To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Occupied roof.
Journal articles on the topic 'Occupied roof'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Occupied roof.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zune, May, Lucelia Rodrigues, and Mark Gillott. "Thermal performance in single-zone occupied space ancient Myanmar multistage roof buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 032004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/3/032004.
Full text
2
Eales, Tony, Catherine Westcott, Ian Lilley, Sean Ulm, Deborah Brian, and Chris Clarkson. "Roof Fall Cave, Cania Gorge: Site Report." Queensland Archaeological Research 11 (December 1, 1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.11.1999.85.
Full textAbstract:
This site report presents a description of archaeological investigations undertaken at Roof Fall Cave, an occupied rockshelter and art site located at Cania Gorge, eastern Central Queensland. Excavation yielded quantities of stone artefacts, bone and charcoal, along with some freshwater mussel shell and ochre with an occupational sequence spanning from up to 18,576 cal BP to the historical period. Roof Fall Cave is currently the oldest dated site in Cania Gorge and possibly in the Central Queensland region.
3
Zune, May, Conrad Pantua, Lucelia Rodrigues, and Mark Gillott. "Ventilation performance of single zone occupied space in ancient Myanmar multistage roof buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 609 (October 23, 2019): 032011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/609/3/032011.
Full text
4
Feinstein, Margarete Myers. "All Under One Roof: Persecutees, DPs, Expellees, and the Housing Shortage in Occupied Germany." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 32, no. 1 (2018): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcy010.
Full text
5
Żołądek, Maciej, Krzysztof Sornek, Karolina Papis, Rafał Figaj, and Mariusz Filipowicz. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Photovoltaics System Improvements in Urban Area." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 4 (2018): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0047.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nowadays, photovoltaic systems installed in urban areas have to be an essential part of distributed generation systems, and lead to improve energy efficiency of buildings. The paper describes the operation aspects of the 7,5 kWp photovoltaic installation located on the roof of the didactic building of AGH University of Science and Technology. The significant part of the roof Is occupied by HVAC installation, so the periodic shading is occurring. It makes, that a level of energy generated in the PV system is lower than expected. The first part of the test was focused on the validating model of the installation and determine its impact on the CO2 emissions. Then, modifications in the arrangement of the panels were considered (redirecting of additional light stream). Moreover, an economic and environmental analysis of proposed improvements were conducted.
6
Ma, Guang Ying, Yun Long Yao, and Yu Meng Dong. "Shape Determination of a New Double Inner and Outer Latticed Shell String Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 762–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.762.
Full textAbstract:
Double inner and outer latticed shell string structure is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a numerical algorithm was introduced and some suggestions for improvement were put forward. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.
7
Ma, Guang Ying, Yun Long Yao, and Yu Meng Dong. "Shape Determination of a New Double Inner and Outer Latticed Shell String Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.744.
Full textAbstract:
Double inner and outer latticed shell string structure is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a numerical algorithm was introduced and some suggestions for improvement were put forward. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.
8
Yao, Yun Long, and Guang Ying Ma. "Disscussions on Shape Determination of a New Space Beam-String-Structure with Outer Truss Torus." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.993.
Full textAbstract:
Space beam-string-structure with outer truss torus is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a simplified calculation method for initial prestress of ribbed grid space beam string structure were proposed when the cable curve equation was determined. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.
9
Ma, Guang Ying, Yun Long Yao, and De Sheng Zhang. "Static Behavior Analysis of a New Space Beam-String-Structure with Outer Truss Torus." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.331.
Full textAbstract:
The development and engineering applications of beam-string-structure are introduced and a new space beam-string-structure with outer truss torus is proposed. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material easily. Three types of annular tensile cable-truss structure were given. Sunflower-patterned space beam-string-structure was taken as an example and its static behavior under full-span load and half-span load was analyzed. The efect of prestress level on static behavior of the structure was studied. The results will provide a reference for a further design and project application of such structure.
10
Stenson, Jason, Suzanne L. Ishaq, Aurélie Laguerre, et al. "Monitored Indoor Environmental Quality of a Mass Timber Office Building: A Case Study." Buildings 9, no. 6 (2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9060142.
Full textAbstract:
A broad range of building performance monitoring, sampling, and evaluation was conducted periodically after construction and spanning more than a year, for an occupied office building constructed using mass timber elements such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor and roof panels, as well as glue-laminated timber (GLT) beams and columns. This case study contributes research on monitoring indoor environmental quality in buildings, describing one of the few studies of an occupied mass timber building, and analyzing data in three areas that impact occupant experience: indoor air quality, bacterial community composition, and floor vibration. As a whole, the building was found to perform well. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde, were analyzed using multiple methods. Formaldehyde was found to be present in the building, though levels were below most recommended exposure limits. The source of formaldehyde was not able to be identified in this study. The richness of the bacterial community was affected by the height of sampling with respect to the floor, and richness and composition was affected by the location within the building. Floor vibration was observed to be below recognized human comfort thresholds.
11
Larson, Peter S., Carina Gronlund, Lyke Thompson, et al. "Recurrent Home Flooding in Detroit, MI 2012–2020: Results of a Household Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147659.
Full textAbstract:
Household flooding has wide ranging social, economic and public health impacts particularly for people in resource poor communities. The determinants and public health outcomes of recurrent home flooding in urban contexts, however, are not well understood. A household survey was used to assess neighborhood and household level determinants of recurrent home flooding in Detroit, MI. Survey activities were conducted from 2012 to 2020. Researchers collected information on past flooding, housing conditions and public health outcomes. Using the locations of homes, a “hot spot” analysis of flooding was performed to find areas of high and low risk. Survey data were linked to environmental and neighborhood data and associations were tested using regression methods. 4803 households participated in the survey. Flooding information was available for 3842 homes. Among these, 2085 (54.26%) reported experiencing pluvial flooding. Rental occupied units were more likely to report flooding than owner occupied homes (Odd ratio (OR) 1.72 [95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.49, 1.98]). Housing conditions such as poor roof quality and cracks in basement walls influenced home flooding risk. Homes located in census tracts with increased percentages of owner occupied units (vs. rentals) had a lower odds of flooding (OR 0.92 [95% (CI) 0.86, 0.98]). Household factors were found the be more predictive of flooding than neighborhood factors in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Flooding and housing conditions associated with home flooding were associated with asthma cases. Recurrent home flooding is far more prevalent than previously thought. Programs that support recovery and which focus on home improvement to prevent flooding, particularly by landlords, might benefit the public health. These results draw awareness and urgency to problems of urban flooding and public health in other areas of the country confronting the compounding challenges of aging infrastructure, disinvestment and climate change.
12
Paterson, Scott R., T. Kenneth Fowler, and Robert B. Miller. "Pluton emplacement in arcs: a crustal-scale exchange process." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, no. 1-2 (1996): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006532.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT:Buddington (1959) pointed out that the construction of large crustal magma chambers involves complex internal processes as well as multiple country rock material transfer processes (MTPs), which reflect large horizontal, vertical and temporal gradients in physical conditions. Thus, we have attempted to determine the relative importance of different magmatic and country rock MTPs at various crustal depths, and whether country rock MTPs largely transport material vertically or horizontally, rather than seeking a single model of magma ascent and emplacement.Partially preserved roofs of nine plutons and in some cases roof–wall transitions with roof emplacement depths of 1·5–11 km were mapped. During emplacement, these roofs were not deformed in a ductile manner, detached or extended by faults, or significantly uplifted. Instead, sharp, irregular, discordant contacts are the rule with stoped blocks often preserved immediately below the roof, even at depths of 10 km. The upper portions of these magma chambers are varied, sometimes preserving the crests of more evolved magmas or local zones of volatile-rich phases and complex zones of dyking and magma mingling. Magmatic structures near roofs display a wide variety of patterns and generally formed after emplacement. Transitions from gently dipping roofs to steep walls are abrupt. At shallow crustal levels, steep wall contacts have sharp, discordant, stepped patterns with locally preserved stoped blocks indicating that the chamber grew sideways in part by stoping. Around deeper plutons, an abrupt transition (sometimes within hundreds of metres) occurs in the country rock from discordant, brittle roofs to moderately concordant, walls deformed in a ductile manner defining narrow structural aureoles. Brittle or ductile faults are not present at roof–wall joins.Near steep wall contacts at shallow to mid-crustal depths (5–15 km), vertical and horizontal deflections of pre-emplacement markers (e.g. bedding, faults, dykes), and ductile strains in narrow aureoles (0·1–0·3 body radii) give a complete range of bulk strain values that account for 0–100% of the needed space, but average around 30%, or less, particularly for larger batholiths. A lack of far-field deflection of these same markers rules out significant horizontal displacement outside the aureoles and requires that any near-field lateral shortening is accommodated by vertical flow. Lateral variations from ductile (inner aureole) to brittle (outer aureole) MTPs are typically observed. Compositional zoning is widespread within these magma bodies and is thought to represent separately evolved pulses that travelled up the same magma plumbing system. Magmatic foliations and lineations commonly cross-cut contacts between pulses and reflect the strain caused either by the late flow of melt or regional deformation.Country rocks near the few examined mid- to deep crustal walls (10–30 km) are extensively deformed, with both discordant and concordant contacts present; however, the distinction between regional and emplacement-related deformation is less clear than for shallower plutons. Internal sheeting is more common, although elliptical masses are present. Lateral compositional variations are as large as vertical variations at shallower depths and occur over shorter distances. Magmatic foliations and lineations often reflect regional deformation rather than emplacement processes.The lack of evidence for horizontal displacement outside the narrow, shallow to mid-crustal aureoles and the lack of lateral or upwards displacement of pluton roofs indicate that during emplacement most country rock is transported downwards in the region now occupied by the magma body and its aureole. The internal sheeting and zoning indicate that during the downwards flow of country rock, multiple pulses of magma travelled up the same magma system. If these relationships are widespread in arcs, magma emplacement is the driving mechanism for a huge crustal-scale exchange process.
13
Haładaj, Robert, Michał Polguj, Andrzej Żytkowski, Mirosław Topol, and Grzegorz Wysiadecki. "Bilateral Extensive Ossification of the Posterior Petroclinoid Ligament: An Anatomical Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 80, no. 02 (2018): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666782.
Full textAbstract:
Background The posterior petroclinoid dural fold (commonly referred to as a ligament) forms the roof of the trigeminal porus and the roof of the petroclival venous confluence. It lies in close proximity to the oculomotor nerve that crosses it. Due to the low availability of research material, only a few cadaveric studies have been conducted on the microsurgical anatomy of the petroclinoid ligament in cases of its ossification. Thus our report complements earlier studies and provides detailed data on the spatial relationships between the ossified posterior petroclinoid ligament and the trigeminal, oculomotor, and abducens nerves, with special attention to the topographical relationships within the petroclival venous confluence and Dorello's canal. Case Description Bilateral massive ossification of the posterior petroclinoid ligament was observed during the dissection of a 76-year-old female cadaver. The presence of an osseous bridge over the trigeminal notch was also detected on the left side. No narrowing of the space occupied by the petroclival venous confluence was observed. However, the dural sheath of the oculomotor nerve was fixed much more than usual. Conclusions Because the ossification of the posterior petroclinoid ligament may be considered a factor influencing diagnostic and surgical procedures, neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists should be aware of this variation. Ossification of the posterior petroclinoid ligament may also potentially result in greater susceptibility of the oculomotor nerve to injury.
14
Akbari, Hashem, Chiara Lodi, Alberto Muscio, and Paolo Tartarini. "Analysis of a New Index for the Thermal Performance of Horizontal Opaque Building Components in Summer." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070862.
Full textAbstract:
The summer behavior of an opaque building component subjected to the solar cycle depends on the combination of its thermal insulation, inertia, and solar reflectance. To rate the component dynamic behavior while an air conditioning system ensures a steady indoor temperature, a ‘solar transmittance index’ (STI) has been proposed. This is a component-based index calculated from a ‘solar transmittance factor’ (STF). STI takes into account the radiative properties at the outer surface and the thermophysical properties and layer structure of the materials beneath. It correlates the peak heat flux and temperature at the inner surface, relevant to cooling energy and thermal comfort, to the peak solar irradiance. Similar to the well-known ‘solar reflectance index’, STI is determined comparing the STF with two reference values, corresponding to a performance relatively low and very high, respectively. Thanks to its simplicity, the approach may allow defining easy to apply requirements to prevent building overheating, improve indoor comfort, reduce cooling energy demand, and mitigate some fallouts of the urban heat island effect. In this work, focused on roofs above occupied attics, peak heat flux and ceiling temperature are calculated by numerical simulation and compared with STF values for a wide range of roof types.
15
Noriko, Nishino. "An Introduction to Dr. Nishimura Masanari’s Research on the Lung Khe Citadel." Asian Review of World Histories 5, no. 2 (2017): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper introduces Nishimura Masanari’s research on the Lung Khe Citadel, which was built in the second century ce and continuously occupied until the end of the fifth or early sixth century. Nishimura explored four main topics. First, based on the large-scale bronze workshop in the citadel, he argued that the casting of the bronze drum there had a political purpose. Second, he proved that the Lung Khe Citadel was Long Bien, not Luy Lau. Third, he discovered several types of artifacts, including a table-shaped stone mortar (pesani) and kendi that show cultural affinity with artifacts found in Tra Kieu and Oc Eo. Hence, the cross-regional Nanhai trade and political power at Lung Khe might have reciprocally stimulated each other. Finally, Nishimura advanced the far-reaching hypothesis that the prosperity of Chinese Buddhism might have stemmed from the Lung Khe area, on the basis of his study of roof tile ends with mask or lotus petal motifs.
16
Aibabin, Aleksandr I., and Elzara A. Khairedinova. "Quarter Churches of the Mediaeval Town atop Eski-Kermen Plateau." Античная древность и средние века 48 (2020): 310–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2020.48.020.
Full textAbstract:
In the late sixth century AD, the Byzantines established a fort atop the plateau of Eski-Kermen. From the tenth to twelfth century, this structure developed into a small mediaeval town. Almost all the territory of the southern half of the plateau was occupied by a few rectangular quarters each comprising several houses. The excavations of the quarters in question unearthed four small aisleless churches of two types: I – with a rectangular hall and an apse, II – with a narthex attached to the naos with an apse. According to stratigraphic observations, the quarter churches in question were built in the tenth and eleventh century following the re-planning of many town quarters. The architectural appearance of the quarter churches of type I is reconstructed by a small model of a church carved from limestone. The churches were small buildings of rectangular ground-plan, covered with a gable roof and having a protruding semicircular apse with a vaulted roof. The roofs were covered with tiles. The walls were plastered inside; in some churches, they were additionally covered with polychrome fresco paintings. According to the proportions of the model, the height of the gable-roofed church equalled to the building length without the apse, i. e. around five meters. The ground plan, dimensions, and proportions of the church of type II are similar to those of the arcosolia church, which L. G. Kolesnikova excavated in 1963–1965 in the port area of Chersonese. From the tenth to twelfth century, aisleless churches spread through the entire area of Byzantium. According to V. M. Polevoi, wide distribution of the single type of churches from the tenth to twelfth century testifies to the development of “folk architecture.” The archaeological excavations at Eski-Kermen plateau revealed a re-planning of all the urban quarters which started from the late ninth century with the aim of the construction of quarter churches to be owned by a single family or clan. This process testifies to the strengthening of the Church’s positions even in small towns located on the imperial borderland.
17
Bouhaki, L., R. Saadani, R. Agounoun, K. Sbai, and M. Rahmoune. "Experimental study and modeling of three grid-connected photovoltaic technologies of Meknes City." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (2018): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp390-396.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most promising renewable energy source in Morocco due to its abundant solar irradiation. The Moroccan government has launched various renewable energy programs to encourage the use of PV systems. In this work we present a comparative study in terms of energy produced and the efficiency of a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system installed on the roof of the building occupied by the “Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Meknes” (ESTM). The on-grid connected photovoltaic system has a total power of 5860 Watts (Wp). This system provides an average daily reduction of 30 kWh in the consumption of electrical energy at ESTM facilities; this will allow us to save fossil fuels and reduce emissions of greenhouse gas. The average annual production of electric power is estimated at 10.5 MWh, equivalent to burning 0.9 tons of oil, which will prevent the emission of about 2 tons / year of CO2 in the atmosphere. Three different commercial solar modules, manufactured with different materials and technologies in monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon were tested.
18
Dec-Pustelnik, Sylwia. "Kobieta na dachu świata, czyli kilka słów o historii oraz wizerunku medialnym Wandy Rutkiewicz." Dziennikarstwo i Media 10 (September 11, 2019): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2082-8322.10.2.
Full textAbstract:
A woman on the roof of the world or on Wanda Rutkiewicz’s story and media imageThe story of Wanda Rutkiewicz is extraordinary for several reasons. It is a story of a woman for whom her passion was the most important thing in life. She subordinated all her life to this passion — the mountains. In order to reach the summits she desired, she had to battle not only her own weaknesses, fear or power of nature, but also common beliefs which stereotypically defined the role of women in society. Women who, through climbing, “ventured” into the territories usually occupied by men often provoked feelings of misunderstanding, reluctance, irritation and even opposition among the public at large, especially men. However, Rutkiewicz went beyond many widely-held beliefs. Her independence, skills and conscious creation of her own image also thanks to her skilful use of the media’s interest were admirable. Although her journey ended tragically, through her activities in the high mountains she made history of not just Polish mountaineering but also women’s mountaineering.
19
Wang, Gang, Mingsheng Liu, Yujie Cui, and David Yuill. "Retrofit Constant Speed Fan Laboratory Exhaust Systems Using Multi-Stack and Variable Frequency Drive Techniques." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 1 (2004): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1637641.
Full textAbstract:
Constant speed fan exhaust systems are the most popular exhaust system in laboratory buildings since they satisfy building architectural requirement, and have low initial costs with reliable performance. The constant speed fan exhaust system maintains constant stack exit velocity to prevent toxic exhaust air downwash back to occupied areas near the building or on the roof top. To achieve constant velocity when the exhaust airflow is less than the design value, makeup air is introduced to the system at the inlet of the exhaust fan. Since the laboratory exhaust airflow is often significantly less than the design airflow, exhaust fans consume significantly more energy than is necessary. Multi-stack and Variable frequency drive techniques can reduce both the make-up airflow rate and fan energy in the constant speed fan exhaust system retrofit. This paper introduces the application principles, describes the optimal methods of stack sizing, and presents an example. The application example showed that the average annual fan power is 50% of the design fan power for a two-stack system, and 47% for a three-stack system.
20
SCHAUB, TONIO, PETER J. MEFFERT, and GERALD KERTH. "Nest-boxes for Common Swifts Apus apus as compensatory measures in the context of building renovation: efficacy and predictors of occupancy." Bird Conservation International 26, no. 2 (2015): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000525.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryCurrently, renovation and thermal insulation of buildings is happening at a high rate in many European countries, driven in part by the political aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Unfortunately, building renovations often lead to a loss of structures, such as accessible cavities, on which synanthropic species, for example house-nesting birds, depend. In Germany, due to legislative regulations, it is a common practice to install nest-boxes as compensation for destroyed nest sites of birds. However, studies on the efficacy of such measures remain sparse. We monitored the occupancy of 477 compensatory nest-boxes for Common Swifts Apus apus, predominantly placed on renovated prefabricated buildings in a city in Germany. We found 24.3% of the boxes occupied by Swifts. On most buildings, the number of occupied boxes was as high as or even higher than the assumed number of breeding sites prior to renovation. Furthermore, in a district where nearly all buildings had been renovated in the past 10 years, we recorded a remarkably high density of Swifts breeding in nest-boxes. Using boosted regression trees, we analysed whether eight different nest-box properties influenced box occupation probability. The number of neighbouring boxes was the most important. Additionally, box age, facade orientation, city district, relative and absolute height, and manner of installation (external/internal) also played a role. Between different nest-box types, we found only negligible differences in occupation probability. Our findings suggest that installing nest-boxes is likely to be an appropriate measure to compensate for nesting sites of Swifts lost during building renovations. Based on our results, we recommend mounting the boxes a few metres apart from each other and close to the roof edge to maximise success. Further studies should be carried out to assess whether our results and conclusions can be confirmed in other situations.
21
Deng, Xiang, and Zijing Tan. "Numerical analysis of local thermal comfort in a plan office under natural ventilation." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 7 (2019): 972–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19866497.
Full textAbstract:
The utilisation of automatic controlled natural wind in office buildings to maintain indoor thermal comfort has gained wide attention in recent years. Generally, it is not necessary to ensure that the whole internal volume of a building with large open spaces meets thermal comfort requirements. Primary focus should be on occupied areas. Accordingly, the local thermal comfort in an open-plan office with automatic controlled natural ventilation system was investigated numerically and experimentally. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based method was presented for indoor environment and thermal comfort prediction. Long-term in situ measurement was conducted during summer and transition seasons. The meteorological data were collected by a mini weather station located on the roof of the target building. Meanwhile, indoor air velocity, temperature, turbulence intensity and wall temperatures were recorded locally. Three thermal comfort indices, i.e. thermal stratification represented by percentage dissatisfied (PD), the extended predicted mean vote (PMVe) and draught rate were employed to evaluate the thermal comfort level of the interested areas during natural ventilation period. The numerical results revealed a risk of local thermal dissatisfaction under low outdoor temperature and strong windy conditions.
22
O’Malley, Kieran D., William E. Kunin, Matthew Town, William O. Mgoola, and Emma Louise Stone. "Roost selection by Mauritian tomb bats (Taphozus mauritianus) in Lilongwe city, Malawi – importance of woodland for sustainable urban planning." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0240434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240434.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing urbanisation has led to a greater use of artificial structures by bats as alternative roost sites. Despite the widespread presence of bats, roost availability may restrict their distribution and abundance in urban environments. There is limited quantitative information on the drivers of bat roost selection and roosting preferences, particularly in African bats. We explore the factors influencing roost selection in the Mauritian tomb bat (Taphozous mauritianus), within an urban landscape in Lilongwe city, Malawi. Eight building and five landscape features of roosts were compared with both adjacent and random control buildings throughout the city. Bat occupied buildings were situated closer to woodland (mean 709m) compared to random buildings (mean 1847m) but did not differ in any other landscape features explored. Roosts were situated on buildings with larger areas and taller walls, suggesting bats select features for predator-avoidance and acoustic perception when leaving the roost. Bats preferred buildings with exposed roof beams which may provide refuge from disturbance. Whilst roosts are situated more often on brick walls, this feature was also associated with landscape features, therefore its importance in roost selection is less clear. These results are indicative that T. mauritianus selects roosts at both the building and landscape level. The selectivity of T. mauritianus in relation to its roost sites implies that preferred roosts are a limited resource, and as such, conservation actions should focus on protecting roost sites and the woodland bats rely on.
23
Everett, Glyn, and Jessica Lamond. "Green roof perceptions: Newcastle, UK CBD owners/occupiers." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 21, no. 2 (2019): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-11-2017-0044.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of green roofs for commercial real estate building owners/occupiers in a UK city and consider how these might affect the chances of their adoption. Design/methodology/approach Two sets of semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively selected respondents, 10 with and 25 without green roofs, to compare and contrast differing perspectives. A grounded theory approach was taken to data analysis, allowing themes to emerge directly from the data. Findings Low awareness and understanding were observed amongst those without green roofs, which positively affected perceived costs whilst negatively affecting perceived benefits. Green roof owners gave weight to wider societal and ecosystem services benefits, whilst those without focussed much more upon building-level benefits and costs. Research limitations/implications Because of the restricted sample size, the findings in themselves are not generalizable; rather, themes are drawn from the research for reflection. Practical implications Findings point to steps that might be required of regional and national government to increase green roof uptake. This could involve initiating conversations to raise awareness, shift discourse and perceived norms and best practice; offering incentives, education and training; and presenting high-profile exemplar projects of green roofing to begin to mainstream the technology and get it onto the radar of building owners. Originality/value Bringing together social research around cohorts with and without green roofs, the paper throws into sharp relief discussions around costs and benefits and points towards potentially more productive directions for action to encourage consideration and take-up of green roofs by building owners.
24
Indra, I. Gede Bagus Rae. "PENGARUH MODERNISASI TERHADAP BAHAN BANGUNAN HUNIAN TRADISIONAL DI DESA ADAT TENGANAN, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM, BALI." Jurnal Anala 8, no. 1 (2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46650/anala.8.1.937.59-66.
Full textAbstract:
Tenganan Traditional Village is a Bali Aga Village located in Karangasem Regency. As a cultural village tourism object, Tenganan Traditional Village is unique in the form of a spatial arrangement pattern with unique traditional building architecture, traditions and cultural activities of the community, as well as villagers' handicrafts such as woven or bamboo, carvings, and paintings on palm leaves as well as gringsing woven fabric. In line with the times and the rapid development lately there have been concerns about the continuation of development in the Tenganan Traditional Village, resulting in many changes to the residential buildings, especially in building materials. The condition of the Traditional Village which has started to leave materials for traditional buildings and switch to modern building materials. These changes caused the loss of the traditional values of the Tenganan people which became the core of the local community architecture. So it needs special attention and efforts in preserving the architectural values of traditional Tenganan houses. So that the existence of traditional houses and the uniqueness of the village can be maintained and still show the traditional values of the traditional houses of Tenganan Village, with new buildings that will be occupied by the community. Some things that have experienced the influence of modernization are in terms of roof, wall and bataran building materials. This requires joint efforts by the government and local communities to preserve the development of traditional houses related to traditional traditions in the Tenganan Traditional Village so that the construction of traditional houses is sustainable.
25
Guardiola-Víllora, A., and L. Basset-Salom. "WHEN THE RISK IS URBAN PLANNING. A CASE STUDY IN EL CABANYAL (SPAIN)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-753-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This paper presents the vicissitudes of a residential dwelling built in El Cabanyal in 1923 and how poor urban planning can be a risk. The building corresponds to one of the most common traditional typologies: a terraced house with masonry load bearing brick walls and timber floors, three storeys, a linear staircase attached to the party walls, a courtyard at the rear and a gable roof. In the past, this building, proved to be resilient, overcoming the risk of collapse in some important episodes which affected directly El Cabanyal: the air raid attacks of the Valencian coastline settlements during the Spanish Civil War and the floods occurred in 1949 and in 1957. In 1988, the building was listed in the catalogue of the General Plan with a protection grade 3. The special protection plan (PEPRI 2001) which was supposed to protect and rehabilitate El Cabanyal, projected the extension of Blasco Ibañez Avenue to the sea and consequently, the division of the neighbourhood in two halves, tearing down an important number of houses. Subsequently, the City council began to expropriate buildings facilitating their occupation by squatters. The level of degradation caused by the urban planning is such that this area is known as ‘Ground Zero Area’. At the time of writing this paper, the building appears to be illegally occupied and in a bad state of preservation. After almost a hundred years facing different risks, poor urban planning appears to be the cause of the destruction of this heritage building.
26
Myres, J. N. L., and Philip H. Dixon. "A Nineteenth-Century Grubenhaus on Bucklebury Common, Berkshire." Antiquaries Journal 68, no. 1 (1988): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500022526.
Full textAbstract:
The Museum of English Rural Life at Reading University was for some years interested in a hut on Bucklebury Common, Berkshire, which was occupied as a workshop by the Lailey family who used it for the manufacture of wooden bowls which found a ready market. When the last of these craftsmen bowlturners died without male heirs in 1958 and the workshop was likely to be demolished, the Museum took steps both to secure one of the primitive pole-lathes used by the Laileys in their craft, which is now displayed in the Museum, and also to make a photographic and measured record of the hut itself and its contents. From this record, which the Museum has kindly allowed us to use in preparing this article, it is evident that the hut itself had been a structure of considerable architectural interest. Part of it had a deeply sunken floor which had carried the pole-lathes, and was similar in size and shape to an Anglo- Saxon Grubenhaus of the pagan period. Although the walls and roof were clearly of later date, they could well have taken the place of much earlier predecessors. The purpose of this article is thus to draw attention to the continued use into the present century not only of the bowltumer's primitive craft at Bucklebury but of its housing in a hut which probably began as an Anglo-Saxon Grubenhaus. As such its structure and furnishing may throw light on features that have sometimes puzzled students of excavated Anglo-Saxon Grubenhäuser elsewhere.
27
Uniek Praptiningrum, W. "Roof Fruit and Vegetable Garden, is Accurate as the Element Eco Green Settlement, Housing in the City Today? Case Study: House Live in Downtown Surabaya Indonesia." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.774.
Full textAbstract:
To implement an architecture work, such as residential , residential houses and the like , atmosphere and a healthy environment has a very important role . To be categorized as a good architecture work , the building should be : interesting in terms of the appearance, comfortable to occupied, beautiful views , safety in construction , have the local wisdom and friendly to nature and the environment . In the era of globalization , these values began to shift , especially residential buildings , residential on the center of the city. For examples, narrow courtyard, the dominance of concrete and glass building material , and barren surrounding environments , green plants are very minimal . The selection of building materials , such as air conditioning with its CFC content , electronic equipment within the building that are not environmentally friendly , the complement of air pollution both within and outside the residential buildings This happens due to the high price of land in urban area , community and individualism are more viscous , the long-term health awareness that less attention , and prioritizing practicality in activities and maintenance of their home . In Surabaya, Eco Green to meet the government regulation has been established and implemented for green space solutions. And impact of global warming have already exceeded the 30 % required . But the percentage of RTH Private relative still small. also RTH option is needed in order more efficient in land and comsution,provide more benefits such value . Fruit and Vegetable Roof Garden , has not been widely applied , particularly for the residential in the city's center such as Surabaya . The purpose of the assessment is to analyze the results of several researchers who have collected additional benefits obtained on the utilization of natural resources including the application of roof greening fruit and vegetable garden at home, if applicable accurate to a big city like Surabaya . .The method used in this study is to do with the spaciousness survey , study references , browsing through the internet , collect some data from studies that have been done by some competent source , then perform the analysis . While the results obtained are not significantly appear on the application of the RTH Privat, even trend looks to be making investments that material's large profit-oriented , ease of maintenance and trends , compared with consideration would preserve local knowledge , and friendliness to the environment and natural healthy . It can be seen from the increasing number of existing homes , both of the simple type , medium and luxury using modern building materials , with a fairly large area of the building and the lack of balance in an open area for reforestation , especially with the application
28
Mitchell, Stephen. "The mansio in Pisidia‘s Döşeme Boğazı: a unique building in Roman Asia Minor." Journal of Roman Archaeology 33 (2020): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759420000999.
Full textAbstract:
The Döşeme Boğazı (‘Pass with the Pavement’) is one of the ancient routes through the Taurus Mountains that connected the Anatolian interior with the southern coastal regions (fig. 1). From an early date it was an important component of the Roman road-system in Asia Minor (fig. 2). The pass lay near the S end of the Republican route from the Dardanelles to Side which was created by Manius Aquillius, first proconsul of Asia between 129 and 126 B.C. The S part of this road was incorporated into the via Sebaste, built in 6/5 B.C., which linked several of the Roman colonies founded by Augustus in south-central Anatolia to the Mediterranean coast. By good fortune, the ancient settlements and the Roman and post-Roman road in this defile have survived largely untouched by modern development. The course of the road between the Roman colony of Comama (Pisidia) and Perge (Pamphylia), as well as branch roads leading to other settlements, can be traced precisely. Well-preserved remains of two settlements, both occupied between the 2nd and 6th c., are identifiable at the upper and lower ends of the defile: in them are houses having from 2 to 10 rooms, the larger ones arranged around courtyards and some having cisterns and towers (Turmgehöfte), a bath-house and public cisterns, roadside shops, sarcophagi and small heroa in prominent positions by the road, and numerous churches. The lower site includes a large walled structure probably of the 6th c., that was almost certainly designed as an animal enclosure to control transhumant flocks. Most remarkable of all the surviving structures in the pass, however, are the remains of a mansio or way-station, which survives up to roof level and is the best-preserved building of this type in the entire empire.
29
Antonenko, T. V., S. V. Pysarev, and A. V. Matsyura. "Cluster analysis in ethological research." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 11, no. 2 (2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2021_65.
Full textAbstract:
Big cats are often on display in zoos around the world. The study of their time budget is the basis of ethological research in captivity. The paper considers the features of the behavior of the subfamily Pantherinae, the daily activity of animals in the summer, methods of keeping, the exposition of enclosures, and relationships with keepers. The studies were conducted in the summer of 2012 and 2013 at the Barnaul Zoo. The total observation time for the animals was 120 hours. The behavior of the African lion (Panthera leo leo – male), the Ussuri tiger (Panthera tigris altaica – female), and the Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis – male) has been studied. In the course of the work, the compilation of ethograms, continuous recording, and free observations were used. The clustering method was applied to analyze the patterns of behavior of animals in captivity. Cluster analysis breaks down the behavior of captivities animals into two large blocks. Locomotion in animals should be considered as a separate block. The animal’s growth and development period require a high proportion of physical activity, which is noticeable when observing the Amur tiger. Locomotion occupied 32.8% of the total time budget of this animal. Large cats have never been in a shelter (in wooden structures of the appropriate size). They used the roof of the houses only as a place for rest and observation. The proportion of marking, hunting, eating, exploratory behavior, grooming, and such forms of behavior as freezing, static position, orienting reaction did not differ significantly. Play behavior with elements of hunting and manipulative activity took 5.5% of the Amur tiger’s time budget for the period under review. We associate this primarily with the age of the given animal. Play behavior was observed two times less often in the Far Eastern leopard (2.9%) and African lion (2.6%)..
30
Ponechal, Radoslav, and Silvia Baďurová. "Thermal Comfort Evaluation with Fireplace in Occupied Space." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.129.
Full textAbstract:
The solid fuel heaters are popular in Slovakia again, where about 50% of new freestanding homes have one. The classic fireplace, with a blazing fire open to the room as traditional symbol of comfort and security becomes with better building thermal insulation a primary rather than an occasional indulgence heat source. This paper reports the results of field measurement and simulation investigating the thermal comfort criteria in occupied space with fireplace heating system. The field study was performed in a small furnished living-room. The indoor surface temperatures were captured with infrared camera and the mean radiant temperatures were calculated by the ESP-r simulation tool. Thermal comfort prediction maps (PPD and PMV index) are presented to describe range of occupant comfort levels with mean air temperature, air velocity and clothing level variations. It was found that this system provide full area improved thermal climate only with high air temperature level. The study was limited to the case with no vertical air temperature distribution.
31
Zhang, Li, Joseph R. Smyth, Takaaki Kawazoe, et al. "Stability, composition, and crystal structure of Fe-bearing Phase E in the transition zone." American Mineralogist 104, no. 11 (2019): 1620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6750.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Fe-bearing phase E coexisting with ringwoodite and wadsleyite has been synthesized at near-geotherm temperatures in hydrous KLB-1 peridotite compositions held at 18 and 19 GPa, and 1400 °C for 27 h. The long heating duration time of syntheses implies that phase E can be a stable component of the mantle under hydrous conditions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that the M1 octahedral site is 72.1–75.2 at% occupied, whereas the M2 and tetrahedral Si sites are 2.4–2.9 at% and 18.9–19.8 at% occupied, respectively. The M1 site occupancies show a positive correlation with Fe/Mg molar ratios, indicating that Fe mainly occupies the M1 site in the phase E structure. High-pressure Raman spectroscopy shows that the framework Raman frequencies of Fe-bearing phase E increase continuously with increasing pressures up to 19 GPa at room temperature, and there is no indication for a major change in the crystal structure. If transition-zone regions adjacent to subducting slabs are hydrated by fluids generated at the top of the lower mantle, Fe-bearing phase E is expected to occur at wadsleyite-ringwoodite phase transition boundary (about 520 km) as an important phase for incorporating water.
32
Li, Francis. "Using synthesised musical stimuli to measure room impulse responses in occupied spaces." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (2012): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4708588.
Full text
33
Mustakallio, Panu, Risto Kosonen, Mika Ruponen, and Natalia Lastovets. "Influence of installation of displacement ventilation diffusers above occupied zone on the vertical temperature gradient in simulated office rooms." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102012.
Full textAbstract:
Displacement ventilation diffusers are typically installed to the occupied zone, which can limit the utilization of the displacement ventilation. This paper presents the full-scale test results of two simulated office rooms with installation of displacement diffusers near wall, above the occupied zone. Vertical temperature gradients are compared to full-scale tests with installation of displacement diffusers to the occupied zone. The full-scale test setup consisted of two displacement diffusers and ceiling exhaust in wellinsulated room with 20.7 m2 floor area and room heights of 5.1 m and 3.3 m. The internal heat loads simulated situations with 10 occupants (simulated with heated cylinders), fluorescent lighting units, solar load on window surface (heated foils in one wall) without/with direct solar load on floor (heated foil on floor). The installation of displacement ventilation diffusers above occupied zone influenced on the vertical temperature gradient above the occupied zone only slightly. It reduced the vertical temperature gradient in the occupied zone. This confirms the operation of the displacement ventilation with this installation. This can be advantageous due to the smaller temperature stratification in the occupied zone, still the ventilation efficiency can be slightly lower comparing to the typical installation of the displacement diffusers.
34
Krajčík, Michal, Angela Simone, and Bjarne W. Olesen. "Air distribution and ventilation effectiveness in an occupied room heated by warm air." Energy and Buildings 55 (December 2012): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.015.
Full text
35
Holtstam, Dan, Fernando Cámara, and Andreas Karlsson. "Instalment of the margarosanite group, and data on walstromite–margarosanite solid solutions from the Jakobsberg Mn–Fe deposit, Värmland, Sweden." Mineralogical Magazine 85, no. 2 (2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.15.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe margarosanite group (now officially confirmed by IMA-CNMNC) consists of triclinic Ca-(Ba, Pb) cyclosilicates with three-membered [Si3O9]6– rings (3R), with the general formula AB2Si3O9, where A = Pb, Ba and Ca and B = Ca. A closest-packed arrangement of O atoms parallel to (101) hosts Si and B cations in interstitial sites in alternating layers. The 3R layer has three independent Si sites in each ring. Divalent cations occupy three independent sites: Ca in B occupies two nonequivalent sites, Ca1 (8-fold coordinated), and Ca2 (6-fold coordinated). A (=Ca3) is occupied by Pb2+ (or Ba2+) in 6+4 coordination, or 6+1 when occupied by Ca; this third site occurs within the 3R-layer in a peripheral position. Three minerals belong to this group: margarosanite (ideally PbCa2Si3O9), walstromite (BaCa2Si3O9) and breyite (CaCa2Si3O9). So far, no solid solutions involving the Ca1 and Ca2 sites have been described. Therefore, root names depend on the composition of the Ca3 site only. Isomorphic replacement at the Ca3 sites has been noted. We here report data on a skarn sample from the Jakobsberg Mn–Fe oxide deposit, in Värmland, Sweden, representing intermediate compositions on the walstromite–margarosanite binary, in the range ca. 50–70% mol.% BaCa2Si3O9. The Pb-rich walstromite is associated closely with celsian, phlogopite, andradite, vesuvianite, diopside and nasonite. A crystal-structure refinement (R1 = 4.8%) confirmed the structure type, and showed that the Ca3 (Ba, Pb) site is split into two positions separated by 0.39 Å, with the Ba atoms found slightly more peripheral to the 3R-layers.
36
Mautner, Menachem. "The Occupied Territories, Gaza, and Israel’s Recent Slide to Authoritarianism." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 14, no. 2 (2020): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2020-2015.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn recent years there have been numerous warnings in the press and in the social networks that Israel is about to convert its liberal democracy into a fascist regime. This Article argues that the occupation of the West Bank stands at the root of the most important processes that have been taking place in Israel in the past five decades. One of those processes is the erosion of Israel’s liberalism. I claim that the prolongation of the occupation is the central, lasting threat to Israel’s liberalism. In essence, the occupation breeds denunciations of and protests against the government and the Israel Defense Forces, and these, in turn, bring about measures on the part of the government and right-wing civil society organizations that undermine or threaten Israel’s liberalism. In addition, the full-scale wars between Israel and Gaza, and the continuation of violence between the parties in the periods between the wars, undermine or threaten Israel’s liberalism.
37
Bonilha, Rodolfo Martins, José Carlos Casagrande, Marcio Roberto Soares, and Rose Mary Reis-Duarte. "Characterization of the soil fertility and root system of restinga forests." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 36, no. 6 (2012): 1804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832012000600014.
Full textAbstract:
The Restinga vegetation consists of a mosaic of plant communities, which are defined by the characteristics of the substrates, resulting from the type and age of the depositional processes. This mosaic complex of vegetation types comprises restinga forest in advanced (high restinga) and medium regeneration stages (low restinga), each with particular differentiating vegetation characteristics. The climate along the coast is tropical (Köppen). Of all ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest, Restinga is the most fragile and susceptible to anthropic disturbances. Plants respond to soil characteristics with physiological and morphological modifications, resulting in changes in the architecture (spatial configuration) of the root system. The purpose of this study was to characterize the soil fertility of high and low restinga forests, by chemical and physical parameters, and its relation to the root system distribution in the soil profile. Four locations were studied: (1) Ilha Anchieta State Park, Ubatuba; (2) two Ecological Stations of Jureia-Itatins and of Chauás, in the municipality of Iguape; (3) Vila de Pedrinhas in the municipality of Ilha Comprida; and (4) Ilha do Cardoso State Park, Cananeia. The soil fertility (chemical and physical properties) was analyzed in the layers 0-5, 0-10, 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. In addition, the distribution of the root system in the soil profile was evaluated, using digital images and the Spring program. It was concluded that the root system of all vegetation types studied is restricted to the surface layers, 0-10 and 10-20 cm, but occupies mainly the 0-10 cm layer (70 %); that soil fertility is low in all environments studied, with base saturation values below 16 %, since most exchange sites are occupied by aluminum; and that restinga vegetation is edaphic.
38
Lusczek, Elizabeth R., and Melissa P. Knauert. "Light Levels in ICU Patient Rooms: Dimming of Daytime Light in Occupied Rooms." Journal of Patient Experience 8 (January 1, 2021): 237437352110331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735211033104.
Full textAbstract:
One-third of patients report disruption of sleep by overnight light. Importantly, light causes both immediate sleep disturbance and influences circadian function, a fundamental process underpinning high-quality sleep. Short bursts of light at night and/or lack of bright daytime light disrupt circadian alignment, leading to sleep deficiency. To improve understanding of 24-hour light patterns, we conducted a longitudinal study of light levels in intensive care unit (ICU) rooms. Over 450 room-days, we observed high variability, dim daytime light, and active dimming of natural sunlight in occupied rooms. Such noncircadian light patterns have multifactorial influences on sleep and are a key target for sleep improvement in the ICU.
39
Zhao, Bin, Li Cao, Xianting Li, Xudong Yang, and Dongtao Huang. "Comparison of Indoor Environment of a Locally Concentrated Cleanroom at Occupied and Unoccupied Status by Numerical Method." Journal of the IEST 47, no. 1 (2004): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.47.1.p2366u3r2538vh17.
Full textAbstract:
The existing standard for cleanrooms is based on an unoccupied state where there are no people or furniture inside the room. However, the distribution of airflow and particles in a cleanroom may differ significantly in an occupied state with the presence of people and furniture. This paper first validates a numerical model for simulating the air distribution in a locally concentrated cleanroom. Then the indoor airflow and the pollutant concentration in a locally concentrated bio-clean operation room (BCOR) are simulated at both occupied and unoccupied states by the validated model. The comparison of results shows the environment is very different between the two cases. Thus, human bodies and furniture should be properly considered when evaluating the environment in the locally concentrated cleanroom.
40
Tripathi, Brajesh, Moulic Sandipan, and Late Arora. "A CFD analysis of room aspect ratio on the effect of buoyancy and room air flow." Thermal Science 11, no. 4 (2007): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0704079t.
Full textAbstract:
Comfort conditions in air-conditioned rooms require that temperature in the occupied zone should not vary by more than 1?C and velocity, every where in the room, should be less than 0.15 m/s so that occupants do not feel draft. Recent developments in providing effective insulation and making leak tight buildings are considerably reduced the cooling load requirements and the supply airflow rates. Obtaining uniform temperature distribution with reduced air volume flow rates requires careful design of air distribution system. This study aims to find velocity and temperature distribution in the room towards this end.
41
Vinoth Kumar, M., J. Gobinath, and M. Sangeetha. "Real-Time Distributed Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Smart Agricultural Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.388.
Full textAbstract:
In India 75% land is occupied for agriculture so some recent survey shows 85% of fresh water resources is utilized in every seasonal period. We can overcome this water consumption through the help of embedded wireless sensor equipments. In this paper we projected a new idea, the system have distributed wireless network to monitor a soil-moisture. Temperature sensors are placed in the root zone of the plants and all these sensors are self power sourced through batteries with an inbuilt rechargeable photovoltaic cell to charge them. Using GPRS system it can be monitored accurately from outsource, and another main action to be achieved in this agriculture environment. The overall environment will be monitored through a digital camera to avoid the infection in plants and also fertilizing them in a correct time. The automated system actions are analyzed and monitored in the server or data storage room.
42
Horowitz, Jonathan Thompson. "THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN OCCUPIED TERRITORIES: MAKING MORE ROOM FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN OCCUPATION LAW." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 7 (December 2004): 233–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135904002338.
Full text
43
Cunningham, M. J., M. R. Bassett, D. McQuade, and M. Beckett. "A field study of the moisture performance of roofs of occupied newly constructed timber framed houses." Building and Environment 29, no. 2 (1994): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(94)90068-x.
Full text
44
Masih, Dawa A. A., Nawzad K. Jalal, Manar N. A. Mohammed, and Sulaiman A. Mustafa. "The Assessment of Acoustical Characteristics for Recent Mosque Buildings in Erbil City of Iraq." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 9, no. 1 (2021): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.10784.
Full textAbstract:
The study of mosque acoustics, concerning acoustical features, sound quality for speech intelligibility, and additional practical acoustic criteria, is commonly overlooked. Acoustic quality is vital to the fundamental use of mosques, in terms of contributing toward prayers and worshippers’ appreciation. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the acoustic quality level and the acoustical characteristics for two modern mosque buildings constructed in Erbil city. This work investigates and examines the acoustical quality and performance of these two mosques and their prayer halls through room simulation using ODEON Room Acoustics Software, to assess the degree of speech intelligibility according to acoustic criteria relative to the spatial requirements and design guidelines. The sound pressure level and other room-acoustic indicators, such as reverberation time (T30), early decay time, and speech transmission index, are tested. The outcomes demonstrate the quality of acoustics in the investigated mosques during semi-occupied and fully-occupied circumstances. The results specify that the sound quality within the both mosques is displeasing as the loudspeakers were off.
45
Rutala, William A., Maria F. Gergen, and David J. Weber. "Room Decontamination with UV Radiation." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 10 (2010): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/656244.
Full textAbstract:
Objective.To determine the effectiveness of a UV-C-emitting device to eliminate clinically important nosocomial pathogens in a contaminated hospital room.Methods.This study was carried out in a standard but empty hospital room (phase 1) and in a room previously occupied by a patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infection (phase 2) in an acute care tertiary hospital in North Carolina from January 21 through September 21, 2009. During phase 1, 8 × 8 cm Formica sheets contaminated with approximately 104-105 organisms of MRSA, VRE, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, or Clostridium difficile spores were placed in a hospital room, both in direct line of sight of the UV-C device and behind objects. After timed exposure, the presence of the microbes was assessed. During phase 2, specific sites in rooms that had housed patients with MRSA or VRE infection were sampled before and after UV-C irradiation. After timed exposure, the presence of MRSA and VRE and total colony counts were assessed.Results.In our test room, the effectiveness of UV-C radiation in reducing the counts of vegetative bacteria on surfaces was more than 99.9% within 15 minutes, and the reduction in C. difficile spores was 99.8% within 50 minutes. In rooms occupied by patients with MRSA, UV-C irradiation of approximately 15 minutes duration resulted in a decrease in total CFUs per plate (mean, 384 CFUs vs 19 CFUs; P < .001), in the number of samples positive for MRSA (81 [20.3%] of 400 plates vs 2 [0.5%] of 400 plates; P < .001 ), and in MRSA counts per MRSA-positive plate (mean, 37 CFUs vs 2 CFUs; P < .001).Conclusions.This UV-C device was effective in eliminating vegetative bacteria on contaminated surfaces both in the line of sight and behind objects within approximately 15 minutes and in eliminating C. difficile spores within 50 minutes.
46
Zhang, Wei, He Ping Li, and Wei Pan. "Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Co-Doped SrTiO3 Nanofibres." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1438.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, Co-doped SrTiO3 nanofibres have been prepared by electrospinning from a sol-gel precursor and the following calcination at 923K. XRD results confirmed that no second phase was formed, and Co ions successfully occupied the Ti sites. By annealing in hydrogen, oxygen vacancies and (Co-H-Co) were formed, which both contributed to the magnetic ordering in SrTi1-xCoxO3 nanofibres are at 300K.
47
Chang, Howook (Sean), Chang Huh, Tiffany S. Legendre, and John J. Simpson. "Exploring particulate matter pollution in hotel guestrooms." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 3 (2020): 1131–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2019-0481.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose A growing number of travelers seek well-being when traveling. As concerning about outdoor air pollution in tourism destinations escalates, little is known about indoor air pollution in hotel guestrooms. The purpose of the present study is to assess particulate matter (PM) pollution in US hotel guestrooms and to provide baseline indoor PM readings in occupied and unoccupied rooms. Design/methodology/approach A series of field tests and experiments monitoring PM levels were conducted in the guestrooms overnight – with and without occupants – using the sophisticated, industrial-grade PM-monitoring equipment. Findings The results revealed that PM levels were very low when rooms were unoccupied or when guests were asleep. However, unhealthy PM mass concentrations were observed in occupied rooms when guests engaged in physical activity such as showering and walking around or while room attendants cleaned rooms. Among the physical activities, room cleaning caused hazardous indoor PM pollution, reaching 1,665.9 µg/m3 of PM10 and 140.4 µg/m3 of PM2.5 although they tended to be brief. Research limitations/implications Leveraging increasing guest demand in well-being is essential for sustainable business and further growth. Indoor air quality must be recognized as an important factor to be controlled for well-being and health of guests and employees. Major hotel brands should take it into consideration as they infuse well-being DNA into their products and culture. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first empirical investigation of PM pollution both in occupied and unoccupied hotel guestrooms in the USA, which reveals unhealthy PM pollution associated with the routine human activities in occupied guestrooms.
48
Booth, Timothy F., Bill Kournikakis, Nathalie Bastien, et al. "Detection of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus and Environmental Contamination in SARS Outbreak Units." Journal of Infectious Diseases 191, no. 9 (2005): 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/429634.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by a risk of nosocomial transmission; however, the risk of airborne transmission of SARS is unknown. During the Toronto outbreaks of SARS, we investigated environmental contamination in SARS units, by employing novel air sampling and conventional surface swabbing. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–positive air samples were obtained from a room occupied by a patient with SARS, indicating the presence of the virus in the air of the room. In addition, several PCR-positive swab samples were recovered from frequently touched surfaces in rooms occupied by patients with SARS (a bed table and a television remote control) and in a nurses’ station used by staff (a medication refrigerator door). These data provide the first experimental confirmation of viral aerosol generation by a patient with SARS, indicating the possibility of airborne droplet transmission, which emphasizes the need for adequate respiratory protection, as well as for strict surface hygiene practices
49
Kasymbekov, R. A., N. Y. Temirbaeva, S. O. Nazarov, Y. Zh Osmonov, and Nurzhan Murat. "Methods of Freeze Protection for Fruit Trees by Means of Renewable Energy Sources." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801001.
Full textAbstract:
As the Earth climate changes, the current horticulture gives rise to an acute issue - protecting fruit trees from spring frosts and their root system from freezing in severe winters with little snow. The authors substantiated the methods of how to protect fruit trees from frost and their root system from freezing, as well as a method of how to control their phenological phases based on the study of the heatmass- exchange intensification in a certain soil area occupied by the root system of a tree with various engineering aids to be designed. The aforesaid method is based on the operation of a heat and cold separator, which makes it possible to intensify heat transfer and expand the area of specific heat loads removed using a coolant - potassium salt brine (aqueous 30% KCL solution). The test results have shown that the coolant heated by the heat of the soil to a temperature of 12°С, gradually moving up at a depth of 0.9 m, heats the soil to 7°С at a depth of 0.5 m and up to 1°С on the surface of the earth at an ambient temperature of up to - 10°С. The heat of the lower soil layers comes up to the surface; in the soil area occupied by the root system, the temperature is redistributed, stabilized in a state that excludes freezing of the root system of the fruit tree. A rational value of the effective head has been determined to be equal to 2200 Н/m2 at the depth of the heated soil surface up to 1 m, with a specific heat flow of about 4•105 W/m2. In addition, a rational flow rate of the coolant is set equal to (1.5 ... 2.5) Gmin to produce more optimal heat transfer and additional body force of the heat and cold separator. The method of controlling the phenological phases of fruit trees by heating or cooling a certain soil area occupied by the root system is possible using an installation that generates power from the renewable resources (solar energy, wind or biogas plant), depending on climatic conditions and terrain.
50
Linnes, J. C., S. N. Rudnick, G. M. Hunt, J. J. McDevitt, and E. A. Nardell. "Eggcrate UV: a whole ceiling upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system for air disinfection in occupied rooms." Indoor Air 24, no. 2 (2013): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12063.
Full text