at material and wall scales through laboratory experiments and numerical models. However, few models describe the indoor sources due to the occupants' presence and activities in a realistic way. In this work, a hygrothermal room model was developed in Python to investigate the influence of the occupancy scenario and of the impact of the walls moisture buffering on indoor air balance. This model regroups the coupled heat and mass transfer in the walls, as well as the indoor sources depicted by the air-conditioning system and the occupants' presence and activities. The numerical modelling of the latter relies on a stochastic occupancy model implemented in a platform called No-MASS. Performance indicators on the energy demand, the indoor hygric comfort and the moisture related risks in the walls were defined to quantify the hygothermal performance of a room. The sensitivity of the performance indicators towards the occupancy scenario was assessed by simulating a stochastic occupancy scenario, a deterministic one and a constant one. Results showed a marginal influence of the scenario at year scale. However, at smaller time scales (seasonal or monthly), their impact on the indoor relative humidity dampening was not negligible, mainly due to the consideration of a seasonal effect for the stochastic scenario. [...]
Books on the topic "Occupied roof"
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Alan, Moore. Making Room: Cultural Production in Occupied Spaces. Other Forms, 2016.
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van der Hulst, Harry. Case studies of African tongue root systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813576.003.0008.
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This Chapter presents a variety of case studies of tongue root harmony in African languages. These case studies are arranged according to language family membership. The cases selected are those which have occupied a significant place in the theoretical literature. The objective is to demonstrate that the theory developed here can handle the cases that other theories have been built on: Niger-Congo (Yoruba), Nilo-Saharan (Maasai, Turkana), Afro-Asiatic (Somali, Kera) among many others. The RcvP model demonstrated that it can deal with all harmony patterns that were discussed, including most extra complications that individual systems exemplify.
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Krochmal, Robert. Nutritional Support and Addiction. Edited by Shahla J. Modir and George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0017.
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Nutrition occupies a central position in the treatment of SUDs. Given the paradox that food can have apparently opposing effects in either causing addiction or in influencing its remedy, it is important to clarify this difference. Evidence is mounting that diseases such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and mental health disorders including addiction have a common root cause related to the increase in sugar and processed food consumption rather than fat consumption as has been commonly held. In addition to new integrative approach models encompassing a holistic perspective, new developments in genetics and epigenetics as well as the human microbiome and gut-brain health provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which a healthy approach to nutrition can change outcomes. Building upon the neurobiological theory of addiction and reward deficiency, these breakthroughs lead to new hope for a successful approach to recovery.
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Perliger, Arie, and Ami Pedahzur. The Radical Right in Israel. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.33.
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In a landmark article, Sammy Smooha, a prominent scholar of Israel’s regime, argued that as an ethnic democracy, Israel was unlikely to witness the emergence of “European-style” radical right-wing populism. The gist of the argument was that in ethnic democracies the state already occupies the ideological spaces that radical right-wing parties fill in liberal democracies, leaving such ideologies no room to evolve. In contrast to Smooha, this chapter considers ethnic democracies as fertile grounds for the growth of radical right politics. It maintains that such regimes facilitate the entrenchment of radical-right sentiments within significant parts of the population and political system, and consequently further facilitate the radicalization of radical-right parties that seek to distinguish themselves from other political actors. The chapter tests this argument via an analysis of the various ideological pillars of the Israeli radical right.
Book chapters on the topic "Occupied roof"
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Horowitz, Jonathan Thompson. "The Right to Education in Occupied Territories: Making More Room for Human Rights in Occupation Law." In Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-763-0_7.
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Freebody, Jane. "“The Root of All Evil is Inactivity”: The Response of French Psychiatrists to New Approaches to Patient Work and Occupation, 1918–1939." In Mental Health in Historical Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69559-0_4.
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AbstractFocusing on the varied responses of French psychiatrists to new theories of occupational therapy emerging after World War I, this chapter argues that the voices of psychiatrists in favour of the new methods were “drowned out” by those who continued to interpret mental disorder in purely organic terms, by the desire of many French psychiatrists to enhance their “scientific” credentials through the use of biological treatments, by the reliance on the funds generated by traditional forms of patients work, and by a lack of skilled staff to supervise occupational therapy. As a result, patients in French asylums continued to remain idle or to be occupied with tasks designed to benefit the institution rather than the patient.
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Jacobs, Harriet. "XXI. The Loophole of Retreat." In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198709879.003.0022.
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A Small shed had been added to my grandmother’s house years ago. Some boards were laid across the joists at the top, and between these boards and the roof was a very small garret, never occupied by any thing but rats and mice....
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Fiedler, Lutz. "Introduction: Cohn-Bendit on the Roof in Gan Shmuel." In Matzpen. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451161.003.0001.
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The book opens with an Introduction that gives a tight description of the historical place Matzpen occupied in the Israel of the 1960s and 70s. Looking at Daniel Cohn-Bendit’s famous visit to Israel in the spring of 1970, the chapter offers an extensive interpretation of the Israeli debate that was triggered by the arrival of the leader of the European student revolt, but much more by his advocacy of the Israeli leftists of Matzpen. Taking this event as my departure point, an overview of Israeli society in the years following the Six-Day War is given, with an emphasis on three aspects that become relevant for the entire book: first, the return of the Palestine question with the beginning of the occupation, second, the place of Matzpen as a dissenting voice within Israeli society, and third, the continuing impact of Holocaust memory on political debates about the Israel-Palestine conflict. Only within this broader historical context is it possible to evaluate not only the significance of Matzpen in Israeli history but also the rejection the group encountered.
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Atkinson, Martin E. "The orbit." In Anatomy for Dental Students. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199234462.003.0039.
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Some knowledge of the anatomy of the orbit is required by dental students and practitioners because it forms the upper part of the facial skeleton and some of the nerves and vessels supplying dental structures pass through it. Trauma to the middle third of the face, the upper facial skeleton, frequently involves the orbits and the structures they contain. Infections of the oral region occasionally spread to the orbit. In the following description, the emphasis is on those aspects of orbital anatomy of dental relevance; no description of the structure of the eyeball or the mechanisms of vision is included. The orbital cavities contain the eyeballs (globes), their associated muscles, vessels, nerves, the lacrimal apparatus, and a large amount of fat to cushion and protect the globes. Each cavity is pyramidal in shape. The base is the orbital opening on to the face; the roof, floor, and medial and lateral walls converge to the apex at the posterior aspect of the orbit. The long axis of the orbit from apex to surface runs forwards and laterally. The bones that form the orbit are illustrated in Figure 30.1 ; use the figure and a dried or model skull if possible as you read the following description. Most of the roof of the orbit is formed by the inferior surface of the orbital part of the frontal bone with a small posterior contribution from the lesser wing of the sphenoid ; this is pierced by the optic canal through which the optic nerve exits the orbit. The lateral wall is formed by the orbital surfaces of the zygomatic bone anteriorly and the greater wing of the sphenoid posteriorly. It separates the orbital cavity from the infratemporal fossa anteriorly and from the middle cranial fossa posteriorly. The floor of the orbit is occupied by the thin plate of bone forming the upper surface of the body of the maxilla ; this plate of bone is also the roof of the maxillary paranasal air sinus over most of its extent although the palatine bone forms a minute triangular area at the posteromedial corner.
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Trollope, Anthony. "Chapter 15 paramount crescent." In Can You Forgive Her? Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199578177.003.0017.
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Lady Macleod lived at No. 3, Paramount Crescent, in Cheltenham, where she occupied a very handsome first-floor drawing-room, with a bedroom behind it, looking over a stable-yard, and a small room which would have been the dressing-room had the late Sir Archibald been alive,...
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Perkins, John H. "Wheat, People, and Plant Breeding." In Geopolitics and the Green Revolution. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195110135.003.0005.
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Selecting improved varieties of wheat from among existing wheat plants is an ancient art that dates back thousands of years. In contrast, the deliberate generation of new varieties by controlled breeding is more recent. Wheat breeding developed from an arcane art practiced only by a few isolated individuals into a global community of professional scientists in the period from about the mid-eighteenth century to about 1925, but especially from about 1875 to 1925. Wheat improvement, however, ultimately involved more than just finding or creating varieties with greater utility. A relationship between people and wheat developed over the millennia that increasingly left both species in a state of ever higher mutual dependency. Put another way, wheat and people coevolved in ways that left neither much ability to prosper without the other. Professional wheat breeders occupied a pivotal role in this ongoing coevolutionary process, especially after the nineteenth century. An understanding of wheat breeding thus depends upon understanding how wheat and people “grew up together.” Wheat in everyday English designates a particular grassy plant that produces a starchy grain or seed. Most people think of wheat primarily in terms of this grain, which is used to make bread, cookies (biscuits), pastries, and pasta. Consumers easily distinguish between wheat and other grains such as rice, oats, maize, rye, and barley as they appear in manufactured products or as ready-to-consume grain in food stores. In contrast to their savvy as consumers, most urban dwellers probably could not differentiate between these grains in the farmer's field, particularly between wheat, rye, and barley. Nor could they necessarily give a good explanation of why wheat is particularly suitable for the products in which it is used. Moreover, they probably would be unfamiliar with other uses of wheat, such as using the grain for feed or the straw for fodder and roof thatching. Finally, in all likelihood these consumers would be hard-pressed to give details about the quantities of grain that can be obtained per hectare per year or much about how yields have increased in recent decades. In short, most consumers know and appreciate wheat but only on rather narrow and unsophisticated grounds.
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Austen, Jane. "Chapter X." In Emma. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199535521.003.0031.
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The appearance of the little sitting-room as they entered, was tranquillity itself; Mrs. Bates, deprived of her usual employment, slumbering on one side of the fire, Frank Churchill, at a table near her, most deedily* occupied about her spectacles, and Jane Fairfax,...
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Collins, Wilkie. "Chapter XVII Near It." In Man and Wife. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538171.003.0026.
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The Library, at Windygates, was the largest and the handsomest room in the house. The two grand divisions under which Literature is usually arranged in these days, occupied the customary places in it. On the shelves which ran round the walls, were the books...
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Braddon, Mary Elizabeth. "Chapter XVII At the Castle Inn." In Lady Audley’s Secret. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199577033.003.0019.
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The little sitting-room into which Phœbe Marks ushered the baronet’s nephew was situated on the ground floor, and only separated by a lath-and-plaster partition from the little bar-parlour occupied by the innkeeper and his wife. It seemed as though the wise architect who had superintended...
Conference papers on the topic "Occupied roof"
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Carolan, Michael, Michelle Muhlanger, Benjamin Perlman, and David Tyrell. "Occupied Volume Integrity Testing: Elastic Test Results and Analyses." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67010.
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The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Volpe Center have been conducting research into developing an alternative method of demonstrating the occupied volume integrity (OVI) of passenger rail equipment through a combination of testing and analysis. This research has been performed as a part of FRA Office of Research and Development’s Railroad Safety Research and Development program, which provides technical data to support safety rulemaking and enforcement programs of the FRA Office of Railroad Safety. Previous works have been published on a series of full-scale, quasi-static tests intended to examine the load path through the occupant volume of conventional passenger cars retrofitted with crash energy management (CEM) systems. This paper reports on the most recent testing and analysis results. Before performing any tests of proposed alternative loading techniques, an elastic test of the passenger car under study was conducted. The elastic test served both to aid in validating the finite element (FE) model and to verify the suitability of the test car to further loading. In January, 2011, an 800,000 pound conventional buff strength test was performed on Budd Pioneer 244. This test featured arrays of vertical, lateral, and longitudinal displacement transducers to better distinguish between the deformation modes and rigid body motions of the passenger car. Pre-test car repairs included straightening a dent in one side sill and installing patches over cracks found in the side sills. Additionally, lateral restraints were added to the test frame due to concerns in previous tests associated with lateral shift in the frame. As a part of this testing program, a future test of a passenger car is planned to examine an alternative load path through the occupied volume. In the case of Pioneer 244, this load path places load on the floor and roof energy absorber support structures. Loading the occupant volume in this manner more closely simulates the loading the car would experience during a collision. FE analysis was used in conjunction with full-scale testing in this research effort. An FE model of the Pioneer car was constructed and the 800-kip test was analyzed. The 800-kip test results were then compared to the analysis results and the model was adjusted post-test so that satisfactory agreement was reached between the test and the model. In particular, the boundary conditions at the loading and reaction locations required careful attention to appropriately simulate the support conditions in the test. Because the 800-kip load was applied at the line of draft, this test results in significant bending as well as axial load on the car. To ensure that both the axial and bending behaviors are captured in the model, the key results that were compared between test and model are the longitudinal force-displacement behavior and the vertical deflections at various points along the car. The post-test model exhibited good agreement with the compared test results. The validated model will be used to examine the behavior of the occupant volume when loaded along the alternative load path.
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Paver, Jacqueline G., Justin Caplinger, Garrett Mattos, and Donald Friedman. "An Improved Dummy Neck Assembly for Dynamic Rollover Testing." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19656.
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In the U.S., more than 27,000 catastrophic and fatal injuries occur annually in rollover crashes. Due to the incidence and severity of injuries in rollover crashes, a strategy for injury mitigation is dynamic compliance testing with dummy-occupied vehicles and occupant protection requirements, similar to that required for frontal and side impacts. Presently, there are dynamic vehicle rollover test devices like the Controlled Rollover Impact System and the Jordan Rollover System that realistically recreate real-world rollover crash scenarios. However, the Hybrid III dummy, which is considered to be the best available human surrogate for dynamic rollover tests, has a very stiff neck with limited biofidelity in rollover crashes; the Hybrid III neck is much stiffer than the human neck. Catastrophic human head or neck injuries resulting from roof interaction and partial ejection in real-world rollover crashes are poorly replicated by dynamic rollover tests with the non-biofidelic Hybrid III dummy neck. Only with a more biofidelic dummy can effective testing result in injury mitigation in rollover crashes. This study is part of an ongoing research project aimed at mitigating catastrophic human neck injuries in real-world rollover crashes. The goal was to develop a biofidelic neck assembly for the Hybrid III dummy in rollover crash environments. The design goals of this prototype neck included decreased stiffness and a mechanism that represents the unknowable human muscle tension in rollover crash environments. This paper and its companion paper in this conference introduce the new neck design, present results of matched-pair tests that compare the responses of the new neck with the production Hybrid III neck, and propose preliminary rollover injury criteria for this neck. The neck demonstrates repeatability, improved biofidelity, which results in more realistic occupant kinematics, dynamics, injury prediction, and evaluation of various countermeasures.
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Del Rey, Miguel, Antonio Gallud, and Silvia Bronchales. "Una torre en la muralla de Biar. Consolidación y recuperación de una imagen urbana." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11353.
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A tower in the wall of Biar. Consolidation and recovery of an urban imageThe wall of Biar goes around the historical part of the city and connects it with the castle at the top of the hill. This urban wall was comprised by the city wall and a walk wall, which were protected by a battlement and a series of towers. Currently, the urban wall has been swallowed by changes in the area. Internal edifications to the city wall have progressively taken over the wall and, in its outside part, an area as wide as the towers has been occupied, which has eventually set up the front part of Torreta street. The Tower of Jesus is part of this defensive set that nowadays is almost invisible. Before its restoration, the tower was in an unfortunate state of abandonment and deterioration. Large cracks in its masonry warned of its immediate collapse. After its defensive use, it was transformed and joined to more modern neighboring buildings. Removed walls, deformed gaps and variations in the roof concealed its past as it went unnoticed and passed as another house on the street. Only the traces in its walls exposed its history. The intervention process for its recovery began with a thorough, formal, dimensional and technical study, to subsequently propose its restoration and the choice of contiguous elements that had to be eliminated to show a recognizable set. Also, a new way of walking and using it was put forward. During the intervention, several objectives were considered. In addition to the most obvious ones, such as the structural consolidation that would prevent its eventual collapse, recovering its historical image and showing the key facts that would lead to interpreting its past and discovering its secrets. Besides describing in detail the restoration process in its entirety, this text aims to present the issues that were raised during the intervention and to consider those reasons behind all the decisions that were made.
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Widiastuti, Ratih, Juliana Zaini, Wahyu Caesarendra, Dina Shona Laila, and Jundika Candra Kurnia. "Prediction on the Indoor Thermal Comfort of Occupied Room Based on IoT Climate Measurement Open Datasets." In 2020 International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimcis51567.2020.9354277.
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Ho, Son H., Luis Rosario, and Muhammad M. Rahman. "Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Contaminant Removal in an Office Room With Underfloor Air Distribution System." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72437.
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The study of human thermal comfort requires detailed information about distributions of air velocity, air temperature and relative humidity in an occupied zone. Air quality is related to the contaminant distributions and contaminant removal effectiveness in indoor environment. This paper presents an evaluation of thermal comfort and contaminant removal for an office setting with underfloor air distribution system by the use of computational fluid dynamics modeling. A typical single cubicle in a large office floor in steady state condition of airflow as well as heat and mass transfer is investigated for both cooling and heating scenarios. The model includes a typical cubicle in a large office floor with a chair, a desk with a personal computer on its top, and heat sources such as seated people, computer monitor and CPU, and lights. Air enters the occupied zone through an inlet located at the floor level supplying a vertical upward inflow. Five different locations of the inlet diffuser, three different inlet air speeds, and four different loads of heat loss through the floor slab in heating case scenario were considered. Distributions of velocity, temperature, relative humidity, and contaminant concentration in such cases were computed. The results were compared among various simulation cases and showed reasonable agreement with experimental data taken from related literature.
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Tripathi, B., R. C. Arora, and S. G. Moulic. "Effect of Buoyancy on Room Air Flow." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56878.
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Thermal comfort and ventilation needs of spaces are met by supplying “conditioned” air, which is a blend of outdoor and recirculated air that has been filtered, heated or cooled, and sometimes humidified or dehumidified. Comfort conditions in air-conditioned rooms require that temperature in the occupied zone should not vary by more than 1°C and velocity, every where in the room, should be less than 0.15 m/s so that occupants do not feel draft. Recent developments in providing effective insulation and making leak tight building shell have considerably reduced the cooling load requirements and the supply airflow rates. Obtaining uniform temperature distribution with reduced air volume flow rates requires careful design of air distribution system. This study aims to find velocity and temperature distribution in the room towards this end. Coanda effect, effect of buoyancy and wall boundary layers has been observed in this investigation. The Coanda effect is observed in all the cases of laminar flow. Cold fluid enters in the room near the ceiling, the flow attaches with the ceiling, comes down along the right wall and goes out from outlet.
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Kennett, Ryan, Yunho Hwang, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Evaluation of an Extended-Duct Air Delivery System in Tall Spaces Conditioned by Rooftop Units." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65523.
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Mixing ventilation in high bay buildings conditioned by rooftop units involves supplying and returning air near the ceiling. Several problems occur in tall spaces, such as higher return air temperatures in the summer and excessive stratification in the winter. A novel air delivery strategy is investigated that involves supplying and returning air at different heights depending on the season. In the summer, air is supplied low and returned just above the occupied zone in order to cool the occupied zone directly, letting the upper zone stratify. In the winter, air is supplied high and returned low in order to draw warm air down from the ceiling, thus promoting destratification. This system’s performance was investigated in a full-scale experiment using measured temperature profiles and utility bills. A calibrated EnergyPlus model used measured temperature profiles as an input to a room-air model to study the effects of stratification on building energy consumption. The EnergyPlus model predicts 19% yearly HVAC electricity savings when considering the additional pressure drop of extended ducting and 37% yearly HVAC electricity savings without considering extra pressure drop. A utility bill analysis of the test facility shows a yearly 28.8% reduction in HVAC electricity consumption.
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Tuan, Nguyen Anh, and K. D. Huang. "Evaluating Thermal Environments by Using an Air-Conditioning Energy-Saving Mechanism." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85366.
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In a highly developed living, people are always looking for a comfortable indoor environment with minimum energy use. Individual air-conditioning system (IACS) can create an individual thermal environment control in a workroom which can contribute to save air-conditioning energy. In this study, we analyze the airflow circulation cell of the IACS with varied outlet port opening and outlet port position dimensions using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. We created an IACS, two workstations, lightings, and a cabinet in a 3-dimensional room. The fluid was assumed to be Newtonian, unsteady, and incompressible. A Bossinesq approximation was determined in order to consider the buoyancy effect. We examined the effects of the outlet port opening and outlet port position on airflow circulation establishing process. Air temperatures along the various midline of the occupied zone were predicted and compared for a range of outlet port opening and outlet port position by using non-dimensional form. We also showed the occupied zone temperature at various planes in the workroom. Results will indicate the suitable outlet port opening and outlet port position for maintaining individual satisfied occupants’ requirements and improving energy saving potential.
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Silva Junior, Anastacio, Nathan Mendes, Rogério Vilain, Marcelo Pereira, and Katia Cordeiro Mendonça. "On the Development of a Thermal Comfort Control for Classrooms Conditioned by Split-Type Systems." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11426.
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Abstract Thermal comfort conditions may vary substantially within an air-conditioned room equipped by split-type systems. In this work, the comfort conditions in a classroom were evaluated experimentally based on the PMV index, according to ISO 7730 Standard that defines the thermal satisfaction in occupied environments. The experiment was carried out at three different supply airflows (high, medium and low) and three set-point temperatures (23, 24 and 25°C). The results showed that there is a considerable variation in the air velocity field in the room as well as in the PMV values for three different supply airflows, consequently significant changes of thermal comfort indices can be noticed. Several curves were adjusted aiming to express the values of PMV, deriving a simplified comfort index for rooms conditioned by split-type systems based on dry-bulb air temperature and air speed. The purpose of this adjustment is to obtain an equation that provides the value of the comfort index for cooling purposes. Thus, for a certain condition of use, one can predict what will be the value of PMV in an occupied environment, enabling the implementation of a control system of the comfort according to this new index (ICS). The variables considered in obtaining the curve were the air temperature (Tar) and the air velocity (Var), since these two variables can be controlled directly by the split-type system. The general purpose of this work is to provide experimental data for the development of a low-cost device to automatically control ICS-based thermal comfort in a space conditioned by a split-type system through a single and representative point within the classroom.
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Darnall, Nathan D., Vinay Mishra, Sankar Jayaram, and Uma Jayaram. "VR-SMART: A Virtual Reality System for Smart Home Environments." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48585.
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Virtual reality (VR) technologies and systems have the potential to play a key role in assisting disabled inhabitants of smart home environments with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). While immersive environments have useful applications in the fields of gaming, simulation, and manufacturing, their capabilities have been largely untapped in smart home environments. We have developed an integrated CAD and virtual reality system which assists a smart home resident in locating and navigating to objects in the home. Using the methods presented in this paper, a room modeled in a CAD system is imported into a virtual environment, which is linked to an audio query-response interface. The user’s head and room objects are fitted with the sensors which are part of a six DOF motion tracking system. Methods have been created to allow the inhabitant to move objects around in the room and then later issue an audio query for the location of the object. The system generates an audio response with the object’s position relative to the person’s current position and orientation. As he approaches the object, information is derived from the virtual models of both the room and the objects within the room to provide better guidance. The ability of the VR-SMART system to guide a resident to an object was tested by mounting a head mounted display (HMD) on a user located in a room. This allowed the user to navigate through the virtual world that simulated the room he occupied, thereby providing a way to test the positional accuracy of the virtual system. Results of the testing in the immersive environment showed that although the overall system shows promise at a 30% success rate, the success of the system depends on the accuracy and calibration of the tracking system. In order to improve the success of the system, we explored the precision of a second motion capture system, with more accurate results. Results confirmed that the VR-SMART system could significantly improve the assistance of disabled people in finding objects easily in the room when implemented only as an assistive system without the head-mounted display.