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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean continent pattern'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Yu, Lejiang, Shiyuan Zhong, Cuijuan Sui, and Bo Sun. "Revisiting the trend in the occurrences of the “warm Arctic–cold Eurasian continent” temperature pattern." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 22 (2020): 13753–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13753-2020.

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Abstract. The recent increasing trend of “warm Arctic, cold continents” has attracted much attention, but it remains debatable as to what forces are behind this phenomenon. Here, we revisited surface temperature variability over the Arctic and the Eurasian continent by applying the self-organizing-map (SOM) technique to gridded daily surface temperature data. Nearly 40 % of the surface temperature trends are explained by the nine SOM patterns that depict the switch to the current warm Arctic–cold Eurasia pattern at the beginning of this century from the reversed pattern that dominated the 1980

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Schmid, Daniel W., Karthik Iyer, and Ebbe H. Hartz. "Thermal Effects at Continent-Ocean Transform Margins: A 3D Perspective." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050193.

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Continental breakup along transform margins produces a sequence of (1) continent-continent, (2) continent-oceanic, (3) continent-ridge, and (4) continent-oceanic juxtapositions. Spreading ridges are the main sources of heat, which is then distributed by diffusion and advection. Previous work focused on the thermal evolution of transform margins built on 2D numerical models. Here we use a 3D FEM model to obtain the first order evolution of temperature, uplift/subsidence, and thermal maturity of potential source rocks. Snapshots for all four transform phases are provided by 2D sections across th

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3

Wu, G. X., Y. Liu, X. Zhu, et al. "Multi-scale forcing and the formation of subtropical desert and monsoon." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 9 (2009): 3631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3631-2009.

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Abstract. This study investigates three types of atmospheric forcing across the summertime subtropics that are shown to contribute in various ways to the occurrence of dry and wet climates in the subtropics. To explain the formation of desert over the western parts of continents and monsoon over the eastern parts, we propose a new mechanism of positive feedback between diabatic heating and vorticity generation that occurs via meridional advection of planetary vorticity and temperature. Monsoon and desert are demonstrated to coexist as twin features of multi-scale forcing, as follows. First, co

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4

Marotta, A. M., F. Restelli, A. Bollino, A. Regorda, and R. Sabadini. "The static and time-dependent signature of ocean–continent and ocean–ocean subduction: the case studies of Sumatra and Mariana complexes." Geophysical Journal International 221, no. 2 (2020): 788–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa029.

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SUMMARY The anomalous density structure at subduction zones, both in the wedge and in the upper mantle, is analysed to shed light on the processes that are responsible for the characteristic gravity fingerprints of two types of subduction: ocean–continent and ocean–ocean. Our modelling is then performed within the frame of the EIGEN-6C4 gravitational disturbance pattern of two subductions representative of the above two types, the Sumatra and Mariana complexes, finally enabling the different characteristics of the two patterns to be observed and understood on a physical basis, including some s

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Chen, Tsing-Chang, Wan-Ru Huang, and Eugene S. Takle. "Annual Variation of Midlatitude Precipitation." Journal of Climate 17, no. 21 (2004): 4291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3201.1.

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Abstract Annual variation of midlatitude precipitation and its maintenance through divergent water vapor flux were explored by the use of hydrological variables from three reanalyses [(NCEP–NCAR, ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA), and Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-1)] and two global precipitation datasets [Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP)]. Two annual variation patterns of midlatitude precipitation were identified:Tropical–midlatitude precipitation contrast: Midlatitude precipitation along storm tracks over

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Nguyen, Luan C., and Paul Mann. "Gravity and magnetic constraints on the Jurassic opening of the oceanic Gulf of Mexico and the location and tectonic history of the Western Main transform fault along the eastern continental margin of Mexico." Interpretation 4, no. 1 (2016): SC23—SC33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0110.1.

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Although the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has been the subject of geophysical and geologic studies for several decades, its crustal structures and opening kinematics remain poorly understood largely because of the difficulty in imaging the deeper basinal structure beneath its thick sedimentary and evaporitic layers. We have used gravity and magnetic data combined with seismic reflection and refraction data to better understand the crustal structure and basin opening kinematics. We have focused on the 700-km-long Jurassic continent/ocean transform fault that accommodated counterclockwise rotation of th

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Hoell, Andrew, Mathew Barlow, and Roop Saini. "Intraseasonal and Seasonal-to-Interannual Indian Ocean Convection and Hemispheric Teleconnections." Journal of Climate 26, no. 22 (2013): 8850–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00306.1.

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Abstract Deep tropical convection over the Indian Ocean leads to intense diabatic heating, a main driver of the climate system. The Northern Hemisphere circulation and precipitation associated with intraseasonal and seasonal-to-interannual components of the leading pattern of Indian Ocean convection are investigated for November–April 1979–2008. The leading pattern of Indian Ocean convection is separated into intraseasonal and seasonal-to-interannual components by filtering an index of outgoing longwave radiation at 33–105 days and greater than 105 days, yielding Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO

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8

Jin, Xiaolin, Young-Oh Kwon, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, et al. "Influences of Pacific Climate Variability on Decadal Subsurface Ocean Heat Content Variations in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 31, no. 10 (2018): 4157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0654.1.

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Abstract Decadal variabilities in Indian Ocean subsurface ocean heat content (OHC; 50–300 m) since the 1950s are examined using ocean reanalyses. This study elaborates on how Pacific variability modulates the Indian Ocean on decadal time scales through both oceanic and atmospheric pathways. High correlations between OHC and thermocline depth variations across the entire Indian Ocean Basin suggest that OHC variability is primarily driven by thermocline fluctuations. The spatial pattern of the leading mode of decadal Indian Ocean OHC variability closely matches the regression pattern of OHC on t

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9

Tokinaga, Hiroki, Shang-Ping Xie, Axel Timmermann, et al. "Regional Patterns of Tropical Indo-Pacific Climate Change: Evidence of the Walker Circulation Weakening." Journal of Climate 25, no. 5 (2012): 1689–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00263.1.

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Regional patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific climate change are investigated over the last six decades based on a synthesis of in situ observations and ocean model simulations, with a focus on physical consistency among sea surface temperature (SST), cloud, sea level pressure (SLP), surface wind, and subsurface ocean temperature. A newly developed bias-corrected surface wind dataset displays westerly trends over the western tropical Pacific and easterly trends over the tropical Indian Ocean, indicative of a slowdown of the Walker circulation. This pattern of wind change is consistent with that o

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Remy, Frédérique, and Benoît Legresy. "Subglacial hydrological networks in Antarctica and their impact on ice flow." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814401.

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AbstractDeep beneath the thick ice cover of the Antarctic continent there exist subglacial hydrological networks, within which basal meltwater can flow. In this paper, we use surface elevation data from European Remote-sensing Satellite radar altimetry to map these subglacial hydrological networks for the whole continent. We observe a confused pattern of subglacial systems, linking regions where basal melting takes place. In some regions, channels can be followed over some hundreds of kilometres. Some of these meet the ice-sheet margin, suggesting that meltwater can be transported all the way

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Serreze, Mark C., and Andrew P. Barrett. "The Summer Cyclone Maximum over the Central Arctic Ocean." Journal of Climate 21, no. 5 (2008): 1048–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1810.1.

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Abstract A fascinating feature of the northern high-latitude circulation is a prominent summer maximum in cyclone activity over the Arctic Ocean, centered near the North Pole in the long-term mean. This pattern is associated with the influx of lows generated over the Eurasian continent and cyclogenesis over the Arctic Ocean itself. Its seasonal onset is linked to the following: an eastward shift in the Urals trough, migration of the 500-hPa vortex core to near the pole, and development of a separate region of high-latitude baroclinicity. The latter two features are consistent with differential

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12

Xu, Qi, Zhaoyong Guan, Dachao Jin, and Dingzhu Hu. "Regional Characteristics of Interannual Variability of Summer Rainfall in the Maritime Continent and Their Related Anomalous Circulation Patterns." Journal of Climate 32, no. 14 (2019): 4179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0480.1.

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Abstract Using the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and Global Precipitation Climatology Project monthly rainfall, we have investigated the regional features of interannual variations of rainfall in the Maritime Continent (MC) and their related anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns during boreal summer by employing the rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis. Our results demonstrate that the rainfall variabilities in the MC are of very striking regional characteristics. The MC is divided into four independent subregions on the basis of the leading REOF modes; these subregions are locate

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13

Kim, Hye-Mi, Daehyun Kim, Frederic Vitart, Violeta E. Toma, Jong-Seong Kug, and Peter J. Webster. "MJO Propagation across the Maritime Continent in the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System." Journal of Climate 29, no. 11 (2016): 3973–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0862.1.

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Abstract The characteristics of the MJO propagation across the Maritime Continent are investigated using a 20-yr reforecast dataset from the ECMWF ensemble prediction system. Analysis of the MJO events initialized over the Indian Ocean (phase 2) shows that the initial MJO amplitude and prediction skill relationship is not linear, particularly when the predictions start in moderate (between strong and weak) MJO amplitude category. To examine the key factors that determine the prediction skill, reforecasts in the moderate category are grouped into high- and low-skill events, and the differences

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14

Srivastava, Abhishekh K., and Timothy DelSole. "Robust Forced Response in South Asian Summer Monsoon in a Future Climate." Journal of Climate 27, no. 20 (2014): 7849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00599.1.

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Abstract A robust response of South Asian summer monsoon precipitation to increasing greenhouse gas concentration during the twenty-first century is identified in 23 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The pattern of this response is dominated by two dipole structures, one oriented east–west across the Maritime Continent and another oriented north–south across the equatorial Indian Ocean, and is characterized by enhanced rainfall in South Asia and diminished rainfall over the Maritime Continent. The response is robust in the sense that the same pattern has a trend

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DIJKSTRA, KLAAS-DOUWE B. "Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)." Zootaxa 1438, no. 1 (2007): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1438.1.2.

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The taxonomy and biogeography of the western representatives of the largely Papuan-Australian genus Hemicordulia are discussed and compared with other alate fauna including butterflies, birds, bats and other dragonflies. Specimens from Malawi, Mozambique, Réunion, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda were compared with Indian specimens of H. asiatica, with which they were previously regarded conspecific. They are found to be distinct and are described as the continental H. africana n. sp. and those from Réunion as H. atrovirens n. sp. The three species were compared with H. similis of Madagascar

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Carvalho, Maria João, Sean F. Milton, and José M. Rodríguez. "Assessment of the Teleconnection Patterns Affecting July Precipitation in China and Their Forcing Mechanisms in the Met Office Unified Model." Journal of Climate 33, no. 13 (2020): 5727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0656.1.

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AbstractIn this study, we evaluate the ability of the MetUM to reproduce the Silk Road (SR) and Europe–China (EC) teleconnection patterns and their relationship with precipitation over China. The SR and EC patterns are the main modes of interannual variability of July upper-tropospheric meridional wind. The three main factors to the formation of these patterns are analyzed: 1) the tropical precipitation anomalies, which act as a forcing mechanism; 2) the emission of Rossby waves in the Mediterranean–Caspian Sea region; and 3) the basic state of the tropospheric jet over Eurasia. It was found t

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17

Hung, Chih-wen, Ho-Jiunn Lin, and Huang-Hsiung Hsu. "Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Winter Rainfall in Taiwan." Journal of Climate 27, no. 12 (2014): 4521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00435.1.

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Abstract This study discusses major impacts of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the winter (November–April) rainfall in Taiwan. The results show that Taiwan has more rainfall in MJO phases 3 and 4 (MJO convectively active phase in the Indian Ocean and the western part of the Maritime Continent), and less rainfall in phases 7 and 8 (the western Pacific warm pool area). Mechanisms associated with the MJO are suggested as follows. 1) The tropics to midlatitude wave train: when the MJO moves to the middle Indian Ocean, a Matsuno–Gill-type pattern is induced. The feature of this tropical atmo

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18

Zhang, Lixia, and Tianjun Zhou. "The Interannual Variability of Summer Upper-Tropospheric Temperature over East Asia." Journal of Climate 25, no. 19 (2012): 6539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00583.1.

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Abstract By using 55-yr NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, two dominant interannual variability modes of summer upper-tropospheric (500–200 hPa) temperature over East Asia are identified. The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF1) mode in its positive sign features a monopole cooling anomaly, while the second mode (EOF2) features a meridional dipole mode, with the positive (negative) center located south (north) of 35°N. The EOF1 (EOF2) mode is associated with ENSO developing (decaying) summers. They are the result of dynamical teleconnections remotely induced by ENSO and local moist processes. Du

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Mestas-Nuñez, Alberto M., Abderrahim Bentamy, and Kristina B. Katsaros. "Seasonal and El Niño Variability in Weekly Satellite Evaporation over the Global Ocean during 1996–98." Journal of Climate 19, no. 10 (2006): 2025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3721.1.

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Abstract The seasonal and anomaly variability of satellite-derived weekly latent heat fluxes occurring over the global oceans during a 3-yr period (January 1996–December 1998) is investigated using EOF and harmonic analyses. The seasonal cycle of latent heat flux is estimated by least squares fitting the first three (annual, semiannual, and 4 month) harmonics to the data. The spatial patterns of amplitudes of these harmonics agree well with the corresponding patterns for wind speed. The annual harmonic captures an oscillation that reflects high evaporation in late fall/early winter and low eva

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Lu, Rui, Zhiwei Zhu, Tim Li, and Haiyang Zhang. "Interannual and Interdecadal Variabilities of Spring Rainfall over Northeast China and Their Associated Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly Forcings." Journal of Climate 33, no. 4 (2020): 1423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0302.1.

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AbstractAn empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was conducted for spring precipitation gauge data over northeast China (NEC). The first EOF mode is characterized by a homogenous rainfall pattern throughout NEC. The corresponding principal component has both significant interannual and interdecadal variations. This leading mode explains a large portion of the total NEC spring rainfall (NECSR) variances and is statistically independent from other higher modes. The physical processes responsible for the interannual and interdecadal variabilities were investigated via observational diagnos

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Gao, Wenjuan, Song Yang, Xiaoming Hu, Wei Wei, and Yanglin Xiao. "Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Spring SST Anomalies in the South China Sea and Its Adjacent Regions." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (2019): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110649.

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Characteristics of the springtime sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the South China Sea and its adjacent regions (SCSAR), as well as their possible impacts on the Asian and Indo-Pacific climate, were investigated by using multiple datasets. According to the result from an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on the spring SSTAs in the SCSAR, the dominant pattern is a uniformly warming pattern in the whole SCSAR region. While the second mode is a sandwich pattern with cold SSTA over the central SCSAR centered near 10° N, flanked by warm SSTA over the northern oceans near 25°

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Wang, Huijun, and Shengping He. "The North China/Northeastern Asia Severe Summer Drought in 2014." Journal of Climate 28, no. 17 (2015): 6667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0202.1.

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Abstract In summer 2014, north China and large areas of northeastern Asia (NCNEA) suffered from the most severe drought of the past 60 years. This study indicates that the East Asian summer precipitation in 2014 exhibited a tripole anomaly, with severe negative anomalies in NCNEA, strong positive anomalies in south China, South Korea, and Japan, and intense negative anomalies in the western North Pacific. Along with the severe tripole precipitation anomalies, there were strong intensities of the Silk Road pattern, the Pacific–Japan pattern, and the Eurasian teleconnection pattern, which were r

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Tseng, Kai-Chih, Eric Maloney, and Elizabeth Barnes. "The Consistency of MJO Teleconnection Patterns: An Explanation Using Linear Rossby Wave Theory." Journal of Climate 32, no. 2 (2018): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0211.1.

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Abstract The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) excites strong variations in extratropical atmospheric circulations that have important implications for subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction. A previous study showed that particular MJO phases are characterized by a consistent modulation of geopotential heights in the North Pacific and adjacent regions across different MJO events, and demonstrated that this consistency is beneficial for extended numerical weather forecasts (i.e., lead times of two weeks to one month). In this study, we examine the physical mechanisms that lead some MJO phases t

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Tan, Xin, Ming Bao, and Xuejuan Ren. "Energetics of the Western Hemisphere Circulation Pattern." Journal of Climate 32, no. 22 (2019): 7857–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0211.1.

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Abstract The Western Hemisphere (WH) circulation pattern, identified by self-organizing maps cluster analysis, is a low-frequency atmospheric regime that influences the fluctuations of large-scale circulation over the North Pacific–North American–North Atlantic areas. The reanalysis datasets from ECMWF are used to estimate the energetics of the WH pattern in this study. The composite results based on monthly WH events reveal that the kinetic energy (KE) associated with the WH pattern is maintained through the barotropic conversion from the climatological-mean westerlies, mainly in the Atlantic

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Zhou, M. P., and G. H. Wang. "Responses of atmospheric circulation to sea surface temperature anomalies in the South China Sea." Ocean Science 11, no. 6 (2015): 873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-11-873-2015.

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Abstract. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the South China Sea (SCS) and their influences on global atmospheric circulation were studied. The results of a simple atmospheric model suggested that the SCS SST anomalies can induce several barotropic wave trains from the SCS to other regions such as North America, high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere and the Mediterranean. The baroclinic stream function anomalies from the simple model showed an anticyclonic vortex pair in the Asian continent and the northern and southern Indian Ocean and a cyclonic vortex in the North Pacific an

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Zhang, Qiong, Karin Holmgren, and Hanna Sundqvist. "Decadal Rainfall Dipole Oscillation over Southern Africa Modulated by Variation of Austral Summer Land–Sea Contrast along the East Coast of Africa." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 5 (2015): 1827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0079.1.

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Abstract A rainfall dipole mode characterized by negative correlation between subtropical southern Africa and equatorial eastern Africa is identified in instrumental observation data in the recent 100 years. The dipole mode shows a pronounced oscillation signal at a time scale of about 18 years. This study investigates the underlying dynamical mechanisms responsible for this dipole pattern. It is found that the southern African rainfall dipole index is highly correlated to the land–sea contrast along the east coast of Africa. When the land–sea thermal contrast strengthens, the easterly flow to

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Zhu, Zhiwei, Tim Li, and Jinhai He. "Out-of-Phase Relationship between Boreal Spring and Summer Decadal Rainfall Changes in Southern China*." Journal of Climate 27, no. 3 (2014): 1083–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00180.1.

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Abstract A multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MV-EOF) analysis for 1979–2010 shows that low-level circulation and rainfall over East Asia experienced a significant decadal shift around the mid-1990s. During boreal spring (March–May), the first principal component (PC) of the MV-EOF exhibits a marked decadal change around the mid-1990s, while during boreal summer (June–August) the second PC shows a pronounced decadal shift around the same time. It is further noted that the decadal rainfall change over southern China experienced an out-of-phase relationship between boreal spring and sum

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Qie, Xiushu, Xueke Wu, Tie Yuan, Jianchun Bian, and Daren Lu. "Comprehensive Pattern of Deep Convective Systems over the Tibetan Plateau–South Asian Monsoon Region Based on TRMM Data." Journal of Climate 27, no. 17 (2014): 6612–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00076.1.

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Abstract Diurnal and seasonal variation, intensity, and structure of deep convective systems (DCSs; with 20-dBZ echo tops exceeding 14 km) over the Tibetan Plateau–South Asian monsoon region from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to the ocean are investigated using 14 yr of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Four unique regions characterized by different orography are selected for comparison, including the TP, the southern Himalayan front (SHF), the South Asian subcontinent (SAS), and the ocean. DCSs and intense DCSs (IDCSs; with 40-dBZ echo tops exceeding 10 km) occur more frequently ove

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Marrero-Betancort, Nerea, Javier Marcello, Dionisio Rodríguez Esparragón, and Santiago Hernández-León. "Wind variability in the Canary Current during the last 70 years." Ocean Science 16, no. 4 (2020): 951–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-16-951-2020.

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Abstract. Climate evolves following natural variability, and knowledge of these trends is of paramount importance to understand future scenarios in the frame of global change. Obtaining local data is also of importance since climatic anomalies depend on the geographical area. In this sense, the Canary Current is located in one of the major eastern boundary current systems and is mainly driven by the trade winds. The latter promote Ekman transport and give rise to one of the most important upwelling zones of the world on the northwest African coast. Nearly 30 years ago, Bakun (1990) raised a hy

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Feng, Xiao, Renguang Wu, Jiepeng Chen, and Zhiping Wen. "Factors for Interannual Variations of September–October Rainfall in Hainan, China." Journal of Climate 26, no. 22 (2013): 8962–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00728.1.

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Abstract The present study investigates the year-to-year variations of September–October rainfall in Hainan, China, for the period 1965–2010. The dominant circulation anomalies feature a cyclone (an anticyclone) over the Indochina Peninsula and northern South China Sea, an anticyclone (a cyclone) over subtropical western North Pacific and lower-level convergence (divergence) over the Maritime Continent in the wet (dry) years. These circulation anomalies are responses to an east–west sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern with negative (positive) SST anomalies in the equatorial central P

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Li, Xiao-Feng, Jingjing Yu, and Yun Li. "Recent Summer Rainfall Increase and Surface Cooling over Northern Australia since the Late 1970s: A Response to Warming in the Tropical Western Pacific." Journal of Climate 26, no. 18 (2013): 7221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00786.1.

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Abstract Rainfall over northern Australia (NA) in austral summer is the largest water source of Australia. Previous studies have suggested a strong zonal-dipole trend pattern in austral summer rainfall since 1950, with rainfall increasing in northwest Australia (NWA) but decreasing in northeast Australia (NEA). The dynamics of rainfall increase in NWA was linked to sea surface temperature (SST) in the south Indian Ocean and the rainfall decrease in NEA was associated with SST in the northeast Indian Ocean. This study reports that, in contrast to a zonal-dipole trend pattern, a dominant wetting

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Jiang, Xingwen, and Mingfang Ting. "A Dipole Pattern of Summertime Rainfall across the Indian Subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Climate 30, no. 23 (2017): 9607–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0914.1.

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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has long been regarded as a key driver for the formation and variations of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Recent studies, however, have indicated that the ISM also exerts a considerable impact on rainfall variations in the TP, suggesting that the ISM and the TP should be considered as an interactive system. From this perspective, the covariability of the July–August mean rainfall across the Indian subcontinent (IS) and the TP is investigated. It is found that the interannual variation of IS and TP rainfall exhibits a dipole pattern in which rainfall in the central an

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Tanaka, Sho, Kazuaki Nishii, and Hisashi Nakamura. "Vertical Structure and Energetics of the Western Pacific Teleconnection Pattern." Journal of Climate 29, no. 18 (2016): 6597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0549.1.

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Abstract The western Pacific (WP) pattern, characterized by north–south dipolar anomalies in pressure over the Far East and western North Pacific, is known as one of the dominant teleconnection patterns in the wintertime Northern Hemisphere. Composite analysis reveals that monthly height anomalies exhibit baroclinic structure with their phase lines tilting southwestward with height in the lower troposphere. The anomalies can thus yield not only a poleward heat flux across the climatological thermal gradient across the strong Pacific jet but also a westward heat flux across the climatological t

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Yadav, Priyanka, and David M. Straus. "Circulation Response to Fast and Slow MJO Episodes." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 5 (2017): 1577–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0352.1.

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Abstract Fast and slow Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) episodes have been identified from 850- and 200-hPa zonal wind and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) for 32 winters (16 October–17 March) 1980/81–2011/12. For 26 fast cases the OLR took no more than 10 days to propagate from phase 3 (convection over the Indian Ocean) to phase 6 (convection over the western Pacific). For 8 slow cases the propagation took at least 20 days. Fast episode composite anomalies of 500-hPa height (Z500) show a developing Rossby wave in the mid-Pacific with downstream propagation through MJO phases 2–4. Changes in t

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Seager, Richard, Yochanan Kushnir, Mingfang Ting, Mark Cane, Naomi Naik, and Jennifer Miller. "Would Advance Knowledge of 1930s SSTs Have Allowed Prediction of the Dust Bowl Drought?*." Journal of Climate 21, no. 13 (2008): 3261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2134.1.

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Abstract Could the Dust Bowl drought of the 1930s have been predicted in advance if the SST anomalies of the 1930s had been foreknown? Ensembles of model simulations forced with historical observed SSTs in the global ocean, and also separately in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, are compared with an ensemble begun in January 1929 with modeled atmosphere and land initial conditions and integrated through the 1930s with climatological SSTs. The ensemble with climatological SSTs produces values for the precipitation averaged over 1932–39 that are not statistically different from model cl

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Cheng, Huaqiong, Tongwen Wu, and Wenjie Dong. "Thermal Contrast between the Middle-Latitude Asian Continent and Adjacent Ocean and Its Connection to the East Asian Summer Precipitation." Journal of Climate 21, no. 19 (2008): 4992–5007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2047.1.

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Abstract To analyze the middle-to-lower-troposphere atmospheric thermal contrast between the middle latitude over the Asian continent and over its eastern adjacent ocean near Japan, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data of the June–August (JJA) 500-hPa geopotential height over the Asia–Pacific area (10°–80°N, 60°–180°E) during 1958–2000 was done. It shows that the dominating pattern of the thermal contrast may well be represented by a “seesaw” of 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies between a land area (40°–55°N, 75°–90°E) and an oceanic

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37

O'Farrell, Siobhan P., and William M. Connolley. "Comparison of warming trends predicted over the next century around Antarctica from two coupled models." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-576-582.

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This paper investigales the climate change in two atmosphere ice-ocean coupled climate models — the UKMO and the CSIRO— in the Antarctic region over the next century. The objectives were to sec if an enhanced level of greenhouse-gas forcing results in a surface temperature signal above background variability, and to see if this pattern of change resembles the change seen to date in Antarctica, especially the warming around the Peninsula. The models show that although reduced sea-ice compactness is responsible for regions of enhanced air-temperature anomalies, these ice-compactness anomalies ar

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Mardiansyah, Wijaya, Dedi Setiabudidaya, M. Yusup Nur Khakim, Indra Yustian, Zulkifli Dahlan, and Iskhaq Iskandar. "On the Influence of Enso And IOD on Rainfall Variability Over The Musi Basin, South Sumatra." Science and Technology Indonesia 3, no. 4 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2018.3.4.157-163.

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The southern Sumatera region experiences one rainy season and one dry season in a year associated with seasonal change in monsoonal winds. The peak of rainy season is occurring in November-December-January during the northwest monsoon season, while the dry season comes in June-July-August during the southeast monsoon season. This study is designed to evaluate possible influence of the coupled ocean-atmospheric modes in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, namely the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on the rainfall variability over the catchment area of the Mus

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Wu, Bingyi, Jingzhi Su, and Rosanne D’Arrigo. "Patterns of Asian Winter Climate Variability and Links to Arctic Sea Ice." Journal of Climate 28, no. 17 (2015): 6841–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00274.1.

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Abstract This paper describes two dominant patterns of Asian winter climate variability: the Siberian high (SH) pattern and the Asia–Arctic (AA) pattern. The former depicts atmospheric variability closely associated with the intensity of the Siberian high, and the latter characterizes the teleconnection pattern of atmospheric variability between Asia and the Arctic, which is distinct from the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The AA pattern plays more important roles in regulating winter precipitation and the 850-hPa meridional wind component over East Asia than the SH pattern, which controls surface a

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Jiang, Wenping, Gen Li, and Gongjie Wang. "Effect of the El Niño Decaying Pace on the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation Pattern during Post-El Niño Summers." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020140.

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El Niño events vary from case to case with different decaying paces. In this study, we demonstrate that the different El Niño decaying paces have distinct impacts on the East Asian monsoon circulation pattern during post-El Niño summers. For fast decaying (FD) El Niño summers, a large-scale anomalous anticyclone dominates over East Asia and the North Pacific from subtropical to mid-latitude; whereas, the East Asian monsoon circulation display a dipole pattern with anomalous northern cyclone and southern anticyclone for slow decaying (SD) El Niño summers. The difference in anomalous East Asian

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Croci-Maspoli, Mischa, and Huw C. Davies. "Key Dynamical Features of the 2005/06 European Winter." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 2 (2009): 664–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008mwr2533.1.

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Abstract A three-part study of the anomalously cold European winter of 2005/06 is undertaken. Climatological analysis indicates that the dominant pattern of climate variability in the Euro–Atlantic sector during this winter was not a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), but a pattern with a “blocklike” center located immediately upstream of the continent. Synoptic-dynamical diagnosis of the winter indicates the frequent occurrence of long-lasting blocks in this region, and a Lagrangian trajectory analysis points to the significant role of cloud-diabatic effects in the dynami

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Ding, Weiwei, and Jiabiao Li. "Conjugate margin pattern of the Southwest Sub‐basin, South China Sea: insights from deformation structures in the continent‐ocean transition zone." Geological Journal 51, S1 (2015): 524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.2733.

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Hegarty, J., H. Mao, and R. Talbot. "Winter- and summertime continental influences on tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> and CO observed by TES over the western North Atlantic Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 8 (2010): 3723–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3723-2010.

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Abstract. The distributions of tropospheric ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO), and the synoptic factors regulating these distributions over the western North Atlantic Ocean during winter and summer were investigated using profile retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) for 2004–2006. Seasonal composites of TES retrievals, reprocessed to remove the influence of the a priori on geographical and seasonal structure, exhibited strong seasonal differences. At the 681 hPa level during winter months of December, January and February (DJF) the composite O3 mixing ratios were unif

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Wang, Lin, and Wen Chen. "An Intensity Index for the East Asian Winter Monsoon." Journal of Climate 27, no. 6 (2014): 2361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00086.1.

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Abstract The thermal contrast between the Asian continent and the adjacent oceans is the primary aspect of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) that can be well represented in the sea level pressure (SLP) field. Based on this consideration, a new SLP-based index measuring the intensity of the EAWM is proposed by explicitly taking into account both the east–west and the north–south pressure gradients around East Asia. The new index can delineate the EAWM-related circulation anomalies well, including the deepened (shallow) midtropospheric East Asian trough, sharpened and accelerated (widened and

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Rathore, Saurabh, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Helen E. Phillips, and Ming Feng. "Near-Surface Salinity Reveals the Oceanic Sources of Moisture for Australian Precipitation through Atmospheric Moisture Transport." Journal of Climate 33, no. 15 (2020): 6707–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0579.1.

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AbstractThe long-term trend of sea surface salinity (SSS) reveals an intensification of the global hydrological cycle due to human-induced climate change. This study demonstrates that SSS variability can also be used as a measure of terrestrial precipitation on interseasonal to interannual time scales, and to locate the source of moisture. Seasonal composites during El Niño–Southern Oscillation/Indian Ocean dipole (ENSO/IOD) events are used to understand the variations of moisture transport and precipitation over Australia, and their association with SSS variability. As ENSO/IOD events evolve,

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Leal, Josó H., and Philippe Bouchet. "Distribution patterns and dispersal of prosobranch gastropods along a seamount chain in the Atlantic Ocean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, no. 1 (1991): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400037358.

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Based on qualitative data on prosobranch gastropods present at eight seamounts and islands of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain off the eastern coast of Brazil, similarities at the species level are examined, and the effects of selection for different modes of development varying with increasing distance from the coast are investigated. Number of species decreases significantly from the continent towards easternmost localities. Similarity coefficients and cluster analysis suggest that similarities are greater among the western seamounts, followed by the eastern, most oceanic localities. Subt

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Yu, Lisan. "Emerging Pattern of Wind Change over the Eurasian Marginal Seas Revealed by Three Decades of Satellite Ocean-Surface Wind Observations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (2021): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091707.

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This study provides the first full characterization of decadal changes of surface winds over 10 marginal seas along the Eurasian continent using satellite wind observations. During the three decades (1988–2018), surface warming has occurred in all seas at a rate more pronounced in the South European marginal seas (0.4–0.6 °C per decade) than in the monsoon-influenced North Indian and East Asian marginal seas (0.1–0.2 °C per decade). However, surface winds have not strengthened everywhere. On a basin average, winds have increased over the marginal seas in the subtropical/mid-latitudes, with the

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Parkinson, Claire L. "Trends in the length of the Southern Ocean sea-ice season, 1979–99." Annals of Glaciology 34 (2002): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817482.

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AbstractSatellite passive-microwave data have been used to calculate and map the length of the sea-ice season throughout the Southern Ocean for each year 1979–99. Mapping the slopes of the lines of linear least-squares fit through the 21 years of resulting season-length data reveals a detailed pattern of trends in the length of the sea-ice season around the Antarctic continent. Specifically, most of the Ross Sea ice cover has, on average over the 21 years, undergone a lengthening of the sea-ice season, whereas most of the Amundsen Sea ice cover and almost the entire Bellingshausen Sea ice cove

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Freitas, Ana Carolina Vasques, and Tércio Ambrizzi. "Changes in the Austral Winter Hadley Circulation and the Impact on Stationary Rossby Waves Propagation." Advances in Meteorology 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/980816.

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The present study investigates how changes in the Hadley Cell (HC) intensity impact the stationary Rossby waves energy propagation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics. Composites for weak and strong HC Intensity Index (HCI) were used in this analysis. The results for weak HC cases showed a wave train emanating from the subtropical central-west Indian Ocean in an arc-like route, with zonal wavenumber three in the polar jet waveguide, and reaching the north of South America. For strong HC cases, the wave train is also trapped inside the polar jet waveguide with zonal wavenumber four, em

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Wilson, J. Tuzo. "Convection tectonics: some possible effects upon the Earth's surface of flow from the deep mantle." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 8 (1988): 1199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-117.

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Until a little more than a century ago the land surface not only was the only part of the Earth accessible to humans but also was the only part for which geophysical and geochemical methods could then provide any details. Since then scientists have developed ways to study the ocean floors and some details of the interior of the Earth to ever greater depths. These discoveries have followed one another more and more rapidly, and now results have been obtained from all depths of the Earth.New methods have not contradicted or greatly disturbed either old methods or old results. Hence, it has been

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