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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean thermal power plants'
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1
Hendrawan, Andi, Aji K. Hendrawan, Sri Pramomo, and Lusiani Lusiani. "Thermohydraulic Analysis of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion." Saintara : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Maritim 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52475/saintara.v7i2.233.
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Thermohydraulic analysis is a mandatory analysis for power plants, including in this case marine thermal power plants (OTEC = ocens thermal energy conversion). The application to OTEC shows that temperature and pressure are things that must be considered, the higher the surface temperature, the greater the output power. Calculation of heat flow is a variable that is determined before a plant is built. This study aims to make a mathematical analysis of heat flow or thermohydraulic. The study uses the study of the heritage of Mendalan so that modeling and determination of design variables are formed, including heat flow in the pipe, diameter, hot and cold water discharge and boiler variables
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Surinati, Dewi, and Muhammad Ramadhani Marfatah. "PENGARUH FAKTOR HIDRODINAMIKA TERHADAP SEBARAN LIMBAH AIR PANAS DI LAUT." OSEANA 44, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2019.vol.44no.1.29.
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HYDRODYNAMICS EFFECT TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF THERMAL WASTE IN THE OCEAN. The ocean is a thermal waste disposal site derived from thermal power plants. The ecosystems and marine biota could be disrupted even massive damaged if this waste was disposed into the ocean without proper processing. All activities in the ocean need a well understanding of hydrodynamics to avoid or minimize any negative effects that may occur. It needs dispersion modeling of heat water prior to the construction of the power plant in order to reduce the impact of environmental damage.
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Wiegel, Robert L., John T. Wells, and Michele A. Murdoch. "COOLING WATER RECIRCULATION IN THE OCEAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.200.
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In some configurations of cooling water systems for thermal-electric power plants, which use sea water as a source, a certain amount of recirculation occurs. A theory is developed to predict this recirculation.
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Głuch, Jerzy. "Fault detection in measuring systems of power plants." Polish Maritime Research 15, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-007-0096-8.
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Fault detection in measuring systems of power plants This paper describes possibility of forming diagnostic relations based on application of the artifical neural networks (ANNs), intended for the identifying of degradation of measuring instruments used in developed power systems. As an example a steam turbine high-power plant was used. And, simulative calculations were applied to forming diagnostic neural relations. Both degradation of the measuring instruments and simultaneously occurring degradation of the measuring instruments and thermal cycle component devices, were taken into account. Good quality of diagnostic neural relations was stated. They make it possible to distinguish degradation of measuring instruments from degradation of thermal cycle components. The calculated errors of identification of dergraded devices and measuring instruments in the case of simultaneous occurence of three different degradations were on the level of 0.25 %. Performance of the relations was presented by using an example based on industrial practice.
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Giordani, Helia Danielle, Matheus Lages, Miguel Medina, and Jade Tan-Holmes. "Affects of the Cold Water Pipe Depth in Ocean Thermal Energy Converter Plants with respect to Power Generation Efficiency." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 2 (August 31, 2015): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v2i0.1395.
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The Ocean provides an extensive renewable energy source. It is the exploitation of the thermal gradient between the warmed surface water and the deep cold water. A heat engine was developed to use the surface water as a heat source and the deep water as a cold source in order to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy and generate electricity. This process is called Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). This paper presents the three different types of OTEC power plants: closed-cycle, open-cycle and hybrid-cycle, showing real and conceptual examples of each. All three systems are analyzed in terms of gross power, net power, efficiency and size. Furthermore, the depth of the cold water pipe is discussed and related to the net power generation of the OTEC plant. The power generation efficiency of the plant increases as the gross power production increases. This is due to the depth of the cold water pipe and amount of power used by the cold water pipe pump.
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Barberis, Stefano, Andrea Giugno, Giacomo Sorzana, Miguel F. P. Lopes, and Alberto Traverso. "Techno-economic analysis of multipurpose OTEC power plants." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911303021.
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a promising technology to provide sustainable and dispatchable energy supply to oceanic coastal areas and islands. It exploits the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface water in an Organic RankineCycle (ORC), guaranteeing a continuous and dispatchable electric production, overcoming one ofthe most critical issue of renewable generators such as PV or wind turbines. Despite the technological maturity of ORC application to OTEC systems, it still presents technical and economicbarriers mainly related to their economic feasibility, large initial investments as well as heavy and time demanding civil installation works. To overcome such issues, multipurpose OTEC plants are proposed, producing electrical power as well as other products, such as useful thermal power (e.g. ambient cooling) and desalinated water. Since OTEC engineering is still at a lowdegree of maturity, there are no widespread and established tools to facilitate OTEC feasibility studies and to allow performance and cost optimization. Therefore, in this paper, a new tool for techno-economic analysis and optimization of multipurpose OTEC plants is presented. Starting from a detailed database of local water temperature and depth, the approach allows to provide a quantitative insight on the achievable performance, required investment, and expected economic returns, allowing for a preliminary but robust assessment of site potential as well as plant size. After the description of the techno-economic approach and related performance and cost functions, the tool is applied to an OTEC power plant case study in the range of 1 MW gross electrical power, including a preliminary assessment of scaling-up effects.
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Bin Nadeem, Talha, Asad A. Naqvi, and Ahsan Ahmed. "Suitable Site Selection for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems – A case study for Pakistan." TECCIENCIA 33, no. 17 (October 10, 2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2022.33.4.
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In developing countries such as Pakistan, the issue of generating power is crucial. As conventional power sources (fossil fuels) are depleting at an alarming rate. An abundant amount of energy is generated by thermal power plants using fossil fuels as their primary energy resource for combustion. Hence extreme uses of fossil fuels are noticed, which is greatly responsible for damaging our environment. Oceans exists around 71% of the surface area of earth and it has enormous potential for electricity generation. This study focuses on site selection for harnessing ocean energy by utilizing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems for coastal areas of Pakistan. In this study, four sites across the coastal region of Pakistan have been studied namely Karachi, Gwadar, Ormara and Pasni. Their theoretical maximum Carnot efficiencies have also been determined and Gwadar has been identified as the most suitable location for OTEC plant with the maximum theoretical efficiency of around 6.53%, 6.93% and 7.75% at the cold-water depths of 1000m, 1200m and 1500m, respectively.
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Yasunaga, Takeshi, Kevin Fontaine, and Yasuyuki Ikegami. "Performance Evaluation Concept for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion toward Standardization and Intelligent Design." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082336.
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Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses a very simple process to convert the thermal energy stored mainly in tropical oceans into electricity. In designs, operations, and evaluations, we need to consider the unique characteristics of OTEC to achieve the best performance or lower the electricity cost of projects. The concept and design constraints of OTEC power generation differ from those of conventional thermal power plants due to the utilization of a low temperature difference. This research theoretically recognizes the unique characteristics of the energy conversion system and summarizes the appropriate performance evaluation methods for OTEC based on finite-time thermodynamics and the equilibrium condition of the heat source. In addition, it presents the concept of normalization of thermal efficiency for OTEC and exergy efficiency based on the available thermal energy in the ocean defined as the transferable thermal energy from the ocean and the equilibrium condition as the dead state for exergy. The differences between conventional thermal efficiency and the effectiveness of the evaluation methods are visualized using the various reference design data, and it is ascertained that there is no clear relation between the conventional thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency, whereas the normalized thermal efficiency is definitely proportional to the exergy efficiency. Moreover, the exergy efficiency shows the effectiveness of the staging Rankine, Kalina, and Uehara cycles. Therefore, the normalized thermal efficiency and the exergy efficiency are important to analyze the heat and mass balance as well as improvement of the system.
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Curto, Domenico, Vincenzo Franzitta, and Andrea Guercio. "Sea Wave Energy. A Review of the Current Technologies and Perspectives." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206604.
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The proposal of new technologies capable of producing electrical energy from renewable sources has driven research into seas and oceans. Research finds this field very promising in the future of renewable energies, especially in areas where there are specific climatic and morphological characteristics to exploit large amounts of energy from the sea. In general, this kind of energy is referred to as six energy resources: waves, tidal range, tidal current, ocean current, ocean thermal energy conversion, and saline gradient. This review has the aim to list several wave-energy converter power plants and to analyze their years of operation. In this way, a focus is created to understand how many wave-energy converter plants work on average and whether it is indeed an established technology.
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Shekarbaghani, Ashrafoalsadat. "Determine the best location for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) in Iranian Seas." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 5 (February 28, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n5p32.
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Two-thirds of the earth's surface is covered by oceans. These bodies of water are vast reservoirs of renewable energy.<strong> </strong>Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion technology, known as OTEC, uses the ocean’s natural thermal gradient to generate power. In geographical areas with warm surface water and cold deep water, the temperature difference can be leveraged to drive a steam cycle that turns a turbine and produces power. Warm surface sea water passes through a heat exchanger, vaporizing a low boiling point working fluid to drive a turbine generator, producing electricity. OTEC power plants exploit the difference in temperature between warm surface waters heated by the sun and colder waters found at ocean depths to generate electricity. This process can serve as a base load power generation system that produces a significant amount of renewable, non-polluting power, available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. In this paper investigated the potential of capturing electricity from water thermal energy in Iranian seas (Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea). According to the investigated parameters of OTEC in case study areas, the most suitable point in Caspian Sea for capturing the heat energy of water is the south part of it which is in the neighborhood of Iran and the most suitable point in the south water of Iran, is the Chahbahar port.
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Nihous, Gérard C. "An Order-of-Magnitude Estimate of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Resources." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 127, no. 4 (April 5, 2005): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1949624.
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Worldwide power resources that could be extracted from the steady-state operation of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) plants are estimated using a simple model. This order-of-magnitude analysis indicates that about 3×109kW (3 TW) may be available, at most. This value is much smaller than estimates currently suggested in the technical literature. It reflects the scale of the perturbation caused by massive OTEC seawater flow rates on the thermal structure of the ocean. Not surprisingly, maximum OTEC power nearly corresponds to deep cold seawater flow rates of the order of the average abyssal upwelling representative of the global thermohaline circulation.
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Uehara, Haruo, Carmelo O. Dilao, and Tsutomu Nakaoka. "Conceptual design of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plants in the Philippines." Solar Energy 41, no. 5 (1988): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(88)90017-5.
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Garduño-Ruiz, Erika Paola, Rodolfo Silva, Yandy Rodríguez-Cueto, Alejandro García-Huante, Jorge Olmedo-González, M. Luisa Martínez, Astrid Wojtarowski, Raúl Martell-Dubois, and Sergio Cerdeira-Estrada. "Criteria for Optimal Site Selection for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Plants in Mexico." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082121.
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Sustainable energy is needed globally, and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a possible way to diversify the energy matrix. This article suggests a preliminary selection process to find optimal sites for OTEC deployment on the Mexican coastline. The method comprises the (1) evaluation of the thermal power potential, using daily data (16 years) of sea surface temperature, and the percentage of available time of the power thresholds; (2) assessment of feasibility using a decision matrix, fed by technical, environmental and socioeconomic criteria; (3) identification of four potential sites; and (4) comparison of OTEC competitiveness with other technologies through the levelized cost of energy. Multi-criteria decision analysis was applied to select optimal sites, using the technique for ordering performance by the similarity to the ideal solution. The best sites were (1) Puerto Angel and (2) Cabo San Lucas; with power production of > 50 MW and a persistence of > 40%. As yet there is no evidence from operational OTEC plants that could alter the environmental and socioeconomic criteria weightings. More in situ studies on pilot plants should help to determine their possible environmental impact and socio-economic consequences before any larger-scale projects are implemented.
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Nihous, Gérard C. "A Preliminary Assessment of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Resources." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 1 (July 7, 2006): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424965.
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Worldwide power resources that could be extracted from Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plants are estimated with a simple one-dimensional time-domain model of the thermal structure of the ocean. Recently published steady-state results are extended by partitioning the potential OTEC production region in one-degree-by-one-degree “squares” and by allowing the operational adjustment of OTEC operations. This raises the estimated maximum steady-state OTEC electrical power from about 3TW(109kW) to 5TW. The time-domain code allows a more realistic assessment of scenarios that could reflect the gradual implementation of large-scale OTEC operations. Results confirm that OTEC could supply power of the order of a few terawatts. They also reveal the scale of the perturbation that could be caused by massive OTEC seawater flow rates: a small transient cooling of the tropical mixed layer would temporarily allow heat flow into the oceanic water column. This would generate a long-term steady-state warming of deep tropical waters, and the corresponding degradation of OTEC resources at deep cold seawater flow rates per unit area of the order of the average abyssal upwelling. More importantly, such profound effects point to the need for a fully three-dimensional modeling evaluation to better understand potential modifications of the oceanic thermohaline circulation.
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Lynn, Bradley, Alexander Medved, and Timothy Griggs. "A comparative analysis on the impact of salinity on the heat generation of OTEC plants to determine the most plausible geographical location." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 5 (May 31, 2018): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v5i0.1500.
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This meta-study aims to analyse how the salinity and temperature gradient of the ocean influences the efficiency of ocean-based power plants utilising Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems to recommend optimal geographical locations. A comparative analysis of relevant and up to date literature was conducted with pooled data collected by other researchers and utilised such that reasonable conclusions were drawn on how the factors above impact the efficiency of the system. Through the comparisons of the different outputs of the various operational OTEC facilities, it was concluded that seawater with a higher salinity has a negative impact on the heat generated by the OTEC system. By decreasing the salinity by 10% the heat generated increased by up to 0.4%. This information conveys that ideal locations for OTEC power generation lie within the tropics, in regions with lower sea-water salinity. These findings could positively impact the power output of future OTEC plants and highlight the potential for new sources of renewable energies for coastal regions.
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Kowalczyk, T., J. Głuch, and P. Ziółkowski. "Analysis of Possible Application of High-Temperature Nuclear Reactors to Contemporary Large-Output Steam Power Plants on Ships." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0018.
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Abstract This paper is aimed at analysis of possible application of helium to cooling high-temperature nuclear reactor to be used for generating steam in contemporary ship steam-turbine power plants of a large output with taking into account in particular variable operational parameters. In the first part of the paper types of contemporary ship power plants are presented. Features of today applied PWR reactors and proposed HTR reactors are discussed. Next, issues of load variability of the ship nuclear power plants, features of the proposed thermal cycles and results of their thermodynamic calculations in variable operational conditions, are presented.
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Ma, Qingfen, Yun Zheng, Hui Lu, Jingru Li, Shenghui Wang, Chengpeng Wang, Zhongye Wu, Yijun Shen, and Xuejin Liu. "A Novel Ocean Thermal Energy Driven System for Sustainable Power and Fresh Water Supply." Membranes 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020160.
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The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a potential substitute for traditional power plants in tropical islands and coastal regions. However, the OTEC power generation cycle has low thermal efficiency and the integrated utilization is imperative, in which an OTEC coupled with seawater desalination is the most attractive option. Membrane distillation (MD) has distinct advantages making itself a competitive process for seawater desalination, especially the feature that the drained warm seawater from the OTEC power plant can be recycled, improving the integrated output of the OTEC system. In this study, an innovative OTEC system coupling a power generation sub-cycle (PGC) and a water production sub-cycle (WPC) was proposed, composed of the upstream organic Rankine cycle and the downstream membrane distillation modules. The mass, energy and exergy balance of the individual equipment, the sub-cycles and the whole system were performed by constructing the corresponding balance models. The thermal dynamic parameters were calculated, and the performance of power generation and water production was predicted. The results showed that by coupling with the MD desalination, the thermal efficiency of the OTEC system can be greatly improved from 2.19% to 25.38% while the exergy efficiency changed little. For a 100 kW OTEC power generation cycle, the water production rate approached 58.874 t/d. In addition, the economic analysis based on the electricity and water sale was carried out, and the profit can be improved by extra water production, especially in the Hawaii and Rainbow Beach by nearly 20%.
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Kong, Gaoqiang, and Weibing Guan. "Diffusion Characteristics and Mechanisms of Thermal Plumes from Coastal Power Plants: A Numerical Simulation Study." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030429.
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Plumes include thermal plumes and cold plumes, of which thermal plumes receive more attention. Thermal plumes refer to the formation of high-temperature fluid structures near a heat source, which diffuse and propagate within the surrounding environment. In this study, we simulate the formation and evolution of thermal plumes using numerical modeling. Taking Wushashan Power Plant in Xiangshan Bay as an example, the diffusion characteristics of the thermal plume near the power plant were simulated by the optimized FVCOM. Combined with statistical methods and advanced mathematical models, the plume diffusion range under different working conditions was quantified, and the diffusion mechanism was studied. For example, we found that when the flow velocity is halved, the diffusion area of the surface thermal plume decreases by more than half. When the flow rate in Xiangshan Bay is reduced to 5 m3/s, the area of surface temperature rise plumes is small. Using the Richardson number, the characteristics and mechanisms of stratification/mixing near the power plant were explored. It was found that the flow field near the power plant was mainly affected by the momentum of the outlet. During a typhoon, the wind strength and path impact thermal plume diffusion via wind-driven flow.
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Ravindran, M., and Raju Abraham. "The Indian 1 MW Demonstration OTEC Plant and the Pre-Commissioning Tests." Marine Technology Society Journal 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533202787908680.
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) utilizes the thermal gradient available in the ocean to operate a heat engine to produce work output. Even though the concept is simple and old for almost one century, recently it has gained momentum due to worldwide search for clean continuous energy sources to replace the fossil fuels. There are technological hurdles to overcome to tap the immense potential of OTEC. But still the technology is mature enough to establish commercial power plants. National Institute of Ocean Technology was involved in the design, development and demonstration of a 1 MW OTEC floating plant-the largest of its kind-in the Indian waters. This is to be commissioned 60 km south east of Tuticorin, South India where an ocean depth of 1200m available. The site surveys, computer analysis, model studies were done in 1999. The basic power cycle design Was completed within 4 months. The plant was integrated and stage qualification tests were carried out in 2000-02. The project is to be commissioned in January 2003. This paper is projecting the technological and economical aspects of the OTEC with an overview of the various pre-commissioning activities of the project.
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Mrzljak, Vedran, Maro Jelić, Igor Poljak, and Jasna Prpić-Oršić. "Analysis and Comparison of Main Steam Turbines from Four Different Thermal Power Plants." Pomorstvo 37, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.37.1.6.
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This paper presents an analysis and comparison of four steam turbines and their cylinders from four different power plants (marine, conventional, ultra-supercritical and nuclear power plants). The main goal was to find which steam turbine and their cylinders show the best performances, the highest efficiencies, the lowest specific steam consumption and which turbine is the lowest influenced by the ambient temperature change. The highest efficiencies, both isentropic and exergy, are observed in the steam turbine and their cylinders from the ultra-supercritical power plant (whole turbine from ultra-supercritical power plant has an isentropic efficiency equal to 88.36% and exergy efficiency equal to 91.05%). Also, this turbine has the lowest specific steam consumption (7.32 kg/kWh) and exergy parameters of this turbine are the lowest influenced by the ambient temperature change. The worst performance (the lowest efficiencies, high specific steam consumption and the highest sensitivity to the ambient temperature change) show the cylinders and whole turbine from marine propulsion power plant. The same analysis and comparison are also performed for several other steam turbines from four mentioned power plants, so the presented relations and dominant conclusions have general validity. It can be concluded that steam turbines in ultra-supercritical power plants show the best performances in comparison to steam turbines from any other power plant.
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Kravchenko, V., and A. Overchenko. "INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE IN THE TURBINE CONDENSER ON HEAT SUPPLY EFFICIENCY OF NPP WITH HEAT PUMP." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 68 (2023): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.68.2023.04.
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The use of a heat pump for heat supply makes it possible to practically stop thermal pollution of the environment during the operation of thermal and nuclear power plants in winter. If a steam turbine condenser is used as a low-potential energy source for heat pump, the amount of released thermal energy will be equal to the sum of the thermal power of the NPP condenser and the power of the heat pump compressors. From the point of view of environmental safety, heat supply by combining power plant with a heat pump is an urgent task. But it is known that the due to the lack of steam extraction for water heating, the additional electrical power of the cogeneration heat and power plant will be less than the capacity of the heat pump compressors. Thus, in terms of thermodynamic efficiency, the use of a heat pump loses to a traditional cogeneration plant. The purpose of the work is to determine the influence of the final pressure in the turbine condenser on the thermodynamic efficiency of a nuclear power plant with a heat pump. A mathematical model of the thermal scheme of the K-1000-5.8/1500 NPP turbo-plant during summer and winter operation with heating plant has been developed. With the heating plant capacity of 230 MW, the electric capacity of NPP unit decreases by 43.5 MW. A mathematical model of a heat pump has been developed, for which a steam turbinecondenser is used as a low-potential energy source. To ensure the release of 230 MW of heat, the power of the heat pump compressor must be 48.4 MW. Thus, if the heating plant is replaced with a heat pump of the same capacity, the electric power will decrease by 4.8 MW. Calculations were made regarding the influence of the final pressure in the condenser on the exergetic efficiency of the NPP with heat pump, which uses the entire capacity of the turbine condenser. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the exergetic efficiency due to the increase in electric power released in winter increases with the increase of the final pressure in the condenser. This is explained by an increase in the heat pump coefficient of performance.
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del Río Gamero, Beatriz, Inés Prieto Prado, Sebastián Ovidio Pérez Báez, and Antonio Gómez Gotor. "Desalination plants (reverse osmosis) to improve thermal power station. Yield and life cycle." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 48-49 (April 28, 2016): 23420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1173378.
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Kondratyk, V., V. Skalozubov, Ju Komarov, S. Kosenko, and D. Fedorov. "PREVENTION OF HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY CONDITIONS IN SAFETY SYSTEMS WITH PUMPS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 1, no. 65 (2022): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.65.2022.08.
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The study of hydrodynamic instability in the safety systems of nuclear power plants is relevant. In the deterministic analysis of the safety of nuclear power plants based on accident simulation, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of hydrodynamic instability in the operational and transient modes of safety systems. The consequences of the emergence of hydrodynamic instability in safety systems can be following: a significant deterioration of the heat and mass exchange conditions in the reactor and steam generators during the heating process, an increased power of thermo-hydro-shock on the equipment of the nuclear installation and other negative effects. The negative consequences of the hydrodynamic instability in the safety systems of nuclear power plants can be a significant deterioration in the conditions of heat-mass exchange and the thermal water hammers with increased power. The main reasons for the hydrodynamic instability in safety systems are inertial lag in the response of control valves and head-flow characteristic of pumps to “fast” changes in hydrodynamic parameters in nuclear power plant systems. The purpose of this work is to determine methods for minimizing the impact of the causes of hydrodynamic instability in security systems. The methods of substantiating effective structural and technical parameters of damping devices to prevent conditions of hydrodynamic instability in stationary working and transient modes of safety systems with pumps are given. A method for substantiating effective design and technical parameters of damping devices to prevent conditions of hydrodynamic instability in transient modes of starting pumps of safety systems is presented. Stability conditions in stationary operating modes of the initial steam-gas volume of damping devices are determined. The minimum permissible dimensions of damping devices that meet the conditions of hydrodynamic stability in the transient modes of SB pumps are determined.
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Seyyed, Amirreza Abdollahi. "RESEARCH ON THE TYPES OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER TURBINES." NATURAL AND MAN-MADE RISKS (PHYSICO-MATHEMATICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS) 2023, no. 4 (February 14, 2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2307-7476-2024-2023-4-53-60.
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Renewable energy resources related to hydroelectric power supply a large part of the electricity in the world. In the hydroelectric power method, the energy of water flowing is converted into electricity. This method is considered a renewable energy resource because the water cycle is uniformly continued with sunlight. One of the first hydroelectric power applications was in grain milling, while today, modern hydroelectric power plants use turbines and generators to produce electricity. This paper is aimed to investigate the influential factors in the performance of all types of hydroelectric power turbines. Electricity generation through the thermal energy conversion process has special features such as non-polluting the environment, good efficiency, cheapness of ocean power, etc.
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Piwowarski, Marian. "Design analysis of ORC micro-turbines making use of thermal energy of oceans." Polish Maritime Research 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2013-0016.
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Abstract The article presents the results of the analysis of energy conversion cycles making use of thermal energy of oceans. The objects of analysis were two cases of closed Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants, which were: the cycle in which the vapour of the working medium was produced by warm oceanic water in the circum-equatorial zone, and the so-called “arctic” cycle in which this vapour was produced by non-frozen water in the circumpolar zone. Between ten and twenty low-boiling media were examined for which operating parameters were optimised to obtain the highest cycle efficiency. A preliminary design of an ORC turbine which was obtained by optimising basic design parameters is included. It has been proved that realisation of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) cycle is possible both in the warm and permanently frozen regions. The results of the calculations have also revealed that the efficiency of the OTEC cycle is higher in the circumpolar zone. Selecting a low-boiling medium and designing a highly efficient turbine operating in both abovementioned regimes is technically realisable.
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Makarov, I. I., E. A. Sukhov, and T. B. Ishchuk. "Improvement of systems supplying process water to thermal and nuclear power plants." Hydrotechnical Construction 31, no. 5 (May 1997): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02768778.
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Mori, Y., S. M. Masutani, G. C. Nihous, L. A. Vega, and C. M. Kinoshita. "Pre-Combustion Removal of Carbon Dioxide From Natural Gas Power Plants and the Transition to Hydrogen Energy Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905945.
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A system to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from combustion power plants is described. Unlike earlier proposals based on flue gas treatment, the problem is addressed prior to combustion by reforming the hydrocarbon fuel into H2 and CO2. Following separation, H2 is burned in place of the original fuel and the captured CO2 is liquefied and injected into the deep ocean at a depth sufficient to ensure effective containment, and to minimize damage to the marine environment. Calculations indicate moderate plant thermal efficiency and power cost penalties. In addition, the H2 production potential of this system may be exploited as a means to facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to future hydrogen energy systems.
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Hajduk, Tomasz. "Research of Deposit Accumulated on Heat Exchange Surfaces in the Light of Thermal Degradation of Heat Exchange Aparatus of Steam Power Plants Part I: Study of Real Sediments." Polish Maritime Research 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0012.
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Abstract The presence of deposits on heat exchange surfaces in condensers and regenerative exchangers of ship and land steam power plants is always connected with the increase of the wall temperature on the water vapor side due to additional thermal resistances resulting from accumulated deposits. This increase always results in an increase in the condensing pressure, which results in the deterioration of the condensation process of the water vapor, leading to thermal degradation of a given heat exchanger. In addition, the resulting deposits form unevenness with a diversified, often stochastic, geometric structure of the surface layer surface, whose measure is most often the roughness parameters, describing the geometric structure of the surface. In addition, the increase in surface roughness of the heat transfer surface on the water vapor side promotes the formation of a thicker layer of condensate, thus worsening the organization of condensate runoff, which results in interference of the thermal degradation phenomenon of a given heat exchange apparatus. As a result, these phenomena lead to a reduction in the efficiency of a given thermal system, and thus entail an increase in the costs of energy conversion and consequently cause an increased degradation of the natural environment. In the article, based on the results of the author’s own experimental research, the types of pollution accumulating on heat exchange surfaces on the water vapor side of heat exchange apparatus in marine and land steam power plants and quantitative measures of the unevenness of the surface layer of these sediments are presented.
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Aaqib Mukhtar Wani and Jai Singh Arya. "A Review on Power Generation System." International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques (IJRISAT) 2, no. 9 (February 13, 2022): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46828/ijrisat.v2i9.38.
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Electricity is major requirement for daily life activities. Without electricity the domestic and industrial operation cannot be performed. But there exists several issues during these processes. However lot of research have been made to solve issues but still there are some problems such as Lack of clean & reliable energy sources, Intraday load & need, no access to electricity, Pollution from thermal power plants, Poor pipeline connectivity & infrastructure, Inadequate last mile connectivity, Average transmission, distribution & consumer-level losses etc. In previous research SOLAR PV –WIND Hybrid power generation system approach has been used. As it is known that Renewable energy sources such as energy generated from solar, biomass, wind, geothermal, hydro power, and ocean resources have been considered as a technological option. It could help in generating clean energy. But there are certain limitations of tradition work such as solar energy is not available 24 hours. Even in winter the solar production is negligible.
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Agafonov, Igor Anatolievich, Oksana Sergeevna Chechina, and Igor Evgenievich Shafranskii. "Economic aspects of prospective use of renewable energy resources by traditional technologies." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2023, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2023-1-13-22.
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The article focuses on the analysis of world electric power production over the past decades, which is marked by the increase in the world total electricity production by more than 4 times in 1937-2019. The shares of electricity production from different sources are analyzed. Hydropower, which uses natural renewable resources and does not generate greenhouse gases and other combustion products, and also has great potential to meet the electricity needs of many countries is given a special position among the electricity generation processes. According to the analysis, hydropower accounts for around 16% of the world’s electricity production. Distribution of shares of hydroelectric power generation by the countries, including Russia, is illustrated. There has been defined a total gross hydro potential of the Russian Federation (about 2,800 billion kWh); Russia ranks second after China in supply of hydropower resources. There is considered a traditional approach for our country to produce electricity at thermal power plants. Decommissioning of hydroelectric power plants is supposed to take a large amount of state budget expenditures. The advantages of hydroelectric power plants and negative consequences of hydropower engineering are given. Distribution of the economic potential of the hydrogenation energy resources of the Russian rivers with the highest dynamics of hydropower development is illustrated, and its application is determined (the RF hydro potential is used rather poorly, its distribution across the country is uneven). The promising application of the hydro potential of the rivers in the North Caucasus has been proved, as well as of building the derivational hydroelectric power plants with artificial channel systems without flooding the territories and resettling the population. The directions of alternative hydropower engineering that use the mechanical energy of tides, currents, waves and thermal energy of the ocean have been considered.
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Mazurenko, A., O. Klymchuk, G. Luzhanska, P. Ivanov, and I. Sergeiev. "ENSURING INCREASED RELIABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS DUE TO THE USE OF MICROTURBINES IN CONDITIONS OF UNSTABLE POWER SUPPLY." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 66 (2022): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.66.2022.07.
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Research on the effectiveness of using microturbines for reliable energy supply during the operation of boilers, heat pumps and other small and non-traditional energy systems. In view of the total global economy of fuel and energy resources, the difficult energy situation in Ukraine, the issues of energy saving and reliable operation of heat supply systems, including autonomous ones, come first. The development and implementation of new technologies in the field of small energy are becoming more and more relevant. The compact size of energy generators, and, accordingly, their mobility, arouse interest in research, development and application in small energy of modern autonomous power generation installations. Thermal power plants with different types of aggregates can be used as autonomous units, each of which can be rational for one or another specific field of application and type of fuel. Today, there are number of problems that make it possible to organize a reliable energy supply. Among them: energy deficit in the regions, lack of high-quality energy infrastructure, interruptions in energy supply, low energy efficiency of generation, high wear and tear of thermal power plant equipment and network infrastructure, lack of centralized heat supply in remote areas, high energy intensity of production. Now for consumers there are a number of obstacles in the reliable operation of the energy supply system, so the use of microturbines as an energy source for objects of various purposes will allow to effectively solving this problem. The use of counter-pressure steam microturbines in boiler rooms with steam boilers is the easiest way to utilize the energy of the steam flow to generate electricity and further utilize the steam heat in the boiler. The transfer of existing boiler houses to mini-CHP will make these enterprises highly profitable. In the calculations, the boilers of the DKVR series, which are predominant today in boiler rooms, were taken as the basic boilers. The calculation of the microturbine impeller is based on the Euler equation for plane-parallel flow. After analyzing the studies of the microturbine, it is possible to conclude about the expediency of its use to increase the efficiency and reliability of the operation of autonomous power plants.
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Seungtaek, Lim, Lee Hosaeng, Moon Junghyun, and Kim Hyeonju. "Simulation Data of Regional Economic Analysis of OTEC for Applicable Area." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091107.
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To mitigate the power shortage problem in the South Pacific island nations and the equatorial area, we studied the development characteristics of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) using abundant clean ocean energy. Through the simulation of open- and closed-cycle OTEC, the generation amount and its economic efficiency were compared, and the application characteristics of the power generation cycle according to the seawater temperature distribution were compared by applying various seawater temperature conditions. According to the characteristics of seawater heat sources in the region, the power generation output was about 883.2 kW in Samoa, and the average power generation by region was about 650.5 kW for the open-cycle OTEC model. Regional revenue up to approximately $8,487,000 was generated in Kiribati, driven by the higher electricity tariff of $0.327/kWh and high water costs of $5.86/ton. With the spread of 50 MW commercial plants, Kiribati had a high net present value of $1,930,402,000, and its internal rate of return was more than 37.0%. This paper is presents a method of securing economic feasibility of OTEC according to various heat source conditions and economic conditions in the region, while it also analyzes the capacity and type of the power plant.
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Lopez, Guillermo, Maria de los Angeles Ortega Del Rosario, Arthur James, and Humberto Alvarez. "Site Selection for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plants (OTEC): A Case Study in Panama." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093077.
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This research addressed a need for technical evaluation of the oceanic scenario of Panama for the use of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Its bathymetry and location can potentially lead to the exploitation of OTEC, diversifying the energy matrix and helping achieve sustainability. Nevertheless, site selection for OTEC can be a complex task since it involves various alternatives, with different quantitative and qualitative criteria, which may conflict in some cases. Optimization and multiple criteria (MCD) methods have been used lately to address these issues; however, their use is still limited. Here, Analytic Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) is proposed as a MCD method for site selection. Six sites of interest were considered as the alternatives for a plant installment. These sites were chosen, excluding the environmentally and aboriginal protected areas. The quantitative criteria considered were surface and deep-water temperatures, coastline distance, gross and net efficiency. Those variables related to the efficiency, such as the water temperatures, can be considered the most influential, leading to Punta Burica, located on Panama’s Pacific coast, as the best option (96.17%).
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Manasseh, Richard, Kathleen L. McInnes, and Mark A. Hemer. "Pioneering developments of marine renewable energy in Australia." International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759313116684525.
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The history of ocean renewable energy developments in Australia is reviewed. A layperson’s description of the physical operating principle is given for the main classes of technology that have been tested in Australian waters. The Australian marine domain possesses among the world’s most energetic wave-energy resources, driven by powerful mid-latitude westerly winds. The northern coast of Western Australia has tidal ranges significant on a global scale, and some geographical features around the continent have local tidal resonances. The East Australian Current, one of the world’s major western boundary currents, runs along the eastern Australian seaboard, offering potential for ocean-current energy. Sea-water temperatures in the tropical north-east of Australia may permit ocean thermal energy conversion. While this abundance of resources makes Australia an ideal location for technology development, the population is highly concentrated in a few large cities, and transmission infrastructure has developed over a century to supply cities from traditional power plants. Several wave-power developments have resulted in demonstration of deployments in Australian waters, three of which have been grid connected. Trials of tidal devices have also occurred, while other classes of ocean renewable energy have not yet been trialled. The prospects for marine renewable energy in Australia are discussed including non-traditional applications such as coastal protection and energy export.
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Ikegami, Y., and A. Bejan. "On the Thermodynamic Optimization of Power Plants With Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Irreversibilities." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888057.
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This note addresses the current debate on the correctness of power plant models and analyses of the type published by Curzon and Ahlborn (1975) among others. Such models are based on the highly questionable assumption that the heat input is freely available, i.e., a degree-of-freedom for steady-state operation. This modeling assumption is wrong when the heat input (e.g., fuel) is in limited supply. On the other hand, it is shown that a model with freely varying heat input is possible if the roles of heat source and heat sink are played by two streams pumped from fluid reservoirs of different temperatures, as in geothermal and ocean thermal energy conversion systems, for example. The simplified model has both heat transfer and fluid flow irreversibilities, however, it neglects other possible sources. Several new results are developed. There exist optimal flow rates of hot fluid and cold fluid such that the net power output is maximized. As an alternative to power maximization, the model can be optimized for maximum efficiencies (net, first law, or second law). The note illustrates the importance of separating the questioned modeling assumption (e.g., Curzon and Ahlborn, 1975) from the generally applicable method of modeling and optimization (entropy generation minimization, EGM).
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Ismail, N. M., R. L. Wiegel, P. J. Ryan, and S. W. Tu. "MIXING OF THERMAL DISCHARGES IN COASTAL WATERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.187.
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Mixing of thermal effluents, being discharged from thermal power plants on coastlines and which head into surface waves was investigated by analyzing extensive field and laboratory data on plume and ocean ambient conditions. Emphasis was given on the effect of waves and surf zone currents on the modifications of plume surface area and vertical temperature profile in the near-field area. The results of this investigation showed that large opposing waves increase the plume surface area, in the vicinity of the outfall, for all cases of tide level and wave direction. Moreover, waves focused cold bottom currents on the discharge outlet and consequently the temperature of the released warm water was decreased at the surface and near the bottom. Wave-induced cross flows decreased the plume cumulative surface area which corresponded to fractional excess temperature ranging between 0.8 and 0.5 normalized values. This decrease was shown to be contingent that there is no interaction between the far-field and near-field plume waters. Gradient of wave momentum flux across surf zone was found to be necessary parameter to characterize the incident wave field.
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Fontaine, Kevin, Takeshi Yasunaga, and Yasuyuki Ikegami. "OTEC Maximum Net Power Output Using Carnot Cycle and Application to Simplify Heat Exchanger Selection." Entropy 21, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121143.
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Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the natural thermal gradient in the sea. It has been investigated to make it competitive with conventional power plants, as it has huge potential and can produce energy steadily throughout the year. This has been done mostly by focusing on improving cycle performances or central elements of OTEC, such as heat exchangers. It is difficult to choose a suitable heat exchanger for OTEC with the separate evaluations of the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop that are usually found in the literature. Accordingly, this paper presents a method to evaluate heat exchangers for OTEC. On the basis of finite-time thermodynamics, the maximum net power output for different heat exchangers using both heat transfer performance and pressure drop was assessed and compared. This method was successfully applied to three heat exchangers. The most suitable heat exchanger was found to lead to a maximum net power output 158% higher than the output of the least suitable heat exchanger. For a difference of 3.7% in the net power output, a difference of 22% in the Reynolds numbers was found. Therefore, those numbers also play a significant role in the choice of heat exchangers as they affect the pumping power required for seawater flowing. A sensitivity analysis showed that seawater temperature does not affect the choice of heat exchangers, even though the net power output was found to decrease by up to 10% with every temperature difference drop of 1 °C.
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Muhammad Dalil, Basuki Wirjosentono, Jaswar Koto, Dodi Sofyan Arief, and Abdul Khair junidi. "Effect of Sea Current to Composites Cold Water Pipeline of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 107, no. 2 (August 16, 2023): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.107.2.2740.
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Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a new source of future energy that is clean and environmentally friendly with zero emissions. It is very potential to be developed in Indonesia, which is located at the equator. to meet the electricity needs of the outermost and remote islands that are not currently covered by the main power plants in Indonesia. Indonesia has deep seas around the islands with temperatures of 5°C and surface temperatures above 25-28°C, so a temperature difference of 20°C can be obtained easily for OTEC power plants. Cold water supplied to the OTEC plant with a capacity of 2 MW at sea level requires a pipe with a diameter of 4 m and a length of 500 m. The pipeline must be insulating, not floating, corrosion-resistant, and resistant to current loads. Current is a very serious concern with the potential to cause pipe failure. The pipe material being investigated is a short fiberglass High-density polyethylene composite. In this study, a simulation of the effect of current on the composite pipe was carried out to obtain an overview of the stress that occurs and the proper pipe dimensions used. The highest current speed in Indonesian water is found in the Makassar Strait from July to September at 0.8 m/s at a depth of 100 m. Based on the OTEC Pro Simulation software for a capacity of 2 MW, resulted in the pipe size is 4 m and the pipe length is 500 m which refers to the temperature profile. In the simulation, the calculation of the dynamically moving current becomes the drag force on the pipe, and with the Autodesk inventor, it is known that the deflection in the pipe, and the yield stress cause failure in the pipe. Subsequently, from the deflection and yield stress data, a pipe thickness of 20-30 cm is obtained for the short fiberglass-HDPE composite material which is safe to use as an OTEC cold water pipe with a capacity of 2 MW. Pipes with a thickness smaller than 15 cm are too thin for a diameter of 4 m because the pipe wall has already experienced a deflection in a horizontal position and pipes with a thickness of > 30 cm are known from the simulation that the pipes cannot be connected rigidly and the pipes also experience stress due to current and pipe weight. so that the stress becomes greater in the pipe.
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Cichy, Marian, Jacek Kropiwnicki, and Zbigniew Kneba. "A Model of Thermal Energy Storage According to the Convention of Bond Graphs (Bg) and State Equations (Se)." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0069.
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AbstractThe main advantage of the use of the Bond Graphs method and State Equations for modeling energy systems with a complex structure (marine power plants, hybrid vehicles, etc.) is the ability to model the system components of different physical nature using identical theoretical basis. The paper presents a method of modeling thermal energy storage, which is in line with basic BG theory. Critical comments have been put forward concerning multiport energy storage introduced by other authors or the so-called C-field. In suggested approach, the decision not to use pseudo Bond Graphs has been justified as not being in line with basic BG theory. On the basis of molecular physics it was considered that the state variable, in physical and mathematical sense, should be temperature rather than entropy. Examples of the application of the proposed approach to thermodynamic processes and heat exchange have been presented. The application of a single graph as a model for thermal energy storage has been illustrated by a way of numerical simulation examples.
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TASKOV, LJUBOMIR, LIDIJA KRSTEVSKA, and BRATICA TEMELKOSKA. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS EXPOSED TO SEISMIC LOADS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 08, no. 02 (June 2008): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455408002685.
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This paper deals with the experimental results obtained by in situ and model testing of a segment of the pipeline system of a thermal power plant. The field testing has been performed by using the forced and ambient vibration method. The model testing has been performed by means of a shaking table. The model was designed and constructed to the scale of 1/3 and tested on the seismic shaking table in the IZIIS' laboratory. The adopted modeling concept was an adequate model with artificial mass simulation, using the same material as that of the prototype. The spring hangings, as well as the special rolling support, have also been simulated. The model was subjected to random, harmonic and earthquake motion in horizontal, vertical and biaxial directions. The results show that the support springs can accept displacements in both the horizontal and the vertical direction in the elastic range of deformation, while the stop point base support is sensitive to the intensity of earthquake motion and is required to be limited to the horizontal and vertical directions.
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Sun, Lin, Xuesong Wang, Jun Wang, Meiru Liu, and Genglei Xia. "RELAP5 Foresight Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Hypothesis Passive Safety Injection System under LOCA for an Existing NPP in China." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2020 (December 27, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8844910.
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Qinshan nuclear power plant is the first large Chinese-designed nuclear power station based on pressurized water reactor, and the second generation main stream active safety injection system is adopted for Qinshan nuclear power plant. In this paper, a novel passive safety injection system (PSIS) has been proposed for ocean-based Qinshan Phase One nuclear power plant to replace the original active one. The PSIS contains high-pressure, medium-pressure, and lower-pressure safety injection systems, and a two-stage automatic depressurization system. To evaluate the system performance, small-break LOCA has been investigated using RELAP5. Various break sizes and locations including 2-inch, 10-inch cold leg break, and double-ended direct vessel injection line break were analyzed. Key safety parameters such as safe injection mass flow rates, coolant level of the core, system pressure, and fuel cladding temperature were monitored during the accident process. The results illustrate that the performance of the safety injection system can guarantee the effective core cooling and submerged under different LOCA even with only half of the safety injection system, which can fulfill the single failure criteria. The thermal-hydraulic analysis for the Qinshan passive safety injection system is significant to master the related technologies for Chinese engineer and develop the Chinese-designed third-generation nuclear power plants, and the PSIS can guarantee the reactor submerged under LOCA even plus the station block out accident.
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Martenson, V. Ya, V. M. Braitsev, and Yu S. Odinets. "Fish-protecting functions of water treatment machines in water supply systems of thermal and nuclear power plants." Hydrotechnical Construction 24, no. 12 (December 1990): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01434604.
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Osolovskii, V. P., and N. I. Sobolev. "Damages sustained by structures of thermal electric power plants during earthquakes and measures to improve their earthquake resistance." Hydrotechnical Construction 32, no. 10 (October 1998): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02446337.
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GarcÃa, Rolando. "A VORTEX DROP STRUCTURE AS DEAERATION SYSTEM FOR A SUBMARINE OUTFALL PIPELINE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.16.
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Use of submarine outfall pipelines became more common since World Bank Group issued a new guideline for maximum emissions levels for thermal power plants in 1998 (van Dijk, 2005). The more restrictive levels for temperature increase at the receiving water, requires outfall systems to conduct the water down to greater depths to achieve the required dilution standard. However, air entrainment control into outfall pipes could be challenging, especially for discharges with high flowrates for which conventional deaeration chambers become too large. The problem could turn more difficult in coastal shelf areas at seismic zones, where the hydraulic height of the incoming flow must be effectively controlled and the design not only has to pursue hydraulic objectives but also stability requirements for these massive structures subjected to relevant seismic thrusts. A vortex drop structure was designed for the cooling water discharge system of a thermal power plant in Mejillones Bay, Chile. The structure addresses the elevation difference between the return flow pipe and the ocean outfall pipelines while adhering to the spatial restrictions at the project site. Energy dissipation as well as limitation of air entrainment into the outfall pipelines were critical design considerations. Tests where done on a 1:12.5 scale (Froude) physical model. Prototype structure is under construction. Operation is planned to start on mid-2018.
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Zelenchuk, A. V., and V. A. Krylenkov. "Probes for the study of icy and subglacial environment of planets." Ice and Snow 59, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2019-1-123-134.
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The article proposes a technology for increasing the thermic ice drilling rate under the influence of hydraulic force generated by the probe (or cryobot), which increases the coefficient of conversion of thermal energy into the energy of ice melting and allows increasing the power of thermal head of the probe. A single-wire Tesla system is proposed to use for the probe power supply, which makes it possible to reduce the volume of the cable and losses of transmitted energy. The method of the probe self-lifting to the ice surface without using the hydraulic force (traction), i.e. without a load on the cable, is proposed. To study thick (up to 5 km) ice sheets and subglacial water environments on the Earth, as well as the ice cover (up to 30 km thick) and the subglacial ocean of the Europe (the Jupiter’s satellite), conceptual principal designs of the probe (or cryobot) have been developed on the basis of thermic-hydraulic drilling (THD). Implementation of the THD‑cryobot designs will allow organizing systemic studies of glaciers and subglacial water environments on the Earth and other planets, not disturbing their ice isolation with multiple savings of financial and technical means, energy and time.
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Korobko, Volodymyr, Serhiy Serbin, and Huu Cuong Le. "Exploration of a Model Thermoacoustic Turbogenerator with a Bidirectional Turbine." Polish Maritime Research 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2023-0063.
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Abstract The utilisation of the thermal emissions of modern ship power plants requires the development and implementation of essentially new methods of using low-temperature waste heat. Thermoacoustic technologies are able to effectively use low-temperature and cryogenic heat resources with a potential difference of 500–111 K. Thermoacoustic heat machines (TAHMs) are characterised by high reliability, simplicity and environmental safety. The wide implementation of thermoacoustic energy-saving systems is hampered by the low specific power and the difficulties of directly producing mechanical work. An efficient approach to converting acoustic energy into mechanical work entails the utilisation of axial pulse bidirectional turbines within thermoacoustic heat engines. These thermoacoustic turbogenerators represent comprehensive systems that consist of thermoacoustic primary movers with an electric generator actuated by an axial-pulse bidirectional turbine. The development of such a thermoacoustic turbogenerator requires several fundamental issues to be solved. For this purpose, a suitable experimental setup and a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a thermoacoustic engine (TAE) with bidirectional turbines were created. The research program involved conducting physical experiments and the CFD modelling of processes in a TAE resonator with an installed bidirectional turbine. The boundary and initial conditions for CFD calculations were based on empirical data. The adequacy of the developed numerical model was substantiated by the results of physical experiments. The CFD results showed that the most significant energy losses in bidirectional turbines are manifested in the output grid of the turbine.
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Kurniawati, Ika, Beatriz Beaumont, Ramon Varghese, Danka Kostadinović, Ivan Sokol, Hassan Hemida, Panagiotis Alevras, and Charalampos Baniotopoulos. "Conceptual Design of a Floating Modular Energy Island for Energy Independency: A Case Study in Crete." Energies 16, no. 16 (August 10, 2023): 5921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165921.
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This paper aims to investigate the development of a floating artificial sustainable energy island at a conceptual design level that would enhance the energy independence of islands focusing on a case study on the island of Crete. This paper provides a baseline assessment showing the immense potential of wind and solar energy in and around Crete integrating the third significant renewable energy source (RES) of ocean waves into the energy island. The selection of the best location for the floating offshore platforms that compose the energy island is addressed through exploiting the great potential of the above-mentioned RES, taking into consideration criteria with regard to several significant human activities. To this end, the concept of an innovative floating modular energy island (FMEI) that integrates different renewable energy resources is proposed; in addition, a case study that focuses on the energy independency of a big island illustrates the concept referring to the substitution of the local thermal power plants that are currently in operation in Crete with sustainable energy power. Although focused on the renewable energy resources around Crete, the work of this paper provides a basis for a systematic offshore renewable energy assessment as it proposes a new methodology that could be used anywhere around the globe.
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Salvá, M., R. Hernández, and C. Sanz. "Proposal of a Method for Implementing Infrared Scanning Inspection Programs in Merchant Vessels." Marine Technology and SNAME News 41, no. 01 (January 1, 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2004.41.1.1.
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This paper summarizes a proposal for implementing a predictive maintenance program based on infrared scanning inspection in merchant vessels. Current use of infrared inspection in merchant vessels is discussed, with an analysis of the problems and the benefits. Finally, a method for developing an inspection plan is proposed. The method consists of a selection of parameters, with consideration of infrared thermography and which general and specific criteria must be followed. Infrared thermal imaging is currently used for many engineering activities, mainly in industrial plants, in which predictive maintenance is widely used. However, this technique is being applied only in some types of merchant vessels, such as fast ferries and, in general, high-speed crafts. The main objective of the maintenance program proposed in this paper is prevention of loss by reducing the risks of fire and explosion. Twenty percent of the world ship losses in the last 25 years were caused by fire or explosions, the second most common cause of loss after bad weather. The proposed method consists of inspection and diagnostic tasks done on a systematic basis. The measurements of surface temperatures can detect hot spots and, subsequently, potential ignition sources. All the electrical power, distribution, and receptor devices; insulations; and any hot surface in the engine room, such as boiler casings and exhaust pipes, are included in the maintenance program. The second objective is related to the savings achieved by preventive maintenance reduction and the benefits of healthy facilities. Thermal scanning can detect small temperature differences between close points on a surface. This capability allows the detection of potential failures, such as cracks and lack of insulation in pipes and casings, thermal isolations, and small leaks of pressurized fluids such as steam, compressed air, and nonvisible fluids. The authors are currently working on a research project sponsored by the Spanish Maritime Authority within the scope of the development of new technologies focused on increasing maritime safety. One of the tasks of that project is the method of carrying out the inspection programs presented in this paper.
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AM, Penjiyev. "Sunny City - Arkadag." Journal of Energy and Environmental Science 1, no. 1 (November 14, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jeesc-16000103.
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The article obtained systematized, scientifically substantiated gross, technical, economic and environmental energy resource potentials from the introduction and use of solar energy technologies. The technical, economic, and environmental priorities of power plants were assessed in terms of energy efficiency , fuel economy, and the impact on the environment per square meter from conversion to thermal and electrical energy in the city of Arkadag. Empirical formulas have been obtained for the implementation of solar energy technological structures and the preparation of design and estimate documentation.
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ABLAEV, A. R. "ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS OF DESIGNING THE COOLERS OF THE SYSTEMS OF SUPPORTING THE HEAT REGIME OF SHIP ENERGY INSTALLATIONS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 6 (2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-344-6-11-16.
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The design methods for shipboard shell-and-tube oil and water coolers are presented. As a result of the review, it was revealed that currently there is no systematic and complete methodological support for the integrated computer-aided design of ship heat exchangers (CAD SHE), which in turn would be integrated into the CAD / CAM / CAE system and later on into the production preparation. From the analysis it follows that not all operating conditions of ship power plants are provided with an oil cooler. This is due to the fact that the surface of the cooler and its flow characteristics were calculated only on the nominal mode, and other operating characteristics were not evaluated. The complexity of the work of ship oil and water coolers lies in the fact that the parameters of the heat load on these devices change, the temperature and salinity of the outboard water change depending on the navigation area. Determining the effect of the oil cooler on changing the power of the power plant when the characteristics of the cooling coolant (seawater) change, such as initial temperature, flow rate, salinity, without additional testing in each mode is difficult. It is also difficult to change the salinity and temperature of the seawater during the tests. Thus, the designer of the power plant does not know how the mode of its operation will change when the ship (ship) in the World Ocean is different. This indicates the need to improve the methods of thermal and hydrodynamic calculations of SHE with their integration into the overall design system. Under these conditions, the problem of using integrated CAD SHE is of particular relevance.