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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocimum tenuiflorum'

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Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

C. M., Mohan Gowda, Sasi Kumar Murugan, Bharathi Bethapudi, Divya Purusothaman, Deepak Mundkinajeddu, and Prashanth D’Souza. "Ocimum tenuiflorum extract (HOLIXERTM): Possible effects on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in modulating stress." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (2023): e0285012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285012.

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Ocimum tenuiflorum is a sacred medicinal plant bestowed with multiple health benefits. This plant is traditionally considered an adaptogen. Many scientific studies have indicated the anti-stress potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum but with higher doses. The present study investigated the effects of HolixerTM (a clinically studied standardized Ocimum tenuiflorum extract) on modulating stress using two in vivo models, namely the swim endurance study in mice and forced swim test in rats. In addition, we explored the mechanism of action of HolixerTM on the HPA axis using two in vitro cell-based assays to check for its inhibitory effect on cortisol release and CRF1 receptor antagonistic activity. Ocimum tenuiflorum extract enhanced the swimming time in mice, reduced the stress-induced increase in immobility time, and prevented the increase in corticosterone in rats subjected to the forced swim test. Further, Ocimum tenuiflorum extract inhibited cortisol release and exhibited a significant CRF1 receptor antagonist activity. Thus, Ocimum tenuiflorum extract was found effective in managing stress, and the effect could be due to the inhibition of cortisol release and the antagonistic effect on the CRF1 receptors.
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2

I.P.Pandey, Shweta Tyagi. "Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum." Universities' Journal of Phytochemistry and Ayurvedic Heights 1, no. 30 (2021): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51129/ujpah-june2021-30-1(9).

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Abstract-The medicinal plants are useful for healing and curing of human diseases. Over 55% of all modern clinical drugs are of natural product origin. The plant, Ocimum tenuiflorum is highly used by the people of whole world specially Indians to cure various disorders because of the presence of phytochemical constituents. Ocimum tenuiflorum plant is known to possess anticancer, antispasmodic, antiviral, insecticide, antiseptic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antistress, Immunomodulatory, hypotensive and antioxidant properties. The present study reveals that various secondary metabolites such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, antraquenone , fats and oils and steroids are present in different leaf extract of the plant. Keywords: Ocimum tenuiflorum , secondary metabolites, clinical drug
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3

Singh, Jay Prakash, Subhashish Tripathy, Saloni Srivastava, and Veerendra Kumar Chaurasia. "Isolation, Characterization and Determination of Structural Composition of Ocimum Tenuiflorum (Krishna Tulsi Plant) by IR, NMR, Mass Spectroscopy." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 15, no. 03 (2024): 1989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.15.3.133.

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therapeutic and medicinal uses. This evergreen leaf, which is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, is well known around the world for its versatility and capacity to treat a wide range of illnesses. Objective: The primary goal of this bioanalytical investigation is to identify and structurally clarify the principal phytoconstituents found in the Ocimum tenuiflorum ethanolic extract. Method: In this phyto-analysis, spectral analysis was used to clarify the structure of the phytoconstituents that were extracted from the Ocimum tenuiflorum plant using column chromatography. Result and Conclusion: Using spectrum analysis (I.R., NMR, and mass spectroscopy), two significant isolates from Ocimum tenuiflorum, Apigenin and Carnosic Acid, were found and their structures clarified.
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4

Manaswini, N. K., S. Nazneen, Garige Baba Shankar Rao, Boggula Narender, Bakshi Vasudha, and Manda Ram Mohan. "Evaluation of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum phenolic ethereal oils for In-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (2019): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2383.

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Aim: The present study is aimed to evaluate in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity of phenolic ethereal oils like Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum).
 Materials and methods: A total of 500 g of fresh leaves and dried flower buds of Tulsi and Clove were subjected to hydro-distillation method for 6 h using Clevenger’s apparatus. The isolated ethereal oils were used for testing the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by using albumin denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µl/ml and anti-bacterial activity against two gram positive microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative microorganisms (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli) at concentrations 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml by adopting cup plate method.
 Results: The isolated ethereal oils exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect and also inhibited the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms at 50 µl/ml, 100 µl/ml and 200 µl/ml concentrations.
 Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the effectiveness of Phenolic ethereal oils isolated from Clove and Tulsi. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) showed enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity compared to Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum). The present study provides evidence that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Syzygium aromaticum; Phenolic ethereal oils contain medicinally important bioactive components justifying its traditional use.
 Keywords: Phenolic ethereal oils, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, Ociumm tenuiflorum, Syzygium aromaticum.
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5

Swari, Dewa Ayu Made Adnya, Ni Putu Udayana A, and Ni Made Dharma Shantini S. "STABILITY COMPARISON OF TULASI (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) LEAF GEL HAND SANITIZER USING 0.5% AND 1% CMC-Na." Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application 2, no. 1 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jpsa.2020.v02.i01.p04.

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Background: Hand sanitizers contain 62% alcohol, softener and moisturizer. High alcohol content is able to irritate and make hands dry. A suitable moisturizer is needed for this preparation. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the physical quality of gel hand sanitizer formulation of Ocimum tenuiflorum with CMC-Na as a gelling agent at a concentration of 0.5% and 1% CMC-Na. Methods: Data were collected at week-0,1,2,3,4, and replication is performed three times at each concentration of each measurement. The test results of the spread and adhesion data analysis using SPSS with a 95% confidence level. Results: Dispersive power and adhesion showed no significant difference (p <0.05) at week 0 and week 4 means second-hand sanitizer gel formulation concentration is not stable. Gel hand sanitizer leaves of Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) at a concentration of 1% CMC-Na stable from week 0 to week 3, while the concentration of 0.5% CMC-Na change at week 2. Gel hand sanitizer leaves of Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) with a gelling agent CMC-Na should need to be titrated. Conclusion: Gel hand sanitizer leaves of Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) that use concentrations of 1% CMC-Na as a gelling agent have a physical quality that is more stable than the organoleptic test concentration of 0.5% CMC-Na.
 Keywords: Hand sanitizer, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., CMC-Na, Physical quality evaluation
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6

Osei-Owusu, Jonathan, William K. Heve, Owusu Fordjour Aidoo, et al. "Repellency Potential, Chemical Constituents of Ocimum Plant Essential Oils, and Their Headspace Volatiles against Anopheles gambiae s. s., Malaria Vector." Journal of Chemistry 2023 (July 14, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3848998.

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African malaria mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto) transmit a malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) to humans. The current control strategies for the vector have mainly focussed on synthetic products, which negatively impact the environment and human health. Given the potential use of environmentally friendly plant-derived volatiles as a control, this work aims to examine and compare the repellency potential of essential oils and headspace volatiles from Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Ocimum basilicum and their chemical compositions. The repellency potential and chemical composition of the plants were achieved by using the protected arm-in-cage method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Among the three Ocimum species, both the essential oils and the headspace volatiles from O. tenuiflorum achieved the longest repellency time lengths of 90–120 minutes. One hundred and one (101) chemical constituents were identified in the headspace volatiles of the three Ocimum spp. Nonetheless, (−)-camphor, (E)-γ-bisabolene, terpinolene, β-chamigrene, cubedol, (E)-farnesol, germacrene D-4-ol, viridiflorol, γ-eudesmol, tetracyclo [6.3.2.0 (2,5).0(1,8)] tridecan-9-ol, 4,4-dimethyl, α-eudesmol, isolongifolol, and endo-borneol were unique only to O. tenuiflorum headspace volatiles. Either essential oils or headspace volatiles from O. tenuiflorum could offer longer protection time length to humans against An. gambiae. Though field studies are needed to assess the complementarity between the chemical constituents in the headspace volatiles of O. tenuiflorum, our observations provide a foundation for developing effective repellents against An. gambiae.
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7

Nagbanshi, Durgesh, and Akshya Kumar Mishra. "Variation of Chlorophyll Content Among the Different Tulsi Species Found in Nuapada District, Odisha." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (2024): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.5.

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The Tulsi plant, also known as Holy Basil, is a sacred herb in Hinduism and is revered for its medicinal properties as well. It belongs to the Lamiaceae (mint) family and is native to the Indian subcontinent. Tulsi is widely cultivated and is found in many Hindu households where it is worshipped daily. In this work there was an attempt to made to find out chlorophyll content of different Tulsi species found in Nuapada district, Odisha. In this work we were compare chlorophyll pigment of 4 different species of tulsi of Nuapda such as Ocimum tenuiflorum (black tulshi), Ocimum sanctum (green tulshi), Ocimum basilcum (dohna) and Ocimum gratissuma (van tulshi). Among them maximum total chlorophyll content found in Ocimum tenuifflorum And list in Ocimum sanctum. The chlorophyll a found maximum in Ocimum basilcum. And minimum in Ocimum gratissuma.The chlorophyll b found maximum in Ocimum basilcum and minimum in Ocimum tenuiflorum. The total chlorophyll found Ocimum gratissum and minimum in Ocimum sanctum. Such type of work provides us data regarding distribution of chlorophyll in different species of a genera.
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8

Kasmara, Dwi Pratiwi, Nurbaiti Br Singarimbun, and Susi Amenta Beru Perangin-Angin. "Ocimum Tenuiflorum Linne: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Nursing Information 3, no. 1 (2024): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.58418/ijni.v3i1.62.

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Indonesia's diverse flora offers significant potential for medicinal plant production, yet reliance on anecdotal experiences prompts a deeper examination. This study focuses on Ruku-ruku (Ocimum Tenuiflorum Linne), traditionally a culinary herb in West Sumatra. Despite its local culinary use, Ruku-ruku remains largely unexplored for medicinal properties, emphasizing the importance of phytochemical screening to uncover its therapeutic potential. Ocimum Sanctum, known as Holy Basil or Tulsi, holds sacred status in India and boasts a rich history documented in ancient medical texts. This study aimed to review the evidence for therapeutic efficacy and botanical and chemical aspects. The research methodology, employing a narrative literature review, assesses 40 studies (2015-2023). Results underscore Tulsi's holistic benefits, covering metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and cognitive health, infections, cancer prevention, oral health, wound healing, and weight management. Diverse formulations, from essential oils to capsules and gels, highlight the extensive applications of Ocimum Tenuiflorum Linne. The study explores botanical and chemical aspects, including shoot induction and essential oil extraction. Ocimum Sanctum's adaptogenic and antimicrobial properties are discussed, showcasing its potential under stress conditions and against various infections. In conclusion, this review stresses the vast therapeutic potential of Ocimum Tenuiflorum Linne, urging further research to unlock its full medicinal benefits. Integrating traditional wisdom with modern science positions these plants as valuable subjects for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications, potentially addressing contemporary health challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This research contributes to providing information about Ocimum Tenuiflorum Linne and its benefits for health care as therapeutic properties.
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9

Deogade, Meena Shamrao, and Prasad KSR. "Standardization of wild Krushnatulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn) Leaf." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 10, no. 1 (2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v10i1.1172.

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Background: For acceptance and globalization of Ayurveda there is needed to analyze herbal drugs according to modern techniques. Assessment of complete and accurate pharmacognostical study of herbs used in Ayurveda provides scientific basis of its quality. Objectives: To standardize the Kushnatulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn/ Ocimum sanctum L) collected from wild. Materials and Methods: The present study includes organoleptic, microscopic physicochemical, phytochemical and chromatographic examination of leaf of Kushnatulasi. Results: macro and microscopic, organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical and chromatographic findings are observed as per API in present study. Conclusion: Standardization of Krushnatulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn) is useful in authentication of genuine drug.
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10

OPOOLA, James T., and Matthew OZIEGBE. "Characterization of Ocimum tenuiflorum (Linn.) Morpho-types Using RAPD Markers." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 11, no. 4 (2019): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb11410590.

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Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant with a lot of potential medicinally, industrially and domestically. There are different morpho-types of O. tenuiflorum, with different shades of purple pigment on their leaves. Very few studies have been done to study the genetic variation among O. tenuiflorum morpho-types. Thus, in the present study, four O. tenuiflorum morpho-types that varied in pigmentation were characterised using RAPD marker as a molecular tool. Eight different primers collectively amplified 64 bands in the four morpho-types analysed. The RAPD technique revealed that the varied amount of purple pigment in O. tenuiflorum morpho-types is not due to environmental factor alone. The UPGMA clustering algorithm based on RAPD data grouped the four morpho-types into two major groups, with O. tenuiflorum (T2) with very light purple leaves and stem morpho-type, more related to O. tenuiflorum (T3) that have deep purple leaves and stem. The result was able to show the phylogenetic relationships within the species. The low level of genetic diversity observed in O. tenuiflorum can be attributed to the mode of reproduction and the reproductive biology of the species, due to the fact that they are likely to be natural hybrids produced through cross pollination.
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11

C, Roopa, Shreya Melgiri, and Dr Trilok Chandran. "Downstream Processing of Secondary Metabolite Extraction from Medicinal Plants (Tinospora cordifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Asparagus racemosus, Bacopa monnieri): Optimization and Equipment Utilization." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 02 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28615.

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Tinosoporacordifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum,Asparagus racemosus and Bacopa monnieri are all important and plants with significant medicinal propertiesfrom these plants secondary metabolites extracts were derived and TLC characterization was done. This paper delves into the intricate downstream processing steps and the utilization of specialized equipment in the extraction and purification of secondary metabolites from four medicinal plants: Tinospora cordifolia, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Asparagus racemosus, and Bacopa monnieri. The study emphasizes the optimization of extraction methods, purification techniques, and the role of specific equipment in enhancing the efficiency of the downstream processing workflow.
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12

Panda, Pragyanshree, and Alka Mehta. "Aflatoxin Detoxification Potential of Ocimum Tenuiflorum." Journal of Food Safety 33, no. 3 (2013): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12048.

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13

Akter, Shamoly, Barna Goswami, Salim Khan, Shahina Akter, Sanjida Rahman Mollika, and Tanjina Akhtar Banu. "Rapid micropropagation, antioxidant and antibacterial assays of Ocimum spp." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (2020): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49332.

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In vitro micropropagation was studied in two species of Ocimum and one species was used for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The maximum number of shoots/explant (10.1 and 9.5) was induced in MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l Kn and MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA in Ocimum tenuiflorum and O. americanum, respectively. GA3 (0.1 mg/l) was found to be effective for shoot induction and elongation in both the species. Strong and stout root formation was observed on half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l IBA for O. tenuiflorum and half strength MS + 0.5 mg/l NAA for O. americanum. Methanolic leaf extract of O. tenuiflorum showed high inhibition of DPPH activity compared to standard antioxidants like quercetin and the chloroform leaf extracts exhibited wide range of antibacterial activity.
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14

Ajwa, M. Asim, A. Sami, J. Hafeez, S. Zia, and F. Hussain. "CHEMICAL FINGERPRINT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF OCIMUM BASILICUM AND OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM." Pakistan Journal of Science 76, no. 02 (2024): 240–48. https://doi.org/10.57041/vol76iss02pp240-248.

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The present study investigated the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, along with the chemical composition of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves in different solvents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using phenolic, flavonoid contents and DPPH free radical scavenging assays that revealed ethyl acetate as the most effective solvent with a DPPH scavenging rate of 60.07% and 77.84% respectively for both plants. Both basil species exhibited moderate antioxidant effects, with significant variations (P < 0.05) in flavonoid and phenolic contents. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli was demonstrated using the agar well diffusion method, resulting in zones of 12 mm and 10 mm inhibition for S. aureus, and 14mm and 7mm for E. coli respectively for O. basilicum and O. tenuiflorum. Furthermore, aqueous extracts exhibited promising antidiabetic activity, with maximum percentages of 97.31% ± 0.03, 91.03% ± 0.01 glycation inhibitions and 51.13% ± 0.03, 55.13% ±0.03 alpha amylase inhibitions respectively. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis identified quercetin and gallic acid as principal components, while Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy showed the presence of phenols, carboxylic acids, and amines groups. This comprehensive investigation underscores the potential pharmacological significance of these plants in the context of antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic therapy.
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15

Kumar, Amit, Vereena Rodrigues, Priyanka Mishra, et al. "ISSR-Derived Species-Specific SCAR Marker for Rapid and Accurate Authentication of Ocimum tenuiflorum L." Planta Medica 84, no. 02 (2017): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-116853.

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Abstract Ocimum tenuiflorum has been widely used in traditional medicine and has high medicinal value. High volume trade of this potential medicinal plant species led to unscrupulous adulteration of both crude drugs as well as formulations. Morphology-based authentication is difficult in cases of incomplete or damaged samples and in dried herbal materials. In such cases, PCR-based molecular methods may aid in accurate identification. The present study aimed at developing species-specific DNA marker(s) for the authentication of O. tenuiflorum. A species-specific amplicon (279 bp) generated through an inter-simple sequence repeat marker (UBC 835) in all individuals of O. tenuiflorum was cloned, sequenced, and a primer pair was developed (designated as CIM-OT-835F/CIM-OT-835R). The newly developed sequence characterized amplified region marker was validated through PCR amplification in all available seven species of Ocimum, and its specificity for O. tenuiflorum was confirmed with the consistent generation of an amplicon of 177 bp. The developed marker can be used for accurate and rapid identification of the species for certification purposes and will be useful in quality control of medicinal preparations containing this important medicinal species.
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Biswas, Trayee, and Sandip Mukhopadhyay. "Comparison of different cytological parameters of three species of Ocimum." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 4 (2020): 1163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52654.

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Karyomorphological analysis of three species of the genus Ocimum (O. basilicum L., O. americanum L. and O. tenuiflorum L.) was carried out. Gross chromosome morphology of these species are nearly sub metacentric (Sm), nearly metacentric (m) and metacentric (M) in nature. The high values of mean chromosome length, total chromosome length of O. americanum followed by O. basilicum show their primitiveness. Whereas, lower values of these parameters in O. tenuiflorum denotes evolved nature of the species. All the three species of Ocimum showed high values of total forma percentage (TF%) in conjunction with low coefficient of variation (CV), which corresponds to the primitive status in the evolution of flowering plants and was placed in 3A class of Stebbins’ system, indicating the presence of symmetrical karyotype in them. Karyotyping along with UPGMA based dendrogram analysis clearly separated O. basilicum L. and O. americanum L. in one cluster and O. tenuiflorum L. in a separate cluster with greater Euclidian distance.
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17

Rajagopal, Ponnulakshmi. "Molecular docking analysis of PARγ with compounds from Ocimum tenuiflorum". Bioinformation 17, № 11 (2021): 928–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630017928.

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The ligand-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) has become a major target for type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which controls the expression of proteins involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and insulin sensitivity. Ocimum tenuiflorum, often known as Krishna tulsi, is the most sacred herb in India. It was utilized for a variety of medicinal purposes. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of PARγ modulators from Ocimum tenuiflorum. Four of the twenty substances (rosmarinic acid, permethrin, luteolin, and isosakuranetin) have a considerable binding affinity for the PPARγ. These phytochemicals are a source of potential anti-diabetic medicines.
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Stefan, Marius, Maria Zamfirache, Claudia Padurariu, Elena Trută, and Irina Gostin. "The composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils in three Ocimum species growing in Romania." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 6 (2013): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0171-8.

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AbstractIn this study the glandular hair morphology, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three Ocimum species have been investigated (Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum). The indumentum shows little variation among the investigated species with both glandular and non-glandular hairs presents. Glandular hairs on the three species are peltate and capitate (with various cell numbers in the stalk and gland). The samples of essential oils obtained from the plant aerial organs by hydrodistillation have been analyzed by GC-MS. Linalool (65.38%, 74.22%, 38.60%), eugenol (5.26%, 3.47%, 10.20%) and tau-cadinol (8.18%, 3.47%, 10.20%) appear as the main components in Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum. The oils also contain lower levels of α-bergamotene, 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, β-ocimene, α-caryophyllene, camphor, and α-guaiene. All essential oils showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli depending on their concentration. Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese oil produced the strongest antibacterial effect on S. aureus and E. coli.
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19

Martiz, Reshma Mary, Shashank M. Patil, Mohammed Abdulaziz, et al. "Defining the Role of Isoeugenol from Ocimum tenuiflorum against Diabetes Mellitus-Linked Alzheimer’s Disease through Network Pharmacology and Computational Methods." Molecules 27, no. 8 (2022): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082398.

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The present study involves the integrated network pharmacology and phytoinformatics-based investigation of phytocompounds from Ocimum tenuiflorum against diabetes mellitus-linked Alzheimer’s disease. It aims to investigate the mechanism of the Ocimum tenuiflorum phytocompounds in the amelioration of diabetes mellitus-linked Alzheimer’s disease through network pharmacology, druglikeness and pharmacokinetics, molecular docking simulations, GO analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy analyses. A total of 14 predicted genes of the 26 orally bioactive compounds were identified. Among these 14 genes, GAPDH and AKT1 were the most significant. The network analysis revealed the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway to be a prominent pathway linked to GAPDH with 50.53% probability. Upon the molecular docking simulation with GAPDH, isoeugenol was found to possess the most significant binding affinity (−6.0 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation results also predicted that isoeugenol forms a stable protein–ligand complex with GAPDH, where the phytocompound is predicted to chiefly use van der Waal’s binding energy (−159.277 kj/mol). On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that isoeugenol from Ocimum tenuiflorum could be taken for further in vitro and in vivo analysis, targeting GAPDH inhibition for the amelioration of diabetes mellitus-linked Alzheimer’s disease.
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20

Lam, S. N., G. D. Neda, and Rabeta M.S. "The anticancer effect of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaves." Food Research 2, no. 2 (2017): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.2(2).251.

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21

1Dr., Ganesh B. Labade 2Dr. Nilesh S. Dale 3Mr. Sudam N. Varpe and 4Mrs. Sonal N. Mhase 1. Dr. Ganesh B. Labade Assistant Professor Section of Agricultural Botany College of Agriculture Loni. 2Dr. Nilesh S. Dale Associate Professor Section of Entomology College of Agriculture Loni. 3Mr. Sudam N. Varpe Assistant Professor Section of Entomology College of Agriculture Loni. 4Mrs. Sonal N. Mhase Lecturer Electrical Engineering P.Dr.V. Vikhe Patil Institute of Technology and Engineering (Polytechnic) Loni.Maharashtra India. "IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi)." Multilogic in Science XV, no. XXXXXIV (2025): 60–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15279311.

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22

Rahmawati, Fri, and Hertina Silaban. "Bioactivity of Kemangi Leaves (Ocimum sanctum) and Ruku Leaves (Ocimum tenuiflorum)." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 5 (2021): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210558.

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Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum) is commonly used as a vegetable (fresh vegetables) and traditional medicine in Indonesia. Kemangi leaves have been empirically used as an alternative medicine for wound healing. Apart from kemangi, a morphologically similar plant to kemangi, namely ruku ruku, is often used by Indonesians as a cooking spice. The leaves of ruku ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum) have been empirically used in various alternative medicine, namely to treat fever, cough, gout, nerves, mouth sores, tinea versicolor, nausea and vomiting. The research was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal), antioxidants and phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of kemangi leaves and ruku ruku leaves. The extraction method used is the maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent. The antimicrobial test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. The bacteria used are Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, while the fungi used are Candida albicans. Phytochemical analysis used the Harbone method, and the antioxidant test used the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl Hidrazil (DPPH) method. The results showed that the extracts of kemangi and ruku ruku leaves contained flavonoid and steroid compounds. The antimicrobial test results showed that only ruku ruku leaves inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of 9.35 mm, and the two extracts used could not inhibit the growth of the fungus Candida albicans. In contrast, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the ruku ruku and kemangi leaf extracts had an antioxidant activity with inhibition concentration 50 (IC50) values of 225.64 ppm and 455.11 ppm. Keywords: Bioactivity, Kemangi, Phytochemicals, Ruku.
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Ramaiah, Maddi, Amani Prathi, Bhavitha Singam, Gayathri Tulluru, and Lohitha Tummala. "A REVIEW ON OCIMUM SPECIES: OCIMUM AMERICANUM L., OCIMUM BASILICUM L., OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L. AND OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 10, no. 3 (2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.100359.

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Satapathy, Rakesh Roshan, and Kartik Chandra Sahoo. "In – vitro Evaluation of Some Common Ethnobotanicals to Control the Leaf Spot and Flower blight of Marigold." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S406—S409. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.060.

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In tropical and subtropical climes, Alternaria zinnia causes leaf spot and blossom blight in marigolds, resulting in yield reductions of 50-60%. Chemical controls can be harmful to ecosystems, and agronomic control methods are difficult to implement. The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of a variety of botanicals that are easily available in in-vitro situations. Eight plants extracts, including Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Phyllanthus emblica, Withania somnifera, and Ocimum tenuiflorum, were evaluated against the pathogen at 10% and 20% concentrations. Allium sativum suppressed mycelial growth the greatest at a 10% concentration, with 80.28 percent, followed by Phyllanthus emblica (64.32 percent), and Curcuma longa (64.32 percent) (54.93 percent). Ocimum tenuiflorum, with a 2.35 percent inhibition, was the least inhibited plant. The results at a concentration of 20% followed the same pattern as the results at a concentration of 15%. The highest level of inhibition was found in Allium sativum (88.26 percent), followed by Phyllanthus emblica (86.85 percent), and Curcuma longa (86.85 percent) (74.65 percent). With 11.74 percent inhibition, Ocimum tenuiflorum was the least inhibited. Although more research is needed, the presence of Allicin in Allium sativum may explain its effectiveness against marigold flower disease. Additionally, the efficacy of phytoextracts against marigold flower blight might be assessed in the field.
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Tumme, Dhanashri Mahesh, and Samruddhi Suresh Rajurkar. "A Review of novel combination therapy for mouth ulcer therapy." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 15, no. 4 (2025): 242–47. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i4.7092.

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Mouth ulcers are a common and debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide. Conventional treatments often provide symptomatic relief but may have limitations and side effects. This review explores the potential of a combination therapy using Jasminum grandiflorum (jasmine) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) for mouth ulcer recovery. Both plants have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. The review discusses the therapeutic properties of each plant, their potential synergistic effects, and the various formulation options available for topical application. Future research directions, including clinical trials and chemical profiling, are also outlined. This natural combination therapy offers a promising alternative to conventional treatments, with potential benefits including enhanced wound healing, reduced inflammation, and improved patient satisfaction. Keywords: Mouth ulcer, Jasminum grandiflorum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial.
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Santwani, Dr Soniya. "Medical use of Tulsi Plant and its Importance for Human Beings." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (2023): 859–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49494.

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Abstract: Ocimum tenuiflorum (synonym Ocimum sanctum), commonly known as holy basil, tulsi is an aromatic perennial plant. Tulsi is a plant that has many medicinal properties. It has an excellent analeptic effect that can heal the mind as well as the body. Tulsi as properties antioxidant and anti-inflammatory reduces inflammation by maintaining the nerves and the tissues that are damaged by harmful free radicals.
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Srichok, Janejira, Natthika Yingbun, Teerada Kowawisetsut, et al. "Synergistic Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ocimum tenuiflorum Ethanolic Extract against Major Bacterial Mastitis Pathogens." Antibiotics 11, no. 4 (2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040510.

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Mastitis is the most prevalent global illness affecting dairy cows. This bacterial infection damages and inflames the udder tissues. Several plant extracts have demonstrated synergistic antibacterial activities with standard drugs in mastitis treatment. Scant information exists on Ocimum tenuiflorum L. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of O. tenuiflorum extract and its interaction with antibacterial drugs against common mastitis pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. Anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells were also studied. The O. tenuiflorum extract exhibited antibacterial activities against S. aureus, CNS, and S. agalactiae with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 3.9 to 31.2 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 15.6 to 500 µg/mL. Combinations of O. tenuiflorum with penicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid showed synergistic effects against all tested strains but an additive effect with cefazolin and gentamicin. Pretreatment of the extract significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory molecules (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2) generated by LPS in macrophages. Results suggested O. tenuiflorum effectiveness against various Gram-positive mastitis bacteria, with the potential to reduce antibacterial doses and combat inflammation.
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Parajuli-Baral, Kalpana. "Formulation and Evaluation of Quality Parameters of Effervescent Granules from the Potent Antioxidant between Two Variants of the Adaptogenic Herb Ocimum tenuiflorum L." Scientific World Journal 2023 (April 25, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2050846.

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Ocimum tenuiflorum L. is found throughout semitropical and tropical parts of Southeast Asia. In Nepal, O. tenuiflorum L. is popular with two variants: Krishna Tulsi consisting of purple-colored leaves and Sri Tulsi consisting of green-colored leaves. O. tenuiflorum L. is considered the queen of herbs and is a traditionally and clinically proven medicinal herb for its application and efficacy. However, no commercial pharmaceutical preparations of O. tenuiflorum L. are available using effervescent vehicles. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of leaves from the two varieties of O. tenuiflorum L. and formulate and evaluate the quality parameters of effervescent granules of the potent extract. The antioxidant activity of O. tenuiflorum L. ethanolic extracts was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay at 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL concentrations, where ascorbic acid was used as the positive control. The antioxidant activity of purple-leafed O. tenuiflorum L. was found to be higher than that of green-leafed O. tenuiflorum L. Therefore, effervescent granules of the ethanolic extract of purple-leafed O. tenuiflorum L. were formulated using the pharmaceutical excipients tartaric acid, citric acid, and sodium bicarbonate and the quality parameters of the granules were evaluated. The formulated granules met the quality parameters assessed from the angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s Index, Hausner’s ratio, effervescent cessation time, and stability studies. Thus, the formulated effervescent granules of O. tenuiflorum L. can be used for therapeutic purposes or as a functional food.
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I, Yesu Raja, and Syamala M. "Biopotency of Promising Plant Extracts against Rice Sheath Rot Disease." Madras Agricultural Journal 99, JUNE (2012): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100082.

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Partially purified protein fraction of leaf extracts of Convolvulus arvensis, Acalypha indica, Catharanthus roseus and Ocimum tenuiflorum at 100, 250 and 500 ppm effectively inhibited the mycelial growth, sporulation, spore germination and germ tube elongation of Sarocladium oryzae. Non-protein fractions were less effective. In pot culture experiment, spraying of leaf extract of C. arvensis protein fraction at 500 ppm recorded the maximum disease reduction which was on par with protein fractions (500 ppm) of A. indica, O. tenuiflorum and C. roseus.
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Rahmat Ramadhan, Fathan, Intan Keumala Dewi, Titiek Djannatun, and Muhammad Arsyad. "Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Ruku-Ruku (Ocimum Tenuiflorum Linne) Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Shigella Dysenteriae Dan Tinjauannya Menurut Pandangan Islam." Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 3, no. 02 (2023): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/cerdika.v3i02.519.

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Bakteri Shigella dysenteriae merupakan penyebab disentri yang merupakan bakteri negatif Gram dengan bentuk batang pendek atau basil tunggal. Bakteri ini bersifat anaerob fakultatif dan memfermentasi glukosa serta tidak memfermentasi laktosa. Masalah pencernaan karena infeksi bakteri yang masih tinggi di Indonesia menyebabkan tingginya intensitas penggunaan antibiotik yang memicu berbagai permasalahan terutama resistensi. Termasuk bakteri Shigella dysenteriae yang telah menunjukan resistensi terhadap beberapa antibiotik diantaranya yaitu ampicilin, tetracycline, cefixime dan ciprofloxacin. Dengan demikian, maka diperlukan pengobatan alternatif tehadap penyakit disentri, salah satunya daun kuru-kuru (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) yang memiliki kandungan terpenoid, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan senyawa aktif lain yang dapat mengobati disentri. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimental dengan metode disk diffusion. Populasi penelitian ini adalah bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dan sampel penelitian ini adalah daun ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linne). Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif primer. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah program SPSS 25.0, uji statistik parametrik One-Way ANOVA dan Uji Post hoc Tukey. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa efektivitas Ekstrak daun Ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linne) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae yaitu dengan ekstrak daun Ruku-ruku dengan konsentrasi 80.000 ppm, 100.000 ppm, 120.000 ppm, dan 140.000 ppm tidak menunjukkan adanya zona hambat terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae. Sehingga menyimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun Ruku-ruku yang digunakan dalam uji efektivitas antibakteri belum dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae, yang artinya efek antibakteri dari ekstrak daun Ruku-ruku masih belum bisa menggantikan antibiotik ciprofloxacin.
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Lekhapan, Paweenuch, Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson, and Ploenpit Chokchaichamnankit. "Comparative Karyotype Analysis and Chromosome Evolution in the Genus Ocimum L. from Thailand." Tropical Natural History 21, no. 1 (2021): 27–40. https://doi.org/10.58837/tnh.21.1.247165.

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Ocimum L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the best-known genera of aromatic herbs in the world for its economic and medicinal importance. Most species are polyploids, harboring a large variation in genome and chromosome compositions. This study reports the comparative karyotype analysis among O. americanum L. and four accessions each of O. basilicum L., O. africanum Lour., O. gratissimum L. and O. tenuiflorum L. from Thailand. We found chromosome numbers of O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. africanum, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum to be 2n=26, 52, 78, 40 and 36, respectively. All these species have asymmetric karyotypes, but O. tenuiflorum exhibited higher level of asymmetry than the other species. Although the chromosome numbers of all the studied species were stable among accessions, differences were found in the karyotypic constitutions. Intra-specific variation in karyotype formulae and satellite chromosomes of O. basilicum and O. africanum suggest that chromosomal rearrangements are involved in the chromosome evolution of these karyotypically unstable species, indicating that they may be newly formed polyploids. On the other hand, the disproportionate rise between ploidy level and the total karyotype length in the derived and stable polyploids, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum, points towards a process of diploidization via genome downsizing.
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32

R, Priya, and Mohamed Yaqub M. "Larvicidal Potential of Nine Common Medicinal Plants of Tamilnadu, India." International Journal of Agriculture and Animal Production, no. 34 (June 23, 2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijaap.34.32.39.

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Mosquito are one of the most disturbing and blood sucking organisms that disturbs Homosapiens. Mosquito species included in the genera Anopheles, Aedes and culex are vectors for the various disease pathogens like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, encephalitis etc., for control of larval stages of mosquito herbal plants extracts are being tried. Nine medicinal plants extracts were collected dried and extracted with ethanol and used for the present study. The successful attempt is made to kill the larvae the premature stage of mosquitoes by using safe and socio-economical herbal plant mixtures. Azadirachta indica+Mentha spicata+ Coriandrum satium, Azadirachta indica + Ocimum tenuiflorum + Lawsonia inermis and Ocimum tenuiflorum +solanum procumbens +Phyllanthus niruri showed highest larvicidal activity. The medicinal plants were easily biodegradable than the synthetic insecticides, the plant products are less hazardous, they afford a rich store house of chemicals of diverse biological activity
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Singh, Vikram, Gagandeep Singh, and Vikram Singh. "TulsiPIN: An Interologous Protein Interactome of Ocimum tenuiflorum." Journal of Proteome Research 19, no. 2 (2019): 884–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00683.

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Saurabh, Shinde*. "Preparation And Evaluation Of Herbal Shampoo (Ocimum Tenuiflorum)." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 812–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10588744.

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The primary objective of this research is to formulate and evaluate a herbal shampoo, as well as to find out its physicochemical performance with a focus on product safety, efficacy and quality. Herbal shampoo is a natural hair care solution that removes grease, dirt and dandruff and promotes hair growth, strength and thickness. It also gives softness, smoothness and shine to the hair. Shampoo for cosmetics is made up of different types of drugs. Consequently, efforts are being made to produce herbal shampoos that are free from adverse effects. The main objective of this study was to remove harmful synthetic ingredients from the formulation of shampoos and replace them with safe natural ingredients.
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35

Muhammad Ashraf Sial, Agha Asad Noor, and Pir Bux Ghumro. "Synergetic effect of Azadirachta Indica and Ocimum Tenuiflorum leaves on esbl producing uropathogenic E. Coli in urine samples of children at Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan." Medical Journal of South Punjab 5, no. 01 (2024): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61581/mjsp.vol05/01/11.

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Objective: To compare the antibacterial activity between commercial antibiotics versus Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) against clinical isolates of E. coli in urine sample of children. Methodology: This study was comparative analytical study conducted at pediatric department, Talukas hospitals of district Khairpur (Mir’s), Sindh, from January 2020 to February 2022. Midstream urine samples of children (n=596) were collected from Taluka hospitals of District Khairpur (Mir’s) such as Khairpur, Gambat and Taluka Hospital Kotdiji. All samples were inoculated on different laboratory media and incubated for 24-48 hours. The determination of ESBL producing bacteria were tested by E-test. Double disk synergy method and antibiotic susceptibility test of ESBL producing E. coli isolates was performed by agar gel diffusion method. The extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) leaves were prepared by rotary evaporator and antibacterial effect of extracts was determined by agar well diffusion method. All data were entered in predesigned proforma. Results: Out of 596 urine samples, ESBL producing E. coli 456 (76.1%) were isolated from urine samples of children. The mean age was 9.50±5.48 years (ranged between 2 – 17 years). In this study 254 (42.6%) were male while majority 342 (57.4%) were female. The greater resistance among the E.coli isolates was noted in Aztreonam 160 (35.1%) followed by Ampicillin 129 (28.3%), Amoxicillin/clavulanate 108 (23.7%) and others antibiotics. The observation of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum tenuiflorum extracts revealed the greater antibacterial effects on ESBL producing test isolates at the concentration of 01 to 25 µL/100 mL whereas the synergetic effect of both extracts was greatly observed at 14 µL/100 mL concentration by agar well diffusion method. Conclusions: Urinary tract infection caused by multidrug resistant E. coli and ESBL producing E. coli was greatly prevailing all age groups of both genders particularly in 13-17 years of children. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed multidrug resistant while Azadirachta indica and Ocimum tenuiflorum extracts revealed the greater antibacterial effects. These findings are concluded that emergence of MDR strains of ESBL- E. coli could be treated with test extracts as alternate and inexpensive therapy.
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Sarathi, Dhivya, Remmiya Mary Varghese, Aravind Kumar Subramanian, and Rajeshkumar Shanmugam. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum: Development of a Dental Varnish with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties." Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences 14, Special Issue 1 (2025): 119–30. https://doi.org/10.47310/jpms202514s0116.

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Background: The growing resistance of oral pathogens to conventional antimicrobial agents has created a demand for innovative, natural alternatives in dental care. Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum are widely recognized for their medicinal properties, particularly their antimicrobial potential. This study investigates the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using these herbal extracts and their incorporation into a dental varnish. The varnish underwent comprehensive characterization using Fluorescent analysis, NMR analysis, Zeta potential studies and UV-Vis spectroscopy to evaluate its structural and physicochemical properties. Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum herbal extracts via a green synthesis approach. The synthesized AgNPs were incorporated into a dental varnish and their antibacterial efficacy was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp., Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method and time-kill curve assay. Inhibition zones were measured at concentrations of 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL and results were compared with a commercially available dental varnish. Results: The AgNP-based dental varnish demonstrated superior antibacterial activity across all tested concentrations. The inhibition zones for S. aureus were 10 mm, 14 mm and 26 mm at 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL, respectively, outperforming the commercial varnish's 9 mm inhibition zone. For S. mutans, the Ocimum-based varnish showed inhibition zones of 24 mm, 27 mm and 34 mm, which significantly exceeded the standard varnish's 9 mm. Lactobacillus sp. exhibited inhibition zones of 20 mm, 22 mm and 31 mm, while E. faecalis showed 9 mm, 11 mm and 14 mm. E. coli displayed the highest inhibition zones of 27 mm, 30 mm and 35 mm, compared to the 9 mm zone produced by the commercial varnish. The time-kill curve assay demonstrated that the Ocimum-based varnish at 100 µg/mL effectively reduced bacterial counts of E. coli and S. mutans to 10 CFU/mL within 5 hours. Similar reductions were observed for S. aureus, Lactobacillus sp. and E. faecalis, indicating potent bactericidal activity with increasing concentrations. Conclusion: The Ocimum-mediated AgNP dental varnish exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy compared to the commercial dental varnish, particularly at 100 µg/mL. The enhanced antibacterial activity, combined with the eco-friendly green synthesis process, suggests that Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ocimum gratissimum-based AgNPs hold promising potential as effective and safe alternatives in dental care for combating oral pathogens. Further in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate the varnish’s clinical performance and long-term safety.
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Padalia, Rajendra C., Ram S. Verma, Amit Chauhan, et al. "Compositional Variability and Antifungal Potentials of Ocimum basilicum, O. tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum and O. kilimandscharicum Essential Oils against Rhizoctonia solani and Choanephora cucurbitarum." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 10 (2014): 1934578X1400901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400901026.

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The composition of hydrodistilled essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. (four chemovariants), O. tenuiflorum L., O. gratissimum L., and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke were analyzed and compared by using capillary gas chromatography (GC/FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Phenyl propanoids (upto 87.0%) and monoterpenoids (upto 83.3%) were prevalent constituents distributed in the studied Ocimum taxa. The major constituents of the four distinct chemovariants of O. basilicum were methyl chavicol (86.3%), methyl chavicol (61.5%)/linalool (28.6%), citral (65.9%); and linalool (36.1%)/citral (28.8%). Eugenol (66.5% and 78.0%) was the major constituent of O. tenuiflorum and O. gratissimum. Eugenol (34.0%), β-bisabolene (15.4%), ( E)-α-bisabolene (10.9%), methyl chavicol (10.2%) and 1,8-cineole (8.2%) were the major constituents of O. kilimandscharicum. In order to explore the potential for industrial use, the extracted essential oils were assessed for their antifungal potential through poison food technique against two phytopathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Choanephora cucurbitarum, which cause root and wet rot diseases in various crops. O. tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum, and O. kilimandscharicum exhibited complete growth inhibition against R. solani and C. cucurbitarum after 24 and 48 h of treatment. O. basilicum chemotypes showed variable levels of growth inhibition (63.0%–100%) against these two phytopathogens.
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Bhamra, Sukvinder Kaur, Michael Heinrich, Mark R. D. Johnson, Caroline Howard, and Adrian Slater. "The Cultural and Commercial Value of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.): Multidisciplinary Approaches Focusing on Species Authentication." Plants 11, no. 22 (2022): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223160.

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Tulsi (Holy basil, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Lamiaceae), native to Asia, has become globalised as the cultural, cosmetic, and medicinal uses of the herb have been popularised. DNA barcoding, a molecular technique used to identify species based on short regions of DNA, can discriminate between different species and identify contaminants and adulterants. This study aimed to explore the values associated with Tulsi in the United Kingdom (UK) and authenticate samples using DNA barcoding. A mixed methods approach was used, incorporating social research (i.e., structured interviews) and DNA barcoding of Ocimum samples using the ITS and trnH-psbA barcode regions. Interviews revealed the cultural significance of Tulsi: including origins, knowledge exchange, religious connotations, and medicinal uses. With migration, sharing of plants and seeds has been seen as Tulsi plants are widely grown in South Asian (SA) households across the UK. Vouchered Ocimum specimens (n = 33) were obtained to create reference DNA barcodes which were not available in databases. A potential species substitution of O. gratissimum instead of O. tenuiflorum amongst SA participants was uncovered. Commercial samples (n = 47) were difficult to authenticate, potentially due to DNA degradation during manufacturing processes. This study highlights the cultural significance of Tulsi, despite a potential species substitution, the plant holds a prestigious place amongst SA families in the UK. DNA barcoding was a reliable way to authenticate Ocimum species.
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Salleh, Rabeta Mohd, Rohini Jayaraman, and Mohd Nasir Che Mohd Yusoff. "Comparative Wound Healing Study of Ocimum tenuiflorum Leaves Extract and its Formulation on Sprague Dawley Rats." ASM Science Journal 15 (May 17, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.695.

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This study has been designed to compare the leaves extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum with soy lecithin and the leaves extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum only and find out its effectiveness on wound healing properties. Drug release study was also evaluated to obtain a brief idea on the release of the drug after consumption of the formulation and extract. The wound healing effectiveness study suggest that the formulated extract has better wound healing activity in comparison to extract which is more similar to the standard drug which was used as positive control. It was also found that the drug release activity of the formulation shows sustained release of the marker compound in when compared to the extract. Thus, it can be concluded that the improved wound healing activity of the formulation could be due to the sustained released of the compounds which present that act accordingly to improve the activity. Further study on its mechanism of action need to done to understand it activity better.
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40

Karthika M, Karthika M., and Rasmi A. R. "Diversity and Extracellular Enzyme Production of Fungal Endophytes from the Genus Ocimum L." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 4 (2022): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3060.

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Ocimum tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum, and O. basilicum are medicinal plants extensively used in the traditional medicine of Kerala. The study is aimed at investigating the endophytic mycoflora associated with these Ocimum species and their ability to produce enzymes in vitro. A total of 149 fungal endophytes were isolated from roots, stems, and leaf segments from July to November 2021. They were grouped into 27 morphotypes, including five non-sporulating taxa. The highest number of isolates were obtained from the plant O. basilicum. An equally lower number of isolates were obtained from O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum. A greater number of fungal endophytes were obtained from the leaf segments of O.basilicum and least number of isolates obtained from the leaf segments of O.gratissimum. Isolates of Aspergillus niger complex, Diaporthe sp., and Daldinia eschscholtzii showed the highest colonizing frequency. In vitro analysis for enzyme production by all morphotypes was done and, except for laccase, all tested enzymes showed positive results.
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Manjot Kaur. "Unveiling the Potential: Machine Learning and Image Processing for Early Disease Detection in Tulsi Herb." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 5s (2024): 2954–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3333.

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Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) herb is very much predisposed to infections that influence the growth of the plant and impact the farmer’s ability to learn about the environmental factors affecting the plant. To discover any type of plant infection at a very preliminary stage, a prediction model employing machine learning and image processing techniques can be developed to accelerate the method of disease detection and classification with high-performance metrics. The deployment of various variable preprocessing methods and distinctive factors in the feature extraction process appeared to enhance the implementation of infection recognition and categorization. This article intends to assess and explore the application and implementation of numerous approaches and developments regarding leaf infection categorization and classification. A thorough analysis is provided for disease infection and classification implementation upon examination of formerly recommended avant-garde methods. Finally, challenges and some commendations in this space are considered for the real-time implementation of numerous image computational algorithms for disease detection and recognition of Ocimum tenuiflorum.
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Saha, S., T. D. Dhar, C. Sengupta, and P. Ghosh. "Biological activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of five Ocimum species against pathogenic bacteria." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 2 (2013): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/234/2012-cjfs.

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The essential oils and methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, Ocimum gratissimum L, Ocimum canum Sims, and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (green type) were examined for their potential antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum species was analysed by GC-MS. The inhibitory effects of essential oils and methanol extracts were studied on two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus) and five Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella flexneri) bacteria using disc-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by micro broth dilution method. The antibacterial test results showed that the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, and Ocimum gratissimum L. strongly inhibited the growth of all of the microorganisms studied, especially of the Gram-negative strains, whereas other two essential oils showed moderate activities. The result may suggest that the essential oils of Ocimum possess compounds with antibacterial activities, and therefore could be used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.  
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43

M. Chiranjeevi and P. Chaya. "Pollen characterization and medicinal importance of Ocimum species of Lamiaceae from Telangana region of South India." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (2023): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0186.

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Pollen morphology is one of the important tools for the taxonomic studies and helps in the identification of medicinal plants. Pollen characterization of three species of Ocimum viz., Ocimum tenuiflorum, Ocimum gratissimum, and Ocimum basilicum collected from Telangana region of South India during 2022 was carried out by using Light Microscope (LM). The pollen grains showed variations in size, shape, with amb spheroidal to ellipsoidal. All the species had hexacolpate pollen grains. The exine is subtectate and sporoderm ornamentation is reticulate with variations in heterobrochate conditions. The lumina varied from penta, hexa, polygonal to irregular form. The plants studied in the present work were known for their medicinal use having antibacterial and antiviral properties and most important in traditional system of medicine.
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44

Chowdhury, Tanmay, Goutam Kumar Basak, Putchen Dakshinamoorthy Deepalakshmi, Soumen Saha, and Amitava Mandal. "Metabolomics using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and antibacterial activity of nine Ocimum taxa of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2508.

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Ocimum traditionally known as Holy Basil or Tulsi is an available herb plenty across the country. Traditionally, it is used against a number of human diseases. In this present study, the metabolites present in the ethanolic extracts of nine Ocimum taxa, O. tenuiflorum L. (Green and purple type) two morphotypes of O. basilicum L., (Babu and Marua tulsi) two morphotypes of O. gratissimum L. (Ram and Ajowan tulsi) and each one from O. americanum L. (Bon tulsi), O. × africanum Lour. (Lebu tulsi), and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke.grown naturally in Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India were identified using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the identified metabolites, carbohydrates, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acids, fused ring aromatic hydrocarbon, amino acids, phenolic compounds, quinone, steroids, terpenoids and vitamin E were the chief constituents. The occurrence of these metabolites describes the high biological activity of Ocimum species. Furthermore, in vitro antibacterial activities were also identified against four bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 1305), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1771) and Escherichia coli (MTCC 2939). Tested bacterial strains were taken from the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India The results indicated that the ethanolic extracts of all the nine Ocimum taxa have satisfactory minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against the tested microorganisms. O. tenuiflorum has the highest (91.03 %) metabolic content whereas O. × africanum has the minimum. This would definitely serve as a scientific basis of the traditional use of basil against human ailments.
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45

Balkrishna, Acharya, Naveen Thakur, Bhavana Patial, et al. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Efficacy of Catharanthus roseus and Ocimum tenuiflorum-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: Phytonanotechnology in Disease Management." Processes 11, no. 5 (2023): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051479.

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Nanotechnology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that has the potential to offer solutions to pharmaceutical challenges starting from drug delivery to therapeutic applications. The plant-mediated method is eco-friendly and the most inexpensive of the various techniques used to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, silver (Ag) NPs have been successfully synthesized using leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus and Ocimum tenuiflorum. X-ray diffraction revealed an average crystalline size of 19.96 and 21.42 nm for C. roseus and O. tenuiflorum-mediated Ag NPs, respectively. Further, shape, size, and elemental composition were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectral technique. TEM study revealed spherical/spheroidal-shaped Ag NPs were formed between 10–48 nm with C. roseus and 17–55 nm with O. tenuiflorum. Both synthesized Ag NPs inhibited Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, where the effect was more prominent against E. coli (MIC 3.90 ± 0 µg/mL) with O. tenuiflorum Ag NPs. Mechanistic insights of antibacterial activity were also highlighted, and the activity might be attributed to the diverse mode of action of surface functionalized phytoconstituents and NPs.
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46

Chandrasekaran, K., and M. Senthil Kumar. "Moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated single jersey knitted fabrics." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (2019): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-01-2018-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the synergic effect of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extracts treatment on the moisture management properties of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier single jersey knitted fabrics and the factors affecting it, which is intended for the development of healthcare apparel products. Design/methodology/approach The pre-treated single jersey knitted fabrics of cotton, lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics were given finishing treatment with the wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) combination herbal extract proportions of 100%:0%, 75%:25%,50%:50%; 25%:75% and 0%:100%. The D-optimal factorial design developed using Design Expert software was used for the study. The finishing treatments were carried out using the pad−dry−cure method. The aim of the work is to find out the influence of combination herbal extract proportion, textile material and their interaction effect on the moisture management properties. Findings The ANOVA results revealed that the overall moisture management properties of single jersey knitted fabrics are influenced by the material type, combination herbal extract proportion and the interaction between material type and the combination herbal extracts proportion. The overall moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts treated cotton single jersey fabrics are found to be better than that of lyocell and micro-denier polyester fabrics due to their excellent accumulative one-way transport capability after the finishing treatment. Among the combination herbal extract proportions, 50:50 per cent combination herbal extract proportion was found to be better than other proportions. Originality/value The study on the moisture management properties of combination herbal extracts of wild turmeric (Curcuma Aromatica Salisb.) and holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) is a novel attempt to explore the synergic effect of active constituents in both the herbs.
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47

Nhan, Ngu Truong. "Synthesis, Eugenoxyacetic Acid Structure and Some Exports." International Journal of Pharma Growth Research Review 2, no. 2 (2025): 40–42. https://doi.org/10.54660/ijpgrr.2025.2.2.40-42.

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Successfully synthesized acid structure from Ocimum tenuiflorum essential oil and monochloroacetic acid. Their structures were elucidated by 1H – NMR and 13C–NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Through investigation, the reaction achieved the highest efficiency with the molar ratio between eugenol and monocloacetic acid 1:1,2 and the reaction temperature from 100 - 1050C.
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Luong, Thi-Hoan, Huu-Khanh-Tan Tran, Woo-Jin Jung, Van-Viet Nguyen, and Dang-Minh-Chanh Nguyen. "Chemical constituents, antioxidant and antifungal activities of the essential oil from Vietnamese Ocimum tenuiflorum L.leaves." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 66, no. 2 (2024): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.66(2).69-75.

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In this study, the authors aim to determine the chemical compositions of the essential oil from Ocimum tenuiflorumleaves and to evaluate its antioxidant and antifungal activities. The essential oil used in this research, extracted by hydrodistillation, was chemically profiled using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Methyl eugenol (46.07%), caryophyllene (15.65%), eugenol (11.83%), β-elemene (4.33%), β-copaene (4.18%), caryophyllene oxide (3.18%), and α-copaene (1.95%) were identified as major components of the essential oil. The results indicated that the essential oil of O. tenuiflorum leaves possessed relatively high 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 53.5 and 55.1 μg/ml, respectively, compared with 67.2 and 63.2 μg/ml, respectively, for the positive control. The reducing powers of O. tenuiflorum essential oil and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at a concentration of 200 μg/ml were 0.95 and 0.73, respectively. Additionally, the essential oil of O. tenuiflorum at a concentration of 200 μg/ml strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani.
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Muszalska, Aleksandra, and Julia Wiecanowska. "Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Holy Basil) in Modern Medicine: Broad-Spectrum Therapeutic Potential." Herba Polonica 70, no. 2 (2024): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6597.

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Ocimum tenuiflorum L., commonly known as Holy Basil or Tulsi, is an ancient herb deeply rooted in Ayurvedic medicine. With over 5000 years of history, it holds religious, cultural, and medicinal significance in India, earning titles such as the "Elixir of Life" and "Queen of Herbs." This review explores the therapeutic applications of Holy Basil in psychiatry, neurodegenerative diseases, oncology, infections, and diabetes mellitus. Through an analysis of clinical and preclinical studies, we highlight the herb's multifaceted pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Key bioactive compounds such as rosmarinic acid, eugenol, and ursolic acid contribute to its diverse therapeutic actions. This review draws upon data from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to comprehensively analyze existing literature. However, while existing research supports the efficacy of Holy Basil, further clinical trials using standardized preparations are warranted to validate its clinical utility. This review underscores the importance of Ocimum tenuiflorum as a promising complementary therapy in modern medicine and emphasizes the need for continued research to unlock its full potential.
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A., A. P. Gondane* S. R. Pakhidde S. R. Ganvir T. C. Bisen D. R. Chourasia. "Design And Characterization Of Polyherbal Single Use Soap For It's Antibacterial Activity." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 4 (2024): 1020–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11062953.

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Hand washing with soap is important because it is proven to clean hands from germs and bacteria and chemicals which can cause personal harm or disease. This is an essential habit for the general population as well as for those who handle food or work in the medical industry. In response to this concern, we formulated the antibacterial Polyherbal Paper soap with combination of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Curcuma longa, Aloe barbadensis and evaluate their parameter like physicochemical, pH, foam height, form retention, total fatty matter, anti-bacterial. Based on these tests, F2 soap Formulation code was selected as the best formulation among the others. The designed formulation F2 consisting 2.0gm gel of Aloe barbadensis, 3.0gm Azadirachta indica Extract, 0.5gm Curcuma longa Extract, 1.0gm Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi oil), 2.0gm Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), orange oil 1.0gm, & Glycerin Soap Base (q.s.), found to be promising polyherbal soap with antibacterial properties. Finally, concluded that the formulated herbal soap used as a most promising, eco-friendly, low-cost formulation alternative to commercial chemical containing soaps.
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