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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lutz, Nicolas, Arnaud Schoentgen, and Guillaume Gilet. "Fast orientable aperiodic ocean synthesis using tiling and blending." Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 7, no. 3 (2024): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3675388.

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The simulation and rendering of the surface of a deep ocean are typically carried by computing a mesh displacement through an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) of an animated ocean spectrum. This process generates a spatially periodic ocean displacement that can be tiled to pave a large ocean surface. However, this creates tiling artifacts for large oceans. This effect can be toned down by mixing the displacement with noise, which disturbs the appearance of the ocean, or by overlapping the result of several IFFT at different scales, which increases computation times, all while not fully re

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2

Bakker, D. C. E., B. Pfeil, K. Smith, et al. "An update to the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT version 2)." Earth System Science Data Discussions 6, no. 2 (2013): 465–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-6-465-2013.

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Abstract. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is an effort by the international marine carbon research community. It aims to improve access to carbon dioxide measurements in the surface oceans by regular releases of quality controlled and fully documented synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products. SOCAT version 2 presented here extends the data set for the global oceans and coastal seas by four years and has 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values from 2660 cruises between 1968 and 2011. The procedures for creating version 2 have been comparable to those for version 1. Th

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Metzl, Nicolas, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, et al. "An updated synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2023: the SNAPO-CO₂-v2 dataset." Earth System Science Data 17, no. 3 (2025): 1075–100. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1075-2025.

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Abstract. Total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties to understand the ocean carbon cycle and its link with global change (ocean carbon sinks and sources, ocean acidification) and ultimately to find carbon-based solutions or mitigation procedures (marine carbon removal). We present an extended database (SNAPO-CO2; Metzl et al., 2024c) with 24 700 new additional data for the period 2002 to 2023. The full database now includes more than 67 000 AT and CT observations along with basic ancillary data (time and space location, depth, temperature,

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Bakker, D. C. E., B. Pfeil, K. Smith, et al. "An update to the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT version 2)." Earth System Science Data 6, no. 1 (2014): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014.

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Abstract. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968–2007 to 1968–2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.in

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Bluhm, Bodil A., Rolf Gradinger, and Russell R. Hopcroft. "Editorial - Arctic Ocean Diversity: synthesis." Marine Biodiversity 41, no. 1 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-010-0080-x.

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Mastin, Gary, Peter Watterberg, and John Mareda. "Fourier Synthesis of Ocean Scenes." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 7, no. 3 (1987): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1987.276961.

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Masuda, Shuhei. "Improved ocean state estimation by controlling ocean-mixing: toward synthesis of ocean-mixing observations." Oceanography in Japan 26, no. 5 (2017): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou.26.5_209.

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8

Metzl, Nicolas, Jonathan Fin, Claire Lo Monaco, et al. "A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset." Earth System Science Data 16, no. 1 (2024): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-89-2024.

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Abstract. Total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties with respect to understanding the ocean carbon cycle and its link to global change (ocean carbon sinks and sources, ocean acidification) and ultimately finding carbon-based solutions or mitigation procedures (marine carbon removal). We present a database of more than 44 400 AT and CT observations along with basic ancillary data (spatiotemporal location, depth, temperature and salinity) from various ocean regions obtained, mainly in the framework of French projects, since 1993. This includ

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9

Chapman, Piers, and Worth D. Nowlin. "Ocean data synthesis offers research opportunities." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 81, no. 10 (2000): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/00eo00065.

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Key, R. M., T. Tanhua, A. Olsen, et al. "The CARINA data synthesis project: introduction and overview." Earth System Science Data Discussions 2, no. 1 (2009): 579–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-2-579-2009.

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Abstract. The original goal of the CARINA (Carbon in Atlantic Ocean) data synthesis project was to create a merged calibrated data set from open ocean subsurface measurements by European scientists that would be generally useful for biogeochemical investigations in the North Atlantic and in particular, studies involving the carbon system. Over time the geographic extent expanded to include the entire Atlantic, the Arctic and the Southern Ocean and the international collaboration broadened significantly. In this paper we give a brief history of the project, a general overview of data included a

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Key, R. M., T. Tanhua, A. Olsen, et al. "The CARINA data synthesis project: introduction and overview." Earth System Science Data 2, no. 1 (2010): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-105-2010.

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Abstract. The original goal of the CARINA (Carbon in Atlantic Ocean) data synthesis project was to create a merged calibrated data set from open ocean subsurface measurements by European scientists that would be generally useful for biogeochemical investigations in the North Atlantic and in particular, studies involving the carbon system. Over time the geographic extent expanded to include the entire Atlantic, the Arctic and the Southern Ocean and the international collaboration broadened significantly. In this paper we give a brief history of the project, a general overview of data included a

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Phillips, Helen E., Amit Tandon, Ryo Furue, et al. "Progress in understanding of Indian Ocean circulation, variability, air–sea exchange, and impacts on biogeochemistry." Ocean Science 17, no. 6 (2021): 1677–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021.

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Abstract. Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian Ocean has advanced through concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting changes in water masses, and linking physical processes to ecologically important variables. New circulation pathways and mechanisms have been discovered that control atmospheric and oceanic mean state and variability. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean since the last comprehensive review, describing the Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interact

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13

Köhl, A., D. Stammer, and B. Cornuelle. "Interannual to Decadal Changes in the ECCO Global Synthesis." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 2 (2007): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3014.1.

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Abstract An estimate of the time-varying global ocean circulation for the period 1992–2002 was obtained by combining most of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) ocean datasets with a general circulation model on a 1° horizontal grid. The estimate exactly satisfies the model equations without artificial sources or sinks of momentum, heat, and freshwater. To bring the model into agreement with observations, its initial temperature and salinity conditions were permitted to change, as were the time-dependent surface fluxes of momentum, heat, and freshwater. The estimation of these “contr

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Portilho-Ramos, Rodrigo da Costa, Jürgen Titschack, Claudia Wienberg, Michael Georg Siccha Rojas, Yusuke Yokoyama, and Dierk Hebbeln. "Major environmental drivers determining life and death of cold-water corals through time." PLOS Biology 20, no. 5 (2022): e3001628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001628.

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Cold-water corals (CWCs) are the engineers of complex ecosystems forming unique biodiversity hotspots in the deep sea. They are expected to suffer dramatically from future environmental changes in the oceans such as ocean warming, food depletion, deoxygenation, and acidification. However, over the last decades of intense deep-sea research, no extinction event of a CWC ecosystem is documented, leaving quite some uncertainty on their sensitivity to these environmental parameters. Paleoceanographic reconstructions offer the opportunity to align the on- and offsets of CWC proliferation to environm

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LeBlanc, Graham, Andrew Shouldice, Dirk V. Arnold, and Stephen Brooks. "Multi-Band Fourier Synthesis of Ocean Waves." Journal of Graphics Tools 16, no. 2 (2012): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2165347x.2012.680854.

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Murphy, J. Brendan, Gabriel Gutiérrez-Alonso, R. Damian Nance, et al. "Rheic Ocean mafic complexes: overview and synthesis." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 327, no. 1 (2009): 343–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp327.15.

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Masuda, Shuhei, Nozomi Sugiura, Satoshi Osafune, and Toshimasa Doi. "Improvement of Ocean State Estimation by Assimilating Mapped Argo Drift Data." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/975618.

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We investigated the impact of assimilating a mapped dataset of subsurface ocean currents into an ocean state estimation. We carried out two global ocean state estimations from 2000 to 2007 using the K7 four-dimensional variational data synthesis system, one of which included an additional map of climatological geostrophic currents estimated from the global set of Argo floats. We assessed the representativeness of the volume transport in the two exercises. The assimilation of Argo ocean current data at only one level, 1000 dbar depth, had subtle impacts on the estimated volume transports, which

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Fennel, Katja, Simone Alin, Leticia Barbero, et al. "Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis." Biogeosciences 16, no. 6 (2019): 1281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019.

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Abstract. A quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries with the atmosphere, land, and the open ocean is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but this is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress in characterizing these carbon fluxes for the North American coastal ocean. Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying the net air–s

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Jiang, Li-Qing, Tim P. Boyer, Christopher R. Paver, et al. "Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins." Earth System Science Data 16, no. 7 (2024): 3383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3383-2024.

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Abstract. Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced in coastal regions where most economic activities, such as commercial and recreational fisheries and aquaculture industries, occur. In this paper, we unveil a comprehensive data product featuring coastal ocean acidification climatologies and atlases, encompassing the fugacity of

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Budge, Suzanne M., Emmanuel Devred, Marie-Hélène Forget, et al. "Estimating concentrations of essential omega-3 fatty acids in the ocean: supply and demand." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 7 (2014): 1885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu003.

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Abstract Vertebrates have a universal requirement for essential fatty acids (FAs), but in the ocean these FAs are synthesized only by phytoplankton. All other marine organisms must source their essential FA directly from phytoplankton or indirectly through the food web. Thus, the growth and abundance of all organisms in the marine ecosystem is constrained not just by the rate of carbon fixation in photosynthesis but also by the rate of synthesis of essential FAs. Despite the significance of this controlling step, we have had until now only very limited knowledge of the amount, distribution and

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Heinze, C., S. Meyer, N. Goris, et al. "The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges." Earth System Dynamics 6, no. 1 (2015): 327–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-327-2015.

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Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is, next to water vapour, considered to be the most important natural greenhouse gas on Earth. Rapidly rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations caused by human actions such as fossil fuel burning, land-use change or cement production over the past 250 years have given cause for concern that changes in Earth's climate system may progress at a much faster pace and larger extent than during the past 20 000 years. Investigating global carbon cycle pathways and finding suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies has, therefore, become of major concern in many research

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Heinze, C., S. Meyer, N. Goris, et al. "The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities, and challenges." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 5, no. 2 (2014): 1607–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-1607-2014.

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Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is, next to water vapour, considered to be the most important natural greenhouse gas on Earth. Rapidly rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations caused by human actions such as fossil-fuel burning, land-use change or cement production over the past 250 years have given cause for concern that changes in Earth's climate system may progress at a much faster pace and larger extent than during the past 20 000 years. Investigating global carbon cycle pathways and finding suitable mitigation strategies has, therefore, become of major concern in many research fields. The oce

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Van Mooy, B. A. S., T. Moutin, S. Duhamel, P. Rimmelin, and F. Van Wambeke. "Phospholipid synthesis rates in the eastern subtropical South Pacific Ocean." Biogeosciences 5, no. 1 (2008): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-133-2008.

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Abstract. Membrane lipid molecules are a major component of planktonic organisms and this is particularly true of the microbial picoplankton that dominate the open ocean; with their high surface-area to volume ratios, the synthesis of membrane lipids places a major demand on their overall cell metabolism. Specifically, the synthesis of cell membrane phospholipids creates a demand for the nutrient phosphorus, and we sought to refine our understanding of the role of phospholipids in the upper ocean phosphorus cycle. We measured the rates of phospholipid synthesis in a transect of the eastern sub

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Van Mooy, B. A. S., T. Moutin, S. Duhamel, P. Rimmelin, and F. Van Wambeke. "Phospholipid synthesis rates in the eastern subtropical South Pacific Ocean." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 4 (2007): 2793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-2793-2007.

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Abstract. Membrane lipid molecules are a major component of planktonic organisms and this is particularly true of the microbial picoplankton that dominate the open ocean; with their high surface-area to volume ratios, the synthesis of membrane lipids places a major demand on their overall cell metabolism. The synthesis of one class of membrane lipids, the phospholipids, also creates a demand for the nutrient phosphorus, and we sought to refine our understanding of the role of phospholipids in the upper ocean phosphorus cycle. We measured the rates of phospholipid synthesis in a transect of the

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Hall-Spencer, Jason M., and Ben P. Harvey. "Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 3, no. 2 (2019): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20180117.

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Abstract The oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is changing seawater chemistry in a process known as ocean acidification. The chemistry of this rapid change in surface waters is well understood and readily detectable in oceanic observations, yet there is uncertainty about the effects of ocean acidification on society since it is difficult to scale-up from laboratory and mesocosm tests. Here, we provide a synthesis of the likely effects of ocean acidification on ecosystem properties, functions and services based on observations along natural gradients in pCO2. Studies at C

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Figus, Cécile, Johan Renaudie, Or M. Bialik, and Jakub Witkowski. "Controls on Palaeogene deep-sea diatom-bearing sediment deposition and comparison with shallow marine environments." Biogeosciences 22, no. 12 (2025): 3029–46. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3029-2025.

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Abstract. Diatoms are the key players in the present-day global biogeochemical cycles. Yet, the diatom flux response to the dynamically changing climates of the Palaeogene has long been subject to divergent interpretations. We present a synthesis of Palaeogene deep-sea diatom-bearing sediment occurrences in time and space in order to gain new insight into inter-basin and latitudinal distribution of diatom accumulation zones from the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary to the Oligocene–Miocene transition. Our dataset includes 189 sites drilled in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans and in the A

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Lange, Nico, Björn Fiedler, Marta Álvarez, et al. "Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) – a ship-based biogeochemical pilot." Earth System Science Data 16, no. 4 (2024): 1901–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1901-2024.

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Abstract. The presented pilot for the Synthesis Product for Ocean Time Series (SPOTS) includes data from 12 fixed ship-based time-series programs. The related stations represent unique open-ocean and coastal marine environments within the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Nordic Seas, and Caribbean Sea. The focus of the pilot has been placed on biogeochemical essential ocean variables: dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nutrients, inorganic carbon (pH, total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, and partial pressure of CO2), particulate matter, and dissolved organic carbon

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Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, Vincent Combes, Julie Keister, et al. "Synthesis of Pacific Ocean Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics." Oceanography 26, no. 4 (2013): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.76.

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Koeve, W., and H. W. Ducklow. "JGOFS synthesis and modeling: The North Atlantic Ocean." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 48, no. 10 (2001): 2141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00186-7.

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Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta, Luis A. Rivas, Arantxa Palacín, César Menor-Salván, and Susana Osuna-Esteban. "Prebiotic Synthesis of Protobiopolymers Under Alkaline Ocean Conditions." Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 41, no. 4 (2010): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-010-9232-z.

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Valdivieso, M., K. Haines, H. Zuo, and D. Lea. "Freshwater and heat transports from global ocean synthesis." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 119, no. 1 (2014): 394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013jc009357.

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Gong, Zhiyuan, Garth L. Fletcher, and Choy L. Hew. "Tissue distribution of fish antifreeze protein mRNAs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 4 (1992): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-114.

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The presence of fish antifreeze protein (AFP) mRNA was examined in a variety of tissues from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), each of which contains one of the three known AFP types. Northern blot analysis indicates that whereas the AFP mRNA is restricted to liver in sea raven (type II AFP), significant amounts of mRNA are present in many other tissues in both winter flounder (type I) and ocean pout (type III). These results indicate that in sea raven, antifreeze protein synthesis only occurs in

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Fenty, Ian, and Patrick Heimbach. "Coupled Sea Ice–Ocean-State Estimation in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 5 (2013): 884–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-065.1.

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Abstract Sea ice variability in the Labrador Sea is of climatic interest because of its relationship to deep convection, mode-water formation, and the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation. Historically, quantifying the relationship between sea ice and ocean variability has been difficult because of in situ observation paucity and technical challenges associated with synthesizing observations with numerical models. Here the relationship between ice and ocean variability is explored by analyzing new estimates of the ocean–ice state in the northwest North Atlantic. The estimates are syntheses o

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Demuynck, Pieter, Toby Tyrrell, Alberto Naveira Garabato, Mark Christopher Moore, and Adrian Peter Martin. "Spatial variations in silicate-to-nitrate ratios in Southern Ocean surface waters are controlled in the short term by physics rather than biology." Biogeosciences 17, no. 8 (2020): 2289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2289-2020.

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Abstract. The nutrient composition (high in nitrate but low in silicate) of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) forces diatom scarcity across much of the global surface ocean. This is because diatoms cannot grow without silicate. After formation and downwelling at the Southern Ocean's northern edge, SAMW re-emerges into the surface layers of the mid- and low-latitude oceans, providing a major nutrient source to primary producers in those regions. The distinctive nutrient composition of SAMW originates in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, from which SAMW is formed. These waters are observed

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Velo, A., F. F. Pérez, X. Lin, et al. "CARINA data synthesis project: pH data scale unification and cruise adjustments." Earth System Science Data 2, no. 1 (2010): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-133-2010.

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Abstract. Data on carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruise data sets in the Artic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged to a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic Ocean). These data have gone through rigorous quality control (QC) procedures to assure the highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the measured parameters in the CARINA database were objectively examined in order to quantify systematic differences in the reported values. Sys

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Longhurst, Alan. "The changing ocean carbon cycle-a midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study." Limnology and Oceanography 45, no. 6 (2000): 1446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.6.1446.

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Parslow, John. "The changing ocean carbon cycle: a midterm synthesis of the joint global ocean flux study." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 273, no. 2 (2002): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(02)00148-x.

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Liu, Can, Weiming Xu, Zongbin Zhang, et al. "The Potential for Organic Synthesis in the Ocean of Enceladus." Astrophysical Journal 971, no. 1 (2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad534f.

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Abstract The Cassini spacecraft detected a soup of organics in the plume of Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Those compounds could provide building blocks for the potential emergence or sustenance of microbial life in Enceladus’ subsurface ocean. However, the sources and stabilities of organics in Enceladus’ ocean are still poorly understood. Here, we perform nonequilibrium thermodynamic calculations to assess the energetics of abiotic synthesis for a broad spectrum of small organic molecules under both cold oceanic and hydrothermal conditions on Enceladus. Most of the organics that we studied are the

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Sutton, Adrienne J., Christopher L. Sabine, Richard A. Feely, et al. "Using present-day observations to detect when anthropogenic change forces surface ocean carbonate chemistry outside preindustrial bounds." Biogeosciences 13, no. 17 (2016): 5065–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5065-2016.

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Abstract. One of the major challenges to assessing the impact of ocean acidification on marine life is detecting and interpreting long-term change in the context of natural variability. This study addresses this need through a global synthesis of monthly pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) climatologies for 12 open ocean, coastal, and coral reef locations using 3-hourly moored observations of surface seawater partial pressure of CO2 and pH collected together since as early as 2010. Mooring observations suggest open ocean subtropical and subarctic sites experience present-day surface pH a

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Lo Monaco, C., M. Álvarez, R. M. Key, et al. "Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA database in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean." Earth System Science Data Discussions 2, no. 1 (2009): 367–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-2-367-2009.

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Abstract. Carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical ancillary data from previously not publicly available cruises were retrieved and recently merged to a new data base, CARINA. The initial North Atlantic project, an international effort for ocean carbon synthesis, was extended to include the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas) and all three sectors of the Southern Ocean. From a total of 188 cruises, 37 cruises are part of the Southern Ocean. The present work focuses on data collected in the Indian sector (20° S–70° S; 30° E–150° E). The Southern Indian Ocea

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Lo Monaco, C., M. Álvarez, R. M. Key, et al. "Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA database in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean." Earth System Science Data 2, no. 1 (2010): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-51-2010.

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Abstract. Carbon and carbon-relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical ancillary data from previously not publicly available cruises were retrieved and recently merged to a new data base, CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The initial North Atlantic project, an international effort for ocean carbon synthesis, was extended to include the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas) and all three sectors of the Southern Ocean. Of a total of 188 cruises, 37 cruises are part of the Southern Ocean. The present work focuses on data collected in the Indian sector (20° S–70° S; 30° E–150° E). T

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Köhl, Armin, and Detlef Stammer. "Decadal Sea Level Changes in the 50-Year GECCO Ocean Synthesis." Journal of Climate 21, no. 9 (2008): 1876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2081.1.

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Abstract An estimate of the time-varying ocean circulation, obtained over the period 1952–2001, is analyzed here with respect to its decadal and longer-term changes in sea level. The estimate results from a synthesis of most of the ocean datasets available during this 50-yr period with the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean/Massachusetts Institute of Technology (ECCO/MIT) ocean circulation model. Over the period 1992 through 2001, the increase in thermosteric sea level rise on average amounts to 1.2 mm yr−1 over the top 750 m and 1.8 mm yr−1 over the total water column. This c

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Lee, Dong-Min, and Sung-Kee Lee. "Synthesis of Ocean Wave Models and Simulation Using GPU." KIPS Transactions:PartA 14A, no. 7 (2007): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipsta.2007.14-a.7.421.

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Righetti, Damiano, Meike Vogt, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Michael D. Guiry, and Nicolas Gruber. "PhytoBase: A global synthesis of open-ocean phytoplankton occurrences." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 2 (2020): 907–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-907-2020.

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Abstract. Marine phytoplankton are responsible for half of the global net primary production and perform multiple other ecological functions and services of the global ocean. These photosynthetic organisms comprise more than 4300 marine species, but their biogeographic patterns and the resulting species diversity are poorly known, mostly owing to severe data limitations. Here, we compile, synthesize, and harmonize marine phytoplankton occurrence records from the two largest biological occurrence archives (Ocean Biogeographic Information System, OBIS; and Global Biodiversity Information Facilit

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Shemdin, O. H. "Tower Ocean Wave and Radar Dependence Experiment: A synthesis." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, no. C9 (1990): 16241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc095ic09p16241.

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Thon, Sébastien, and Djamchid Ghazanfarpour. "Ocean waves synthesis and animation using real world information." Computers & Graphics 26, no. 1 (2002): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0097-8493(01)00161-3.

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Lamb, M. F., C. L. Sabine, R. A. Feely, et al. "Consistency and synthesis of Pacific Ocean CO2 survey data." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 49, no. 1-3 (2001): 21–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00093-5.

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Proshutinsky, A., J. Yang, R. Krishfield, et al. "Arctic ocean study: Synthesis of model results and observations." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 86, no. 40 (2005): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005eo400003.

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Gauer, P., P. Janot, D. Baudemont, and M. Ruhland. "Borehole Breakout. Bibliographic Synthesis." Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 43, no. 3 (1988): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1988024.

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Liu, Yang, Jisk Attema, Ben Moat, and Wilco Hazeleger. "Synthesis and evaluation of historical meridional heat transport from midlatitudes towards the Arctic." Earth System Dynamics 11, no. 1 (2020): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-77-2020.

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Abstract. Meridional energy transport (MET), both in the atmosphere (AMET) and ocean (OMET), has significant impact on the climate in the Arctic. In this study, we quantify AMET and OMET at subpolar latitudes from six reanalysis data sets. We investigate the differences between the data sets and we check the coherence between MET and the Arctic climate variability at interannual timescales. The results indicate that, although the mean transport in all data sets agrees well, the spatial distributions and temporal variations of AMET and OMET differ substantially among the reanalysis data sets. F

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