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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean ridge basalts'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Arvin, Mohsen, and Paul T. Robinson. "The petrogenesis and tectonic setting of lavas from the Baft Ophiolitic Mélange, southwest of Kerman, Iran." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 5 (1994): 824–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-076.

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A Late Cretaceous ophiolite complex in the Baft area, southwest of Kerman, Iran, is characteristic of the Central Iranian Ophiolitic Mélange Belt, which wraps around the Lut Block. Despite the extensive tectonic disruption of the Baft complex, most ophiolitic lithologies are present and many original igneous contacts are preserved. A lack of cumulate gabbros within the sequence suggests that a large and continuous magma chamber did not exist beneath the Baft spreading axis. Geochemical data confirm the presence of two distinct compositional groups in the mafic lavas: (1) tholeiitic basalt and

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2

Fryer, Brian J., and John D. Greenough. "Evidence for mantle heterogeneity from platinum-group-element abundances in Indian Ocean basalts." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 11 (1992): 2329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-181.

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Oceanic-island tholeiitic basalts recovered from four sunken oceanic islands along the Reunion hot-spot trace show trace-element and mineralogical characteristics ranging from typical oceanic-island tholeiites to incompatible-element-depleted tholeiites resembling mid-ocean-ridge basalts. There are also variable degrees of magma evolution at each island. Noble metal (Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir) abundances tend to decrease with magma evolution and with magma "alkalinity", indicating that the metals behave as compatible elements during crystal fractionation processes and during mantle melting proces

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3

Sun, Kai, Tao Wu, Xuesong Liu, Xue-Gang Chen, and Chun-Feng Li. "Lithogeochemistry of the Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts near the Fossil Ridge of the Southwest Sub-Basin, South China Sea." Minerals 10, no. 5 (2020): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050465.

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Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) in the South China Sea (SCS) record deep crust-mantle processes during seafloor spreading. We conducted a petrological and geochemical study on the MORBs obtained from the southwest sub-basin of the SCS at site U1433 and U1434 of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 349. Results show that MORBs at IODP site U1433 and U1434 are unaffected by seawater alteration, and all U1433 and the bulk of U1434 rocks belong to the sub-alkaline low-potassium tholeiitic basalt series. Samples collected from site U1433 and U1434 are enriched mid-ocean ridge

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4

Hu, Wen-Jun, Hong Zhong, Wei-Guang Zhu, and Zhong-Jie Bai. "Rift- and subduction-related crustal sequences in the Jinshajiang ophiolitic mélange, SW China: Insights into the eastern Paleo-Tethys." Lithosphere 11, no. 6 (2019): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/l1091.1.

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Abstract The Paleozoic Jinshajiang ophiolitic mélange in southwest China marks an important branch ocean (i.e., the Jinshajiang Ocean) of the Paleo-Tethys. Basic-intermediate rocks are widespread features in the mélange; their formation age is well known, but the petrogenesis has not been well studied, which means that the evolutionary history of the Jinshajiang Ocean is not well constrained. To understand the nature of the mélange and the ocean, we present a set of elemental and isotopic data from two typical crustal sequences in two areas of the Jinshajiang ophiolitic mélange, Zhiyong and Ba

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Andrew, Anne, and Colin I. Godwin. "Lead- and strontium-isotope geochemistry of the Karmutsen Formation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 5 (1989): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-073.

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Lead-isotope whole-rock ratios of the Triassic flood basalts of the Karmutsen Formation are heterogeneous, with 206Pb/2MPb = 18.72–21.51, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.56–15.77, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.16–40.15. Whole-rock lead initial ratios are coincident with galena analyses having 206Pb/204Pb = 18.1–19.0, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.53–15.60, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.2–38.6. Lead, uranium, and thorium concentrations are greater than for mid-ocean-ridge basalts, less than for island arcs, but similar to those in ocean-island and continental flood basalts. Isotopic similarities exist between the Columbia River – Chilcotin

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6

HU, WEN-JUN, HONG ZHONG, WEI-GUANG ZHU, and XIAO-HU HE. "Elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic geochemistry of the basalts and microgabbros in the Shuanggou ophiolite, SW China: implication for the evolution of the Palaeotethys Ocean." Geological Magazine 152, no. 2 (2014): 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756814000259.

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AbstractThe Early Palaeozoic Shuanggou ophiolite is the best-preserved part of the Ailaoshan ophiolite belt. The microgabbros (basaltic dykes) and basalts (basaltic lavas) show distinct characteristics in geochemistry, implying that their genetic mechanisms are different. With Al2O3 contents ranging from 14.7% to 17.0%, the microgabbros belong to low-alumina type. They exhibit normal mid-ocean-ridge basalt (N-MORB) -like trace elemental characteristics with positive εNd(t) values (9.7–11.6) and slightly variable (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7036–0.7046). In contrast, the basalts have high Al2O3 cont

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7

Li, Hengxu, Mengqi Gao, Xiaohui Ji, Zhaochong Zhang, Zhiguo Cheng, and M. Santosh. "Machine Learning-Based Tectonic Discrimination Using Basalt Element Geochemical Data: Insights into the Carboniferous–Permian Tectonic Regime of Western Tianshan Orogen." Minerals 15, no. 2 (2025): 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020122.

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Identifying the tectonic setting of rocks is essential for gaining insights into the geological contexts in which these rocks were formed, aiding in tectonic plate reconstruction and enhancing our comprehensive understanding of the Earth’s history. The application of machine learning algorithms helps identify complex patterns and relationships between big data that may be overlooked by binary or ternary tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams based on basalt compositions. In this study, three machine learning algorithms, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradi

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8

Cousens, Brian, Jarda Dostal, and T. S. Hamilton. "A near-ridge origin for seamounts at the southern terminus of the Pratt-Welker Seamount Chain, northeast Pacific Ocean." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 6 (1999): 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-008.

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Three seamounts close to the south end of the Pratt-Welker Seamount Chain, Gulf of Alaska, have been sampled to test whether or not mantle plume-related volcanism extends south of Bowie Seamount. Lavas recovered from Oshawa, Drifters, and Graham seamounts are weathered, Mn-encrusted pillow lavas and sheet-flow fragments, commonly with glassy rims. The glasses and holocrystalline rocks are tholeiitic basalts, with light rare earth element depleted to flat primitive mantle normalized incompatible element patterns and radiogenic isotope compositions within the ranges of mid-ocean ridge and near-r

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9

Daspan, R.I, J.A Yakubu, and U.A. Lar. "GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GABBROIC INTRUSIVE BODIES IN THE SHA-KALERI YOUNGER GRANITE COMPLEX, CENTRAL NIGERIA." Continental J. Earth Sciences 2 (November 7, 2007): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.824281.

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Large discrete gabbroic intrusive bodies outcrop within the Tof sub-unit of the Sha-Kaleri Jurassic Younger Granite Complex, situated at the southwestern end of the Jos Plateau.They were sampled and analysed for their major and trace element compositions with a view to determining their geochemical characteristics and tectonic setting The gabbroic rocks co-exist with hybrid rocks of composition in-between the gabbros and the granite porphyry and the extrusive equivalent basaltic rocks. The rocks are composed essentially of plagioclase and hornblende with minor pyroxene (titaniferous augite) an

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10

Fujii, Toshitsugu. "Genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalts." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42, no. 1 (1989): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.09.

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11

RAY, DWIJESH, SAUMITRA MISRA, RANADIP BANERJEE, and DOMINIQUE WEIS. "Geochemical implications of gabbro from the slow-spreading Northern Central Indian Ocean Ridge, Indian Ocean." Geological Magazine 148, no. 3 (2010): 404–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681000083x.

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AbstractGabbro samples (c. < 0.4 Ma old) dredged from close to the ‘Vityaz Megamullion’ on the slow-spreading Northern Central Indian Ridge (NCIR, 18–22 mm yr−1) include mostly olivine gabbro and Fe–Ti oxide gabbro. The cumulate olivine gabbro shows ophitic to subophitic texture with early formed plagioclase crystals in mutual contact with each other, and a narrow range of compositions of olivine (Fo80–81), clinopyroxene (magnesium number: 85–87) and plagioclase (An67–70). This olivine gabbro could be geochemically cogenetic with the evolved oxide gabbro. These gabbro samples are geochemica

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12

Dostal, J., G. D. Jackson, and A. Galley. "Geochemistry of Neohelikian Nauyat plateau basalts, Borden rift basin, northwestern Baffin Island, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 11 (1989): 2214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-188.

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Subaerial basalt flows of the Neohelikian Nauyat Formation from northwestern Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, constitute an approximately 360 m thick unit that overlies an Archean–Aphebian metamorphic basement. The lavas have undergone a low-grade regional metamorphism that affected the abundances of Na, K, and related trace elements. The basalts are continental tholeiites possessing some characteristics of mid-ocean-ridge basalts. They underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. Mantle-normalized patterns show an enrichment of the lithophile elements,

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13

Karisiddaiah, S. M., and S. D. Iyer. "A Note on Incipient Spilitisation of Central Indian Basin Basalts." Journal Geological Society of India 39, no. 6 (1992): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1992/390609.

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Abstract Rocks dredged in the vicinity of the 79°E fracture zone, in the Central Indian Basin, are sub-alkaline basalts, which are regarded as precursors to spilites. The Minerals identified are mainly albitic plagioclase, augite, olivine, and less of chlorite, epidote and opaques. The oxide variation plots indicate a mid-ocean ridge basalt trend for the samples, which have been spilitised to varying degrees. It is suggested that the basalts formed as a result of a fissure type of eruption along the fracture zone. Subsequently, some of the basalts were spilitised probably due to hydrothermal s

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14

Gale, Allison, Colleen A. Dalton, Charles H. Langmuir, Yongjun Su, and Jean-Guy Schilling. "The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14, no. 3 (2013): 489–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012gc004334.

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15

Ren, Qiubing, Mingchao Li, Shuai Han, Ye Zhang, Qi Zhang, and Jonathan Shi. "Basalt Tectonic Discrimination Using Combined Machine Learning Approach." Minerals 9, no. 6 (2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060376.

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Geochemical discrimination of basaltic magmatism from different tectonic settings remains an essential part of recognizing the magma generation process within the Earth’s mantle. Discriminating among mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), ocean island basalt (OIB) and island arc basalt (IAB) is that matters to geologists because they are the three most concerned basalts. Being a supplement to conventional discrimination diagrams, we attempt to utilize the machine learning algorithm (MLA) for basalt tectonic discrimination. A combined MLA termed swarm optimized neural fuzzy inference system (SONFIS) wa

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16

Dalton, Colleen A., Charles H. Langmuir, and Allison Gale. "Geophysical and Geochemical Evidence for Deep Temperature Variations Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges." Science 344, no. 6179 (2014): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1249466.

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The temperature and composition of Earth’s mantle control fundamental planetary properties, including the vigor of mantle convection and the depths of the ocean basins. Seismic wave velocities, ocean ridge depths, and the composition of mid-ocean ridge basalts can all be used to determine variations in mantle temperature and composition, yet are typically considered in isolation. We show that correlations among these three data sets are consistent with 250°C variation extending to depths >400 kilometers and are inconsistent with variations in mantle composition at constant temperature. Anom

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17

MacDougall, J. D. "Isotopic Composition of Deccan and Ocean Ridge Basalts: Implications for their Mantle Sources." Journal Geological Society of India 27, no. 1 (1986): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1986/270111.

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Abstract Isotopic data suggest that the mantle sources for ocean ridge basalts and some continental flood basalts, particularly the Deccan, may be in the same global depleted convecting mantle. If this is the case, the upwelling Deccan mantle source must have mixed with small amounts of an ancient enriched mantle component, similar to that detected in some kimberlites, prior to interaction with the crust. Such a scenario appears to be required by the facts that the isotopic composition of the depleted end members is approximately constant throughout the Deccan but different from ocean ridge ba

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18

Hamilton, T. S., and J. Dostal. "Melting of heterogeneous mantle in a slab window environment: examples from the middle Tertiary Masset basalts, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no. 5 (2001): 825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-095.

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Voluminous basalts dominate a middle Tertiary bimodal volcanic assemblage in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. These moderately enriched mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB-)like magmas were associated with significant crustal extension related to the subduction of the PacificFarallon ridge and the initiation of a slab window environment, which persisted for 35 Ma. These asthenospheric melts were derived from a low degree of melting of a heterogeneous peridotite source mainly in the spinel stability field, as inferred from fractional melting inversion calculations. The basaltic

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19

Sushchevskaya, N. M., G. L. Leitchenkov, B. V. Belyatsky, and D. A. Agapitova. "Shaka Ridge (South Atlantic)—a Remnant of Continental Crust?" Geochemistry International 62, no. 12 (2024): 1332–51. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016702924700757.

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Abstract As a result of a study of igneous rocks of the basalt - andesite series, dredged on the Shaka Ridge in the South Atlantic, it was found that they differ from the basalts of mid-ocean ridges and ocean islands, and have an age of 183.8 ± 2.2 Ma, comparable to the time of manifestation of the Karoo-Maud mantle plume in central Gondwana. Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic features of the studied igneous rocks show their similarity with the Jurassic mafic complexes of the Ferrar province in Antarctica and the Falkland Islands, formed during the intrusion of the Karoo-Maud plume and under th

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20

Sobolev, Alexander V., Albrecht W. Hofmann, Dmitry V. Kuzmin, et al. "The Amount of Recycled Crust in Sources of Mantle-Derived Melts." Science 316, no. 5823 (2007): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1138113.

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Plate tectonic processes introduce basaltic crust (as eclogite) into the peridotitic mantle. The proportions of these two sources in mantle melts are poorly understood. Silica-rich melts formed from eclogite react with peridotite, converting it to olivine-free pyroxenite. Partial melts of this hybrid pyroxenite are higher in nickel and silicon but poorer in manganese, calcium, and magnesium than melts of peridotite. Olivine phenocrysts' compositions record these differences and were used to quantify the contributions of pyroxenite-derived melts in mid-ocean ridge basalts (10 to 30%), ocean isl

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21

Cousens, Brian, Dominique Weis, Marc Constantin, and Steve Scott. "Radiogenic isotopes in enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts from Explorer Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 213 (September 2017): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.032.

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22

Horkowitz, Jack, Debra Stakes, and Robert Ehrlich. "Unmixing mid-ocean ridge basalts with EXTENDED QMODEL." Tectonophysics 165, no. 1-4 (1989): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90031-0.

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23

Tomascak, Paul B., Charles H. Langmuir, Petrus J. le Roux, and Steven B. Shirey. "Lithium isotopes in global mid-ocean ridge basalts." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, no. 6 (2008): 1626–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.12.021.

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24

Goldstein, Steven J., Michael T. Murrell, and Ross W. Williams. "231Pa and230Th chronology of mid-ocean ridge basalts." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 115, no. 1-4 (1993): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(93)90219-y.

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25

Nagender Nath, B., and S. D. Iyer. "Basalt Microlapilli in Deep Sea Sediments of Indian Ocean in the Vicinity of Vityaz Fracture Zone." Journal Geological Society of India 34, no. 3 (1989): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1989/340310.

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Abstract Two cores recovered from the flanks of Mid-India oceanic ridge in the vicinity of Vityaz fracture zone consist of discrete pyroclastic layers at various depths. These layers are composed of coarse-grained, angular basaltic microlapilli in which labradorite is the major mineral set in a glassy mesostasis. Chemically the microlapilli are similar to Mid-Indian oceanic ridge basalts. The microlapilli are suggested to have been formed by the process of granulation, transportation and deposition, during Late Quaternary when lava of low viscosity erupted from small vents on a segment of Vity

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26

Amsellem, Elsa, Frédéric Moynier, James M. D. Day, Manuel Moreira, Igor S. Puchtel, and Fang-Zhen Teng. "The stable strontium isotopic composition of ocean island basalts, mid-ocean ridge basalts, and komatiites." Chemical Geology 483 (April 2018): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.030.

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27

Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy, and Rita Parai. "Noble Gases: A Record of Earth's Evolution and Mantle Dynamics." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 47, no. 1 (2019): 389–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060238.

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Noble gases have played a key role in our understanding of the origin of Earth's volatiles, mantle structure, and long-term degassing of the mantle. Here we synthesize new insights into these topics gained from high-precision noble gas data. Our analysis reveals new constraints on the origin of the terrestrial atmosphere, the presence of nebular neon but chondritic krypton and xenon in the mantle, and a memory of multiple giant impacts during accretion. Furthermore, the reservoir supplying primordial noble gases to plumes appears to be distinct from the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) reservoir

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28

DANELIAN, TANIEL, and ALASTAIR H. F. ROBERTSON. "Neotethyan evolution of eastern Greece (Pagondas Mélange, Evia island) inferred from radiolarian biostratigraphy and the geochemistry of associated extrusive rocks." Geological Magazine 138, no. 3 (2001): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801005337.

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This paper presents new radiolarian biostratigraphic and igneous/metamorphic geochemical data for a Mesozoic volcanic–sedimentary mélange on the island of Evia (Euboea or Evvoia), eastern Greece. This mélange includes dismembered thrust sheets and blocks of radiolarian chert and basalt. Biostratigraphic age data show that radiolarites interbedded with basalt-derived, coarse clastic sediments near the base of a coherent succession were deposited in Middle and Late Triassic time (Late Ladinian–Carnian, Norian?). Geochemical evidence shows that associated extrusive rocks, of inferred Triassic age

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Zhong, Yun, Weiliang Liu, Zhilei Sun, et al. "Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Basalts from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge (18.0°–20.6°S): Evidence of a Heterogeneous Mantle Source." Minerals 9, no. 11 (2019): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110659.

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The South Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a typical slow-spreading ridge that represents a modern example to understand mantle composition and the evolution of mid-ocean ridge magmatism. In this paper, we investigate basalt samples dredged from four locations along the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge ranging from 18.0° to 20.6°S. The basalts belong to the tholeiitic series and exhibit normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB) geochemical features with variable enrichments of Rb, Th, U, and Pb and depletions of Ba and Sr relative to primitive mantle. Some samples have negative Nb–Ta anomalies whereas others have p

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Bédard, Jean H., and Ross Stevenson. "The Caldwell Group lavas of southern Quebec: MORB-like tholeiites associated with the opening of Iapetus Ocean." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 6 (1999): 999–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-018.

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The Caldwell Group belongs to the Internal Nappe Domain of the Humber Zone and consists of basaltic lavas, quartzo-feldspathic sandstones, and mudslates. The lavas are clinopyroxene ± plagioclase ± olivine-phyric tholeiites, and are typically altered to epidote-, chlorite-, carbonate-, and (or) hematite-rich secondary assemblages. In most cases, the high field strength elements do not appear to have been perturbed by the alteration, and preserve magmatic signatures. Most Caldwell basalts exhibit coupled major and trace element variations compatible with low- to medium-pressure ([Formula: see t

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Seifert, Karl E., Melanie R. W. Cole, and Dale A. Brunotte. "REE mobility due to alteration of Indian Ocean basalt." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 12 (1985): 1884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-201.

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Indian Ocean basalts from DSDP site 249 on the Mozambique Ridge exhibit a progressive up-hole increase in alteration and Fe2O3/FeO and decrease in MgO and density over the approximately 3.5 m of recovered core. Abrupt increases in H2O+ and K2O and a decrease in CaO relative to lower basalt samples occur in the uppermost sample. These up-hole changes are accompanied by increasing REE and LREE/HREE and the development of a pronounced negative Ce anomaly. A rough estimate of the magnitude of chemical change is obtained by holding our most immobile element (Lu) constant.

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Cousens, Brian L., R. L. Chase, and J. G. Schilling. "Geochemistry and origin of volcanic rocks from Tuzo Wilson and Bowie seamounts, northeast Pacific Ocean." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 11 (1985): 1609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-170.

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The origin of the Tuzo Wilson Seamounts, 50 km south of the Queen Charlotte Islands, has been ascribed by various workers to either the Pratt–Welker mantle plume, which has formed the Pratt–Welker seamount chain, or the formation of a new segment of the Explorer–Juan de Fuca spreading ridge system. Abundances of major and trace elements in dredged alkali basalts from Tuzo Wilson and Bowie seamounts (360 km northwest of Tuzo Wilson Seamounts) are typical of alkaline volcanism on ocean islands associated with mantle plumes, but 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70252–0.70258) fall within the range of mid-ocea

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Maschmeyer, Christina H., Scott M. White, Brian M. Dreyer, and David A. Clague. "High-Silica Lava Morphology at Ocean Spreading Ridges: Machine-Learning Seafloor Classification at Alarcon Rise." Geosciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060245.

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The oceanic crust consists mostly of basalt, but more evolved compositions may be far more common than previously thought. To aid in distinguishing rhyolite from basaltic lava and help guide sampling and understand spatial distribution, we constructed a classifier using neural networks and fuzzy inference to recognize rhyolite from its lava morphology in sonar data. The Alarcon Rise is ideal to study the relationship between lava flow morphology and composition, because it exhibits a full range of lava compositions in a well-mapped ocean ridge segment. This study shows that the most dramatic g

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Lee, Cin-Ty A., Peter Luffi, Emily J. Chin, et al. "Copper Systematics in Arc Magmas and Implications for Crust-Mantle Differentiation." Science 336, no. 6077 (2012): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1217313.

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Arc magmas are important building blocks of the continental crust. Because many arc lavas are oxidized, continent formation is thought to be associated with oxidizing conditions. On the basis of copper’s (Cu’s) affinity for reduced sulfur phases, we tracked the redox state of arc magmas from mantle source to emplacement in the crust. Primary arc and mid-ocean ridge basalts have identical Cu contents, indicating that the redox states of primitive arc magmas are indistinguishable from that of mid-ocean ridge basalts. During magmatic differentiation, the Cu content of most arc magmas decreases ma

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35

Klein, Emily M., and Jill L. Karsten. "Ocean-ridge basalts with convergent-margin geochemical affinities from the Chile Ridge." Nature 374, no. 6517 (1995): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/374052a0.

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Panter, Kurt S., Jenna Reindel, and John L. Smellie. "Chapter 5.3b Mount Early and Sheridan Bluff: petrology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2019-2.

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AbstractThis study discusses the petrological and geochemical features of two monogenetic Miocene volcanoes, Mount Early and Sheridan Bluff, which are the above-ice expressions of Earth's southernmost volcanic field located atc.87° S on the East Antarctic Craton. Their geochemistry is compared to basalts from the West Antarctic Rift System to test affiliation and resolve mantle sources and cause of melting beneath East Antarctica. Basaltic lavas and dykes are olivine-phyric and comprise alkaline (hawaiite and mugearite) and subalkaline (tholeiite) types. Trace element abundances and ratios (e.

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Nguyen, Hoang, Ryuichi Shinjo, Thi Huong Tran, Duc Luong Le, and Duc Anh Le. "Mantle geodynamics and source domain of the East Vietnam Sea opening- induced volcanism in Vietnam and neighboring regions." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 21, no. 4 (2021): 393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16856.

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The spreading of the East Vietnam Sea (EVS, also known as Bien Dong, or the South China Sea), leading to the occurrence of syn-spreading (33-16 Ma) and post-spreading (< 16 to present) volcanism. Syn-spreading magma making up thick layers of tholeiitic basalt with a geochemical composition close to the refractory and depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) is mainly distributed inside the EVS basin. The post-spreading magma is widely distributed inside the basin and extended to South and SE China, Hainan island, Southern Laos (Bolaven), Khorat Plateau (Thailand), and Vietnam, showing the typ

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Ligi, Marco, Enrico Bonatti, Anna Cipriani, and Luisa Ottolini. "Water-rich basalts at mid-ocean-ridge cold spots." Nature 434, no. 7029 (2005): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03264.

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Elthon, Don. "Pressure of origin of primary mid-ocean ridge basalts." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42, no. 1 (1989): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.08.

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Kinzler, Rosamond J., and Timothy L. Grove. "Primary magmas of mid-ocean ridge basalts 2. Applications." Journal of Geophysical Research 97, B5 (1992): 6907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91jb02841.

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Roy-Barman, Matthieu, and Claude J. Allègre. "ratios of mid-ocean ridge basalts and abyssal peridotites." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, no. 22 (1994): 5043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90230-5.

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Kellogg, James B., Stein B. Jacobsen, and Richard J. O'Connell. "Modeling lead isotopic heterogeneity in mid-ocean ridge basalts." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 262, no. 3-4 (2007): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.018.

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Smith, Alan D., and Richard StJ Lambert. "Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for contrasting origins of late Paleozoic volcanic rocks from the Slide Mountain and Cache Creek terranes, south-central British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 4 (1995): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-038.

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The Slide Mountain and Cache Creek terranes are two prominent oceanic sutures in the Canadian Cordillera. Petrological and isotopic variations between volcanic rocks in these terranes support earlier interpretations from stratigraphic evidence that the Slide Mountain terrane represents the remnant of a late Paleozoic basin situated marginal to western North America, whereas the Cache Creek terrane represents a remnant of a much larger, open-ocean basin. Slide Mountain terrane volcanic rocks, represented by Late Pennsylvanian basalts of the Fennell Formation, resemble normal mid-oceanic ridge b

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Phillips, E. R., R. P. Barnes, R. J. Merriman, and J. D. Floyd. "The tectonic significance of Ordovician basic igneous rocks in the Southern Uplands, southwest Scotland." Geological Magazine 132, no. 5 (1995): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680002121x.

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AbstractIn the northern part of the Southern Uplands, restricted volumes of basic igneous rocks occur at or near the base of the Ordovician sedimentary strata. These rocks have previously been interpreted as ocean-floor tholeiites representative of the subducted Iapetus oceanic plate, preserved as tectonic slivers in a fore-arc accretionary prism. The alternative, back-arc basin model proposed for the Southern Uplands on sedimentological evidence raises questions over the origin of these rocks. New geochemical data and previously published data clearly indicate that the volcanic material does

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Elthon, Don. "The crystallization of mid-ocean ridge basalts at moderate and high pressures." European Journal of Mineralogy 5, no. 6 (1993): 1025–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/5/6/1025.

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46

Lei, Ming, Zhengfu Guo, Wenbin Zhao, Maoliang Zhang, and Lin Ma. "Coexisting Late Cenozoic Potassic and Sodic Basalts in NE China: Role of Recycled Oceanic Components in Intraplate Magmatism and Mantle Heterogeneity." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8875012.

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Abstract This study presents an integrated geochemical study of the Wudalianchi-Erkeshan potassic basalts and Halaha sodic basalts of NE China, and uses these data to further our understanding of the petrogenetic relationships between the coeval potassic and sodic basalts in this region. The potassic basalts with high concentrations of K2O have arc-like trace-element compositions and enriched Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions with unradiogenic 206Pb/204Pb values (16.77–16.90). In contrast, the sodic basalts with high concentrations of Na2O have OIB-like trace-element compositions and depleted Sr-

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Cousens, Brian L., and Mary Lou Bevier. "Discerning asthenospheric, lithospheric, and crustal influences on the geochemistry of Quaternary basalts from the Iskut–Unuk rivers area, northwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 9 (1995): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-117.

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Pleistocene- to Holocene-age basaltic rocks of the Iskut–Unuk rivers volcanic field, at the southern terminus of the Stikine Volcanic Belt in the northern Canadian Cordillera, provide information on the geochemical composition of the underlying mantle and processes that have modified parental magmas. Basaltic rocks from four of the six eruptive centres are moderately evolved (MgO = 5.7–6.8%) alkaline basalts with chondrite-normalized La/Sm = 1.6–1.8, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70336–0.70361, εNd = +4.4 to +5.9, and 206Pb/204Pb = 19.07–19.22. The small range of isotopic compositions and incompatible element

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Ji, Tianxiao, and Zhigang Zeng. "Trace Element Evidence of Subduction-Modified Mantle Material in South Mid-Atlantic Ridge 18–21°S Upper Mantle." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (2023): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020441.

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Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), produced at mid-ocean ridge where the continents and subduction zones are distant, are the product of partial melting of the upper mantle and their chemical composition can provide information about the mantle itself. The geochemical characteristics of MORBs enable us to be more informed about the geological processes of the upper mantle below the mid-ocean ridge, and assist us in understanding mantle heterogeneity and geodynamic processes. In this paper, new data of major elements, trace elements, and Nd-Hf isotopes of south mid-Atlantic ridge (SMAR) 18–21°S M

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MAO, QIGUI, WENJIAO XIAO, BRIAN F. WINDLEY, et al. "The Liuyuan complex in the Beishan, NW China: a Carboniferous–Permian ophiolitic fore-arc sliver in the southern Altaids." Geological Magazine 149, no. 3 (2011): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811000811.

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AbstractThe tectonic history and time of closure of the Palaeo-Asian ocean of the Altaids are issues of lively current debate. To address these issues, this paper presents detailed geological, petrological and geochemical data of the Liuyuan complex (LC) in the Beishan region in NW China, located in the southernmost Altaids, in order to constrain its age, origin and tectonic setting. The LC mainly comprises massive basalts, pillow basalts, basaltic breccias, gabbros and ultramafic rocks together with cherts and tuffs. Most prominent are gabbros and large volumes of basaltic lavas. These mafic

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McNab, Fergus, та Patrick Ball. "meltPT: A Python package for basaltic whole-rock thermobarometric analysis with application to Hawaiʻi". Volcanica 6, № 1 (2023): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.6376.

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Quantifying the depths and temperatures from which igneous rocks are derived is an important step in understanding volcanic, magmatic and mantle processes. We present meltPT, a Python package that allows users to apply twelve published whole-rock thermobarometers within a consistent framework, as well as combine thermobarometric results and geothermal models to estimate mantle potential temperatures. We apply meltPT to basaltic rocks from mid-ocean ridges and the Hawaiian Islands. We find mid-ocean ridge basalts equilibrate between 1–2 GPa and 1275–1475 ℃, corresponding to an ambient mantle po

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