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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean surface model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Xu, Qinghui, Chen Zhao, Zezong Chen, Sitao Wu, Xiao Wang, and Lingang Fan. "Characterization of 77 GHz Radar Backscattering from Sea Surfaces at Low Incidence Angles: Preliminary Results." Remote Sensing 17, no. 1 (2025): 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17010116.

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Millimeter-wave (MMW) radar is capable of providing high temporal–spatial measurements of the ocean surface. Some topics, such as the characterization of the radar echo, have attracted widespread attention from researchers. However, most existing research studies focus on the backscatter of the ocean surface at low microwave bands, while the sea surface backscattering mechanism in the 77 GHz frequency band remains not well interpreted. To address this issue, in this paper, the investigation of the scattering mechanism is carried out for the 77 GHz frequency band ocean surface at small incidenc

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2

Byrne, Michael P., and Paul A. O’Gorman. "Understanding Decreases in Land Relative Humidity with Global Warming: Conceptual Model and GCM Simulations." Journal of Climate 29, no. 24 (2016): 9045–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0351.1.

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Abstract Climate models simulate a strong land–ocean contrast in the response of near-surface relative humidity to global warming; relative humidity tends to increase slightly over oceans but decrease substantially over land. Surface energy balance arguments have been used to understand the response over ocean but are difficult to apply over more complex land surfaces. Here, a conceptual box model is introduced, involving atmospheric moisture transport between the land and ocean and surface evapotranspiration, to investigate the decreases in land relative humidity as the climate warms. The box

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3

Yablonsky, Richard M., and Isaac Ginis. "Limitation of One-Dimensional Ocean Models for Coupled Hurricane–Ocean Model Forecasts." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 12 (2009): 4410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2863.1.

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Abstract Wind stress imposed on the upper ocean by a hurricane can limit the hurricane’s intensity primarily through shear-induced mixing of the upper ocean and subsequent cooling of the sea surface. Since shear-induced mixing is a one-dimensional process, some recent studies suggest that coupling a one-dimensional ocean model to a hurricane model may be sufficient for capturing the storm-induced sea surface temperature cooling in the region providing heat energy to the hurricane. Using both a one-dimensional and a three-dimensional version of the same ocean model, it is shown here that the ne

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4

Mishra, Anshu Prakash, S. Rai, and A. C. Pandey. "Ocean Model Simulation of Southern Indian Ocean Surface Currents." Marine Geodesy 30, no. 4 (2007): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490410701568467.

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5

Earle, Marshall D. "Microcomputer Numerical Ocean Surface Wave Model." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 6, no. 1 (1989): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1989)006<0151:mnoswm>2.0.co;2.

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6

Chen, K. S., A. K. Fung, and D. A. Weissman. "A backscattering model for ocean surface." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 30, no. 4 (1992): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.158877.

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7

Stössel, Achim. "On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013884.

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This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably str

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Stössel, Achim. "On the impact of sea ice in a global ocean circulation model." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013884.

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This paper investigates the long-term impact of sea ice on global climate using a global sea-ice–ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The sea-ice component involves state-of-the-art dynamics; the ocean component consists of a 3.5° × 3.5° × 11 layer primitive-equation model. Depending on the physical description of sea ice, significant changes are detected in the convective activity, in the hydrographic properties and in the thermohaline circulation of the ocean model. Most of these changes originate in the Southern Ocean, emphasizing the crucial role of sea ice in this marginally stably str

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9

Garuba, Oluwayemi A., and Barry A. Klinger. "Ocean Heat Uptake and Interbasin Transport of the Passive and Redistributive Components of Surface Heating." Journal of Climate 29, no. 20 (2016): 7507–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0138.1.

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Abstract Global warming induces ocean circulation changes that not only can redistribute ocean reservoir temperature stratification but also change the total heat content anomaly of the ocean. Here all consequences of this process are referred to collectively as “redistribution.” Previous model studies of redistributive effects could not measure the net global contribution to the amount of ocean heat uptake by redistribution. In this study, a global ocean model experiment with abrupt increase in surface temperature is conducted with a new passive tracer formulation. This separates ocean heat u

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10

Xu, X., M. Werner, M. Butzin, and G. Lohmann. "Water isotope variations in the global ocean model MPI-OM." Geoscientific Model Development 5, no. 3 (2012): 809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-809-2012.

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Abstract. The stable water isotopes H218O and HDO are incorporated as passive tracers into the oceanic general circulation model MPI-OM, and a control simulation under present-day climate conditions is analyzed in detail. Both δ18O and δD distributions at the ocean surface and deep ocean are generally consistent with available observations on the large scale. The modelled δD-δ 18O relations in surface waters slightly deviates from the slope of the global meteoric water line in most basins, and a much steeper slope is detected in Arctic Oceans. The simulated deuterium excess of ocean surface wa

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Xu, X., M. Werner, M. Butzin, and G. Lohmann. "Water isotope variations in the global ocean model MPI-OM." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 5, no. 1 (2012): 277–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-277-2012.

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Abstract. The stable water isotopes H218O and HDO are incorporated as passive tracers into the oceanic general circulation model MPI-OM, and a control simulation under present-day climate conditions is analyzed in detail. Both δ18O and δD distributions at the ocean surface and deep ocean are generally consistent with available observations on the large scale. The modelled δD-δ18O relations in surface waters slightly deviates from the slope of the global meteoric water line in most basins, and a much steeper slope is detected in Arctic Oceans. The simulated deuterium excess of ocean surface wat

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12

Gemmrich, Johannes, and Adam Monahan. "Covariability of Near-Surface Wind Speed Statistics and Mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature Fluctuations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 3 (2018): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0177.1.

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AbstractThe atmospheric (ABL) and ocean (OBL) boundary layers are intimately linked via mechanical and thermal coupling processes. In many regions over the world’s oceans, this results in a strong covariability between anomalies in wind speed and SST. At oceanic mesoscale, this coupling can be driven either from the atmosphere or the ocean. Gridded SST and wind speed data at 0.25° resolution show that over the western North Atlantic, the ABL mainly responds to the OBL, whereas in the eastern North Pacific and in the Southern Ocean, the OBL largely responds to wind speed anomalies. This general

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13

Docquier, David, Torben Koenigk, Ramon Fuentes-Franco, Mehdi Pasha Karami, and Yohan Ruprich-Robert. "Impact of ocean heat transport on the Arctic sea-ice decline: a model study with EC-Earth3." Climate Dynamics 56, no. 5-6 (2021): 1407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05540-8.

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AbstractThe recent increase in Atlantic and Pacific ocean heat transports has led to a decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. As the respective contributions from both oceans in driving sea-ice loss is still uncertain, our study explores this. We use the EC-Earth3 coupled global climate model and perform different sensitivity experiments to gain insights into the relationships between ocean heat transport and Arctic sea ice. In these model experiments, the sea-surface temperature is artificially increased in different regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and with differe

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14

Thompson, Bijoy, Claudio Sanchez, Boon Chong Peter Heng, et al. "Development of a MetUM (v 11.1) and NEMO (v 3.6) coupled operational forecast model for the Maritime Continent – Part 1: Evaluation of ocean forecasts." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 2 (2021): 1081–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1081-2021.

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Abstract. This article describes the development and ocean forecast evaluation of an atmosphere–ocean coupled prediction system for the Maritime Continent (MC) domain, which includes the eastern Indian and western Pacific oceans. The coupled system comprises regional configurations of the atmospheric model MetUM and ocean model NEMO at a uniform horizontal resolution of 4.5 km × 4.5 km, coupled using the OASIS3-MCT libraries. The coupled model is run as a pre-operational forecast system from 1 to 31 October 2019. Hindcast simulations performed for the period 1 January 2014 to 30 September 2019

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Yuge Liu, Yuge Liu, Ying Huang Yuge Liu, and Zhiyou Yang Ying Huang. "An Attuned Data Extraction Model for Maximizing Ocean Surface Wind Prediction Using Scatterometry." 電腦學刊 35, no. 4 (2024): 011–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992024083504002.

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<p>Scatterometers equipped with C-bands are deployed along the coast surface for measuring ocean and sea surface winds and roughness. Deployed in low orbital satellites, the electromagnetic signals transmitted are scattered at the ocean&rsquo;s surface from which the intensity and wind direction are detected. Wind intensity is impacted by different features such as salinity, scattering index, obstacles, etc., resulting in erroneous predictions. This article introduces an Attuned Data Extraction Method (ADEM) for detecting precise wind intensity and direction. The fore-mentioned error

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Said, Faozi, Harald Johnsen, Bertrand Chapron, and Geir Engen. "An Ocean Wind Doppler Model Based on the Generalized Curvature Ocean Surface Scattering Model." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 53, no. 12 (2015): 6632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2015.2445057.

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17

Mu, Ziyao, Weimin Zhang, Pinqiang Wang, Huizan Wang, and Xiaofeng Yang. "Assimilation of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity in the Regional Ocean Model for South China Sea." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (2019): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080919.

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Ocean salinity has an important impact on marine environment simulations. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is the first satellite in the world to provide large-scale global salinity observations of the oceans. Salinity remote sensing observations in the open ocean have been successfully applied in data assimilations, while SMOS salinity observations contain large errors in the coastal ocean (including the South China Sea (SCS)) and high latitudes and cannot be effectively applied in ocean data assimilations. In this paper, the SMOS salinity observation data are corrected wit

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18

Lou, Jiale, Terence J. O’Kane, and Neil J. Holbrook. "A Linear Inverse Model of Tropical and South Pacific Seasonal Predictability." Journal of Climate 33, no. 11 (2020): 4537–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0548.1.

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AbstractA multivariate linear inverse model (LIM) is developed to demonstrate the mechanisms and seasonal predictability of the dominant modes of variability from the tropical and South Pacific Oceans. We construct a LIM whose covariance matrix is a combination of principal components derived from tropical and extratropical sea surface temperature, and South Pacific Ocean vertically averaged temperature anomalies. Eigen-decomposition of the linear deterministic system yields stationary and/or propagating eigenmodes, of which the least damped modes resemble El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) a

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19

DeVries, Tim, and François Primeau. "Dynamically and Observationally Constrained Estimates of Water-Mass Distributions and Ages in the Global Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 12 (2011): 2381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-10-05011.1.

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Abstract A data-constrained ocean circulation model is used to characterize the distribution of water masses and their ages in the global ocean. The model is constrained by the time-averaged temperature, salinity, and radiocarbon distributions in the ocean, as well as independent estimates of the mean sea surface height and sea surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The data-constrained model suggests that the interior ocean is ventilated primarily by water masses forming in the Southern Ocean. Southern Ocean waters, including those waters forming in the Antarctic and subantarctic regions, make u

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20

Birchfield, Edward, and Matthew Wyant. "Diverse Limiting Circulations In A Simple Ocean Box Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008892.

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A coupled ocean-atmosphere model is formulated, incorporating an ocean comprised of two surface and one deep-ocean boxes, horizontal and vertical mixing, a thermohaline circulation, and forcing by latitudinal differential surface heating and evaporation. Surface fluxes are determined through coupling with a two-box steady-state atmospheric energy-balance model The hydrological cycle, thermohaline circulation and latitudinal exchange rate in the atmosphere are each controlled by an independent parameter. For a weak hydrological cycle, a cold low-salinity deep-ocean equilibrium exists with deep

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Birchfield, Edward, and Matthew Wyant. "Diverse Limiting Circulations In A Simple Ocean Box Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008892.

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A coupled ocean-atmosphere model is formulated, incorporating an ocean comprised of two surface and one deep-ocean boxes, horizontal and vertical mixing, a thermohaline circulation, and forcing by latitudinal differential surface heating and evaporation. Surface fluxes are determined through coupling with a two-box steady-state atmospheric energy-balance model The hydrological cycle, thermohaline circulation and latitudinal exchange rate in the atmosphere are each controlled by an independent parameter. For a weak hydrological cycle, a cold low-salinity deep-ocean equilibrium exists with deep

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22

Chen, Jianqiang, Xun Gong, Xinyu Guo, et al. "Improved Perceptron of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maxima by a Deep Neural Network: A Case Study with BGC-Argo Float Data in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030632.

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Subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCMs), commonly occurring beneath the surface mixed layer in coastal seas and open oceans, account for main changes in depth-integrated primary production and hence significantly contribute to the global carbon cycle. To fill the gap of previous methods (in situ measurement, remote sensing, and the extrapolating function based on surface-ocean data) for obtaining SCM characteristics (intensity, depth, and thickness), we developed an improved deep neural network (IDNN) model using a Gaussian radial basis activation function to retrieve the vertical profile of chlo

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23

Hu, Shineng, Shang-Ping Xie, and Sarah M. Kang. "Global Warming Pattern Formation: The Role of Ocean Heat Uptake." Journal of Climate 35, no. 6 (2022): 1885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0317.1.

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Abstract This study investigates the formation mechanism of the ocean surface warming pattern in response to a doubling CO2 with a focus on the role of ocean heat uptake (or ocean surface heat flux change, ΔQnet). We demonstrate that the transient patterns of surface warming and rainfall change simulated by the dynamic ocean–atmosphere coupled model (DOM) can be reproduced by the equilibrium solutions of the slab ocean–atmosphere coupled model (SOM) simulations when forced with the DOM ΔQnet distribution. The SOM is then used as a diagnostic inverse modeling tool to decompose the CO2-induced t

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Seijo-Ellis, Giovanni, Donata Giglio, Gustavo Marques, and Frank Bryan. "CARIB12: a regional Community Earth System Model/Modular Ocean Model 6 configuration of the Caribbean Sea." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 24 (2024): 8989–9021. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8989-2024.

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Abstract. A new Community Earth System Model/Modular Ocean Model 6 (CESM/MOM6) ocean-only regional 1/12° configuration of the Caribbean Sea is presented and validated. The model configuration was developed as a response to the rising need for high-resolution models for climate impact applications. The configuration is validated for the period covering 2000–2020 against ocean reanalysis and a suite of observation-based datasets. Particular emphasis is paid to the configuration's ability to represent the dynamical regime and properties of the region across sub-seasonal, seasonal, and inter-annua

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Peacock, Synte, and Mathew Maltrud. "Transit-Time Distributions in a Global Ocean Model." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 3 (2006): 474–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2860.1.

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Abstract Results from a simulation of the ocean “transit-time distribution” (“TTD”) for global and regional ocean surface boundary conditions are presented based on a 5000-yr integration using the Parallel Ocean Program ocean general circulation model. The TTD describes the probability that water at a given interior point in the ocean was at some point on the ocean surface a given amount of time ago. It is shown that the spatial distribution of ocean TTDs can be understood in terms of conventional wisdom regarding time scales and pathways of the ventilated thermocline and the thermohaline circ

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Collins, William D., Cecilia M. Bitz, Maurice L. Blackmon, et al. "The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)." Journal of Climate 19, no. 11 (2006): 2122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3761.1.

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Abstract The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) has recently been developed and released to the climate community. CCSM3 is a coupled climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface connected by a flux coupler. CCSM3 is designed to produce realistic simulations over a wide range of spatial resolutions, enabling inexpensive simulations lasting several millennia or detailed studies of continental-scale dynamics, variability, and climate change. This paper will show results from the configuration used for climate-change simulations with a

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27

Demuynck, Pieter, Toby Tyrrell, Alberto Naveira Garabato, Mark Christopher Moore, and Adrian Peter Martin. "Spatial variations in silicate-to-nitrate ratios in Southern Ocean surface waters are controlled in the short term by physics rather than biology." Biogeosciences 17, no. 8 (2020): 2289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2289-2020.

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Abstract. The nutrient composition (high in nitrate but low in silicate) of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) forces diatom scarcity across much of the global surface ocean. This is because diatoms cannot grow without silicate. After formation and downwelling at the Southern Ocean's northern edge, SAMW re-emerges into the surface layers of the mid- and low-latitude oceans, providing a major nutrient source to primary producers in those regions. The distinctive nutrient composition of SAMW originates in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, from which SAMW is formed. These waters are observed

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Mellor, George L., Mark A. Donelan, and Lie-Yauw Oey. "A Surface Wave Model for Coupling with Numerical Ocean Circulation Models." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 10 (2008): 1785–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecho573.1.

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Abstract A surface wave model is developed with the intention of coupling it to three-dimensional ocean circulation models. The model is based on a paper by Mellor wherein depth-dependent coupling terms were derived. To be compatible with circulation models and to be numerically economical, this model is simplified compared to popular third-generation models. However, the model does support depth and current refraction, deep and shallow water, and proper coupling with depth-variable currents. The model is demonstrated for several simple scenarios culminating in comparisons of model calculation

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Kleidon, Axel, and Maik Renner. "An explanation for the different climate sensitivities of land and ocean surfaces based on the diurnal cycle." Earth System Dynamics 8, no. 3 (2017): 849–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-849-2017.

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Abstract. Observations and climate model simulations consistently show a higher climate sensitivity of land surfaces compared to ocean surfaces. Here we show that this difference in temperature sensitivity can be explained by the different means by which the diurnal variation in solar radiation is buffered. While ocean surfaces buffer the diurnal variations by heat storage changes below the surface, land surfaces buffer it mostly by heat storage changes above the surface in the lower atmosphere that are reflected in the diurnal growth of a convective boundary layer. Storage changes below the s

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Tsai, Lung-Chih, Hwa Chien, Shin-Yi Su, et al. "Ocean-Surface Wave Measurements Using Scintillation Theories on Seaborne Software-Defined GPS and SBAS Reflectometry Observations." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 6185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136185.

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In this study, a low-cost, software-defined Global Positioning System (GPS) and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) Reflectometry (GPS&SBAS-R) system has been built and proposed to measure ocean-surface wave parameters on board the research vessel New Ocean Researcher 1 (R/V NOR-1) of Taiwan. A power-law, ocean-wave spectrum model has been used and applied with the Small Perturbation Method approach to solve the electromagnetic wave scattering problem from rough ocean surface, and compared with experimental seaborne GPS&SBAS-R observations. Meanwhile, the intensity scintillation

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Tjiputra, J. F., and A. M. E. Winguth. "Sensitivity of sea-to-air CO<sub>2</sub> flux to ecosystem parameters from an adjoint model." Biogeosciences 5, no. 2 (2008): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-615-2008.

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Abstract. An adjoint model is applied to examine the biophysical factors that control surface pCO2 in different ocean regions. In the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the annual cycle of pCO2 in the model is highly dominated by temperature variability, whereas both the temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are important in the tropical Pacific. In the high-latitude North Atlantic and Southern Oceans, DIC variability mainly drives the annual cycle of surface pCO2. Phosphate addition significantly increases the carbon uptake in the tropical and subtropical regions, whereas nitrate

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Misumi, K., K. Lindsay, J. K. Moore, et al. "The iron budget in ocean surface waters in the 20th and 21st centuries: projections by the Community Earth System Model version 1." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 5 (2013): 8505–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-8505-2013.

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Abstract. We investigated the simulated iron budget in ocean surface waters in the 1990s and 2090s using the Community Earth System Model version 1 and the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 future CO2 emission scenario. We assumed that exogenous iron inputs did not change during the whole simulation period; thus, iron budget changes were attributed solely to changes in ocean circulation and mixing in response to projected global warming. The model simulated the major features of ocean circulation and dissolved iron distribution for the present climate reasonably well. Detailed iron budg

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Pierce, David W., Tim P. Barnett, Krishna M. AchutaRao, Peter J. Gleckler, Jonathan M. Gregory, and Warren M. Washington. "Anthropogenic Warming of the Oceans: Observations and Model Results." Journal of Climate 19, no. 10 (2006): 1873–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3723.1.

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Abstract Observations show the oceans have warmed over the past 40 yr, with appreciable regional variation and more warming at the surface than at depth. Comparing the observations with results from two coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models [the Parallel Climate Model version 1 (PCM) and the Hadley Centre Coupled Climate Model version 3 (HadCM3)] that include anthropogenic forcing shows remarkable agreement between the observed and model-estimated warming. In this comparison the models were sampled at the same locations as gridded yearly observed data. In the top 100 m of the water column th

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Iovino, Doroteaciro, Pier Giuseppe Fogli, and Simona Masina. "Evaluation of the CMCC global eddying ocean model for the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP2)." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 21 (2023): 6127–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6127-2023.

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Abstract. This paper describes the global eddying ocean–sea ice simulation produced at the Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC) obtained following the experimental design of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP2). The eddy-rich model (GLOB16) is based on the NEMOv3.6 framework, with a global horizontal resolution of 1/16∘ and 98 vertical levels and was originally designed for an operational short-term ocean forecasting system. Here, it is driven by one multi-decadal cycle of the prescribed JRA55-do atmospheric reanalysis and runoff dataset in order to perform a l

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Ly, Le Ngoc, and Roland W. Garwood. "An ocean circulation model with surface wave parameterization." Applied Numerical Mathematics 40, no. 1-2 (2002): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9274(01)00084-8.

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Lin, Pengfei, Zhipeng Yu, Hailong Liu, et al. "LICOM Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 37, no. 3 (2020): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9208-5.

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Abstract The datasets of two Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) simulation experiments from the LASG/IAP Climate Ocean Model, version 3 (LICOM3), forced by two different sets of atmospheric surface data, are described in this paper. The experiment forced by CORE-II (Co-ordinated Ocean–Ice Reference Experiments, Phase II) data (1948–2009) is called OMIP1, and that forced by JRA55-do (surface dataset for driving ocean–sea-ice models based on Japanese 55-year atmospheric reanalysis) data (1958–2018) is called OMIP2. First, the improvement of LICOM from CMIP5 to CMIP6 and the configuration

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Hu, Shineng, Shang-Ping Xie, and Wei Liu. "Global Pattern Formation of Net Ocean Surface Heat Flux Response to Greenhouse Warming." Journal of Climate 33, no. 17 (2020): 7503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0642.1.

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AbstractThis study examines global patterns of net ocean surface heat flux changes (ΔQnet) under greenhouse warming in an ocean–atmosphere coupled model based on a heat budget decomposition. The regional structure of ΔQnet is primarily shaped by ocean heat divergence changes (ΔOHD): excessive heat is absorbed by higher-latitude oceans (mainly over the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean), transported equatorward, and stored in lower-latitude oceans with the rest being released to the tropical atmosphere. The overall global pattern of ΔOHD is primarily due to the circulation change and partia

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Boley, Kiersten M., Wendy R. Panero, Cayman T. Unterborn, Joseph G. Schulze, Romy Rodríguez Martínez, and Ji Wang. "Fizzy Super-Earths: Impacts of Magma Composition on the Bulk Density and Structure of Lava Worlds." Astrophysical Journal 954, no. 2 (2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acea85.

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Abstract Lava worlds are a potential emerging population of Super-Earths that are on close-in orbits around their host stars, with likely partially molten mantles. To date, few studies have addressed the impact of magma on the observed properties of a planet. At ambient conditions, magma is less dense than solid rock; however, it is also more compressible with increasing pressure. Therefore, it is unclear how large-scale magma oceans affect planet observables, such as bulk density. We update ExoPlex, a thermodynamically self-consistent planet interior software, to include anhydrous, hydrous (2

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Legutke, S., E. Maier-Reimkr, A. Stössel, and A. Hellbach. "Ocean-sea-ice coupling in a global ocean general circulation model." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013896.

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A global ocean general circulation model has been coupled with a dynamic thermodynamic sea-ice model. This model has been spun-up in a 1000 year integration using daily atmosphere model data. Main water masses and currents are reproduced as well as the seasonal characteristics of the ice cover of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Model results for the Southern Ocean, however, show the ice cover as too thin, and there are large permanent polynyas in the Weddell and Ross Seas. These polynyas are due to a large upward oceanic heat flux caused by haline rejection during the freezing of sea ic

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Madiligama, Madusanka, Zheguang Zou, and Likun Zhang. "Machine learning approach to prediction of real-time ocean sound speed profile." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010788.

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Sound speed profile (SSP) determines sound propagation in the ocean. Variation of sound speed profiles with time and location heavily impacts underwater sonar systems used in ocean science and engineering. However, mapping sound speed profile over a vast area of the oceans in real-time is impossible by the traditional way, where sound speed is calculated from insitu profiling measurements of temperature, salinity, and pressure, which is expensive and, therefore, limited in sparse locations and time. Here, we aim to develop a machine learning model to predict real-time sound speed profiles anyw

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Libardoni, Alex G., Chris E. Forest, Andrei P. Sokolov, and Erwan Monier. "Baseline evaluation of the impact of updates to the MIT Earth System Model on its model parameter estimates." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 8 (2018): 3313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3313-2018.

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Abstract. For over 20 years, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Earth System Model (MESM) has been used extensively for climate change research. The model is under continuous development with components being added and updated. To provide transparency in the model development, we perform a baseline evaluation by comparing model behavior and properties in the newest version to the previous model version. In particular, changes resulting from updates to the land surface model component and the input forcings used in historical simulations of climate change are investigated. We run an 1800

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Cullum, Jodie, David P. Stevens, and Manoj M. Joshi. "Importance of ocean salinity for climate and habitability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 16 (2016): 4278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522034113.

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Modeling studies of terrestrial extrasolar planetary climates are now including the effects of ocean circulation due to a recognition of the importance of oceans for climate; indeed, the peak equator-pole ocean heat transport on Earth peaks at almost half that of the atmosphere. However, such studies have made the assumption that fundamental oceanic properties, such as salinity, temperature, and depth, are similar to Earth. This assumption results in Earth-like circulations: a meridional overturning with warm water moving poleward at the surface, being cooled, sinking at high latitudes, and tr

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Kaandorp, Mikael L. A., Delphine Lobelle, Christian Kehl, Henk A. Dijkstra, and Erik van Sebille. "Global mass of buoyant marine plastics dominated by large long-lived debris." Nature Geoscience 16, no. 8 (2023): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01216-0.

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AbstractThe fate of plastics that enter the ocean is a longstanding puzzle. Recent estimates of the oceanic input of plastic are one to two orders of magnitude larger than the amount measured floating at the surface. This discrepancy could be due to overestimation of input estimates, processes removing plastic from the surface ocean or fragmentation and degradation. Here we present a 3D global marine mass budget of buoyant plastics that resolves this discrepancy. We assimilate observational data from different marine reservoirs, including coastlines, the ocean surface, and the deep ocean, into

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Purich, Ariaan, Matthew H. England, Wenju Cai, Arnold Sullivan, and Paul J. Durack. "Impacts of Broad-Scale Surface Freshening of the Southern Ocean in a Coupled Climate Model." Journal of Climate 31, no. 7 (2018): 2613–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0092.1.

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The Southern Ocean surface has freshened in recent decades, increasing water column stability and reducing upwelling of warmer subsurface waters. The majority of CMIP5 models underestimate or fail to capture this historical surface freshening, yet little is known about the impact of this model bias on regional ocean circulation and hydrography. Here experiments are performed using a global coupled climate model with additional freshwater applied to the Southern Ocean to assess the influence of recent surface freshening. The simulations explore the impact of persistent and long-term broad-scale

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Polyakov, I. V., I. Yu Kulakov, S. A. Kolesov, et al. "Coupled Sea Ice-Ocean Model of the Arctic Ocean." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, no. 2 (1998): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829527.

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A fully prognostic coupled ice-ocean model is described. The ice model is based on the elastic-plastic constitutive law with ice mass and compactness described by distribution functions. The ice thermodynamics model is applied individually to each ice thickness category. Advection of the ice partial mass and concentrations is parameterized by a fourth-order algorithm that conserves monotonicity of the solution. The ocean is described as a three-dimensional time-dependent baroclinic model with free surface. The coupled model is applied to establish the Arctic Ocean seasonal climatology using fu

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Ding, Fan, Chen Zhao, Zezong Chen, and Jian Li. "Sea Echoes for Airborne HF/VHF Radar: Mathematical Model and Simulation." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (2020): 3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223755.

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Currently, shore-based HF radars are widely used for coastal observations, and airborne radars are utilized for monitoring the ocean with a relatively large coverage offshore. In order to take the advantage of airborne radars, the theoretical mechanism of airborne HF/VHF radar for ocean surface observation has been studied in this paper. First, we describe the ocean surface wave height with the linear and nonlinear parts in a reasonable mathematical form and adopt the small perturbation method (SPM) to compute the HF/VHF radio scattered field induced by the sea surface. Second, the normalized

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Pemberton, Per, Johan Nilsson, Magnus Hieronymus, and H. E. Markus Meier. "Arctic Ocean Water Mass Transformation in S–T Coordinates." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 4 (2015): 1025–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0197.1.

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AbstractIn this paper, water mass transformations in the Arctic Ocean are studied using a recently developed salinity–temperature (S–T) framework. The framework allows the water mass transformations to be succinctly quantified by computing the surface and internal diffusive fluxes in S–T coordinates. This study shows how the method can be applied to a specific oceanic region, in this case the Arctic Ocean, by including the advective exchange of water masses across the boundaries of the region. Based on a simulation with a global ocean circulation model, the authors examine the importance of va

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Amrhein, Daniel E., Carl Wunsch, Olivier Marchal, and Gael Forget. "A Global Glacial Ocean State Estimate Constrained by Upper-Ocean Temperature Proxies." Journal of Climate 31, no. 19 (2018): 8059–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0769.1.

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We use the method of least squares with Lagrange multipliers to fit an ocean general circulation model to the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) estimate of near sea surface temperature (NSST) at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; circa 23–19 thousand years ago). Compared to a modern simulation, the resulting global, last-glacial ocean state estimate, which fits the MARGO data within uncertainties in a free-running coupled ocean–sea ice simulation, has global-mean NSSTs that are 2°C lower and greater sea ice extent in all seasons in both the Northern an

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Iversen, Silje Christine, Ann Kristin Sperrevik, and Olivier Goux. "Improving sea surface temperature in a regional ocean model through refined sea surface temperature assimilation." Ocean Science 19, no. 3 (2023): 729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-19-729-2023.

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Abstract. Infrared (IR) and passive microwave (PMW) satellite sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals are valuable to assimilate into high-resolution regional ocean forecast models. Still, there are issues related to these SSTs that need to be addressed to achieve improved ocean forecasts. Firstly, satellite SST products tend to be biased. Assimilating SSTs from different providers can thus cause the ocean model to receive inconsistent information. Secondly, while PMW SSTs are valuable for constraining models during cloudy conditions, the spatial resolution of these retrievals is rather coars

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Séférian, Roland, Sunghye Baek, Olivier Boucher, et al. "An interactive ocean surface albedo scheme (OSAv1.0): formulation and evaluation in ARPEGE-Climat (V6.1) and LMDZ (V5A)." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 1 (2018): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-321-2018.

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Abstract. Ocean surface represents roughly 70 % of the Earth's surface, playing a large role in the partitioning of the energy flow within the climate system. The ocean surface albedo (OSA) is an important parameter in this partitioning because it governs the amount of energy penetrating into the ocean or reflected towards space. The old OSA schemes in the ARPEGE-Climat and LMDZ models only resolve the latitudinal dependence in an ad hoc way without an accurate representation of the solar zenith angle dependence. Here, we propose a new interactive OSA scheme suited for Earth system models, whi

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