Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Océaniens'
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Huffer, Elise. "La politique extérieure de Fidji, de Tonga et du Vanuatu : contribution à l'étude des micro-états océaniens." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32028.
Full textFiji and tonga became independent in 1970. Ten years later the republic of vanuatu, ex-new hebrides, is born,. As sovereign entities, these three pacific micro-states are free to conduct their own foreign policy. Their international behavior, although in part determined by size and lack of human, financial and natural resources, results mistly from the strategies developed by the three island states. The latter stress the unique historical and georgraphical charactistics of the islands as well as their original political models, mixing traditional and modern feactures, to promote their country on the regional and international stage. Ratu mara's "pacific way", the tupou dynasty's" friendly islands" and the vanua'aku pati's "melanesian socialism", all symbols of the originality and authenticity of fiji, tonga and vanuatu, serve to explain, justify and legitimize the regional and international activities of the three island states. Fiji by portraying itself as the voice of the pacific, relies on its dominant role within the region to assert itself on the international scene. Vanuatu which adopts an opposite approach, relies on its active participation within the international arena where it promotes the message of "melanesian socialism", to try to weigh on the regional scene which is its main area of interest. Tonga, for its part, attempts to remove itself altogether from the regional environment which it considers lacking in prestige, in order to promote "friendly relations
Viellard-Cazaumayou, Sophie. "La circulation des objets océaniens en Occident : contribution à une analyse anthropologique du marché de l'art primitif en France." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0190.
Full textUntil recently, the anthropology research hasn't paid much attention to the tribal art market. Yet the study enriches, not only the knowledge of the french collections but also grasping the process of the value from the "curios" to art. Furthermore, we can see a different approach of exchange system. South Sea objets circulating in the Occident are useful for the understanding of tha market specificity. The growing media coverage in the 20 th century showed the emerging of these goods in the art market and especially in the auctions. The speeches of the actors specializing in that field also bring a multitude of informations to grasp the commercial manipulation of these items. This is discernible in the multiplication of references linked to the authenticity and rarefaction of the object. In addition, these also bring the collectors to keep the object as a sacred thing. However, item which became inalienable in Occident is sometimes underlying goods of oceanian identity and culture. This increases the problem of legitimacy of the possession and restitution of this object
Moyse-Faurie, Claire. "Recherches en Linguistique océanienne." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559227.
Full textRortais, Florence. ""L'Art : Interface d'une citoyenneté interculturelle De l'accord de Nouméa à la Kaleutopia"." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474844.
Full textRo'i, Laïsa. "L'intégration régionale océanienne : enjeux, contraintes et perspectives." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40025/document.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to shed new light on the interactions between trade integration andmonetary integration, using the Oceanian region as a case study. The Oceanian continent has not enjoyed excessiveattention amongst researchers in international economics. And yet, the region offers a striking illustration of themechanisms through which small island economies interact with the global economy, via complex regional processes.As such, it constitutes an excellent research field for the question of the sequencing between monetary integration andtrade integration. The approach adopted in this thesis is steeped in applied economics, and uses various methodologies(panel econometrics, multinomial discrete choice models, gravity equations) to bring a fresh perspective on the variousdimensions of the regional integration process, and on the interactions between the monetary and trade components ofthat process. The study yields three key conclusions. Firstly, the study assesses the actual integration dynamics at work,and concludes that there is a positive impact of intra-regional trade agreements, both on trade flows between membercountries and on exports to non-member countries. Secondly, the study creates a new mapping of exchange rate regimesin the region, and uses it to identify a path dependency between anchoring choices and historical determinations. Thirdly,the models analyzed suggest that the impact of common currency arrangements on intra-regional trade flows should notbe over-estimated. Rather, a closer look at the gravity equations describing the interaction between common colonialascendency and common currency arrangements suggests that history is the over-riding factor. Finally, a prospectiveanalysis leads to consider anchoring to the australian dollar as a possible option, while noting the asymmetrical impactof such an integration scheme on intra-regional trade flows
Di, Giorgio Josiane. "L' Autre à la presqu’île de Tahiti : de Samuel Wallis à Frederick O’Brien, 1767-1921." Polynésie française, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POLF0004.
Full textFrom 1767 onwards the Tahitian society was deeply affected by arrival of the first European navigators in Matavai Bay. From the very moment when the British made Pomare « King of Tahiti », to a certain extent the other chiefdoms, such as that Taiarapu, fell into oblivion. This study of peninsula of Taiarapu provides an opportunity to highlight the history of that forsaken and forbidden part of the island, to bring back into light its myths and legends and to re-discover what life was like on the other side of the island of Tahiti, away from the Kingdom of Pomare. It provides an opportunity to look at Tahitian History from another viewpoint and to put Taiarapu back to its original place, i. E the very head of the mythical fish called Tahiti. In studying the peninsula of Tahiti, we have also wished to enable its people to discover or re-discover their history, their legends and their once glorious past. To achieve our goal, we have studied the Other, for the history of Taiarapu can only be fully understood in the light of the Other, the one that changed History and wrote Tahitian History. They were navigators, missionaries, beachcombers, settlers or writers and we have tried to understand their motivations, and their vision of the islander, as well as to try and understand how the people from the peninsula saw them. We have emphasized what we could learn on the Taiarapu people and society thanks to their writings and have also tried and analyse to what extent the presence of foreigners transformed the society
Vigier, Stéphanie. "La fiction face au passé : histoire, mémoire et espace-remps dans la fiction littéraire océanienne contemporaine." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2008. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseStephanieVigier2009.pdf.
Full textLebrun, Brigitte. "Le syndrome de Peutz-Jeghers, à propos de deux observations océaniennes." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M119.
Full textThénot, Elsa. "La création in situ en Océanie : géo-esthétique et territoires urbains." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30010/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis revolves around the artistic and urban practices in four cities, in Australia and New Zealand. Those cities, Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland and Wellington are major artistic hubs in Oceania, and form the basis of a theoretical and empirical study. The first challenge is to locate and understand chronologically, through a Western artistic lens and its evolution, what are the inherent nuances of the in situ art. We will see how art produced extramurally, as represented in the United States and Europe (1960-1970), and noted on multiple accounts by artists, relied on various data: spatial, geomorphological, historical, human and contextual course. This understanding will lead us to the first example of space turning or geospatial art or propensity, which can be viewed as out of its traditional frameworks – which is to the museum, to conquer new territories of registration. To address these postcolonial Pacific cities and the culture they devote to artistic creation, we will see how these two young nations have built and continue to build their identity. In light of the New Zealand biculturalism, the value of Maori culture and the place of the people, we are committed to see how extramural art is represented in Wellington and in more rural areas around Auckland. In Australia, in some examples, the historical facts have reinforced a sense of identity through specific examples of urban creation while in other areas the historical contexts lead to politically charged issues; such is the case of the event Sculpture by the Sea. To what extent can a region, through its first four cities, lead us to rethink the in situ expression and geo-aesthetic that emerges? This study based on observation and cross disciplinary theoretical approaches and argues that the tendency of cities to reinvent worlds, regenerate through art until, is in some respects, a true territorial tool. I propose different readings to further understand how singular forms of aesthetics emerge as part of a proactive planning on redesigning the face of the city. Then it will show through best practices, how art, in the Pacific cities, changes space and emphasizes history and can become detached of context. This body of work is pertinent given the historical identity priority of Pacific cultures, and the contemporary multiculturalism and use of space will shed light on the expression of a specific urban geo-aesthetics. Intercultural connections between vernacular indices (patterns, gestures, shapes) and contemporary mediums attest to a geographicity art between narrative interpretation of places, symbol and emancipation
Teriierooiterai, Claude. "Mythes, astronomie, découpage du temps et navigation traditionnelle : l’héritage océanien contenu dans les mots de la langue tahitienne." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POLF0003/document.
Full textHow did the Tahitians conceptualize the skies in order to create their own instrument of astronomy? Traditions provide explanations in the form of cosmogony stories. They can entice or by no means are they considered scientific evidence. Astronomy has supported theories that give today a certain seriousness or rationality.Cosmogony began the day when man inquired about its environment and its origins. To fully understand, they asked those that have travelled in the past, recollecting descriptions of what they had seen and heard from faraway places.The curiosity of Tahitians has pushed them to travel beyond the horizon having only faith in the words of their ancestors. The answers can be found within the mythical recitals by understanding the vocabulary used at the source of intellectual symbols. Without a doubt, the approach of a linguist is necessary.In Tahitian cosmogony, the God Ta'aroa created the world. The sky was attached to the earth and in order to separate them; he used ten pillars "Pou", that are marked by stars in the sky called "'Anā". Celestial bodies move across the dome sky by following pathways called "Rua" and each pathway is highlighted by a dominant star called "Ta'urua". This conceptualization of the sky gave Tahitians a remarkable instrument for measuring space and time. The lexicon of astronomy terms numbers nearly two hundred. Understanding them leads one to discover their ancient science
Rodd, Adrien. "Constructions identitaires nationales et britannicité dans les pays du Commonwealth en Océanie." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070095.
Full textThis doctoral thesis, in the field of British culture and society, aims to analyse the means whereby national identities have been developed in the postcolonial states of what used to be the British Pacific - more specifically, the former British, Australian or New Zealand colonies, which are now sovereign states and members of the Commonwealth of Nations. This study analyses the transformation of societies, as well as of identities felt and expressed, during the colonial period, before focusing on the process of identity building after independence, in relation to the values, practices, institutions and borders inherited from colonial times. Within this framework, this work looks into the specificities of the Pacific as they relate to British projects throughout history, from a fairly limited colonial project in terms of the societal transformation of Pacific territories (with the exception of the settler colonies, Australia and New Zealand), to Britain's withdrawal in the 1970s. It aims to study the interpretations and claims of 'Britishness' in a colonial then postcolonial setting. Lastly, within this context, this thesis offers a comparative study of historical and contemporary issues link to identity building in the countries of this region
Cordonnier, Isabelle. "La France dans le Pacifique Sud : 1962-1988." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0009.
Full textThe decision to implement the French nuclear test site in French Polynesia was taken by the government in 1962. It deeply modified the relations between France and the South Pacific States. Between 1962 and 1988 three distinctive periods can be identified in the evolution of France's policy in the region, towards its territories as well as towards the independent States, and of the image of France. From 1962 to 1970 the South Pacific political region-to-be was organized and the basis of French regional activities set out. The misunderstanding between France-centered French activities and States or territories in search of a political regional lucus date back from these years. The differences of opinion between earis and the South Pacific States increased from 1971 to 1984. French activities were mainly conservative, in spite of some concessions. Neighbour States organized their international common posture (regionalism) and displayed an unrelenting hostility towards France. In 1985 only did Paris start to set up a regional polidy, which was obvious in 1988 only with the Matignon agreements. Since 1985, the South Pacific States had to review thierposture towards the external world
Lallemant-Moe, Hervé Raimana. "L'assistance environnementale : nécessité et rôle en droit international de l’environnement et pour les petits Etats insulaires du Pacifique Sud." Polynésie française, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POLF0002.
Full textThe Small Islands States of South Pacific (SISSP) are seriously threatened by many environmental issues. Natural and technological disasters, and the climate change and the global pollution can have catastrophic consequences for the small Pacific islands. The risks of environmental migrants or even “disappearance” of States are issues already mentioned. Environmental hazards are even more dangerous for the SISSP because of their limited technical and financial resources. The climate change and the global pollution are primarily presented as the result of the activities of developed States. Therefore, they developed the implementation of international assistance. The objectives are to bring help for the most brutal disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. ), but also to improve the prospects for adaptation to climate change for the most vulnerable States. This international assistance both in its technical, financial, or judicial aspect is undoubtedly a solution. However, this environmental assistance is currently a nebulous principle entirely submitted to the goodwill of the States. Its present effectiveness cannot ensure the survival of the SISSP. This relative inefficiency calls for the creation of a unified and coherent legal principle in international law of the environment. This principle fits perfectly with the project of creating a World Environment Organization
Lebot, Vincent. "Les kavas en Océanie (Piper methysticum Forst. Et Piper Wichmannii C. DC. ) : étude pluridisciplinaire d'une culture traditionnelle." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20220.
Full textBoubin-Boyer, Sylvette. "De la première guerre mondiale en Océanie : Les guerres de tous les Calédoniens." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NCAL0005.
Full textRortais, Florence. "L' Art : interface d'un citoyenneté interculturelle : de l'accord de Nouméa à la Kaleutopia." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30067.
Full textThis Art and Art Sciences Thesis places the Art at the heart of the societal and political research of a citizenship in New Caledonia. Indeed, it postulates that Art, observed and experienced at the edges of heterogeneous fields, is used as an interface for an intercultural citizenship. In this way, this Thesis is a creation research which, to verify its own postulate, was linked to three concepts based on a south-south point of view: the identity, the identity representation and the identity recognition. To structure these experimentations, this creation research was based on three artistic and cultural points that are clearly highlighted by the Agreement of Noumea. These points are: -the protection of the patrimony and its development, -the teaching and artistic practices and -the creation, the artistic dissemination and circulation of work. They led to six experimentations which allow this creation research to reveal an Oceanian fact and the interstitial culture present in New-Caledonia. The creation of these six interfaces also enabled, in an imaginative way, the creation of intercultural bridges from which it is possible to build a society that is more harmonious, in particular a democracy which accepts the plurality like a notebook with codes to build a better place : a Kaleutopia
Baert, Annie. "Les voyages de Mendana et de Quiros en océanie (1567-1569, 1595, 1605-1606)." Université française du Pacifique (1987-1999), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PACI0022.
Full textThis study analyses from three standpoints how the main participants lived the three journeys resulting in the discovery of the islands of Solomon, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Cook and Vanuatu general planning political structure : official commitees' parrticipation (spain & peru) in the planning, the control and the financing of those trips military preparedness: official and practical reasons for the presence of soldiers on board these ships, daily routine, weaponry and its uses, estimates of native losses, limits in the military aspect of these expeditions religious aspects : reformed / anti-reformed movements, church / kingdom relations, the intellectual universe of the franciscans, the expeditions' religious life, the missionaries' role the companions of Mendana and Quiros - quantitative estimate of the staff boarded on each ship. Human loss assessment - study of their duties on board each ship, of their identity, of their background and of their final fate - portraits and biographical sketchings of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Alvaro de Mendana y Neira and Pedro Fernandez de Quiros the spanish vision of the south sea what the sailors saw and perceived, depending on their frame of mind, their prejudices and the precariousness of their personal status - vision of the islands : geographical location, physical aspect, natural resources, natives' staple diet - vision of men and exchanges between oceanians and visitors - vision of the native social organisation : daily life, technical life, housing, inter-island relations, means of navigation, sociopolitical structure ; religious life and canibalism ; ritual overtaking of lands the study of these three journeys, whose narratives were immediately and fully broadcasted, shows that two centuries prior to the new Cytheria of Bougainville, the myth of paradise on earth, that permanent hope constantly pushed away but never dismissed, found a new breath of life and a promising new geographical localization in the south sea
François, Alexandre. "Contraintes de structures et liberté dans l'organisation du discours : une description du mwotlap, langue océanienne du Vanuatu." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136463.
Full textInghels, Elvina. "Le tourisme en Nouvelle-Calédonie : va, vis, deviens, demeure ou le désir d’essor d’une destination océanienne méconnue." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040077.
Full textOver the last 40 years, tourism represents a major stake for the future of New-Caledonia, this Oceanian territoryentity who’s under French authorities. However, a secondary activity remains due to the economic predominanceand historical activities of the mining and metallurgical industries. The tourism industry is rapidly developing andspreading on earth, becoming the main resource of numerous countries or regions, notably in the tropical zonesand in the islands. Why isn’t it the same for New-Caledonia? Which local, regional or international factorscontribute to a week development and stagnation of the island’s tourist activities? Through tree parts and nine chapters, this thesis permits the forecast New-Caledonia’s tourism evolution sincethe 1970’s trough 2010 and to understand the actual state of stagnation and willingness for new steps in thedevelopment of global dynamics. It presents different tendencies marking the tourism take-off in the Caledonianislands, the difficulties to achieve and keep an up going dynamic; and the limited interest of Caledonians for thisrecent activity. Finally, it comes back to the pursuit of the Caledonian identity that could serve as base to a newtouristic image and it exposes four long-term scenarios on the tourism future of New-Caledonia
Raybaud, Corinne. "L'île de Pâques de 1862 à 1888 : 26 années de diapora pascuane en Océanie orientale." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100097.
Full textTouati, Benjamin. "Description du sakao, langue océanienne du nord-est Santo (Vanuatu) : phonologie, morphologie, syntaxe, sémantique et éléments de socio-linguistique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040244.
Full textSakao is an Oceanic language spoken by more than 1500 people in the north-east area of Espiritu Santo Island (Vanuatu, South Pacific). The present thesis is based on a total of eight months' fieldwork. After a thorough description of the sociolinguistic situation in the area, it describes the main phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic features of Sakao. Sakao presents characteristic features of an Oceanic language (e.g. a tendency toward multipredicativity, the use of serial verbs constructions, the expression of possession, etc.). However, this language is also innovative, especially regarding its phonology and its morphology. The entire thesis also attempts to highlight the interaction between intonation and morphosyntactic structures. The thesis also proposes a precise study of various issues, including the following: differential marking of the indefinite depending on the mood of the sentence; the aspectual system and its interactions with mood and Aktionsart; spatial reference and the six-degree deictic system; and the notions of topicalization, focus, and discourse frame. The appendix presents the transcription of two narratives from our oral corpus (together with their glosses and French translations), as well as a list of the main differences between Sakao and Nkep, considered here as two dialects of a same language: Wanohe
Bril, Isabelle. "La structure de l'énoncé en Nêlêmwâ (extrême-nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070054.
Full textAfter a brief presentation of austronesian languages which this language belongs to, the synthactic and discursive structures of nelemwa are described, this is an omnipredicative language in which all lexical items can be predicates ; yet, the noun-verb opposition is marked. This language is morphologically ergative, nouns are marked along absolutive ergative lines, while bound pronouns are accusative, this suggests diachronic change. There being no passive, diathesis is expressed by the choice of constructions (whether direct indirect, or nominalisations) and valency reduction. The tense aspect mode system is described in a topolgical frame. The construction of determination and the various types of deictic, anaphoric, or directional morphemes are related to spatio-temporal structure. Left dislocation and clefting are analysed in terms of operation of location (after culioli). Relatives are analysed in terms of types of discursive operations (topicalisation and pre-consctruciton). Operations of qualification, qualitative catagorisation and possessive determination reveal hierarchies (from inherent to contingent determination) expressed morphosyntactucally. Qunatification (and classifying systems) is analysed in reference to concepts such as mass countable items, and degree is associaded to notions of gradient and attracting centre. Finally, coordination and subordination are presented : the choice between hypotaxic or embedded constructions being correlated to semantic viewpoints
Lavigne, Gérard. "Langues et mathématiques à l’école dans les cultures océaniennes : étude exploratoire d’une pédagogie interculturelle en Nouvelle-Calédonie : approches anthropologiques et ethnomathématique." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2012. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseGerardLavigne2012_Tome1.pdf.
Full textMosses, Morsen. "La rencontre entre les droits fondamentaux, notamment le droit à l'égalité des femmes et la coutume: le cas du Vanuatu comme exemple de pluralisme juridique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26626.
Full textLike its neighbouring Island Countries, Vanuatu is experiencing a situation of legal pluralism where several legal orders or legal systems (customary law, colonial law, statutory law) coexist. Based on an exegetical analysis, but more fundamentally on a feminist methodology, the thesis attemps to show that this legal pluralism constitutes, in many cases, an obstacle to human rights and also to international obligations of these Pacific Island Countries in the matter. Concerning the situation of women, the feminist methodology shows us that the law as a whole (legal system, legislation, case law and State institutions) and the customary law in particular are ineffective in some areas such as the one of the family, among other things, because they create inequalities and discriminations towards women or because they maintain the inequalities that have already existed between women and men. By doing so, the law not only perpetuates the subordination of women, but also maintains the domination of men. Like the feminist jurists however, we consider that the law cannot be put aside since it can constitute a powerful tool for social change. Thus, in the proposed solution to the issu observed, the thesis insists not only on the necessity of reaffirming the principle of universality of human rights (and also women’s right to equality), but it also proposes an innovative interpretation of the right to equality based on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Canadian jurisprudence to better protect human rights, notably women’s rights in Vanuatu and in the Pacific region. The thesis also recommends the establishment of a national mechanism of human rights following Québec model considering the good performance of the province in terms of the protection and promotion of women’s rights. We thus hope that this thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge in law by calling into question the existing legal order (or the neutrality of law) from a point of view centered on women and by putting forward an innovative interpretation of the right to equality in order to change or to improve the social relations between women and men in Vanuatu and in the Pacific region.
Doyen, Audrey. "Les relations entre les musées d'ethnographie et les marchés de l'art africain et océanien en France, en Suisse et en Belgique : construire la valeur et s'approprier l'altérité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA099/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the valuation of ethnographic object through the prism of their circulation between two stakeholders : art markets and ethnographic museums. No scientific research has so far looked in depth at the relation between this two actors in the tribal art’s field, except to describe or criticise the specific case of the Musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac’s foundation.My research mobilising anthropology and museology is based on intensive fieldwork with galleries, auction houses and museums in Switzerland, France and Belgium between 2013 and 2017. The comprehensive analysis shows the territorial issues between this different stakeholders and highlights the increase in events both in museums and markets. My research also draws a portrait of the market, its functionning and its hierarchies and proposes a typology of the different relations and actors. The main objective was to understand the process of fixing an object’s value. In a market dominated by speculation and a lot of arbitrariness, I highlight that this value is intrinsically linked to the control of information. Finally, the analysis shows the « how-to-think » and processes developped by all the actors in the field to rationalise some of these speculative practices. I hope I have emphasised in this work the new forms of production, appropriation, consumption and the valorisation of otherness by our society today
Noury, Arnaud. "De la poterie Lapita à la Parole des premières sociétés d'Océanie : les décors et la société Lapita." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROF041.
Full textArchaeological research on the Lapita Cultural Complex, which developed in Oceania about 3200-2800 years Before Present, has evolved considerably in recent decades. The purpose of the thesis presented here is to show that the study of Lapita pottery decoration can be particularly useful for the understanding of the Lapita people. After having remembered the history of research about Lapita, and the state of current research, we present in a second time a very detailed study of ceramic decorations : how they were made, how the various friezes and motifs organize themselves. Finally, what are the differences, spatial and temporal distributions of all these patterns and their variants. This first step allows a comprehensive review of the mode of graphical representation of the Lapita and emphasize its importance in our understanding of society at the turn of second and first millennia BC. In a third step, observations and results are linked with other archaeological data, as well as those from historical linguistics and ethnology in an attempt to show that Lapita decorations can probably be seen as the reflections of intangible aspects -mainly social- of Lapita: the relationship to the organization of Lapita groups in the vast territory between New Guinea and Samoa, through the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and the archipelagos of Tonga and Wallis and Futuna. This type of study allows an opening for the Pacific Research into social assumptions reconstructions opening new perspectives for understanding the cultures so-called "oral tradition."
Cayrol-Baudrillart, Françoise. "La céramique en Mélanésie du Sud, fonction ou statut ? : le cas des Naamboï de Maleluka, une approche ethno-archéologique." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010585.
Full textAn ethno-archaeological approach to melanesian ceramic. A sociological analysis of the ceramic status of, starting from an ethnographical corpus examinated in the early XXth century by Bernard Deacon and concerning the south-werstern societies of Malekula (the Vanuatu archipelago). This study aims at defining the place given to ceremonial ceramics in the representations of Melanesian societies, in relation with the different values of these societies, and to understand what type of relations they maintained with these objects and the original funeral sites where fertility or fecondity rites took place. Completing this work is an analysis of different approaches to ceramics of oceania (notably of the lapita type), and a study of various rituals so-called "graded societies"
Revolon, Sandra. "De l'objet sacré à l'objet commercial : la production esthétique comme support de la tradition à l'Est des îles Salomon (Océanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0161.
Full textGuerrier, Gilles. "Epidemiology of leptospirosis in New Caledonia and Futuna : symptomatic infections in children, symptomatic reinfections and incidence of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066012/document.
Full textLeptospirosis is an endemo-epidemic zoonotic disease associated with potentially fatal renal, cardiovascular or pulmonary failure. Several aspects of the disease are poorly explored, including infections in children, Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions (JHR) and symptomatic re-infections. The objectives of the studies were the following: to describe disease spectrum and outcome differences in children and adolescents admitted for leptospirosis in a large at-risk population; to quantify frequency of and risk factors for JHR in leptospirosis management; and to assess incidence and characteristics of reinfection by leptospirosis in the Pacific region. Using a retrospective data collection, clinical and laboratory data were obtained on hospitalized confirmed cases in New Caledonia and in Futuna. A case-control study was designed to identify risk factors using a logistic regression model. There are four principal findings from this series of studies with direct implications for clinical practice in those settings. First, leptospirosis in New Caledonia is responsible for a limited number of admissions among children due to milder symptomatic clinical presentation. Second, although generally assumed to be a rare event, the true prevalence of JHR in leptospirosis is unknown in most part of the world. The awareness of this event is probably insufficient considering the significantly high proportion of JHR observed in Futuna. Third, recurrent episodes of symptomatic leptospirosis appear to be non-severe. Finally, specific immunity resulting from a previous episode of leptospirosis with the serovar Copenhageni did not protect against subsequent infection against the same serovar. Future research based those results may provide insights into the still challenging pathogenesis of this complex infectious disease
Sand, Christophe. "La préhistoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : contribution à l'étude des modalités d'adaptation et d'évolution des sociétés océaniennes dans un archipel du sud de la Mélanésie." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010551.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to present a studyof the prehistoric chronology of the new caledonia. After a general introduction on the natural context, on neo-caledonian archaeology, and on traditional society, a first vomule presents various field works (site inventories and archaeological digs). In the second volume a study of the demography of the natives in the historical period is first given, based on several edited sources. The prehistory of the archipelago is then analyzed as it was possible to reconstruct it according to current data. The archaeological traces indicate both a progressive peopling of the whole exploitable ecological fields in the archipelago and an diversification of cultural traditions according to regions. The existence of enormous constructions and of very large horticultural blocks poses the problem of thetypes of social structures existing in new caledonia, during prehistory and of possible hierarchical social systems. The last chapter tries to analyze why a striking difference exists between the archaeological scenery of the archipelago and the modes of occupation of the space and the social functioning of the traditional society when france took possession of new caledonia in 1853. Five annexes complete the work of this these
Close, Anne-Sophie. "Visions croisées dans la littérature du Grand Océan: approche comparatistes des littératures francophones et anglophones de Polynésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209163.
Full textPar le choix de son objet autant que par celui de sa méthode, où le dialogue interdisciplinaire et interculturel occupe une place essentielle, cette étude se veut doublement novatrice. Elle embrasse plusieurs objectifs. Premièrement, faire connaître une production littéraire francophone largement méconnue, issue d’une aire géographique et culturelle spécifique (la Polynésie). Deuxièmement, renforcer le dialogue trans-océanique grâce à la confrontation des productions francophones et anglophones, et s’inscrire ainsi pleinement dans l’actualité de la recherche sur les littératures océaniennes. Troisièmement, usant des apports de ce dialogue et des outils proposés par l’analyse écocritique, poser la question de l’existence ou non d’un univers littéraire trans-linguistique et océanien. Quatrièmement, contribuer à enrichir et éclairer les théories littéraires écocritiques grâce aux spécificités et aux problématiques soulevées par les littératures polynésiennes. Œuvres littéraires et méthode critique s’inscrivent donc dans un processus d’échanges et de retours constant et dynamique, s’éclairant réciproquement afin de parvenir à une compréhension mutuelle plus profonde et féconde de nouvelles possibilités.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rallu, Jean-Louis. "Evolution de la population des archipels du Pacifique aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010588.
Full textThe rapid decrease of oceanian populations following the coming of europeans in the islands is a subject of controversy. The marquesas islands are one of the most wellknown cases of depopulation. Census data show a rapid decrease. A reconstitution of the genealogies enabled us to do a study using methods of modern historical demography. The decrease of the population 8- 2 % a year) stated by 1830, independent of epidemics. The continuous decrease was partly due to high proportions of infer- tile woman (over 25% in generations born in the nineteenth century) as a consequence of veneral diseases. The main cause of population decrease was high mortality (life expectancy at birth diseases introduced by the newcomers. Medical services were very poor. The population of Tahiti is evaluated at 70 000 persons by 1967. A rapid decrease occured then. Other monographs of the second part of the dissertation show rapid population decrease in several islands in Polynesia and Melanesia. On another hand a slow population decrease affected many islands. Few islands had a stable population
Roullier, Caroline. "Aux origines de la diversité de la patate douce (Ipomoea batatas) : une enquête phylogéographique en Amérique tropicale (aire d’origine) et en Océanie (aire d’introduction)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20263/document.
Full textFollowing a population genetics and phylogeography approach, based on the comparison of chloroplastic and nuclear diversity patterns, this study aims at describing the processes which built sweet potato diversity from its domestication in tropical America to its introduction and diffusion into Oceania. We first studied the history of sweet potato domestication and identified its botanic and geographic origin in the area from which it originates - tropical America. Sweet potato is a hexaploid taxa of which the wild parents still remain to be identified. Two hypothesis are classically refered to: 1) an autopolyploid origin deriving from a wild diploid I. tridida and 2) an allopolyploid origin implying the hybridization between I. trifida et I. triloba. Our genetic results corroborate the autopolyploid scenario. However, in contrast to what was previously anticipated, I. trifida cannot be considered the wild ancestor of sweet potato. Wild forms of I. batatas do exist, these are populations from which cultivated forms were domesticated. In addition, we highlighted the existence of two distinct chloroplastic lineages within sweet potato cultivars, suggesting that several wild parents, genetically differenciated but probably conspecifics are involved in the formation of the I. batatas genome.Two scenari (non exclusive) are to be envisaged: i) I. batatas would result from the hybridization of several independent lines (conspecific or near); ii) I. batatas is an autoploid complex with multiple origin. The genetic characterization of sweet potato cultivars highlight the existence of two genetically differentiated and geographically structured groups: one includes central american and caribbean varieties while the other is made of varieties from Peru and Equador region. This diversity pattern is strongly suggestive of multilocal domestication events - in Central America and in South America - and strengthens the hypothesis of a multiple autopolyloid origin in these two regions.Next, we investigated Oceania as area of introduction of sweet potato. The sweet potato distribution in the Pacific can be explained by pre-historic introductions in Polynesia originating from South America (brought by Polynesians), and historical introductions in West-Pacific originating from Mexico and the Caribbean islands.This is a hypothesis originally proposed by linguists, ethnobotanists and archeologists, but which was lacking until now of genetic proves. Combining the sampling of contemporary traditional varieties and herbarium specimens dating from the 18th to the early 20st century, we were able to refine the temporal and spatial evolution of sweet potato diversity in the Pacific. We demonstrate that sweet potato varieties present until the early 20th century in Polynesia clearly harbor a south-american genetic signature, indicating that they directly derive from varieties found in the Peru-Ecuador area. Thus our genetic data provide an additional prove to the existence of at least one prehistoric connection between Polynesia and South America. On the west side of Pacific, sweet potato cultivars mainly display a central-american origin. We also demonstrate that a reshuffling of the genetic base happened in line with the occurrence of new introductions, progressively erasing the signature of original introductions. In contrast, phenotypes and associated names known by farmers, i.e. cultural determinants of these varieties - were probably maintained over time. Sweet potato is essentially propagated clonally by farmers. However, it also maintained active sexual reproduction. Our genetic data demonstrate that the impressive numbers of cultivars found nowadays in Oceania mainly derive from independent recombination events and from the local selection of true-seed plants. In some regions, this diversification process even lead to the emergence of secondary diversity centers, as exemplified by New Guinea highlands
Mury, Florence. "Les échelles des renaissances culturelles en Polynésie française." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LIMO0113.
Full textIn Oceania, the cultural renaissances are very often tackled in the researches (namely French ones) from the standpoint of the « invention of tradition », from a perspective that favours a methodological nationalism, playing down their epistemic scope. In order to allow the full reception of those cultural renaissances in the scientific field, this thesis roots itself in a decolonial approach and sets those processes in the following theoretical frame: the enunciation of a difference. While focusing on the study of Tahitian, Marquesan and Mangarevan cultural renaissances (in French Polynesia), I report on the geographical dimension of those movements. To cut short the linear and historicist approach, I develop a scalar analysis (most of the time spatial scales, but also temporal ones) of the enunciation of those differences. After reminding the existence of controversies regarding mā’ohi cultural nationalism and the primacy of the archipelago scale in the development of different cultural renaissances in French Polynesia, I highlight how this territory fringes benefit from a reconsideration, throughout those processes. On a smaller scale, I question the low spread of the Oceania perspective, often neglected for the benefit of a subregionalism centered on the “Polynesia triangle”. This leads me to consider the possibility, even the slightest one, that those cultural renaissances, while falling within dominant scalar and territorial order, could pose a critical and mobilizing load, able to subvert a statu quo, marked by coloniality
Vandeputte-Tavo, Leslie. "D' une fonction véhiculaire à une fonction identitaire : trajectoire du bislama au Vanuatu (Mélanésie)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0629.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the place of Bislama in the linguistic lanscape of the Republic of Vanuatu. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted mainly in the multilingual context of the capital Port-Vila. It examines Bislama's situation in different social fields: politics, religion, communication tools (media, telephony, internet) and school. It analyzes the representations of Bislama and language practices associated with it. The approach highlights the linguistic ideologies underlying ambivalence of representations and practices of the national language by its speakers. These ideologies explain the "unrecognized recognition" of Bislama and show the complexity power relations at work in a postcolonial context where pluridiglossic conflict emerges. Implicitly, by examining the importance of the national language, the representations of the nation and the national identification process through a common language are better understood
Hoffmann, Marie. "Les collections océaniennes des musées du Nord - Pas-de-Calais : étude comparée de la mise en place des collections ethnographiques régionales à partir de celle du Musée de Boulogne-sur-Mer." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H010/document.
Full textThe history of the collections has been a main focus in the Museum Studies since the late 20th century. However, despite having been inventoried in the 1980s, the past of pacific collections is still mainly undiscovered, the process of their incorporation into the museum unkown. It is mostly due to the eventful history of inventories and collection managments. Museum curators often encounter objects unumbered, labels unconnected to any artifact, several numbers for the same object... But is displaying an object detached from any historical background a viable option ? Or should we always consider its history and the way it became a museum piece ? Our goal is to relate the pacific collections past, looking through the archives, unraveling the steps these artifacts took from the Pacific to Northern France. The diversity and profusion of pacific material in the North and Pas-de-Calais departments account for our regional focus. Our main point of interest is the collectors and donators, men and women who took part to the history of the artifacts, in the contexte of the notable socialibity. We highlight the way these objects came to enter the inventory of the museum, the way they were perceived by the administrations and the public, but also the way they were displayed. The two main institutions in our study are the Museums of Boulogne-sur-Mer and Douai. Both are rich in archives material and the tragic destiny of the second warrant this pre- eminence. The Hôtel Sandelin of Saint-Omer, Dunkerque Fine Arts and Lille Natural History Museums are the three other study cases presented in our thesis. Our time frame is mainly set on the 19th century, with a starting point at the creation of the first institution, the Boulogne- sur-Mer Museum
Hochet, Antoine. "Les enjeux de l'aide publique au développement au Vanuatu." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0667.
Full textThis article aims at drafting an analysis of the issues of official development aid in Vanuatu. We will notably question the donors' modalities of aid delivering in the light of local priorities of this Pacific island Micro-state among the most assisted per capita in the world. The analysis of aid's effects fed a large literature, often controversial within the academic, political and mediatic fields, in particular in Africa and by granting an important weight to culture explaining under-development and poverty. The analysis of field data hathered during two years at the Vanuatu Cultural centre, national institution in charge of the implementation of cultural and scientific research policies, and the socio-anthropological approach, applied in an unprecedented and exploratory way, will lead to highlight links between aid and culture. Concentrated on project' "side effects", this study will allow to modelize the issue of aid appropriation in a region where knowledge regimes of development's experts turn out to be hardly accessible for locals
Sirven, Hélène. "L'Image de l’Océanie à travers la revue Le Tour du monde (1860-1914) : figures de l’exotisme." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010529.
Full textBetween 1860 and 1914, the magazine "Le Tour du monde" provides with its wealth of illustrated texts, ideal source material for an exploration of the French imagination, post and present. Among the regions described is Oceania. This complex configuration of alluring images feeds an exoticism that was born of the Enlightenment, fashioned by the contradictions of industrial age and sustained throughout the colonial massacres. The antipodean travelogues of "Le Tour du monde" provide a filter for a reality that is no more. They invite us to journey in space and time through the subtle interplay of image and narrative and so bring us to an awareness of our own foreignness. The publication is a mine of information as well as a vast and unique map but above all it highlights the essential value of the fragment. For it is the fragment alone that can enable us delicately to grasp that which eludes us, the real world. Through a study of "Le Tour du monde" we can explore one of the facets of the history of representation : our perception of the foreigner. We can reassess this figure that is at once our other self and an openness. And it is only through the horizontal discipline of human science that we may even contemplate this labyrinthic journey
Riou, Virginie. "Trajectoires pseudo-coloniales : les Français du condominium franco-anglais des ex-Nouvelles-Hébrides (Vanuatu) de la fin du XIXe siècle à l'entre deux guerres." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0573.
Full textOgès, Audrey. "Violences coloniales et écriture de la transgression : études des oeuvres de Déwé Görödé et Chantal Spitz." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NCAL0063.
Full textThe literatures of formely colonised countries, also known as (postcolonial studies", have developed an original mode of expression, overstepping some limits. The notion of transgresseion refers to the breaking of rules, codes, while implying at the same time the existence of a norm to conformto. Bearing on Patrick Sultan's analyses, we have come to the conclusion that the notion of transgression can be found everywhere in postcolonial literary works, be it political, discursive, social, linguistic or literary. Postcolonial authors define themselves by their strained relationship with the established order. In other words, their choice of standing against colonial heritage is the aim and condition of their very exixtence. Still, the French language paradoxically remains the norm, the language of expression. Against this backdrop, Déwé Görödé and Chantal Spitz, a kanak and Polynésian author respectively, use their work to subvert the norms, the codes and the forms related to the French Culture, thereby gaining a new form of freedom. This finds expression in their writing, where the rejection of norms i all pervasive and underlies a transgression of genres, a deconstruction of grammar codes, the author's resorting to linguistic forms perceived as "colloquial or popular", the expression of revolt and violence. Moreover, the authors choose subversive characters. A careful study of these women's works has allowed me to show that this transgressive literary form, which bears the marks of colonialism, carries a parodixal joy : the gravity of the political discourse may well be interspersed with lighter passage, where the two authors play with words, and create their own turns of phrase, neologisms and puns. Therefore, their extremely powerful writing reveals remarkable verbal playfullness with words
Buttet, Catherine. "Histoire d'un échec ? : mise en valeur et pouvoirs publics en Nouvelle-Calédonie (1870-1914)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10078.
Full textHenri, Agnès. "Eléments de description d'une langue mélanésienne du Vanuatu, le sungwadia." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040183.
Full textThis PHD thesis consists in a description of Sun̄wadia, a melanesian language spoken in Maewo Island, Central-NorthVanuatu (South-Pacific). It is based on two fieldworks of three months each.This language exhibits, in a variable extension, some of the typical characters of the austronesian languages: it has a personal article, tends towards omnipredicativity; the argumental structure of the verb undergoes modifications via a few morphemes related to the applicative systems of languages that are situated higher in the genetic tree of the family. The language also has the typical pronominal system of austronesian languages.Sun̄wadia is a relatively conservative language, on the phonemic level at least, but its morphology appears to be quite eroded (there aren't any verbal conjugation, nor any nominal declension, nor any morphological marking of number on the noun). This thesis is organised in six parts. The first one studies phonemics, morphophonemics, and the morphological structure of the Sun̄wadia word, as well as sandhi phenomenon. The second part concerns the parts of speech and lays down some syntaxic grounds that will be useful to the rest of the study. The last four parts review the substantival syntagm, the functioning of predication (which is mostly built around serial verbs constructions); the temporal, spatial, and circumstantial reference, and, lastly, the global organisation of the clause. The thesis comes with a short excerpt of our oral corpus (a dozen of pages)
Mohamed-Gaillard, Sarah. "La politique de la France dans le Pacifique sud de 1946 à la fin des années 1990." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040203.
Full textFrom 1946 to the end of the nineties, the presence of France in South Pacific has caused many debates either in its territories, in the region or in the international organizations. Our study of French policy is based on these three scales, which is particularly relevant to compare it with he policy lead by the other countries in the area. After the Second World War, France puts an end to the colonial statute of these islands and starts to take part carefully on a regional scene strongly marked by the United States. Because of its new policy toward its territories, France turns out to be a rather progressive nation in the area. However, the setting of the Centre d'Expérimentation du Pacifique and the will of power from the 5th Republic destroyed the effort previously performed. Then, France reinforces its statutory links with its islands, which constitutes also with the nuclear tests a cause of dispute in the area. These two demonstrations of its presence cause many controversies and insulate the France and its territories on the regional scene. Hence, the decision taken by France in its territories also have an impact on its foreign policy in the whole area. Due to strained relations, the policy of France is mainly defensive. One must wait until the mid-nineties so that these conflicts are solved and to see France works out an active policy. It is thus after half a century of tries and polemics that France finally begins to legitimate its presence in the South Pacific
Lord-Daunay, Clara. "Amphidromie, endémisme et dispersion : traits d'histoire de vie et histoire évolutive du genre Sicyopterus (Teleostei : Gobioidei : Sicydiinae)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0027.
Full textIn the Indo-Pacific areas, the Caribbean region and West Africa, insular river systems are inhabited by gobioids of the Sicydiinae sub-family with a fascinating life cycle adapted to the ecological conditions prevailing in these distinctive habitats, namely, young oligotrophic rivers subject to extreme climatic and hydrological seasonal variations. These species spawn in freshwater, then the free embryos drift downstream to the sea where they undergo a planktonic phase before returning with an impressive rock climbing ability to the rivers to grow and reproduce. Hence, these species are referred to as amphidromous. The phylogenetic analysis undertaken in this PhD thesis supports the monophyly of this sub-family. This result has allowed us to formulate hypotheses concerning the origin of the group’s diversification and to improve our knowledge of the Sicyopterus genus in general. Three species were studied: Sicyopterus lagocephalus is a cosmopolitan species with its distribution area extending across the entire Indo-Pacific area; S. Sarasini is endemic to New Caledonia; while S. Aiensis is endemic to Vanuatu. Three otolith analysis techniques were used to expand our understanding of these species’ life history traits. Otolith shape analysis enabled us to determine the effects of environmental factors on the shape of these calcified structures and to identify the effect of genetic factors. Microchemical analysis of the Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios in the otolith revealed the existence of different adult migratory behaviours in the river. These behavioural patterns ensure successful adult habitat colonisation and reproduction. Finally, otolith microstructural analyses, coupled with a phylogeographic study, provided additional elements concerning the marine phase of these three species, which is very important in terms of their dispersion and distribution. For instance, the marine period is twice as long for the cosmopolitan species as for the endemic species, although all have the ability to disperse far from their emission location. For the cosmopolitan species, no evidence of genetic structure was found in the Central Pacific Zone (CPZ), whereas a strong structure was revealed between the CPZ and French Polynesia and between the CPZ and the Indian Ocean, indicating the presence of physical barriers to dispersion. These studies show that dispersion is the most important life history trait in the persistence and the evolution of these taxa. The plasticity in the adult behaviour coupled with strong dispersion abilities contributes to maintaining these species by allowing them to adapt to unfavourable conditions and by sustaining the connectivity between populations (to the extent physical barriers allow). However, extinction for these species cannot be ruled out given the high anthropic pressure that may come to bear on their insular river system habitats. The results presented in this PhD thesis have obvious implications in terms of conservation, in light of which it is recommended that management be levelled at the entire distribution range of these fragile and patrimonial species
Naepels, Michel. "Conflits fonciers et rapports sociaux dans la région de Houailou (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0067.
Full textThe aim of my work is to account for the present social situation within the houailou area (new caledonia) through one of its characteristic features, the land conflicts. The description of these conflicts presupposes an account of their sociological and historical backgrounds, thus they form a very productive tool in the study of the present social and political relations within this area. It was essential to present the constitution of the question of land in new caledonia before describing chronologically the social change resulting from the french arrival. Concurrently, i tried to describe the social logics and dynamics which make the land a place where both prestige and identity are at stake. Then i scrutinized the concrete forms of the land conflicts which reveal the confrontation of local influences and principles of legitimatization. Moreover, i tried to couple this empirical description with a reflection about the statute of the ethnographic inquiry and about the production of proofs in social anthropology
Zongo, Paul Humuni. "Caractéristiques anthropométriques et physiologiques des jeunes Kanak : influence du mode de vie sur la santé en nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0207/document.
Full textThe New Caledonian people have undergone profound changes over the last thirty years with a quick changing environment and population lifestyle. These changes have a determining role in the evolution of the body composition evolution and physical condition for adults but also for adolescents and especially kanak adolescents. Indeed, young Kanak live, for some, in a rural environment in tribes and, for others, in an urban environment. This implies different behaviours depending on their living place. Thus, we focused our work on this youth (aged 11 to 30) by studying the body composition (anthropometric data) and the physiological variables (physical fitness and physical activity) in federal sports and schools. The studies led us to the conclusion that: 1) kanak athletes are shorter, more agile and explosive, and are better at repeating sprints with and without change of direction compared to young non-Kanak athletes. 2) These young kanak athletes are able to practice in high intensity efforts with a significant capacity for recovery, without affecting their well-being during a high level competition. 3) For adolescents aged 11 to 16, the rural environment is suitable for high physical activity and physical fitness, particularly among boys. However, a significant fat mass accumulation among girls living in rural and urban areas as well as urban boys has been observed. These data suggest a change in adolescent behaviors. The work findings highlight the importance in developing a health education policy aimed at behavioral changes in lifestyle (diet, physical activity and time spent inactive) among the kanak youth
Wadrawane, Eddy. "L'école aux marges de la tribu : approche anthropologique des stratégies d'accueil et d'intégration de l'institution scolaire en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Provinces Nord et Iles)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21769/document.
Full text"Here is the school of leadership. Teachers are appointed with the consent of the tribe and chiefdom. Here, there is a great leader, the small head and the pastor and after administration [...]. The school, it belongs to gavaman (Governor). This has been going. It's all in the domain of Ledran (public space). But all this rests on our land. " The response of the dignitary of the tribe of Padawa on Maré Island in New Caledonia, Monday, March 3, 1983 raised the triggers for reflection on the spatial arrangement of the school Kanak tribe. The expression used by the dignitary clannish, "it sits on our land," even if it makes us confused about the spatial location of the school, however it gives us the opportunity of a social anthropological approach and an angle review reports progressive policy related to the history of inclusion and integration of groups and Aboriginal objects in space. The preposition "on" position involves what is on the surface of what is under the authority transient, as opposed to internally; "under" customary land is space, space for rooting. The dichotomy between "on" and "below" refers to spatial concepts such as greeting and welcoming, understood as a representation of order of arrival in the socialized space, the tribe. This order of occupation becomes a strong argument for the claim to legitimacy among Aboriginal people themselves and between indigenous and others. The vital microespaces are managed according to the order of integration and localization of objects or groups of the collective. This distinction occupying space can then elucidate the paradoxical location of the school to the example of one of the tribe of Padawa, which alone, like a border guard post on the borders of the tribe. Nothing is less straightforward in the Kanak community where space and its management are not ephemera even evanescent. Based on the qualitative method through social discursively, our thoughts on the place of the school in kanak tribes not only probes into the indigenous intention to paradoxically posit the infrastructure but also, because it opposes two different kinds of space - esoteric and exoteric, into the way indigenous knowledge, scholar knowledge and island knowledge may come into competition in not so clear strategies of the political anthropologization of space, generated by a combination of perspectives. The sake of research of dynamic equilibrium, following the integration of school space by rewording and rearrangement lead to the emergence Standing under barycentric space built and implicitly expected by the Agreements, modern space that we would like appoint, Public Space of the country, where new space is dialogic discourse to confront various cultural texts and complex. In addition, our analysis would reconsider these complex spaces indigenous identity when, in the context of parole "unbalancing" the native risk his extradition in a suffocating world of formatting, in which everything is a pretext to swallow what is identity, as form of dehumanization by dispossessing the ability to think ... ... and the world as noble human activity. Would not that our challenge?
Combettes, Claire. "Découvrir et occuper un archipel : dynamique des relations des premiers habitants au Vanuatu avec le milieu naturel : étude palynologique de dépôts holocènes." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0003/document.
Full textThe first settlers reached the Remote Oceania (east of the Solomon Islands) quite recently, around 3000 yr BP. There are several hypotheses concerning the causes of these migrations, and environmental changes have to be taken into account in the settlement proceeding. The arrival of populations on pristine islands has an influence on the native fauna and flora, but landscape responses to human impact vary for each site examined. The aims of this research are to describe the human influence on the environment since the first migrations, to discriminate the climate impact, which causes theses migrations and the landscape modification during the late Holocene; then, to characterize the human behaviour and adaptation on pristine island. To answer this problem, two palustrine cores, collected in Efate Island (central Vanuatu) were studied: the Emaotfer Swamp and the Otas Lake.I have mainly used pollen and micro-charcoal analyses to reconstruct the arboreal and herbaceous vegetation found around the sites. I have also conducted of past temperatures and rainfalls reconstructions thanks to density probability functions. At the climatic level, these analyses highlight a warm and wet period until 3700 cal yr BP. Then, a increase in magnitude and number of El Niño events caused a drier environment. Between 1950 and 750-600 cal yr BP, the results reveal a more humid climate, associated with the decrease in El Niño frequency and magnitude. The climatic variations recorded by the Otas Lake and the Emaotfer Swamp vegetation show a new dry period after 750-600 cal yr BP, corresponding to the Little Ice Age.Lapita people reached Efate Island ca. 3000 cal yr BP under frequent and sustained El Niño events. During this period, easterly winds stopped and favoured eastward sail. These results support the hypothesis of eastward migrations under low trade winds. The first settlers were seafarers and fishers-gatherers, they had little impact on the environment. A new population settled the Emaotfer Swamp from 1500-1300 cal yr BP, developed medicinal, ceremonial and food plants cultivations and has probably practiced slash and burn agriculture. This group lived under humid climate, also more suitable to the development of horticulture. Our results show the adaptive capacity of populations to new environmental and climatic constraints. The complementary of the pollen and micro-charcoal analyses deliver rather complete information on the palaeoenvironment, the Human-climate-vegetation relations and the emergence of the human impact. For future researches, it will be necessary to obtain more information on the pollen rain for a maximum of taxa, the ecological needs of plant species and the specific climate parameters for each island, to develop a robust model of past landscapes, climates and land-use (project LandCover6k)
Morel-Lab, Anne. "Les passeurs de langues, acteurs de l'interculturel en milieu professionnel plurilingue. Le cas des projets miniers en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NCAL0060/document.
Full textThe construction phases of the big mining projects which developed in New Caledonia during the last decade, in margin (for the South project) or in the frame (for the North project) of the process set up by the “Accord de Nouméa”, constitute an exemplary field of study to observe and analyze the complexity of the phenomena of the plurilingualism and the intercultural practices in professional situation. The thesis led in a parallel to an activity of service provider within these multicultural spaces, deals with the question: how do the plurilingual linguistic skills of the local actors contribute to the resolution of the linguistic and cultural gaps when working in a globalized world? The results of the research enlighten the importance of the specific experimented knowledges of the languages go-between, actors in discreet function in administrative positions and their ability to act as a wordforce essential to the organization which employs them. It doing the thesis tries to highlight the sociolinguistic challenges bound to the transformations of the working world at this beginning of XXIth century
Blais, Hélène. "Les voyages français dans le Pacifique : pratique de l'espace, savoirs géographiques et expansion coloniale : (1815-1845)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0049.
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