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1
Ibáñez, Christian M., Roger D. Sepúlveda, Patricio Ulloa, Friedemann Keyl, and M. Cecilia Pardo-Gandarillas. "The biology and ecology of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (Cephalopoda) in Chilean waters: a review." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 43, no. 3 (May 25, 2016): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol43-issue3-fulltext-2.
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The jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas is the most abundant cephalopod species in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, which supports the biggest cephalopod fishery in the world. Due to its growing economic importance, the population growth and distributional expansion of this squid is being increasingly studied. Nevertheless, some basic features of the biology of D. gigas are still unknown or have been poorly investigated. In this review we summarize the known information regarding the biology and ecology of this species in the southeastern Pacific Ocean; we focus on the Chilean region in order to propose hypotheses and research lines for a better understanding the life history of this organism. Available data on the size structure, reproduction and genetics of D. gigas allows us to propose hypotheses related to the squid’s life history traits. Based on the current literature and publications of colleagues, we propose two hypotheses regarding the effect of spatial variation on the life history of D. gigas. Hypothesis 1: Squids mature at large sizes and spawn in oceanic waters with warm temperatures where paralarvae and juveniles develop. Immature squids migrate near shore to feed, grow and mature, and then return to the offshore sites to spawn. Hypothesis 2: Alternatively, juvenile D. gigas in the oceanic zone do not migrate to coastal waters and mature at small sizes compared to individuals living near the coast that mature at larger size and migrate to oceanic waters to spawn. We provide background information about the feeding behavior and parasitism of this species, suggesting that D. gigas is an important trophic link in the southeastern Pacific marine ecosystem. However, more studies on the feeding habits, reproduction and parasite load are needed not only to test hypotheses proposed in this study, but also to advance the overall knowledge of this species.
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Miller, Michael J., Jeff Dubosc, Elodie Vourey, Katsumi Tsukamoto, and Valerie Allain. "Low occurrence rates of ubiquitously present leptocephalus larvae in the stomach contents of predatory fish." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 5 (March 4, 2015): 1359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv034.
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Abstract Leptocephali, the larvae of eels, grow to large sizes and are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical oceans. Their role in oceanic food webs is poorly known because they are rarely reported as food items in fish stomach content studies. Data from 13 years of research on the trophic dynamics of Pacific Ocean predatory fish indicate that among 8746 fish of 76 species/taxa (33 families) that had been feeding, only 16 fish of 6 species had remains of 34 leptocephali in their stomachs. Only 0.013% of the 256 308 total prey items were leptocephalus larvae, and 0.03% of the total prey items were juvenile or adult eels (mostly snipe eels: Nemichthyidae). There were 10 fish of 2 species of lancetfish (Alepisaurus spp., n = 152), 2 rainbow runners (Elagatis bipinnulata, n = 222), and 2 yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares, n = 3103) that had leptocephali in their stomach contents, but all except one T. albacares (contained 15 leptocephali) had each eaten ≤3 leptocephali. A swallower, Pseudoscopelus sp., and a frigate tuna, Auxis thazard, had eaten single leptocephali. Twenty-eight bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, had eaten 76 juvenile/adult nemichthyid or serrivomerid eels. A literature survey found that only 15 out of 75 examined publications listed leptocephali in the stomach contents of a total of 6 species out of ∼ 42 300 predatory fish of 40 species. The transparency of leptocephali and their apparent mimicry of gelatinous zooplankton could contribute to lower rates of predation. Their soft bodies likely digest rapidly, so although this study and existing literature indicate that leptocephali sometimes contribute to predatory fish diets, particularly for fish that do not exclude gelatinous prey types, and fish with low digestion rates in their stomachs such as lancetfish, their levels of contribution to fish diets and the impacts of predators on eel recruitment remain uncertain.
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García Monserrat, Francisco Javier. "Empleo de recursos léxicos con valor intensificador en la literatura juvenil contemporánea: análisis del discurso de los personajes femeninos de Laura Gallego." Revista Internacional de Culturas y Literaturas, no. 27 (2024): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ricl2024.i27.16.
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Este artículo pretende poner en relieve la relación existente entre el discurso de las mujeres y los estereotipos de género que tradicionalmente han imperado en nuestra sociedad, así como la manera en la que estos pueden manifestarse en un intercambio comunicativo. Las diferencias en los procesos de interacción social entre personas de distinto género, el análisis de los mecanismos lingüísticos utilizados por cada uno de los géneros, y el efecto que su utilización puede producir en el contrario, nos proporcionarán las bases necesarias para establecer el nivel de estereotipos existente en una obra de Literatura Juvenil contemporánea. Para ello, se ha decidido estudiar los efectos de la cortesía en los actos de habla directivos entre los personajes de las obras de la autora Laura Gallego, centrándonos especialmente en el empleo de los mecanismos lingüísticos de intensificación.
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Gómez Rodríguez, Jhonatan Fabián. "La lectura literaria como experiencia en niños hospitalizados del pabellón de oncología del Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS)." Rastros Rostros 22, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2382-4921.2020.01.05.
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En el presente artículo se comparten los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo central fue promover experiencias de lectura, a través de literatura infantil y juvenil, en niños/as-pacientes hospitalizados en el Servicio de Pediatría (sección oncología) del Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS). Metodológicamente, esta investigación se sustentó en los estudios de caso (Páramo, 2013) y la investigación-acción (Elliot, 1996), a través de técnicas e instrumentos como la observación participativa, la entrevista semiestructurada de tipo de contacto alto y cuestionarios de tipo personal. Por otro lado, teóricamente, este trabajo se fundamentó a partir de: a) los aportes sobre la experiencia de la lectura, su mediación y las teorías acerca de la literatura infantil y juvenil (LIJ), b) la pedagogía hospitalaria y c) la biblioterapia.
Entre los resultados más relevantes, se destaca la importancia de la lectura en contextos hospitalarios infantiles no sólo como actividad de ocio/uso del tiempo libre, sino también como una forma de apoyo psicoemocional para los niños/as-pacientes en condiciones de vulnerabilidad, al observar cambios emocionales significativos en los participantes antes, durante y después de cada sesión de lectura. De igual forma, se subraya el rol sustancial de las figuras paternas/maternas como acompañantes de los niños/as-pacientes durante el proceso lector. Por último, se revelan las temáticas y los libros infantiles que tuvieron más aceptación en los pacientes participantes, el porqué de esta aceptación y cómo dichas temáticas/libros contribuyeron a mejorar la experiencia hospitalaria de enfermedad y convalecencia en el aspecto psicoemocional de los pacientes.
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Zięba, Jan. "„A pisać, to znaczy przecież żyć?”. O literaturze w cieniu zagłady albo Lem wśród poetów (Leśmian, Różewicz, Baczyński, Lipska)." Konteksty Kultury 20, no. 4 (2023): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23531991kk.23.035.18838.
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“To Write Means to Live?” On Literature in the Shadow of Holocaust, or Lem amongst the Poets (Leśmian, Różewicz, Baczyński, Lipska) The article undertakes the attempt to describe Stanisław Lem’s views on the topic of the nature of poetry, literature and creative process. The process of this artistic auto-reflexion takes course in the shadow of the Holocaust and amidst the literary confrontation with poets of three generations that took place throughout the first few post-war decades. Crucial proves to be the confrontation with the contemporaries (in the context of reviews dedicated to Baczyński and Rożewicz from 1947 and 1948), which allows us to formulate two alternative models of literature and to declare oneself in favour of one of the sides. The memory of Holocaust, as well as post-war reading of Bolesław Leśmian’s and Ewa Lipska’s poetry results in changes to the juvenile aesthetic declarations. Unchanged however, remains the vitalist element already highlighted in 1945 in the Lem’s letter to Marian Hemar: “to write is to live”.
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Sibarani, Fauzi Anshari, and Erwin Asmadi. "Harmonizing Law Enforcement Officials Against Child Victims of Narcotics Abuse." JUSTISI 10, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/js.v10i2.2834.
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Law No. 35/2009 on Narcotics explains that drug abuse is considered a crime without victims. In handling children who are involved in drug cases, the main principle that must be considered is the best interest of the child. This principle is contained in the Juvenile Justice System Law, which emphasizes that every decision must consider the welfare of the child's life and development. The legal protection of children caught up in drug abuse causes the boundaries between perpetrators and victims to become blurred, because according to the law, drug abuse is considered a criminal offense. Therefore, the legal establishment of both the Police, the Prosecutor's Office and the Judiciary needs harmonization so that the application to children who abuse drugs can be put forward, so that children can be given legal certainty in terms of justice. This study is to analyze the harmony of legal confirmation on children as victims of drug abuse. The method used is normative juridical research with a focus on literature study which uses secondary data. The conclusion of the research is that children as victims of narcotics abusers must be given sanctions in the form of rehabilitation, not imposed criminal sanctions because what children do is a crime but without causing victims (crime without victim), harmonization of law enforcement agencies (APH) in cases of children becoming victims of drug abusers must be aligned for the welfare of children. Keywords: Law Enforcement Officers, Child Victims, Narcotics Abusers.
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Serighelli, Marco André, and Ana Beatriz Fritzen. "VIOLÊNCIA INFANTIL E DIREITOS DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE NO CONTEXTO DAS PRODUÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS BRASILEIRAS (2011 a 2021)." Gavagai - Revista Interdisciplinar de Humanidades 9, no. 2 (March 22, 2023): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36661/2358-0666.2022v9n2.13177.
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O trabalho se propôs analisar as produções cientificas que discutissem acerca do fenômeno da violência contra crianças e adolescentes, bem como seus direitos. Desta forma, entendemos que assim como a violência é construída socialmente, ela pode ser também "desconstruída". A pesquisa se valeu de revisão de literatura e levantamento de produções constantes na base de dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO Brasil, operando com descritores violência infantil, infanto-juvenil e direitos da criança e do adolescente. Nos estudos evidenciamos que muitas vezes a violência está presente dentro da família, a qual deveria ser a base principal para as experiências de vida nesta etapa, porém, em muitos casos as crianças não conhecem seus direitos e, pelo medo não informam os responsáveis – quando estes não são os agressores –, levando as situações a certa ‘normalidade’. Os trabalhos nos mostraram que, em muitos casos as crianças não conhecem seus direitos e, pelo medo não informam os responsáveis – quando estes não são os agressores –, levando as situações a certa ‘normalidade’. Por fim, propomos uma reflexão no sentido de que: leis não faltam, o que precisa é a sensibilidade da família, da sociedade e do Estado para fazer valer o direito do vulnerável; planejamento orçamentário por parte do governo para investir em políticas públicas que ajudem na efetividade da lei.
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Dauvin, Jean-Claude. "Overview of Predation by Birds, Cephalopods, Fish and Marine Mammals on Marine Benthic Amphipods." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2024): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030403.
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With about 8000 marine benthic species, the amphipod crustaceans form one of the richest animal groups of the worldwide Ocean. They have colonized a wide range of soft- and hard-bottom natural and artificial habitats extending from the intertidal to hadal zones. Moreover, they show a broad size spectrum, with numerous giant species exceeding 20 cm in length and some species smaller than 2 mm. When biofouling artificial hard surfaces, some tube-building species can form very dense populations comprising up to 100,000 individuals per square meter. Amphipods are important prey for fish and mammals. Along with cephalopod juveniles, they are also included in the trophic diet of shorebirds that consume amphipods mostly during the low tide on tidal flats. They display diel migration, which reinforces the predation by demersal fish in the suprabenthic zone just above the sea bed, as well as by pelagic fish in the water column. Despite their importance in terms of biodiversity and trophic transfer, no general overview is available on the role of benthic amphipods in marine ecosystem food webs. Various methods, including laboratory and field experiments, as well as the analysis of stomach contents and DNA extraction, have been used to identify the prey/predator trophic links. Based on an extensive literature review, this study discusses the role of marine benthic amphipods as potential food for higher trophic levels in natural and artificial hard-bottom communities created via the construction of offshore wind farms.
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Chaplinska, Iuliia, and Polina Kabanova. "Risks of cybersocialization: Present and the near future." SCIENTIFIC STUDIOS ON SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 50, no. 47 (July 3, 2021): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.61727/sssppj/1.2021.160.
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There are identified the current and the possible future psychological risks that are based on the transition of modern digital technologies from the field of scientific development to everyday life. The main tasks of the study were: qualitative analysis of scientific and popular science literature by Ukrainian and foreign authors and the author’s vision of the most relevant risks of cybersocialization and prediction of the risks that humanity may face in the near future. There are presented eighteen risks that are embodied both at the individual level (or small group level) and in the global world, namely: (1) impoverishment of the emotional sphere of human, (2) excessed confidence in new technologies, (3) reduced cognitive function, (4) psychological dependence on technology, (5) health threats, and blocking of physical development, (6) cyborgization of the human body, (7) destruction of social relations, and separation of people from each other, (8) reorientation of emotional attachments, (9) distortion of ideas about sexual life, (10) distortion of ideas about human beauty, (11) imposition of «fake life» phenomenon, (12) cybercrime dissemination, (13) destruction of reputation, (14) ousting people from their jobs, and replacing them with robots, (15) destroying the social structure of society, (16) intensification of the state information dictatorship, (17) parasociality, and simularization of political actors, (18) threat to human life by robots, and artificial intelligence. The authors clarify that each year the global technology market produces new products which can improve human life and make it more complicated at the same time, creating a new round of psychological risks. Therefore, the descriptions of the risks presented in this paper may become irrelevant in a few years. The results of the study can be used for educational work with juveniles in school or family circles; in the development of practical classes or training sessions on media literacy; as well as for the preparation of lectures for students in media-, and cyberpsychology. The limitations in the form that the presented risks are the most problematic only at this stage of social development or those that may create real problems in the near future. The further perspectives are in the detailed study of psychological aspects of interaction at the «human-robot» level: people’s attitude to cyborgization of their own body, analysis of risks associated with the robotization of society at the level of media images created by the film industry, coverage of current phenomenon of sex robots
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Koenig, Christopher, Felicia Coleman, and James V. Locascio. "Estimates of Western Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus Itajara) Bycatch Mortality in Commercial Fisheries of the Southeastern United States From 2002 to 2022." Qeios, April 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32388/rwef3z.2.
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The Atlantic Goliath Grouper (_Epinephelus itajara_) in the southeastern United States is in decline due to increasingly large and persistent red tides, loss of juvenile habitat, and severe cold-weather events. In this paper, we address another source of mortality -- bycatch, focusing on data from NOAA Fisheries logbooks for commercial fisheries operating between 2002 to 2022. We calculate capture related mortality based on known patterns of depth-related barotrauma drawn from the literature and assume that all fish captured at depths greater than 30 m died if unvented prior to release. The overall result suggests that 75% (14,124 of 18,770) of Goliath Grouper captures died from barotrauma, as they either hemorrhaged or were unable to return to the bottom because of increased buoyancy due to expanded gas trapped in the swim bladder. While fishers currently use self-reporting to document these mortalities, this approach often results in biases toward lower capture and a higher survival rate. Thus, we strongly urge the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to quit using logbook data and instead require that fishers use paid observers and remote electronic monitoring on all commercial and charter vessels to ensure more effective, timely and reliable bycatch data for this and other protected species.
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Robinson, Nathan J., and Joseph B. Pfaller. "Sea Turtle Epibiosis: Global Patterns and Knowledge Gaps." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10 (March 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.844021.
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Competition for space drives many marine propagules to colonize the external surfaces of other marine organisms, a phenomenon known as epibiosis. Epibiosis appears to be a universal phenomenon among sea turtles and an extensive body of scientific literature exists describing sea turtle-epibiont interactions. When viewed in isolation, however, these epibiont “species lists” provide limited insights into the factors driving patterns in taxonomic diversity on a global scale. We conducted an exhaustive literature review to collate information on sea turtle-epibiont interactions into a global database. As studies involving meio- and micro-epibionts, as well as plants, are limited, we exclusively focused on animal, macro-epibionts (>1 mm). We identified 304 studies that included a combined total of 1,717 sea turtle-epibiont interactions involving 374 unique epibiont taxa from 23 Higher Taxon categories (full Phylum or select phyla differentiated by Subphylum/Class/Subclass). We found that loggerhead turtles hosted the highest taxonomic richness (262 epibiont taxa) and diversity, including representative taxa from 21 Higher Taxon categories, followed by hawksbill, green, olive ridley, leatherback, Kemp’s ridley, and flatback turtles. In addition, the taxonomic richness for all turtle species except leatherbacks was projected to increase with additional studies. We found that taxonomic richness not only varies between species but also between well-studied populations of loggerhead turtles. Lastly, we assessed biases in the current literature and identified knowledge gaps for certain species (e.g., Kemp’s ridleys and flatbacks), life stages (e.g., juveniles), habitats (e.g., oceanic habitats), and geographic regions (e.g., central Pacific, east Atlantic, and east Indian oceans). Our hope is that this database will serve as a foundational platform for future studies investigating global patterns of the diversity, ecological function, and evolutionary origins of sea turtle epibiosis.
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Murillo, Josephine. "Examination of Relationships Among Sexual Exploitation, Sex, and Aces Among Youth in The Legal System." TCU McNair Scholars Research Journal, no. 2023 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.18776/tcu/mcnair/2023/61387.
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The purpose of the current study is to examine how many youths in the juvenile justice system in the same experience sexual exploitation compared to the rest of the youth in the juvenile justice system and what difference can be seen in ACEs scores by sex. Literature shows that exposure to trauma at a young age can lead to mental health problems as well as further abuse, both substance and sexual. Without proper treatment, the victims will transition into adulthood without adequate support. Healthcare professionals as well as advocates need to use trauma-informed care to help treat the whole child. The sample was drawn from the Leveraging Safe Adults (LeSA) study, a study focused on preventing opioid use among justice-involved youth and included 95 youth from 11 secure residential facilities. At the start of the study, all participants completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) questionnaire as part of the baseline assessment. Results from both t-test and chi-square analyses indicated that females who had experienced sexual exploitation has higher ACEs compared to the rest of the sample. All four hypotheses were supported. This is important to note because it shows how many youth are affected by trauma and exploitation and can inform ways to intervene.
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Bruno, Daphne de Albuquerque, Isabel Q. Willmer, Lucia Helena S. de S. Pereira, Rafael C. C. Rocha, Tatiana D. Saint’Pierre, Paula Baldassin, Ana Carolina S. Scarelli, et al. "Metal and Metalloid Contamination in Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Found Stranded in Southeastern Brazil." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (March 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.608253.
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Sea turtles tend to accumulate high metal levels in their tissues and are considered excellent pollution bioindicators. Studies concerning metal contamination in hatchlings, however, are non-existent for one of the most abundant species in Brazil, green sea turtles, while several other metal assessments in juvenile muscles are still scarce. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the concentrations of 12 elements in kidney and muscle samples from green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas; n = 24) found stranded in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Elemental concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The presence of fibropapillomatosis, an increasingly common disease in sea turtles which has been associated to metal contamination, was also evaluated. Most elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were significantly higher in liver, while Al and As were significantly higher in muscle tissue, indicating bioaccumulation of the latter two elements. No differences between juvenile male and female green turtles were observed for either liver or kidney concerning the investigated elements. Literature comparisons of studies conducted in other areas throughout the Brazilian coast indicate higher concentrations of Cd, Mn, As, Hg, and Zn in kidneys, of probable anthropogenic origin. Several statistically significant inter-elemental correlations were observed between toxic elements, indicating similar sources for these environmental contaminants. Significant correlations between Hg in muscle and kidney and As in the same organs suggest bioaccumulation of both elements in muscle. Three individuals assessed herein exhibited fibropapillomatosis, and further assessments in this regard and potential correlations to the detected metal concentrations are currently being carried out. In addition, evaluations concerning other toxic compounds, as well as deleterious cellular effects, are also underway, since total metal concentrations do not reflect total elemental bioavailability.
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Lai, Yu-Ming, Ping-Ping Liu, Sun-Lin Chung, Azman A. Ghani, Hao-Yang Lee, Long Xiang Quek, Shan Li, et al. "Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic compositions of igneous rocks from Sumatra: implications for the Cenozoic magmatic evolution of the western Sunda Arc." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 537, no. 1 (January 5, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp537-2022-199.
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Abstract Sumatra is located at the western end of the Sunda Arc, which resulted from the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. In this study, we report detailed zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope data for Cenozoic igneous rocks from the entire island of Sumatra to better constrain the temporal and spatial distribution of arc magmatism. The new dataset, combined with literature information, identifies the following two magmatic stages: (1) Palaeocene to Early Eocene (66-48 Ma) and (2) Early Miocene to Recent (23-0 Ma), with a 25-my-long period of magmatic quiescence in between. The magmatic zircons show predominantly positive and high ε Hf ( t ) values, ranging from +19.4 to +7.1 in western Sumatra, +17.1 to +1.6 in central Sumatra and +18.0 to +7.0 in eastern Sumatra, indicating an isotopically juvenile magma source in the mantle wedge along the western Sunda Arc. We explain the negative and low ε Hf ( t ) values (+0.5 to −13.1) of young samples around the supervolcano Toba as evidence for the subduction of sediment. We argue for a change in the subduction processes, where the first magmatic stage ceased owing to the termination of the Neo-Tethyan subduction and the following stage corresponded to the modern Sunda subduction. Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6366009
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Humnekar, Akhilesh, and Prakash Chandra kala. "A CASE REPORT BILATERAL GIGANTOMASTIA WITH CONGENITAL GUM HYPERTROPHY IN 12 YEAR- OLD - GIRL." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, August 15, 2023, 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/2705779.
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Introduction A benign disorder known as juvenile gigantomastia causes disproportionately large breasts for a child's age, either unilaterally or bilaterally, during puberty. There are a number of hypotheses that have been put forth, but the exact cause of gigantomastia is still unknown. The imbalance in endogenous hormone production is included in the widely accepted notion. When gigantomastia develops in adolescence, it causes a miserable condition, Physical and psychological issues result from it. physical issues including shoulder and back pain. Poorly tting clothing, a bad body image, and difculty exercising are secondary social issues. Here, we describe the case of a 12- year-old girl who underwent bilateral breast reduction surgery after being diagnosed with bilateral giagntomastia and congenital gum hypertrophy. Report of the case In this case report, we provide a novel observation in a 12-year-old oid-giri with congenital gum hypertrophy and juvenile gigantomastia (rapid and exaggerated growth in breast size during puberty in a year, with consequent skin ulcerations). She had a BMI of 20.6 kg/m2. No auxiliary lymphadenopathy was present. Prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and serum estradiol levels were all within normal ranges. The results of the medical genetic study did not link to any syndrome. The breast's radiological imaging revealed nothing neoplastic-looking. Debulking of the gums was planned, and a reduction mammoplasty was performed. No recurrence has been documented following a follow-up of 4 months. We conducted a thorough literature search but were unable to locate any cases that were similar. Discussion In the unusual occurrence of gigantomasatia, breast development continues until adolescence. There are a number of theories that have been put up, but the precise underlying aetiology for gigantism has not yet been fully understood. The following techniques were used in the treatment of gignastomastia: (1) Surgical management, (2) preoperative or postoperative medical therapy, (3) postoperative medical therapy alone, and (4) medical therapy. Conclusion Adolescents readily accept reduction mammoplasty for gigantism, which can lead to better physical and psychological consequences. Since congenital gum hypertrophy and gigantism have only sometimes been discussed in the literature, this case will add to our understanding and aid future research into the best way to treat this crippling condition.
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Szymkowiak, Marysia, and Melissa Rhodes-Reese. "Adaptive Behaviors to Marine Ecosystem Shifts: Examining Fishermen’s Strategies in Response to Abundant Juvenile Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in Alaska." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.602281.
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Over recent years there have been rapid changes occurring across marine ecosystems worldwide, with high latitude systems seeing ecosystem shifts emerging at unprecedented rates. The Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea marine ecosystems have experienced substantial fluctuation in fish stocks, with some species experiencing considerable decreases while others thrive. Following the marine heatwave of 2014, sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) had a historically unparalleled juvenile recruitment class that is now dominating the stock composition. While this recruitment class bodes well for future fisheries, it is currently undermining the value of the fishery with limited incentives to retain the smaller and less valuable fish, compounding adverse effects on earnings in the fishery due to whale depredation that has been occurring for years. This study examines the well-being implications of fishermen’s adaptive strategies to these ecosystem conditions within the Alaska sablefish fishery using a socio-ecological system framework, operationalized as a qualitative network model (QNMs) and quantitative indicators. We examine the extent to which adaptation strategies, derived from a literature review and stakeholder interviews, are being utilized in the fishery with quantitative indicators. These strategies are then examined with QNMs that explore their impacts across the spectrum of well-being. By coupling quantitative indicators and QNMs, we were able to demonstrate how adaptive strategies can be examined to capture the multi-faceted well-being effects of fisheries participants’ adaptations to changing conditions. This study directly addresses several of the key guiding principles of the U.S. EBFM Road Map, including advancing our understanding of ecosystem processes, exploring trade-offs within an ecosystem, and maintaining resilient ecosystems, inclusive of community well-being. Thus this paper demonstrates how coupled socio-ecological models can elevate the inclusion of human adaptive behaviors, providing a framework for the development of policymaking that can mitigate adverse effects on both the participants and the resource by facilitating the mixture of adaptive strategies that maximizes desired well-being outcomes.
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Szymkowiak, Marysia, and Melissa Rhodes-Reese. "Adaptive Behaviors to Marine Ecosystem Shifts: Examining Fishermen’s Strategies in Response to Abundant Juvenile Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in Alaska." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.602281.
Full textAbstract:
Over recent years there have been rapid changes occurring across marine ecosystems worldwide, with high latitude systems seeing ecosystem shifts emerging at unprecedented rates. The Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea marine ecosystems have experienced substantial fluctuation in fish stocks, with some species experiencing considerable decreases while others thrive. Following the marine heatwave of 2014, sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) had a historically unparalleled juvenile recruitment class that is now dominating the stock composition. While this recruitment class bodes well for future fisheries, it is currently undermining the value of the fishery with limited incentives to retain the smaller and less valuable fish, compounding adverse effects on earnings in the fishery due to whale depredation that has been occurring for years. This study examines the well-being implications of fishermen’s adaptive strategies to these ecosystem conditions within the Alaska sablefish fishery using a socio-ecological system framework, operationalized as a qualitative network model (QNMs) and quantitative indicators. We examine the extent to which adaptation strategies, derived from a literature review and stakeholder interviews, are being utilized in the fishery with quantitative indicators. These strategies are then examined with QNMs that explore their impacts across the spectrum of well-being. By coupling quantitative indicators and QNMs, we were able to demonstrate how adaptive strategies can be examined to capture the multi-faceted well-being effects of fisheries participants’ adaptations to changing conditions. This study directly addresses several of the key guiding principles of the U.S. EBFM Road Map, including advancing our understanding of ecosystem processes, exploring trade-offs within an ecosystem, and maintaining resilient ecosystems, inclusive of community well-being. Thus this paper demonstrates how coupled socio-ecological models can elevate the inclusion of human adaptive behaviors, providing a framework for the development of policymaking that can mitigate adverse effects on both the participants and the resource by facilitating the mixture of adaptive strategies that maximizes desired well-being outcomes.
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García-Rodríguez, Emiliano, Sharon Z. Herzka, Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki, Christopher G. Lowe, and John B. O’Sullivan. "Stable Isotope Analysis of Juvenile White Sharks Inside a Nursery Area Reveals Foraging in Demersal-Inshore Habitats and Trophic Overlap With Sympatric Sharks." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (August 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.687738.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge about top predators’ trophic ecology is crucial for defining their role in ecosystems, understanding habitat preferences, characterizing life stage-specific feeding habits, and evaluating their interaction with fisheries. In the northeastern Pacific, white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) occupy coastal habitats during the early life stages, including Bahía Sebastián Vizcaíno (BSV) in Mexico, which is a known nursery area. Although BSV presumably provides high prey abundance, the trophic ecology of immature white sharks is poorly understood. Carbon and nitrogen bulk stable isotope analyses (SIA) were used to explore the trophic relationship of early life stages with their potential prey and to infer dietary overlap with sympatric sharks, while SIA of amino acids were used to estimate trophic position. Muscle samples from young white sharks and inshore demersal prey commonly found in their stomach contents were sampled. Demersal prey and literature-derived isotope ratios for pelagic and offshore species were incorporated into mixing models with a Bayesian framework to estimate their contribution to white shark tissues. Nearshore demersal prey had the highest contribution for all life stages (between 35 and 47%), consistent with previous reports based on gut content analysis. The contribution of pelagic (between 26 and 37%) and offshore (between 14 and 32%) prey was smaller and suggests potential periodic changes in foraging grounds and the presence of a maternal-derived isotopic signature. A high contribution of demersal prey indicates a high level of interaction with local fisheries that target those species and catch white sharks incidentally and is consistent with immature shark movement patterns. Isotope ratios of two sympatric sharks, smooth hammerhead Sphyrna zygaena and copper sharks Carcharhinus brachyurus, were used to estimate the overlap in isotopic niche space. Immature white sharks had the smallest isotopic niche, while the highest was for copper sharks. Overlap was greatest between white sharks and hammerheads (∼45%), while overlap with copper sharks was limited (<20%), suggesting less potential for competition. Trophic position estimates were similar to those previously reported for the species. These results highlight the importance of coastal demersal prey heavily targeted by local fisheries for the diet of young white sharks and support the importance of BSV as a nursery habitat.