Journal articles: 'Ocean wave energy converter'

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Foerd Ames, P. "4672222 Ocean wave energy converter." Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review 34, no. 11 (January 1987): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0254(87)91156-3.

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Satriawan, Muhammad, L. Liliasari, Wawan Setiawan, and Ade Gafar Abdullah. "Unlimited Energy Source: A Review of Ocean Wave Energy Utilization and Its Impact on the Environment." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v6i1.31473.

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This paper aims to review the potential of wave energy in several countries, the wave energy converter technology that has been developed, and the impact of the installation of wave energy converter technology devices on the environment. In addition, it discusses the theoretical formulations and challenges in the development of energy converter technology in the future. Based on the detail analysis, the potential of ocean wave energy for alternative energy is very large but cannot be used optimally because the technology of wave energy converter that has been developed is still on a prototype scale. In addition, the impact of the use of ocean wave converters on the environment is insignificant compared with conventional energy. Finally, this study informs and recommends the government and the private sector to start investing in the ocean wave energy industry optimally in order to achieve a sustainable future.

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Zheng, Zhongqiang, Zhipeng Yao, Zongyu Chang, Tao Yao, and Bo Liu. "A point absorber wave energy converter with nonlinear hardening spring power-take-off systems in regular waves." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 234, no. 4 (May 2, 2020): 820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090220913687.

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Point absorber wave energy converter is one of the most effective wave energy harness devices. Most of the wave energy converters generate energy by oscillating the floating body. Usually, the power-take-off system is simplified as a linear spring and a linear damper. However, the narrow frequency bandwidth around a particular resonant frequency is not suitable for real vibrations applications. Thus, a nonlinear hardening spring and a linear damper are applied in the power-take-off system. The bandwidth of hardening mechanism is discussed. The dynamic model of wave energy converter is built in regular waves with time domain method. The results show that the nonlinear wave energy converter has higher conversion efficiency than the linear wave energy converter more than the natural frequency state. The conversion efficiency of the nonlinear wave energy converter in the low frequency state is closed to the linear converter. The amplitude of the incident wave, the damping of the nonlinear wave energy converter and the nonlinear parameter [Formula: see text] affect the energy capture performance of the wave energy converter.

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Satriawan, Muhammad, and Rosmiati Rosmiati. "Simple Floating Ocean Wave Energy Converter: Developing Teaching Media to Communicating Alternative Energy." JPPS (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Sains) 12, no. 1 (November 27, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpps.v12n1.p1-13.

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Research aims to develop teaching media in communicating alternative energy to students who are in high school. The teaching media developed as a prototype converter of ocean wave energy into electrical energy. This Converter is focused on helping students understand concepts and technologies in utilizing ocean wave energy as an alternative energy source. The development stage adopted the ADDIE model, which is limited to the analysis, design, and development stages. The data obtained are in the form of design validation data, trial data, and product assessment data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Based on the results of data analysis, it is found that (1) the converter design is feasible to be developed with a few additions to the transmission section to produce higher RPM; (2) the resulting converter functions correctly with the output voltage of 5 to 9 volts in the artificial wave pool test and reaches 8 to 12 volts; (3) for product assessment, it was found that the Converter produced was suitable to be used as a teaching medium to communicate concepts and technology in utilizing ocean wave energy as an alternative energy source. So, teaching media in the form of a wave energy converter could be used as an alternative to communicating the concept of using ocean waves as an alternative energy source. The implication of this research is that it can be used as a model or initial example in developing learning media related to alternative energy and can even be used as a model in developing converters on a larger scale so that the wider community can use them.

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Aderinto, Tunde, and Hua Li. "Conceptual Design and Simulation of a Self-Adjustable Heaving Point Absorber Based Wave Energy Converter." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081997.

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Different concepts and methods have been proposed and developed by many researchers to harvest ocean wave energy. In this paper, a new self-adjustable wave energy converter concept is presented, which changes its inertia through ballasting and de-ballasting using sea water. The trigger of ballasting and de-ballasting is controlled by the critical wave period. Therefore, the self-adjustable wave energy converter is able to interact at resonance with the ocean waves at two different resonant bandwidths. Ten years real wave data with hourly resolution from a selected location in Gulf of Mexico was used in this paper to decide the critical wave period and other parameters of the wave energy converter. The annual energy performance of the self-adjustable wave energy converter was also estimated and compared with non-adjustable wave energy converter with similar dimensions. Structural analysis including both static and fatigue analysis was performed on the self-adjustable wave energy converter to determine its survivability with the real ocean wave data. The results show that the self-adjustable wave energy converter is able to capture more energy than non-adjustable wave energy converter, and is able to survive during the hash ocean wave conditions.

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Chitale, Kedar, Casey Fagley, Ali Mohtat, and Stefan Siegel. "Numerical Evaluation of Climate Scatter Performance of a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter." International Marine Energy Journal 5, no. 3 (December 19, 2022): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.315-326.

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Ocean waves offer an uninterrupted, rich resource of globally available renewable energy. However, because of their high cost and low power production, commercial wave energy converters are not operational at present. In this paper, we numerically evaluated the performance of a novel feedback-controlled lift-based cycloidal wave energy converter (CycWEC) at various sea states of the Humboldt Bay wave climate. The device comprised of two hydrofoils attached eccentrically to a shaft at a radius, submerged at a distance under the ocean surface. The pitch of the blades was feedback-controlled based on estimation of the incoming wave. The simulations were performed for regular waves and irregular waves approximated with a JONSWAP spectrum. Climate data from Humboldt Bay, CA was used to estimate the yearly power generation. The results underline the importance of a well-tuned control algorithm to maximize the annual energy production. The estimated annual energy production of the CycWEC was 3000MWh from regular wave simulations and 1800MWh from irregular wave simulations, showing that it can be a commercially viable means of electricity production from ocean waves.

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Mohtat, Ali, Casey Fagley, Kedar C. Chitale, and Stefan G. Siegel. "Efficiency analysis of the cycloidal wave energy convertor under real-time dynamic control using a 3D radiation model." International Marine Energy Journal 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.45-56.

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Ocean waves provide a vast, uninterrupted resource of renewable energy collocated around large coastal population centers. Clean energy from ocean waves can contribute to the local electrical grid without the need for long-term electrical storage, yet due to the current high cost of energy extraction from ocean waves, there is no commercial ocean wave farm in operation. One of the wave energy converter (WEC) device classes that show the potential to enable economic energy generation from ocean waves is the class of wave terminators. This work investigates the Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter (CycWEC), which is a one-sided, lift-based wave terminator operating with coupled hydrofoils. The energy that the CycWEC extracted from ocean waves was estimated using a control volume analysis model of the 3D wave field in the presence of the CycWEC. The CycWEC was operated under feedback control to extract the maximum amount of energy possible from the incoming waves, and the interaction with different incoming regular, irregular, and short crested waves was examined.

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Curto, Domenico, Vincenzo Franzitta, and Andrea Guercio. "Sea Wave Energy. A Review of the Current Technologies and Perspectives." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206604.

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The proposal of new technologies capable of producing electrical energy from renewable sources has driven research into seas and oceans. Research finds this field very promising in the future of renewable energies, especially in areas where there are specific climatic and morphological characteristics to exploit large amounts of energy from the sea. In general, this kind of energy is referred to as six energy resources: waves, tidal range, tidal current, ocean current, ocean thermal energy conversion, and saline gradient. This review has the aim to list several wave-energy converter power plants and to analyze their years of operation. In this way, a focus is created to understand how many wave-energy converter plants work on average and whether it is indeed an established technology.

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Darwish, Ahmed, and George A. Aggidis. "A Review on Power Electronic Topologies and Control for Wave Energy Converters." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 9174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239174.

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Ocean energy systems (OESs) convert the kinetic, potential, and thermal energy from oceans and seas to electricity. These systems are broadly classified into tidal, wave, thermal, and current marine systems. If fully utilized, the OESs can supply the planet with the required electricity demand as they are capable of generating approximately 2 TW of energy. The wave energy converter (WEC) systems capture the kinetic and potential energy in the waves using suitable mechanical energy capturers such as turbines and paddles. The energy density in the ocean waves is in the range of tens of kilowatts per square meter, which makes them a very attractive energy source due to the high predictability and low variability when compared with other renewable sources. Because the final objective of any renewable energy source (RES), including the WECs, is to produce electricity, the energy capturer of the WEC systems is coupled with an electrical generator, which is controlled then by power electronic converters to generate the electrical power and inject the output current into the utility AC grid. The power electronic converters used in other RESs such as photovoltaics and wind systems have been progressing significantly in the last decade, which improved the energy harvesting process, which can benefit the WECs. In this context, this paper reviews the main power converter architectures used in the present WEC systems to aid in the development of these systems and provide a useful background for researchers in this area.

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Nicola, Pozzi, Bracco Giovanni, Passione Biagio, Sirigu Sergej Antonello, Vissio Giacomo, Mattiazzo Giuliana, and Sannino Gianmaria. "Wave Tank Testing of a Pendulum Wave Energy Converter 1:12 Scale Model." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 02 (March 2017): 1750024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500247.

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Wave Energy is a widespread, reliable renewable energy source. The early study on Wave Energy dates back in the 70’s, with a particular effort in the last and present decade to make Wave Energy Converters (WECs) more profitable and predictable. The PeWEC (Pendulum Wave Energy Converter) is a pendulum-based WEC. The research activities described in the present work aim to develop a pendulum converter for the Mediterranean Sea, where waves are shorter, thus with a higher frequency compared to the ocean waves, a characteristic well agreeing with the PeWEC frequency response. The mechanical equations of the device are developed and coupled with the hydrodynamic Cummins equation. The work deals with the design and experimental tank test of a 1:12 scale prototype. The experimental data recorded during the testing campaign are used to validate the numerical model previously described. The numerical model proved to be in good agreement with the experiments.

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Salomon, Robert E. "Rocking buoy wave energy converter." Ocean Engineering 16, no. 3 (January 1989): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(89)90023-1.

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Jeans, T. L., C. Fagley, S. G. Siegel, and J. Seidel. "Irregular deep ocean wave energy attenuation using a cycloidal wave energy converter." International Journal of Marine Energy 1 (April 2013): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2013.06.001.

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Vella, Nicholas, Jamie Foley, James Sloat, Alexander Sandoval, Leonardo D’Attile, and Masoud Masoumi. "A Modular Wave Energy Converter for Observational and Navigational Buoys." Fluids 7, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7020088.

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More than 80% of the ocean is not fully mapped or even observed, even though it covers over 70% of our planet’s surface. One of the primary challenges for ocean observation and monitoring is the required power for exploration and monitoring systems, which often operate in remote areas of the ocean. This work addresses the design and development of an ocean wave energy converter that can be installed on observational buoys to provide enough power for sensors, cameras, data acquisition and recording, as well as data transfer units. The initial simulations of the prototype indicate that this system can produce up to 3.7–3.85 watts of power on average, with greater than 12 watts of maximum power in two selected sites in California and Hawaii. The proposed system is simple and low-cost. Further, multiple energy converters can be installed on one buoy to address higher power needs.

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Bergillos, Rafael J., Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado, James Allen, and Gregorio Iglesias. "Wave energy converter configuration in dual wave farms." Ocean Engineering 178 (April 2019): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.03.001.

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Prasetyowati, Ane, Wisnu Broto, and Noor Suryaningsih. "LINEAR GENERATOR PROTOTYPE WITH VERTICAL CONFIGURATION OF SEA WAVE POWER PLANT." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 6, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.063.05.

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There are three types of potential energy sources in the sea: ocean wave energy, tidal energy, and ocean heat energy. Ocean wave energy is a source of considerable energy. Sea waves are an up and down movement of seawater where the energy of sea waves is generated through the effect of air pressure movement due to fluctuations in ocean wave movements. The Ocean Wave Power Plant can use ocean wave energy to convert it into electrical energy. A linear generator is a device that can convert the mechanical energy of linear motion into electrical energy. The application of the ocean wave energy conversion technology, a linear generator system is an electrical machine that functions to convert the mechanical energy of linear motion into electrical energy using the principle of electromagnetic induction. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) technology has been developed with various methods. From the various existing concepts and designs, in general, WEC technology can be classified into three main types, namely Attenuator (horizontal configuration), Point Absorber (linear configuration), Terminator (damping configuration).

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Renzi, E. "Hydroelectromechanical modelling of a piezoelectric wave energy converter." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2195 (November 2016): 20160715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0715.

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We investigate the hydroelectromechanical-coupled dynamics of a piezoelectric wave energy converter. The converter is made of a flexible bimorph plate, clamped at its ends and forced to motion by incident ocean surface waves. The piezoceramic layers are connected in series and transform the elastic motion of the plate into useful electricity by means of the piezoelectric effect. By using a distributed-parameter analytical approach, we couple the linear piezoelectric constitutive equations for the plate with the potential-flow equations for the surface water waves. The resulting system of governing partial differential equations yields a new hydroelectromechanical dispersion relation, whose complex roots are determined with a numerical approach. The effect of the piezoelectric coupling in the hydroelastic domain generates a system of short- and long-crested weakly damped progressive waves travelling along the plate. We show that the short-crested flexural wave component gives a dominant contribution to the generated power. We determine the hydroelectromechanical resonant periods of the device, at which the power output is significant.

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Cheng, Chen, Jian Zhong Shang, Zi Rong Luo, Li Tang, and Xiao Ming Wang. "A Novel Heaving Buoy Wave Energy Converter." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1706.

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This paper brings forward a novel heaving buoy wave energy converter, which can be installed in underwater robots to supply control and circuit energy consumption during their navigation and executing other tasks. This converter can absorb wave energy on the ocean surface and transform it into electric energy for a DC generator is driven by wave energy. Then the structure and basic principle of wave energy transform methodology is presented. Finally, theoretical model of the converter’s kinetic and dynamic principle is deduced and an factual example is calculated.

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MacNicoll, Michael T., Krish P. Thiagarajan, and John Rohrer. "Modeling of the Efficiency of a Semisubmerged Ocean Wave Energy Converter." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.4.19.

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AbstractThe RTI G2 is a terminator-type wave energy converter (WEC) that converts energy through a power take-off (PTO) system located within an elongated, wave-front facing compressible air chamber. The compression and expansion of the chamber is driven by both kinetic and potential energy due to the surge and heave wave forces acting on an actuator plate oriented parallel to oncoming waves. The RTI G2 converter is mounted on a stabilizing frame, which may float or be fixed to the seabed and allows the air chamber to be totally submerged below wave troughs during severe seas. The present work examines the performance of the RTI G2 on a fixed frame. Model tests conducted on a 1:8 scale are reviewed, and a mathematical model to describe the performance of the RTI G2 is developed. The experimental results are used for calibration and validation of the mathematical model. Several orientation angles of the compression chamber are modeled, with higher orientation angles yielding better efficiencies at higher wave frequencies. The RTI G2 is a novel WEC concept, and the present work provides the first analytical investigation into its behavior.

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Foyhirun, Chutipat, Duangrudee Kositgittiwong, and Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit. "Wave Energy Potential and Simulation on the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093657.

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Ocean wave energy is an interesting renewable energy because it will never run out and can be available all the time. If the wave energy is to be used, then the feasibility study of localized wave potential has to be studied. This goal is to study the potential of waves in the Andaman Sea. The Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model was used to calculate the significant wave heights, which were validated with the measurement data of the Jason-2 satellite. The coastal area of Phuket and Phang Nga provinces are suitable locations for studying wave energy converters because they have high significant wave height. Moreover, this study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the simulation of wave behavior in accordance with wave parameters from the SWAN model. The wave height simulated from CFD was validated with linear wave theory. The results found that it was in good agreement with linear wave theory. It can be applied for a simulation of the wave energy converter.

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Elgammal, Adel, and Curtis Boodoo. "Optimal Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Linear Generator for Grid-Connected Wave Energy Conversion." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.2.2362.

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the key goal of this article is on the design and optimum sliding mode control for Grid-Connected direct drive extraction method of ocean wave energy by Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A Linear Permanent Magnet Generator simulates the ocean wave energy extraction system, driven by an Archimedes Wave Swing. Uncontrolled three-phase rectifiers, a three-level buck-boost converter and 3 level neutral point clamped inverter are planned grid integration of Wave Energy Conversion device. The technique monitors the three-level buck-boost converter service cycle linked to the PMLG output terminals and decides the optimum switching sequence of 3 level neutral point clamped inverter to enable the grid relation. Simulations using Matlab/Simulink were carried out to test working of the wave energy converter after the suggested optimal control method was applied under various operating settings. Various simulation test results indicate that the proposed optimum control system is tested in both normal and irregular ocean waves. And it has been shown that the control method of the MOPSO sliding mode is ideal for maximizing energy transfer efficiency. Better voltage management at the DC-link and for achieving greater controllability spectrum was accomplished by the proposed Duty-ratio optimal control system.

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Elgammal, Adel, and Curtis Boodoo. "Optimal Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Linear Generator for Grid-Connected Wave Energy Conversion." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.2.2362.

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the key goal of this article is on the design and optimum sliding mode control for Grid-Connected direct drive extraction method of ocean wave energy by Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A Linear Permanent Magnet Generator simulates the ocean wave energy extraction system, driven by an Archimedes Wave Swing. Uncontrolled three-phase rectifiers, a three-level buck-boost converter and 3 level neutral point clamped inverter are planned grid integration of Wave Energy Conversion device. The technique monitors the three-level buck-boost converter service cycle linked to the PMLG output terminals and decides the optimum switching sequence of 3 level neutral point clamped inverter to enable the grid relation. Simulations using Matlab/Simulink were carried out to test working of the wave energy converter after the suggested optimal control method was applied under various operating settings. Various simulation test results indicate that the proposed optimum control system is tested in both normal and irregular ocean waves. And it has been shown that the control method of the MOPSO sliding mode is ideal for maximizing energy transfer efficiency. Better voltage management at the DC-link and for achieving greater controllability spectrum was accomplished by the proposed Duty-ratio optimal control system.

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Jafari, Mohammad, Aliakbar Babajani, Parinaz Hafezisefat, Mojtaba Mirhosseini, Alireza Rezania, and Lasse Rosendahl. "Numerical simulation of a novel ocean wave energy converter." Energy Procedia 147 (August 2018): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.050.

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Ning, Dezhi, Xuanlie Zhao, Ming Zhao, and Haigui Kang. "Experimental investigation on hydrodynamic performance of a dual pontoon–power take-off type wave energy converter integrated with floating breakwaters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, no. 4 (October 7, 2018): 991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090218804677.

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As an extension of the single pontoon wave energy converter–type breakwater, a wave energy converter–type breakwater equipped with dual pontoon–power take-off system is proposed to broaden the effective frequency range (for transmission coefficient KT < 0.5 and capture width ratio η > 20%). The wave energy converter–type breakwater with dual pontoon–power take-off system consists of a pair of heave-type pontoons and power take-off systems for which the power take-off system is installed to harvest the kinetic energy of heave motion of the pontoon. In this paper, we experimentally confirm the advantage of the wave energy converter–type breakwater with dual pontoon–power take-off system over the one with a single pontoon–power take-off system. Both wave energy converter–type breakwater with dual pontoon–power take-off system and that with single pontoon–power take-off system are tested in regular waves. A (electronic) current controller–magnetic powder brake system is used to simulate the power take-off system. The characteristics of power take-off system are investigated and results showed that the power take-off system can simulate the (approximate) Coulomb damping force well. Experimental results reveal that the wave energy converter–type breakwater with dual pontoon–power take-off system broadens the effective frequency range compared with the single pontoon–power take-off system with the same pontoon volume (i.e. the displacement of the pontoon). Specifically, the transmission coefficient of the system is smaller while the system in relative longer waves. Furthermore, the capture width ratio of system can be improved.

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Zheng, Xiong Bo, and Yu Nong Yang. "Research on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Wave Energy Converter." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.956.

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Under the pressure of fossil energy shortage, rational exploitation of ocean wave energy is propitious to establish an environmentally friendly society. This paper presents the results of a practical research done in a test tank, on the hydrodynamic performance of a wave energy converter with swing arms and floaters designed purposely. Fixed on a trailer, the converter was composed of two floaters, two swing arms, mechanical transmission devices and generators. The method of this research was to measure the floater’s acceleration and the output voltages of the generator under the movement of waves, analysis the influence of wave height and period on floaters’ movement, then compute the wave energy conversion efficiency. At last, the research findings show that the converter performed well with heaving motion performance and high energy conversion efficiency.

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Amini, Erfan, Danial Golbaz, Fereidoun Amini, Meysam Majidi Nezhad, Mehdi Neshat, and Davide Astiaso Garcia. "A Parametric Study of Wave Energy Converter Layouts in Real Wave Models." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 6095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226095.

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Ocean wave energy is a broadly accessible renewable energy source; however, it is not fully developed. Further studies on wave energy converter (WEC) technologies are required in order to achieve more commercial developments. In this study, four CETO6 spherical WEC arrangements have been investigated, in which a fully submerged spherical converter is modelled. The numerical model is applied using linear potential theory, frequency-domain analysis, and irregular wave scenario. We investigate a parametric study of the distance influence between WECs and the effect of rotation regarding significant wave direction in each arrangement compared to the pre-defined layout. Moreover, we perform a numerical landscape analysis using a grid search technique to validate the best-found power output of the layout in real wave models of four locations on the southern Australian coast. The results specify the prominent role of the distance between WECs, along with the relative angle of the layout to dominant wave direction, in harnessing more power from the waves. Furthermore, it is observed that a rise in the number of WECs contributed to an increase in the optimum distance between converters. Consequently, the maximum exploited power from each buoy array has been found, indicating the optimum values of the distance between buoys in different real wave scenarios and the relative angle of the designed layout with respect to the dominant in-site wave direction.

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Jouanne, Annette von, Terry Lettenmaier, Ean Amon, Ted Brekken, and Reo Phillips. "A Novel Ocean Sentinel Instrumentation Buoy for Wave Energy Testing." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.1.4.

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AbstractThis paper presents a novel Ocean Sentinel instrumentation buoy that the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) has developed with AXYS Technologies for the testing of wave energy converters (WECs). NNMREC is a Department of Energy-sponsored partnership among Oregon State University (OSU), the University of Washington (UW), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The Ocean Sentinel instrumentation buoy is a surface buoy based on the 6-m NOMAD (Navy Oceanographic Meteorological Automatic Device) design. The Ocean Sentinel provides power analysis, data acquisition, and environmental monitoring, as well as an active converter interface to control power dissipation to an onboard electrical load. The WEC being tested and the instrumentation buoy are moored with approximately 125 meters separation; connected by a power and communication umbilical cable. The Ocean Sentinel was completed in 2012 and was deployed for the testing of a WEC at the NNMREC open-ocean test site, north of Newport, OR, during August and September of 2012.

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Kumar, Prashant, Devesh Singh, Akshoy Ranjan Paul, and Abdus Samad. "Design of a point absorber wave energy converter for an indian coast." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012076.

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Abstract Ocean waves are considered as a potential unharnessed renewable resource being 800 times denser than wind. India has a wide coastal area of nearly 7500 km, providing a huge potential for harnessing ocean wave energy. The article aims to present the parametric optimization of a point absorber wave energy converter (PAWEC) for a location near Ennore port of India. Indian offshore condition such as significant wave height, period, and amplitude was reviewed for their minimum, maximum, and average values for several years. Hydrodynamic coefficients such as Froude-Krylov force, radiation damping, added mass, diffraction, excitation and response amplitude operator are optimized through geometric optimization of PAWEC’s float. In hydrodynamic response analysis, only heaving motion is considered and all motion is neglected for the study. Regular wave is only considered for this study. Output parameters such as structure velocity and structure response are studied for the mentioned geometry. Power-take-off (PTO) device is simulated for maximum efficiency and the float velocity response is observed. Monthly variation in the mean absorbed power and efficiency of Point absorber is calculated with respect to ocean power.

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Cross, Patrick, and Krishnakumar Rajagopalan. "Wave Energy Converter Deployments at the Navy's Wave Energy Test Site: 2015‐2019." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.8.

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AbstractA synopsis of wave energy converter (WEC) deployments at the U.S. Navy's Wave Energy Test Site (WETS), from the mid-2015 commissioning of the full three-berth site through 2019, is provided. This includes two deployments each of the Northwest Energy Innovations (NWEI) Azura device and the Fred. Olsen Ltd. BOLT Lifesaver, each with important modifications between deployments. The Azura was modified with a larger float and a heave plate, aimed at enhancing power performance, while the Lifesaver's second deployment addressed mooring challenges encountered in the first. Additionally, unique integration and deployment of a sophisticated environmental sensing system developed by the University of Washington, in which required power was drawn from the WEC itself, was achieved during this second Lifesaver deployment. A brief background of the site is included, as is a synopsis of two major efforts not directly related to WEC deployments—the development of a site-dedicated support vessel and work to redesign and make repairs to the WETS deep berth mooring systems, including the addition of a “no-WEC hawser” system to keep the moorings in tension between WEC deployments. Finally, a look ahead to WEC deployments planned in 2021‐2023 is provided.

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Zhou, Xiang, Ossama Abdelkhalik, and Wayne Weaver. "Power Take-Off and Energy Storage System Static Modeling and Sizing for Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter to Support Ocean Sensing Applications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070513.

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This paper addresses the sizing and design problem of a permanent magnet electrical machine power take-off system for a two-body wave energy converter, which is designed to support ocean sensing applications with sustained power. The design is based upon ground truth ocean data bi-spectrums (swell and wind waves) from Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory in the year 2015. According to the ground truth ocean data, the paper presents the optimal harvesting power time series of the whole year. The electrical machine and energy storage static modeling are introduced in the paper. The paper uses the ground truth ocean data in March to discuss the model integration of the buoy dynamic model, the power take-off model, and the energy storage model. Electrical machine operation constraints are applied to ensure the designed machine can fulfill the buoy control requirements. The electrical machine and energy storage systems operation status is presented as well. Furthermore, rule-based control strategies are applied to the electrical machine for fulfilling specific design demands, such as improving power generating efficiency and downsizing the electrical machine scale. The corresponding required capacities of the energy storage system are discussed. This paper relates results to the wave data sets (different combinations of significant wave heights and periods of both swell and wind waves). In this way, the power take-off system rule-based control strategy determinations can rely on current ocean wave measurements instead of a large historical ocean wave database.

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El-Shalakany, H., J. S. Artal-Sevil, V. Ballestín-Bernad, and J. A. Domínguez-Navarro. "Ocean Wave Energy Converters: Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation. Some case studies." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.435.

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Wave energy has much more potential and benefits than other forms of renewable energy. It is more predictable, consistent, and controllable than wind or solar energy. In this way, an adequate infrastructure can be an alternative and also sustainable system for power supply. In this paper, different wave energy conversion mechanisms (buoys, Pelamis, and oysters) have been described. These models are implemented and simulated using the Design Modeller, ANSYS-AQWA, and WEC-SIM applications. The purpose has been to develop a complete simulation of the wave energy converter and discuss its operation. The analysis has been developed in Matlab-Simulink and both regular and irregular waves have been considered. For this, an approximation to the linear waves theory has been used. The results obtained indicate the energy absorbed from the sea waves and also the energy supplied to the power grid. The simulation results estimated with the different WEC models are comparable to the results shown by other research papers.

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Zabihi, Milad, Said Mazaheri, Masoud Montazeri Namin, and Ahmad Rezaee Mazyak. "Irregular wave interaction with an offshore OWC wave energy converter." Ocean Engineering 222 (February 2021): 108619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108619.

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Sarkar, Soumyendu, Vineet Gundecha, Alexander Shmakov, Sahand Ghorbanpour, Ashwin Ramesh Babu, Paolo Faraboschi, Mathieu Cocho, Alexandre Pichard, and Jonathan Fievez. "Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Controller to Maximize Energy Efficiency for Multi-Generator Industrial Wave Energy Converter." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21473.

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Waves in the oceans are one of the most significant renewable energy sources and are an excellent resource to tackle climate challenges through decarbonizing energy generation. Lowering the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for energy generation from ocean waves is critical for competitiveness with other forms of clean energy like wind and solar. It requires complex controllers to maximize efficiency for state-of-the-art multi-generator industrial Wave Energy Converters (WEC), which optimizes the reactive forces of the generators on multiple legs of WEC. This paper introduces Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning controller (MARL) architectures that can handle these various objectives for LCOE. MARL can help increase energy capture efficiency to boost revenue, reduce structural stress to limit maintenance cost, and adaptively and proactively protect the wave energy converter from catastrophic weather events preserving investments and lowering effective capital cost. These architectures include 2-agent and 3-agent MARL implementing proximal policy optimization (PPO) with various optimizations to help sustain the training convergence in the complex hyperplane without falling off the cliff. Also, the design for trust assures the operation of WEC within a safe zone of mechanical compliance. As a part of this design, reward shaping for multiple objectives of energy capture and penalty for harmful motions minimizes stress and lowers the cost of maintenance. We achieved double-digit gains in energy capture efficiency across the waves of different principal frequencies over the baseline Spring Damper controller with the proposed MARL controllers.

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Demonte Gonzalez, Tania, Gordon G. Parker, Enrico Anderlini, and Wayne W. Weaver. "Sliding Mode Control of a Nonlinear Wave Energy Converter Model." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090951.

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The most accurate wave energy converter models for heaving point absorbers include nonlinearities, which increase as resonance is achieved to maximize the energy capture. Over the power production spectrum and within the physical limits of the devices, the efficiency of wave energy converters can be enhanced by employing a control scheme that accounts for these nonlinearities. This paper proposes a sliding mode control for a heaving point absorber that includes the nonlinear effects of the dynamic and static Froude-Krylov forces. The sliding mode controller tracks a reference velocity that matches the phase of the excitation force to ensure higher energy absorption. This control algorithm is tested in regular linear waves and is compared to a complex-conjugate control and a nonlinear variation of the complex-conjugate control. The results show that the sliding mode control successfully tracks the reference and keeps the device displacement bounded while absorbing more energy than the other control strategies. Furthermore, due to the robustness of the control law, it can also accommodate disturbances and uncertainties in the dynamic model of the wave energy converter.

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Paasch, Robert, Kelley Ruehl, Justin Hovland, and Stephen Meicke. "Wave energy: a Pacific perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1959 (January 28, 2012): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0225.

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This paper illustrates the status of wave energy development in Pacific rim countries by characterizing the available resource and introducing the region's current and potential future leaders in wave energy converter development. It also describes the existing licensing and permitting process as well as potential environmental concerns. Capabilities of Pacific Ocean testing facilities are described in addition to the region's vision of the future of wave energy.

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Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan, and Harender. "Power Generation Using Mechanical Wave Energy Converter." International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems 3, no. 1 (March 2012): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1759-3131.3.1.57.

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Ocean wave energy plays a significant role in meeting the growing demand of electric power. Economic, environmental, and technical advantages of wave energy set it apart from other renewable energy resources. Present study describes a newly proposed Mechanical Wave Energy Converter (MEWC) that is employed to harness heave motion of floating buoy to generate power. Focus is on the conceptual development of the device, illustrating details of component level analysis. Employed methodology has many advantages such as i) simple and easy fabrication; ii) easy to control the operations during rough weather; and iii) low failure rate during normal sea conditions. Experimental investigations carried out on the scaled model of MWEC show better performance and its capability to generate power at higher efficiency in regular wave fields. Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) shows rare failure rates for all components except the floating buoy.

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Singh, Devesh, Anoop Singh, Akshoy Ranjan Paul, and Abdus Samad. "Design and simulation of point absorber wave energy converter." E3S Web of Conferences 321 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132103003.

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The paper aims to design and simulation of a wave energy harvesting system commonly known as point absorber for Ennore port located in the coastal area of Chennai, India. The geographical condition of India, which is surrounded by the three sides with seas and ocean, has enormous opportunity for power production through wave energy harvesting system. The wave energy converter device is a two-body floating system and its both parts are connected by power take-off unit which acts as spring mass damper system. In this paper, the hydrodynamic diffraction, stability analysis, frequency, and time response analysis is carried out on ansys-aqwa. The numerical results are compared with the results obtained from the similar experiments for validation of CFD solver. Effects of the properties featuring wave characteristics including wave height and wave period of Ennore port on the energy conversion, Froude-Krylov and diffraction force, response amplitude operator (RAO) are studied. Based on the study, float diameter, draft, geometry, and varying damping coefficient for power generation are optimized. Finally, the optimally designed point absorber is simulated as per Indian ocean energy harvesting standard and mass of the system, heave dimension, diffraction forces, and pressure variations are computed.

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Bacelli, Giorgio, Steven J. Spencer, David C. Patterson, and Ryan G. Coe. "Wave tank and bench-top control testing of a wave energy converter." Applied Ocean Research 86 (May 2019): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2018.09.009.

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Mirshafiee, Fatemehsadat, Emad Shahbazi, Mohadeseh Safi, and Rituraj Rituraj. "Predicting Power and Hydrogen Generation of a Renewable Energy Converter Utilizing Data-Driven Methods: A Sustainable Smart Grid Case Study." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010502.

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This study proposes a data-driven methodology for modeling power and hydrogen generation of a sustainable energy converter. The wave and hydrogen production at different wave heights and wind speeds are predicted. Furthermore, this research emphasizes and encourages the possibility of extracting hydrogen from ocean waves. By using the extracted data from the FLOW-3D software simulation and the experimental data from the special test in the ocean, the comparison analysis of two data-driven learning methods is conducted. The results show that the amount of hydrogen production is proportional to the amount of generated electrical power. The reliability of the proposed renewable energy converter is further discussed as a sustainable smart grid application.

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Gomes, Mateus das Neves, Eduardo Alves Amado, Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos, Liércio André Isoldi, and Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha. "Numerical Analysis of the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Considering Different Incident Wave Height." Defect and Diffusion Forum 370 (January 2017): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.370.120.

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The ocean wave energy conversion into electricity has been increasingly researched in the last years. There are several proposed converters, among them the Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device has been widely studied. The present paper presents a two-dimensional numerical investigation about the fluid dynamics behavior of an OWC Wave Energy Converter (WEC) into electrical energy. The main goal of this work was to numerically analyze the optimized geometric shape obtained in previous work under incident waves with different heights. To do so, the OWC geometric shape was kept constant while the incident wave height was varied. For the numerical solution it was used the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) commercial code FLUENT®, based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The multiphasic Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was applied to tackle with the water-air interaction. The computational domain is represented by the OWC device coupled with the wave tank. This work allowed to check the influence of the incident wave height on the hydropneumatic power and the amplification factor of the OWC converter. It was possible to identify that the amplification factor increases as the wave period increases, thereby improving the OWC performance. It is worth to highlight that in the real phenomenon the incident waves on the OWC device have periods, lengths and height variables.

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40

Chen, Xiulong, and Deyu Jiang. "Design, kinematics, and statics of a novel wave energy converter with parallel mechanism." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 172988141987621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419876214.

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In order to design an ocean wave energy generator robot, a novel wave energy converter with parallel mechanism is designed and analyzed. A creative thinking that parallel mechanism can be applied to the wave energy converter is presented and verified during the wave energy using process. The design principles of the wave energy converter are given according to wave motion characteristics. Based on the principles, a novel wave energy converter with 4UPS/UP parallel mechanism is designed, which includes the design of the parallel mechanism, hydraulic cylinders, oil circuit, and converter integration. Then the kinematics model and statics model of the wave energy converter with 4UPS/UP parallel mechanism are derived by MATLAB and ADAMS; with these two methods, we found that the errors of rod length, velocity, and acceleration were 1.13 mm, 0.04 mm/s, and 0.38 mm/s2, respectively. Maximum stress error and maximum constraint moment errors were 1.52 N and 0.57 N·mm. So the correctness of the models is verified. This article can not only provide a reference for other types of parallel mechanisms applied to the wave energy converter, but also provide a theoretical foundation for the experimental prototype and practical application of the wave energy converter.

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41

Orazov, B., O. M. O’Reilly, and Ö. Savaş. "On the dynamics of a novel ocean wave energy converter." Journal of Sound and Vibration 329, no. 24 (November 2010): 5058–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.07.007.

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42

Lai, Wenbin, Yonghe Xie, and Detang Li. "Numerical Study on the Optimization of Hydrodynamic Performance of Oscillating Buoy Wave Energy Converter." Polish Maritime Research 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2021-0005.

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Abstract The oscillating buoy wave energy converter (OBWEC) captures wave energy through the undulating movement of the buoy in the waves. In the process of capturing wave energy, the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy plays an important role. This paper designed the “Haida No. 1” OBWEC, in which the buoy adopts a form of swinging motion. In order to further improve the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy, a 2D numerical wave tank (NWT) model is established using ADINA software based on the working principle of the device. According to the motion equation of the buoy in the waves, the influence of the buoy shape, arm length, tilt angle, buoy draft, buoy width, wave height and Power Take-off (PTO) damping on the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy is studied. Finally, a series of physical experiments are performed on the device in a laboratory pool. The experimental results verify the consistency of the numerical results. The research results indicate that the energy conversion efficiency of the device can be improved by optimizing the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy. However, the absorption efficiency of a single buoy for wave energy is limited, so it is very difficult to achieve full absorption of wave energy.

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Zhang, Wanchao, Hengxu Liu, Xuewei Zhang, Liang Zhang, and Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf. "Optimal Configurations of Wave Energy Converter Arrays with a Floating Body." Polish Maritime Research 23, s1 (October 1, 2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0048.

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Abstract An array of floating point-absorbing wave energy converters (WECs) is usually employed for extracting efficiently ocean wave energy. For deep water environment, it is more feasible and convenient to connect the absorbers array with a floating body, such as a semi-submersible bottom-moored disk, whose function is to act as the virtual seabed. In the present work, an array of identical floating symmetrically distributed cylinders in a coaxial moored disk as a wave energy device is proposed The power take-off (PTO) system in the wave energy device is assumed to be composed of a linear/nonlinear damper activated by the buoys heaving motion. Hydrodynamic analysis of the examined floating system is implemented in frequency domain. Hydrodynamic interferences between the oscillating bodies are accounted for in the corresponding coupled equations. The array layouts under the constraint of the disk, incidence wave directions, separating distance between the absorbers and the PTO damping are considered to optimize this kind of WECs. Numerical results with regular waves are presented and discussed for the axisymmetric system utilizing heave mode with these interaction factors, in terms of a specific numbers of cylinders and expected power production.

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Meng, Zhongliang, Yanjun Liu, Jian Qin, and Yun Chen. "Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Verification of a New Wave Energy Converter." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010177.

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As traditional energy sources are increasingly depleting, ocean energy has become an emergent potential clean energy source. Wave energy, as an important part of ocean-derived energy, has been studied and utilized by coastal countries worldwide, which have developed various wave energy converters. In this paper, a new wave energy converter is designed, and water movement in fluid channels is analyzed. The results are, then, used to generate a mathematical model that simulates water movement. Based on this approach, the water movement state is analyzed, and a formula for calculating the natural frequency of water movement in the power generator is derived. The formula shows that the characteristic length of the water movement in the proposed generator and the backboard tilt angle at the exit point of the fluid channel are two design-related variables that can be used to alter the natural frequency; a regular wave experiment is conducted based on the fluid model, which is designed based on the natural frequency formula, to verify the changes in model torque and speed as well as whether the model can operate under normal wave conditions. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the design of further experiments and engineering prototypes to verify the validity of mathematical models by way of experimental analysis.

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Choupin, O., A. Têtu, and F. Ferri. "Wave energy converter power and capture width classification." Ocean Engineering 260 (September 2022): 111749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111749.

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Muchtar, Masjono, Salama Manjang, Dadang A. Suriamiharja, and M. Arsyad Thaha. "Kinerja Model Fisik Konverter Energi Ombak Rangkaian Gear Searah pada Periode Ombak yang Bervariasi." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 22, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v22i2.12871.

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To date there were few research on the effect of non-linearity properties of the ocean waves on the performance of wave energy converter (WEC), which uses a series of unidirectional gear. One such parameter is the variation of wave period. The influence of wave period variations on the performance of physical model of the wave energy converters have been investigated at the Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Hasanuddin University Indonesia. This WEC physical model was fabricated and assembled at Politeknik ATI Makassar Indonesia. The investigation steps consists of physical model development, physical model investigation at wave flume prior to the wave period variation, measuring input output parameters of the physical model under test and empirical model formulation based on observed data analysis. Physical model test carried out on the wave flume at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Department of Civil Hasanuddin University, at a water depth of 25 cm, wave height between 5-9 cm and wave period between 1.2 - 2.2 seconds. Investigation result based on flywheel radial speed (RPM) and torque (Nm) indicated that calculated harvested power was inversely proportional with the wave period. The longer the period of the waves, the energy produced is getting smaller. The derived empirical formula was y = -85.598x + 208.53 and R² = 0.8881. Y is energy produced (Watt) and X is the wave period (Second). Formulations generated from this study could be used as a reference for future research in dealing with wave period variations on a design one way gear wave energy converter as a source of renewable energy.

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Josset, C., A. Babarit, and A. H. Clément. "A wave-to-wire model of the SEAREV wave energy converter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 221, no. 2 (May 25, 2007): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14750902jeme48.

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Garcia-Rosa, Paula B., Jose Paulo Vilela Soares Cunha, Fernando Lizarralde, Segen F. Estefen, Isaac R. Machado, and Edson H. Watanabe. "Wave-to-Wire Model and Energy Storage Analysis of an Ocean Wave Energy Hyperbaric Converter." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 39, no. 2 (April 2014): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2013.2260916.

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Zhang, W. C., H. X. Liu, X. W. Zhang, and L. Zhang. "Semi-Analytical Solution of Optimization on Moon-Pool Shaped WEC." Polish Maritime Research 23, s1 (October 1, 2016): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0042.

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Abstract In order to effectively extract and maximize the energy from ocean waves, a new kind of oscillating-body WEC (wave energy converter) with moon pool has been put forward. The main emphasis in this paper is placed on inserting the damping into the equation of heaving motion applied for a complex wave energy converter and expressions for velocity potential added mass, damping coefficients associated with exciting forces were derived by using eigenfunction expansion matching method. By using surface-wave hydrodynamics, the exact theoretical conditions were solved to allow the maximum energy to be absorbed from regular waves. To optimize the ability of the wave energy conversion, oscillating system models under different radius-ratios are calculated and comparatively analyzed. Numerical calculations indicated that the capture width reaches the maximum in the vicinity of the natural frequency and the new kind of oscillating-body WEC has a positive ability of wave energy conversion.

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Zhou, Yu, Dezhi Ning, Dongfang Liang, and Dongsheng Qiao. "Nonlinear wave loads on an offshore oscillating-water-column wave energy converter array." Applied Ocean Research 118 (January 2022): 103003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2021.103003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean wave energy converter'

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