Academic literature on the topic 'Oceanic mixing – Data processing'

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Journal articles on the topic "Oceanic mixing – Data processing"

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Kurekin, Andrey A., Peter E. Land, and Peter I. Miller. "Internal Waves at the UK Continental Shelf: Automatic Mapping Using the ENVISAT ASAR Sensor." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2020): 2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152476.

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Oceanic internal waves occur within stratified water along the boundary between water layers of different density and are generated when strong tidal currents flow over seabed topography. Their amplitude can exceed 50 m and they transport energy over long distances and cause vertical mixing when the waves break. This study presents the first fully automated methodology for the mapping of internal waves using satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and applies this to explore their spatial and temporal distribution within UK shelf seas. The new algorithm includes enhanced edge detection and spatial processing to target the appearance of these features on satellite images. We acquired and processed over 7000 ENVISAT ASAR scenes covering the UK continental shelf between 2006 and 2012, to automatically generate detailed maps of internal waves. Monthly and annual internal wave climatology maps of the continental shelf were produced showing spatial and temporal variability, which can be used to predict where internal waves have the most impact on the seabed environment and ecology in UK shelf seas. These observations revealed correlations between the temporal patterns of internal waves and the seasons when the continental shelf waters were more stratified. The maps were validated using well-known seabed topographic features. Concentrations of internal waves were automatically identified at Wyville-Thomson Ridge in June 2008, at the continental shelf break to the east of Rosemary Bank in January 2010 and in the Faroe-Shetland Channel in June 2011. This new automated methodology has been shown to be robust for mapping internal waves using a large SAR dataset and is recommended for studies in other regions worldwide and for SAR data acquired by other sensors.
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Derstroff, Bettina, Imke Hüser, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, John N. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Sergey Gromov, Hartwig Harder, et al. "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in photochemically aged air from the eastern and western Mediterranean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 15 (August 9, 2017): 9547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9547-2017.

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Abstract. During the summertime CYPHEX campaign (CYprus PHotochemical EXperiment 2014) in the eastern Mediterranean, multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured from a 650 m hilltop site in western Cyprus (34° 57′ N/32° 23′ E). Periodic shifts in the northerly Etesian winds resulted in the site being alternately impacted by photochemically processed emissions from western (Spain, France, Italy) and eastern (Turkey, Greece) Europe. Furthermore, the site was situated within the residual layer/free troposphere during some nights which were characterized by high ozone and low relative humidity levels. In this study we examine the temporal variation of VOCs at the site. The sparse Mediterranean scrub vegetation generated diel cycles in the reactive biogenic hydrocarbon isoprene, from very low values at night to a diurnal median level of 80–100 pptv. In contrast, the oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) methanol and acetone exhibited weak diel cycles and were approximately an order of magnitude higher in mixing ratio (ca. 2.5–3 ppbv median level by day, range: ca. 1–8 ppbv) than the locally emitted isoprene and aromatic compounds such as benzene and toluene. Acetic acid was present at mixing ratios between 0.05 and 4 ppbv with a median level of ca. 1.2 ppbv during the daytime. When data points directly affected by the residual layer/free troposphere were excluded, the acid followed a pronounced diel cycle, which was influenced by various local effects including photochemical production and loss, direct emission, dry deposition and scavenging from advecting air in fog banks. The Lagrangian model FLEXPART was used to determine transport patterns and photochemical processing times (between 12 h and several days) of air masses originating from eastern and western Europe. Ozone and many OVOC levels were ∼ 20 and ∼ 30–60 % higher, respectively, in air arriving from the east. Using the FLEXPART calculated transport time, the contribution of photochemical processing, sea surface contact and dilution was estimated. Methanol and acetone decreased with residence time in the marine boundary layer (MBL) with loss rate constants of 0.74 and 0.53 day−1 from eastern Europe and 0.70 and 0.34 day−1 from western Europe, respectively. Simulations using the EMAC model underestimate these loss rates. The missing sink in the calculation is most probably an oceanic uptake enhanced by microbial consumption of methanol and acetone, although the temporal and spatial variability in the source strength on the continents might play a role as well. Correlations between acetone and methanol were weaker in western air masses (r2 = 0.68), but were stronger in air masses measured after the shorter transport time from the east (r2 = 0.73).
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Paredi, Davide, Tommaso Lucchini, Gianluca D’Errico, Angelo Onorati, Lyle Pickett, and Joshua Lacey. "Validation of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics methodology to predict the direct injection process of gasoline sprays using Spray G experimental data." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419868020.

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A detailed prediction of injection and air–fuel mixing is fundamental in modern direct injection, spark-ignition engines to guarantee a stable and efficient combustion process and to minimize pollutant formation. Within this context, computational fluid dynamics simulations nowadays represent a powerful tool to understand the in-cylinder evolution of spray and air–fuel charge. To guarantee the accuracy of the adopted multidimensional spray sub-models, it is mandatory to validate the computed results against available experimental data under well-defined operating conditions. To this end, in this work, the authors proposed the calibration and validation of a comprehensive set of spray sub-models by means of the simulation of the Spray G experiment, available in the context of the engine combustion network. For a suitable validation of the proposed numerical setup in addition to the baseline condition, gasoline direct injection operating points typical of early injection with homogeneous operation, late injection with high ambient density and flash boiling with enhanced fuel evaporation were also simulated. Numerical computations were validated against a wide set of available experimental data by means of an accurate post-processing analysis taking into account axial liquid and vapor penetrations, gas-phase velocity between spray plumes, droplet size, plume liquid velocity, direction and mass distribution. Satisfactory results were achieved with the proposed setup, which is able to predict gasoline spray evolution under different operating conditions.
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Ding, Yongsheng, Hua Han, and Fengming Liu. "Intelligent integrated data processing model for oceanic warning system." Knowledge-Based Systems 23, no. 1 (February 2010): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2009.07.003.

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Fu, Hongli, Jinkun Yang, Wei Li, Xinrong Wu, Guijun Han, Yuanfu Xie, Shaoqing Zhang, Xuefeng Zhang, Yingzhi Cao, and Xiaoshuang Zhang. "A Potential Density Gradient Dependent Analysis Scheme for Ocean Multiscale Data Assimilation." Advances in Meteorology 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9315601.

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This study addresses how to maintain oceanic mixing along potential density surface in ocean data assimilation (ODA). It is well known that the oceanic mixing across the potential density surface is much weaker than that along the potential density surface. However, traditional ODA schemes allow the mixing across the potential density surface and thus may result in extra assimilation errors. Here, a new ODA scheme that uses potential density gradient information of the model background to rescale observational adjustment is designed to improve the quality of assimilation. The new scheme has been tested using a regional ocean model within a multiscale 3-dimensional variational framework. Results show that the new scheme effectively prevents the excessive unphysical projection of observational information in the direction across potential density surface and thus improves assimilation quality greatly. Forecast experiments also show that the new scheme significantly improves the model forecast skills through providing more dynamically consistent initial conditions
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Tziperman, Eli. "Calculating the Time-Mean Oceanic General Circulation and Mixing Coefficients from Hydrographic Data." Journal of Physical Oceanography 18, no. 3 (March 1988): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<0519:cttmog>2.0.co;2.

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Subramanian, A. C., A. J. Miller, B. D. Cornuelle, E. Di Lorenzo, R. A. Weller, and F. Straneo. "A data assimilative perspective of oceanic mesoscale eddy evolution during VOCALS-REx." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 8 (August 20, 2012): 20901–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-20901-2012.

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Abstract. Oceanic observations collected during the VOCALS-REx cruise time period, 1–30 November 2008, are assimilated into a regional ocean model (ROMS) using 4DVAR and then analyzed for their dynamics. Nonlinearities in the system prevent a complete 30-day fit, so two 15-day fits for 1–15 November and 16–30 November are executed using the available observations of hydrographic temperature and salinity, along with satellite fields of SST and sea-level height anomaly. The fits converge and reduce the cost function significantly, and the results indicated that ROMS is able to successfully reproduce both large-scale and smaller-scale features of the flows observed during the 76° W, 19° S. The ROMS fits capture this eddy as an isolated rotating 3-D vortex with a strong subsurface signature in velocity, temperature and anomalously low salinity. The eddy has an average temperature anomaly of approximately −0.5 °C over a depth range from 50–600 m and features a cold anomaly of approximately −1 °C near 150 m depth. The eddy moves northwestward and elongates during the second 15-day fit. It exhibits a strong signature in the Okubo-Weiss parameter, which indicates significant nonlinearity in its evolution. The heat balance for the period of the cruise from the ocean state estimate reveals that the horizontal advection and the vertical mixing processes are the dominant terms that balance the temperature tendency of the upper layer of the ocean locally in time and space. Areal averages, however, around the eddies and around the cruise tracks, suggest that vertical mixing processes generally balance the surface heating, indicating only a small role for lateral advective processes in this region.
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Kantha, Lakshmi, and Hubert Luce. "Mixing Coefficient in Stably Stratified Flows." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 11 (November 2018): 2649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0139.1.

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AbstractTurbulent mixing in the interior of the oceans is not as well understood as mixing in the oceanic boundary layers. Mixing in the generally stably stratified interior is primarily, although not exclusively, due to intermittent shear instabilities. Part of the energy extracted by the Reynolds stresses acting on the mean shear is expended in increasing the potential energy of the fluid column through a buoyancy flux, while most of it is dissipated. The mixing coefficient χm, the ratio of the buoyancy flux to the dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy ε, is an important parameter, since knowledge of χm enables turbulent diffusivities to be inferred. Theory indicates that χm must be a function of the gradient Richardson number. Yet, oceanic studies suggest that a value of around 0.2 for χm gives turbulent diffusivities that are in good agreement with those inferred from tracer studies. Studies by scientists working with atmospheric radars tend to reinforce these findings but are seldom referenced in oceanographic literature. The goal of this paper is to bring together oceanographic, atmospheric, and laboratory observations related to χm and to report on the values deduced from in situ data collected in the lower troposphere by unmanned aerial vehicles, equipped with turbulence sensors and flown in the vicinity of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere (MU) radar in Japan. These observations are consistent with past studies in the oceans, in that a value of around 0.16 for χm yields good agreement between ε derived from turbulent temperature fluctuations using this value and ε obtained directly from turbulence velocity fluctuations.
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Blacic, T. M., and W. S. Holbrook. "First images and orientation of internal waves from a 3-D seismic oceanography data set." Ocean Science Discussions 6, no. 3 (October 20, 2009): 2341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-2341-2009.

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Abstract. We present 3-D images of ocean finestructure from a unique industry-collected 3-D multichannel seismic dataset from the Gulf of Mexico that includes expendable bathythermograpgh casts for both swaths. 2-D processing reveals strong laterally continuous reflectors throughout the upper ~800 m as well as a few weaker but still distinct reflectors as deep as ~1100 m. Two bright reflections are traced across the 225-m-wide swath to produce reflector surface images that show the 3-D structure of internal waves. We show that the orientation of internal wave crests can be obtained by calculating the orientations of contours of reflector relief. Preliminary 3-D processing further illustrates the potential of 3-D seismic data in interpreting images of oceanic features such as internal wave strains. This work demonstrates the viability of imaging oceanic finestructure in 3-D and shows that, beyond simply providing a way to see what oceanic finestructure looks like, quantitative information such as the spatial orientation of features like internal waves and solitons can be obtained from 3-D seismic images. We expect complete, optimized 3-D processing to improve both the signal to noise ratio and spatial resolution of our images resulting in increased options for analysis and interpretation.
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Barth, M. F., R. B. Chadwick, and D. W. van de Kamp. "Data processing algorithms used by NOAA's wind profiler demonstration network." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 6 (May 31, 1994): 518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0518-1.

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Abstract. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Wind Profiler Demonstration Network consists of 32 wind profiling radars, based primarily in the central United States. The network is being used to determine the operational feasibility and characteristics of a possible future nationwide profiler network. Data processing is performed both at the individual profiler sites and at a central hub processing system. This paper documents the algorithms used at the profilers to produce profiles of the moments of the velocity spectrum every 6 minutes, as well as those used on the hub to produce quality-controlled hourly winds.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oceanic mixing – Data processing"

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Yates, James William. "Mixing Staged Data Flow and Stream Computing Techniques in Modern Telemetry Data Acquisition/Processing Architectures." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608707.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Today’s flight test processing systems must handle many more complex data formats than just the PCM and analog FM data streams of yesterday. Many flight test programs, and their respective test facilities, are looking to leverage their computing assets across multiple customers and programs. Typically, these complex programs require the ability to handle video, packet, and avionics bus data in real time, in addition to handling the more traditional PCM format. Current and future telemetry processing systems must have an architecture that will support the acquisition and processing of these varied data streams. This paper describes various architectural designs of both staged data flow and stream computing architectures, including current and future implementations. Processor types, bus design, and the effects of varying data types, including PCM, video, and packet telemetry, will be discussed.
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Herrmann, Felix J., Deli Wang, Gilles Hennenfent, and Peyman P. Moghaddam. "Seismic data processing with curvelets: a multiscale and nonlinear approach." Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/557.

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In this abstract, we present a nonlinear curvelet-based sparsity promoting formulation of a seismic processing flow, consisting of the following steps: seismic data regularization and the restoration of migration amplitudes. We show that the curvelet’s wavefront detection capability and invariance under the migration-demigration operator lead to a formulation that is stable under noise and missing data.
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Horowitz, Michael (Michael Joshua) 1962. "Western South Atlantic holocene and glacial deepwater hydrography derived from benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and stable carbon isotope data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69183.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 16-21).
Today, deep waters produced in the North Atlantic are exported through the western South Atlantic. Antarctic intermediate water (AAIW) also enters the Atlantic in this region. Circumpolar deep water (CDW) fills the depths below AAIW and above and below northern source waters. A depth transect of cores from 1567-3909 m water depth in the western South Atlantic are ideally located to monitor inter-ocean exchange of deep water, and variations in the relative strength of northern versus southern source water production. Last glacial maximum (LGM) Cd/Ca and 813C data indicate a nutrient-depleted intermediate-depth water mass. In the mid-depth western South Atlantic, a simple conversion of LGM 813C data suggests significantly less nutrient enrichment than LGM Cd/Ca ratios, but Cd/Ca and 613C data can be reconciled when plotted in CdW/ 13C space. Paired LGM Cd/Ca and S13C data from mid-depth cores suggest increasingly nutrient rich waters below 2000 m, but do not require an increase in Southern Ocean water contribution relative to today. Cd/Ca data suggest no glacial-interglacial change in the hydrography of the deepest waters of the region. To maintain relatively low Cd/Ca ratios (low nutrients) in the deepest western South Atlantic waters, and in CDW in general, during the LGM requires an increased supply of nutrient-depleted glacial North Atlantic intermediate water (GNAIW) and/or nutrient-depleted glacial Subantarctic surface waters to CDW to balance reduced NADW contribution to CDW. LGM Cd/Ca and 513C data suggest strong GNAIW influence in the western South Atlantic which in turn implies export of GNAIW from the Atlantic, and entrainment of GNAIW into the Antarctic Circumpolar current.
by Michael Horowitz.
S.M.
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Siepka, Damian. "Development of multidimensional spectral data processing procedures for analysis of composition and mixing state of aerosol particles by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10188/document.

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Les méthodologies de traitement de données multidimensionnelles peuvent considérablement améliorer la connaissance des échantillons. Les techniques spectroscopiques permettent l’analyse moléculaire avancée d’échantillons variés et complexes. La combinaison des techniques spectroscopiques aux méthodes de chimiométrie trouve des applications dans de nombreux domaines. Les particules atmosphériques affectent la qualité de l’air, la santé humaine, les écosystèmes et jouent un rôle important dans le processus de changement climatique. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de développer des outils de chimiométrie, simples d’utilisation, permettant de traiter un grand nombre de données spectrales provenant de l’analyse d’échantillons complexes par microspectrométrie Raman (RMS) et spectroscopie d’absorption IRTF. Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé une méthodologie combinant les méthodes de résolution de courbes et d’analyse multivariée afin de déterminer la composition chimique d’échantillons de particules analysées par RMS. Cette méthode appliquée à l’analyse de particules collectées dans les mines en Bolivie, a ouvert une nouvelle voie de description des échantillons. Dans un second temps, nous avons conçu un logiciel facilement accessible pour le traitement des données IRTF et Raman. Ce logiciel inclue plusieurs algorithmes de prétraitement ainsi que les méthodes d’analyse multivariées adaptées à la spectroscopie vibrationnelle. Il a été appliqué avec succès pour le traitement de données spectrales enregistrées pour divers échantillons (particules de mines de charbon, particules biogéniques, pigments organiques)
Sufficiently adjusted, multivariate data processing methods and procedures can significantly improve the process for obtaining knowledge of a sample composition. Spectroscopic techniques have capabilities for fast analysis of various samples and were developed for research and industrial purposes. It creates a great possibility for advanced molecular analysis of complex samples, such as atmospheric aerosols. Airborne particles affect air quality, human health, ecosystem condition and play an important role in the Earth’s climate system. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. On an analytical level, the functional algorithm for evaluation of quantitative composition of atmospheric particles from measurements of individual particles by Raman microspectrocopy (RMS) was established. On a constructive level, the readily accessible analytical system for Raman and FTIR data processing was developed. A potential of a single particle analysis by RMS has been exploited by an application of the designed analytical algorithm based on a combination between a multicurve resolution and a multivariate data treatment for an efficient description of chemical mixing of aerosol particles. The algorithm was applied to the particles collected in a copper mine in Bolivia and provides a new way of a sample description. The new user-friendly software, which includes pre-treatment algorithms and several easy-to access, common multivariate data treatments, is equipped with a graphical interface. The created software was applied to some challenging aspects of a pattern recognition in the scope of Raman and FTIR spectroscopy for coal mine particles, biogenic particles and organic pigments
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Nadarajah, Kumaravel. "Computers in science teaching: a reality or dream; The role of computers in effective science education: a case of using a computer to teach colour mixing; Career oriented science education for the next millennium." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003341.

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Science education in South Africa is not improving much. Many science educators do not have appropriate science qualifications. Majority of the learners have limited facilities to learn science. In this dilemma the move to OBE may result in further substantial deterioration of science education. A possible way out is to use computers in science education to facilitate the learning process. This study was designed to investigate how computers contribute to learners’ skills development in a physics course. A series of interactive computer simulations of colour mixing and a number of closely related traditional practical activities are aimed to promote learners’ understanding of colour. It was concluded that while computer environments have greater potentialas learning tools, they also limit interactions in significant ways.
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May, Glenn H. "MicroSoar : a high speed microstructure profiling system." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28796.

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As ocean ecosystems continue to deteriorate in the face of human induced pressures, marine management professionals are increasingly being urged to predict the impacts of various activities on ocean ecosystems. Many ecosystem interactions are still not adequately understood, so managers often turn to scientists to provide data and analysis on impacts resulting from specific actions. One important physical ocean process in need of more empirical data is microscale turbulence. Because it is responsible for mixing across isopycnal surfaces in stratified waters, turbulence is important in many physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean. An elementary description of turbulence and mixing is presented along with a summary of the role of turbulence in marine ecosystems. In order to be of use to scientists, turbulence must be measured over large areas of the ocean. This paper presents a discussion of techniques for measuring turbulence. Measurements of turbulence are specialized and costly. A new microstructure data acqusition system was developed to acquire microstructure data eight times faster than present methods allow. The design details of the high-speed microstructure data acquisition system called MicroSoar are presented along with some preliminary data obtained from its deployment on actual cruises.
Graduation date: 1998
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"Development of a Cantonese-English code-mixing speech recognition system." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075190.

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A data-driven computational approach is adopted to reveal significant pronunciation variations in Cantonese-English code-mixing speech. The findings are successfully applied to constructing a more relevant bilingual pronunciation dictionary and for selecting effective training materials for code-mixing ASR. For acoustic modeling, it is shown that cross-lingual acoustic models are more appropriate than language-dependent models. Various cross-lingual inventories are derived based on different combination schemes and similarity measurements. We have shown that the proposed data-driven approach based on K-L divergence and phonetic confusion matrix outperforms the IPA-based approach using merely phonetic knowledge. It is also found that initials and finals are more appropriate to be used as the basic Cantonese units than phonemes in code-mixing speech recognition applications. A text database with more than 9 million characters is compiled for language modeling of code-mixing ASR. Classbased language models with automatic clustering classes have been proven inefficient for code-mixing speech recognition. A semantics-based n-gram mapping approach is proposed to increase the counts of code-mixing n-gram at language boundaries. The language model perplexity and recognition performance has been significantly improved with the proposed semantics-based language models. The proposed code-mixing speech recognition system achieves 75.0% overall accuracy for Cantonese-English code-mixing speech, while the accuracy for Cantonese characters is 76.1% and accuracy for English lexicons is 65.5%. It also attains a reasonable character accuracy of 75.3% for monolingual Cantonese speech.
Code-mixing is a common phenomenon in bilingual societies. It refers to the intra-sentential switching of two languages in a spoken utterance. This thesis addresses the problem of the automatic recognition of Cantonese-English code-mixing speech, which is widely used in Hong Kong.
Cross-lingual speaker adaptation has also been investigated in the thesis. Speaker independent (SI) model mapping between Cantonese and English is established at different levels of acoustic units, viz phones, states, and Gaussian mixture components. A novel approach for cross-lingual speaker adaptation via Gaussian component mapping is proposed and has been proved to be effective in most speech recognition tasks.
This study starts with the investigation of the linguistic properties of Cantonese-English code-mixing, which is based on a large number of real code-mixing text corpora collected from the internet and other sources. The effects of language mixing for the automatic recognition of Cantonese-English codemixing utterances are analyzed in a systematic way. The problem of pronunciation dictionary, acoustic modeling and language modeling are investigated. Subsequently, a large-vocabulary code-mixing speech recognition system is developed and implemented.
While automatic speech recognition (ASR) of either Cantonese or English alone has achieved a great degree of success, recognition of Cantonese-English code-mixing speech is not as trivial. Unknown language boundary, accents in code-switched English words, phonetic and phonological differences between Cantonese and English, no regulated grammatical structure, and lack of speech and text data make the ASR of code-mixing utterances much more than a simple integration of two monolingual speech recognition systems. On the other hand, we have little understanding of this highly dynamic language phenomenon. Unlike in monolingual speech recognition research, there are very few linguistic studies that can be referred to.
Cao, Houwei.
Adviser: P.C. Ching.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-140).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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Burton, Neil Lorraine. "The analysis of turbulent flows using a digital computer, with special reference to the plane mixing layer." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16475.

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Li, Guoqing. "Simulating interdecadal variation of the thermohaline circulation by assimilating time-dependent surface data into an ocean climate model /." 1994. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,75354.

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"Automatic speech recognition of Cantonese-English code-mixing utterances." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892425.

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Chan Yeuk Chi Joyce.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Previous Work on Code-switching Speech Recognition --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Keyword Spotting Approach --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Translation Approach --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Language Boundary Detection --- p.6
Chapter 1.3 --- Motivations of Our Work --- p.7
Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.8
Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Outline --- p.10
Chapter 1.6 --- References --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Fundamentals of Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition for Cantonese and English --- p.14
Chapter 2.1 --- Basic Theory of Speech Recognition --- p.14
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Feature Extraction --- p.14
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) Probability --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Hidden Markov Model (HMM) --- p.16
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Statistical Language Modeling --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Search A lgorithm --- p.18
Chapter 2.2 --- Word Posterior Probability (WPP) --- p.19
Chapter 2.3 --- Generalized Word Posterior Probability (GWPP) --- p.23
Chapter 2.4 --- Characteristics of Cantonese --- p.24
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Cantonese Phonology --- p.24
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Variation and Change in Pronunciation --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Syllables and Characters in Cantonese --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Spoken Cantonese vs. Written Chinese --- p.28
Chapter 2.5 --- Characteristics of English --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.1 --- English Phonology --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.2 --- English with Cantonese Accents --- p.31
Chapter 2.6 --- References --- p.32
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Code-mixing and Code-switching Speech Recognition --- p.35
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.35
Chapter 3.2 --- Definition --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Monolingual Speech Recognition --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Multilingual Speech Recognition --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Code-mixing and Code-switching --- p.36
Chapter 3.3 --- Conversation in Hong Kong --- p.38
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Language Choice of Hong Kong People --- p.38
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Reasons for Code-mixing in Hong Kong --- p.40
Chapter 3.3.3 --- How Does Code-mixing Occur? --- p.41
Chapter 3.4 --- Difficulties for Code-mixing - Specific to Cantonese-English --- p.44
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Phonetic Differences --- p.45
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Phonology difference --- p.48
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Accent and Borrowing --- p.49
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Lexicon and Grammar --- p.49
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Lack of Appropriate Speech Corpus --- p.50
Chapter 3.5 --- References --- p.50
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Data Collection --- p.53
Chapter 4.1 --- Data Collection --- p.53
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Corpus Design --- p.53
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Recording Setup --- p.59
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Post-processing of Speech Data --- p.60
Chapter 4.2 --- A Baseline Database --- p.61
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Monolingual Spoken Cantonese Speech Data (CUMIX) --- p.61
Chapter 4.3 --- References --- p.61
Chapter Chapter 5 --- System Design and Experimental Setup --- p.63
Chapter 5.1 --- Overview of the Code-mixing Speech Recognizer --- p.63
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Bilingual Syllable / Word-based Speech Recognizer --- p.63
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Language Boundary Detection --- p.64
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Generalized Word Posterior Probability (GWPP) --- p.65
Chapter 5.2 --- Acoustic Modeling --- p.66
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Speech Corpus for Training of Acoustic Models --- p.67
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Features Extraction --- p.69
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Variability in the Speech Signal --- p.69
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Language Dependency of the Acoustic Models --- p.71
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Pronunciation Dictionary --- p.80
Chapter 5.2.6 --- The Training Process of Acoustic Models --- p.83
Chapter 5.2.7 --- Decoding and Evaluation --- p.88
Chapter 5.3 --- Language Modeling --- p.90
Chapter 5.3.1 --- N-gram Language Model --- p.91
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Difficulties in Data Collection --- p.91
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Text Data for Training Language Model --- p.92
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Training Tools --- p.95
Chapter 5.3.5 --- Training Procedure --- p.95
Chapter 5.3.6 --- Evaluation of the Language Models --- p.98
Chapter 5.4 --- Language Boundary Detection --- p.99
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Phone-based LBD --- p.100
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Syllable-based LBD --- p.104
Chapter 5.4.3 --- LBD Based on Syllable Lattice --- p.106
Chapter 5.5 --- "Integration of the Acoustic Model Scores, Language Model Scores and Language Boundary Information" --- p.107
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Integration of Acoustic Model Scores and Language Boundary Information. --- p.107
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Integration of Modified Acoustic Model Scores and Language Model Scores --- p.109
Chapter 5.5.3 --- Evaluation Criterion --- p.111
Chapter 5.6 --- References --- p.112
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Results and Analysis --- p.118
Chapter 6.1 --- Speech Data for Development and Evaluation --- p.118
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Development Data --- p.118
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Testing Data --- p.118
Chapter 6.2 --- Performance of Different Acoustic Units --- p.119
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Analysis of Results --- p.120
Chapter 6.3 --- Language Boundary Detection --- p.122
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Phone-based Language Boundary Detection --- p.123
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Syllable-based Language Boundary Detection (SYL LB) --- p.127
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Language Boundary Detection Based on Syllable Lattice (BILINGUAL LBD) --- p.129
Chapter 6.3.4 --- Observations --- p.129
Chapter 6.4 --- Evaluation of the Language Models --- p.130
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Character Perplexity --- p.130
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Phonetic-to-text Conversion Rate --- p.131
Chapter 6.4.3 --- Observations --- p.131
Chapter 6.5 --- Character Error Rate --- p.132
Chapter 6.5.1 --- Without Language Boundary Information --- p.133
Chapter 6.5.2 --- With Language Boundary Detector SYL LBD --- p.134
Chapter 6.5.3 --- With Language Boundary Detector BILINGUAL-LBD --- p.136
Chapter 6.5.4 --- Observations --- p.138
Chapter 6.6 --- References --- p.141
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work --- p.143
Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.143
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Difficulties and Solutions --- p.144
Chapter 7.2 --- Suggestions for Future Work --- p.149
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Acoustic Modeling --- p.149
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Pronunciation Modeling --- p.149
Chapter 7.2.3 --- Language Modeling --- p.150
Chapter 7.2.4 --- Speech Data --- p.150
Chapter 7.2.5 --- Language Boundary Detection --- p.151
Chapter 7.3 --- References --- p.151
Appendix A Code-mixing Utterances in Training Set of CUMIX --- p.152
Appendix B Code-mixing Utterances in Testing Set of CUMIX --- p.175
Appendix C Usage of Speech Data in CUMIX --- p.202
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Books on the topic "Oceanic mixing – Data processing"

1

Administration, United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric. Report to Congress on data and information management 2005. [Silver Spring, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2005.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate. and National Academies Press (U.S.), eds. Environmental data management at NOAA: Archiving, stewardship, and access. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2007.

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United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Coastal activities. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Geophysical Data Center, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Satellite data archiving: U.S. and foreign activities and plans for environmental information : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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Martinez, D. Fred. Development of an analytical model to predict volumetric properties. Helena]: Montana Dept. of Transportation, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Weather forecasting: NWS has not demonstrated that new processing system will improve mission effectiveness : report to the Chairman, Committee on Science, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation. Finding your way: The future of Federal aids to navigation : hearing before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, February 4, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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Office, General Accounting. Weather forecasting: Systems architecture needed for national weather service modernization : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Weather forecasting: Unmet needs and unknown costs warrant reassessment of observing system plans : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Willemssen, Joel C. Department of Commerce: National Weather Service modernization and NOAA fleet issues : statement of Joel C. Willemssen, Director, Civil Agencies Information Systems, Accounting and Information Management Division and L. Nye Stevens, Director, Federal Management and Workforce Issues, General Government Division, before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oceanic mixing – Data processing"

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Hedlin, Michael A. H., Jon Berger, and Frank L. Vernon. "Surveying Infrasonic Noise on Oceanic Islands." In Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Data Processing and Infrasound, 1127–52. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8144-9_11.

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Fouilloux, A., and A. Piacentini. "The PALM Project: MPMD Paradigm for an Oceanic Data Assimilation Software." In Euro-Par’99 Parallel Processing, 1423–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48311-x_200.

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Barillon, B., and P. H. Jézéquel. "Characterization of Convective Mixing in Industrial Precipitation Reactors by Real-time Processing of Trajectography Data." In 10th European Conference on Mixing, 329–36. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044450476-0/50042-x.

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Sengupta, Anirban, and Mahendra Rathor. "Structural transformation-based obfuscation using pseudo-operation mixing for securing data-intensive IP cores." In Secured Hardware Accelerators for DSP and Image Processing Applications, 339–56. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbcs076e_ch9.

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Camprubí, Lino, and Alexandra Hui. "Testing the Underwater Ear." In Testing Hearing, 301–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197511121.003.0012.

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World War II fueled technologies for underwater listening, such as hydrophones, and Cold War antisubmarine strategies further rendered the oceans audible, noisy even. This novel ability to hear marine sounds radically transformed not only the discipline of oceanography but also the oceans themselves and the people listening. An examination of U.S. Navy ear-training manuals and sound recordings reveals continuities of testing protocols and ontologies between military oceanographers and marine biologists. Underwater listeners were additionally informed by musical training and technologies such as graphic representation and image processing software. In the oceanic soundscape, marine life was defined relative to Soviet vessels and was approached through an epistemology of error: plankton stood in the way of sound waves, shrimp distorted hydrophone receptions, and whales emitted enigmatically unclassifiable sounds that questioned existing sound signature catalogs. As technologies and data were disclosed to the biologists, this knowledge about error became scientific knowledge.
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Naik, Ganesh, and Dinesh Kant Kumar. "Semi Blind Source Separation for Application in Machine Learning." In Machine Learning Algorithms for Problem Solving in Computational Applications, 30–46. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1833-6.ch003.

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Unsupervised learning is a class of problems in machine learning which seeks to determine how the data are organized. Unsupervised learning encompasses many other techniques that seek to summarize and explain key features of the data. One form of unsupervised learning is blind source separation (BSS). BSS is a class of computational data analysis techniques for revealing hidden factors that underlie sets of measurements or signals. BSS assumes a statistical model whereby the observed multivariate data, typically given as a large database of samples, are assumed to be linear or nonlinear mixtures of some unknown latent variables. The mixing coefficients are also unknown. Sometimes more prior information about the sources is available or is induced into the model, such as the form of their probability densities, their spectral contents, etc. Then the term blind is often replaced by semiblind. This chapter reports the semi BSS machine learning applications on audio and bio signal processing.
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Conference papers on the topic "Oceanic mixing – Data processing"

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Piera, J., J. Catalan, and J. Norton. "Parameterization of turbulent mixing models derived from microstructure data processing. Applications to environmental research." In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178179.

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Miller, P., C. K. R. T. Jones, G. Haller, and L. Pratt. "Chaotic mixing across oceanic jets." In Chaotic, fractal, and nonlinear signal processing. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51055.

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van Leeuwen, Peter Jan. "Efficient nonlinear data assimilation for oceanic models of intermediate complexity." In 2011 IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssp.2011.5967700.

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Cheng, Ligang, and Ying Zhang. "Retrieval of oceanic suspended sediment concentration with support vector regression." In International Conference on Earth Observation Data Processing and Analysis, edited by Deren Li, Jianya Gong, and Huayi Wu. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.815820.

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HAN, HUA, YONGSHENG DING, and FENGMING LIU. "A MAXIMUM ENTROPY APPROACH FOR COLLABORATIVE WARNING IN OCEANIC DATA PROCESSING." In Proceedings of the 8th International FLINS Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799470_0016.

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Yang, Jiachen, Qiming Zhao, Chang Wang, Bin Jiang, Tianyuan Zhang, and Houbing Song. "Oceanic Data Processing System Based on Multi-sensor Interaction through Internet of Things." In 2018 IEEE 37th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pccc.2018.8711112.

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Li, Chang, Yong Ma, Yuan Gao, Zhongyuan Wang, and Jiayi Ma. "Sparse unmixing of hyperspectral data based on robust linear mixing model." In 2016 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vcip.2016.7805498.

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Zeng, Wenlong, Kai Tu, Daofu Han, and Haitao Yan. "A tunable self-mixing chaotic laser with ultra-high bandwidth." In Real-time Photonic Measurements, Data Management, and Processing V, edited by Bahram Jalali, Ming Li, and Mohammad Hossein Asghari. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2575192.

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Mattern, Christopher. "Combining Non-stationary Prediction, Optimization and Mixing for Data Compression." In 2011 First International Conference on Data Compression, Communications and Processing (CCP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccp.2011.22.

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Keles, Cemal, Baris Baykant Alagoz, and Asim Kaygusuz. "Multi-source energy mixing for renewable energy microgrids by particle swarm optimization." In 2017 International Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing Symposium (IDAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idap.2017.8090163.

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Reports on the topic "Oceanic mixing – Data processing"

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Hall, Candice, and Robert Jensen. Utilizing data from the NOAA National Data Buoy Center. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40059.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) guides users through the quality control (QC) and processing steps that are necessary when using archived U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave and meteorological data. This CHETN summarizes methodologies to geographically clean and QC NDBC measurement data for use by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) user community.
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