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1

Scheel, D. "Sea-surface temperature used to predict the relative density of giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) in intertidal habitats of Prince William Sound, Alaska." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 10 (2015): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14197.

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Productivity linked to upwelling strength is an important environmental factor affecting the production and dynamics of octopus populations. This often takes the form of a negative relationship between octopus abundance and sea-surface temperatures (SST). Enteroctopus dofleini (giant Pacific octopuses) is caught as by-catch in several fisheries, but management for octopuses is data-poor. Visual surveys (in Prince William Sound (PWS) and Puget Sound) showed significant negative correlations of octopus counts with winter SST over the previous 30 months in the waters of eastern Gulf of Alaska, as expected on the basis of life-history parameters. In PWS, local octopus densities varied more than six-fold during the study, and correlations with SST accounted for 48–61% of the variance in counts. Octopus by-catch datasets were not similarly significantly correlated with SST. The negative correlation with SST suggests that octopus populations are influenced by factors regulating marine productivity during larval stages of life history far from the site of recruitment to benthic habitats. Targeted visual surveys for E. dofleini may be more predictable than by-catch statistics, and may be better estimators of variation in octopus abundance.
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2

Mather, Jennifer A., and Roland C. Anderson. "Exploration, play and habituation in octopuses (Octopus dofleini)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 113, no. 3 (1999): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.113.3.333.

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3

van Holde, K. E., Karen Miller, Eric Schabtach, and Louis Libertini. "Assembly of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin." Journal of Molecular Biology 217, no. 2 (January 1991): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2836(91)90545-h.

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4

Miller, Karen I. "Oxygen equilibria of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin." Biochemistry 24, no. 17 (August 1985): 4582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00338a015.

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5

Scheel, D., and C. Johnson. "Sea-surface temperatures predict targeted visual surveys of octopus abundance." Marine and Freshwater Research 72, no. 9 (2021): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20318.

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In upwelling systems around the world, octopus abundance is forecast by marine productivity linked to upwelling strength, often indicated by sea-surface temperatures. Climate change may disrupt populations of marine animals that are linked to such temperature-dependent events. We analysed the relationship of the abundance of giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) to Gulf of Alaska and Washington State water temperatures. Abundance was measured in targeted visual surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska, over the period 1995–2016 and from REEF.org diver surveys in Washington State from 2003 to 2019. Octopus counts from both survey programs had significant negative correlations with water temperatures over the previous 2.5–4 years. Water temperature accounted for from 0.41 to 0.71 of the variance (R2) in octopus abundance in eastern Gulf of Alaska waters located in ocean currents up-stream of the survey areas, and up to 0.81 of the variance in Washington State waters. These negative correlations provide a possible predictive index for octopus abundance as measured by targeted visual surveys. These methods may be useful tools in management of octopuses and indicate impacts of climate change on North Pacific coastal marine ecosystems.
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6

SHADWICK, ROBERT E., JOHN M. GOSLINE, and WILLIAM K. MILSON. "Arterial Haemodynamics in the Cephalopod Mollusc, Octopus Dofleini." Journal of Experimental Biology 130, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.130.1.87.

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Simultaneous measurements of blood pressure and blood flow were made in the dorsal aorta of the cephalopod Octopus dofleini Wülker. In resting animals the heart rate varied from 8.5 to 14 beats min−1, while aortic pressure typically ranged from about 2.5 kPa at end diastole to 5.5 kPa at peak systole. Blood flow rate varied with pressure, averaging 0.9 ml s−1, with peak flow rates of 1.4–2.8 ml s−1. A slow asymptotic decline in both pressure and flow during the 2- to 4-s diastolic period indicated that the aorta functions as an elastic reservoir, as previously predicted. Aortic impedance spectra were derived from digitized pressure and flow data. The impedance amplitude decreased continuously with increasing frequency, while the impedance phase was always negative. These results are consistent with a two-element Windkessel model of the arterial system. The apparent pressure wave velocity, determined from transit times of pressure pulses in vivo, was > 10 m s−1. This was much higher than the intrinsic wave velocity we predicted from in vitro measurements of aortic elasticity. This anomaly occurred because the length of the aorta represented less than 1 % of the wavelength of the fundamental pulse frequency, due to the low heart rate in this species. Consequently, arterial haemodynamics in O. dofleini are dominated by strong wave reflections, but do not exhibit other wave propagation effects which are typical of mammalian circulatory systems. Thus, the simple Windkessel model adequately describes the arterial circulation of this species of cephalopod.
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7

Anderson, Roland C., Ronald Shimek, James A. Cosgrove, and Steve Berthinier. "Giant Pacific Octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, Attacks on Divers." Canadian Field-Naturalist 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i4.517.

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8

Rigby, P. Robin, and Yasunori Sakurai. "Multidimensional Tracking of Giant Pacific Octopuses in Northern Japan Reveals Unexpected Foraging Behaviour." Marine Technology Society Journal 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533205787521730.

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Most marine populations are in decline (Pauly, 2000; Leon, 2003) and reports of stable or increasing stocks are viewed with some scepticism (Myers and Worm, 2003). Compensation for decreasing fish stocks by cephalopod populations has been theorized and reported (O'Dor, 1998; Chotiyaputta et al., 2002). Around Hokkaido Island (northern Japan), catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Enteroctopus dofleini is relatively stable (Hokkaido Fisheries Annual Report, 1986-2001). Decreasing inter-specific competition for food, reduced predation pressure by large fishes and a prevailing temperature regime are possible factors in the stability of the E dofleini catch rate; but so is the flexible behaviour of octopuses. Neural and behaviour studies (Young, 1961; Mather, 1994; Yamazaki et al., 2002) have alluded to the benefits of the adaptability of octopus behaviour, but no suggestions are as succinct as our findings during a recent radio acoustic tagging study where tagged octopuses stayed in smaller home ranges for longer periods of time than expected (Mather et al., 1985) while feeding off of a gill net. We propose that these findings have direct implications to understanding of the ecology of the species and are an example of why in situ monitoring provided by Radio Acoustic Positioning (RAP) technology is an essential part of the planning, and implantation of regional management plans and the development and monitoring of marine protected areas.
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9

Seeley, Kathryn E., Leigh A. Clayton, Catherine A. Hadfield, Dillon Muth, Joseph L. Mankowski, and Kathleen M. Kelly. "RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF MORTALITY IN GIANT PACIFIC OCTOPUS (ENTEROCTOPUS DOFLEINI)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47, no. 1 (March 2016): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2014-0134.1.

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10

Lamy, Josette, Michele Leclerc, Pierre Yves Sizaret, Jean Lamy, Karen I. Miller, Reginald McParland, and K. E. Van Holde. "Octopus dofleini hemocyanin: structure of the seven-domain polypeptide chain." Biochemistry 26, no. 12 (June 16, 1987): 3509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00386a039.

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11

Robinson, S. M. C., and E. B. Hartwick. "Analysis of growth based on tag-recapture of the Giant Pacific octopus Octopus dofleini martini." Journal of Zoology 209, no. 4 (August 1986): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03611.x.

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12

Mather, Jennifer A., Tatiana S. Leite, and Allan T. Batista. "Individual prey choices of octopuses: Are they generalist or specialist?" Current Zoology 58, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.4.597.

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Abstract Prey choice is often evaluated at the species or population level. Here, we analyzed the diet of octopuses of different populations with the aim to assess the importance of individual feeding habits as a factor affecting prey choice. Two methods were used, an assessment of the extent to which an individual octopus made choices of species representative of those population (PSi and IS) and 25% cutoff values for number of choices and percentage intake of individual on their prey. In one population of Octopus cf vulgaris in Bermuda individuals were generalist by IS=0.77, but most chose many prey of the same species, and were specialists on it by >75% intake. Another population had a wider prey selection, still generalist with PSi=0.66, but two individuals specialized by choices. In Bonaire, there was a wide range of prey species chosen, and the population was specialists by IS= 0.42. Individual choices revealed seven specialists and four generalists. A population of Octopus cyanea in Hawaii all had similar choices of crustaceans, so the population was generalist by IS with 0.74. But by individual choices, three were considered a specialist. A population of Enteroctopus dofleini from Puget Sound had a wide range of preferences, in which seven were also specialists, IS=0.53. By individual choices, thirteen were also specialists. Given the octopus specialty of learning during foraging, we hypothesize that both localized prey availability and individual personality differences could influence the exploration for prey and this translates into different prey choices across individuals and populations showed in this study.
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13

Cuff, M. E., W. A. Hendrickson, J. Lamy, J. N. Lamy, K. I. Miller, and K. E. van Holde. "Crystals of the carboxyl-terminal functional unit from Octopus dofleini hemocyanin." Journal of Molecular Biology 213, no. 1 (May 1990): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(05)80117-2.

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14

Miller, K. I., E. Schabtach, and K. E. van Holde. "Arrangement of subunits and domains within the Octopus dofleini hemocyanin molecule." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, no. 4 (February 1, 1990): 1496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.4.1496.

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15

Miller, Karen I., Marianne E. Cuff, Walter F. Lang, Patrick Varga-Weisz, Katharine G. Field, and Kensal E. van Holde. "Sequence of the Octopus dofleini hemocyanin subunit: structural and evolutionary implications." Journal of Molecular Biology 278, no. 4 (May 1998): 827–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1998.1648.

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16

Ambrose, R. F., B. J. Leighton, and E. B. Hartwick. "Characterization of boreholes by Octopus dofleini in the bivalve Saxidomus giganteus." Journal of Zoology 214, no. 3 (March 1988): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb03755.x.

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17

Lee, Sung Il, Jae Hyeong Yang, Hae Won Lee, Jong Bin Kim, and Hyung Kee Cha. "Maturity and spawning of the giant Pacific octopus, Octopus dofleini in the coast of Gangwondo, East Sea." Journal of the Korean society of Fisheries Technology 50, no. 2 (May 31, 2014): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3796/ksft.2014.50.2.154.

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18

Sivak, J. G. "Shape and focal properties of the cephalopod ocular lens." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-354.

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The shape and focal properties (spherical aberration) of lenses from the eyes of three cephalopod species, the cuttlefish Rosia pacifica, the squid Loligo opalescens, and the octopus Octopus dofleini, were measured and compared with descriptions of teleost lenses. The method used involved photographing the refractive effect of lenses in solution on an array of fine parallel helium–neon laser beams. Though the cephalopod lenses approach the sphericity characteristic of teleost lenses, the equatorial lens diameter is somewhat greater (2.3–10.5% in Loligo) than the axial diameter. Spherical aberration of the lens is largely neutralized, indicating the existence of a gradient refractive index. However, the lenses show some non-monotonic variation in focal length with distance from the centre of the lens. The ability of the cephalopods to control pupil size may minimize the need to control spherical aberration.
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19

Zalygalin, V. P. "Morphology of Spermatophores of the Giant Octopus Enteroctopus dofleini apollyon (Incirrata, Octopodidae)." Hydrobiological Journal 45, no. 5 (2009): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v45.i5.40.

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20

Toussaint, R. K., G. K. Sage, S. L. Talbot, and D. Scheel. "Microsatellite marker isolation and development for the giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)." Conservation Genetics Resources 4, no. 3 (December 21, 2011): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9588-z.

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21

Barry, Patrick D., Sherry L. Tamone, and David A. Tallmon. "A comparison of tagging methodology for North Pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini." Fisheries Research 109, no. 2-3 (May 2011): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.02.011.

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22

Shadwick, Robert E., and John M. Gosline. "Mechanical Properties of the Octopus Aorta." Journal of Experimental Biology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.114.1.259.

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The quasi-static mechanical properties of the aorta of Octopus dofleini were investigated using biaxial inflation and uniaxial force-extension tests on vessel segments in vitro. The octopus aorta is a highly compliant and non-linearly elastic structure. The elastic modulus (i.e. the stiffness) measured circumferentially (EC) and longitudinally (EL) increased markedly with distension of the vessel wall. EC was always greater than (EL), and varied from about 104 to 2×105Nm−2 between 2 and 5 kPa pressure respectively, the approximate range of resting blood pressure in this species. Increasing vessel wall stiffness is necessary for the aorta to be compliant at low pressure, and at the same time to be protected from ‘blowout’ at high pressure. The non-linear elasticity of the octopus aorta at physiological pressures can be attributed to the properties of the rubber-like elastic fibres which are present in the vessel wall, with little contribution from stiff collagen fibres being required until very high pressures. Dynamic mechanical properties of the aorta were measured by the method of forced oscillations. The dynamic modulus in the circumferential direction increased continuously to almost twice the static value as the frequency was raised from 0.05 to 10 Hz. At the same time, the viscous damping, tan δ, increased from 0.11 to 0.27. The resilience of the octopus aorta was close to 70 % at the revant physiological frequencies. We conclude that this vessel is suitably designed to function as an efficient elastic energy storage component in the octopus circulatory system.
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23

SEINO, Satoko. "Ultrasonographic Visualization of Buccal Mass Movements in North Pacific Giant Octopus Paroctopus dofleini." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 15, Supplement1 (1995): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.15.supplement1_13.

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24

Lang, Walter H. "cDNA cloning of the Octopus dofleini hemocyanin: sequence of the carboxyl-terminal domain." Biochemistry 27, no. 19 (September 1988): 7276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00419a015.

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25

Ikeda, Yuzuru, Nobuaki Arai, Wataru Sakamoto, Masaki Mitsuhashi, and Koji Yoshida. "Preliminary Report on PIXE Analysis for Trace Elements of Octopus dofleini Statoliths." Fisheries science 65, no. 1 (1999): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.65.161.

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26

Brewer, Reid S., and Andrew c. Seitz. "A Unique Case of Bilateral Hectocotylization in the North Pacific Giant Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)." Malacologia 56, no. 1 & 2 (December 2013): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4002/040.056.0216.

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27

CHOI, Ji Hoon, Dae-Hyeon KWON, Jue Bong LEE, Jae Hyeong YANG, and Do Hoon KIM. "Estimating optimal fishing effort of giant octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini by combo fishing." Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology 54, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3796/ksfot.2018.54.4.333.

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28

Connelly, Patrick R., Stanley J. Gill, Karen I. Miller, G. Zhou, and K. E. Van Holde. "Identical linkage and cooperativity of oxygen and carbon monoxide binding to Octopus dofleini hemocyanin." Biochemistry 28, no. 4 (February 21, 1989): 1835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00430a061.

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29

Linde Henriksen, Michala, Ron Ofri, Tal Shomrat, Nir Nesher, Allison Cleymaet, Maya Ross, Oren Pe’er, Dikla Arad, Julia Katzenbach, and Richard R. Dubielzig. "Ocular anatomy and correlation with histopathologic findings in two common octopuses ( Octopus vulgaris ) and one giant Pacific octopus ( Enteroctopus dofleini ) diagnosed with inflammatory phakitis and retinitis." Veterinary Ophthalmology 24, no. 3 (February 17, 2021): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12872.

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30

SANO, MINORU. "Management system for striking a balance between resource management of pacific giant octopus Octopus dofleini and income of octopus fisher houses in Soya/La Perouse Strait." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 75, no. 4 (2009): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.75.727.

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31

Anderson, Roland C., and Jennifer A. Mather. "The packaging problem: Bivalve prey selection and prey entry techniques of the octopus Enteroctopus dofleini." Journal of Comparative Psychology 121, no. 3 (2007): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.121.3.300.

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32

Barry, Patrick D., Sherry L. Tamone, and David A. Tallmon. "A complex pattern of population structure in the North Pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)." Journal of Molluscan Studies 79, no. 2 (March 29, 2013): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyt006.

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33

Lang, W. H., and K. E. van Holde. "Cloning and sequencing of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin cDNA: derived sequences of functional units Ode and Odf." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.1.244.

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34

Vincent, T. L. S., D. Scheel, and K. R. Hough. "Some Aspects of Diet and Foraging Behavior of Octopus dofleini Wülker, 1910 in its Northernmost Range." Marine Ecology 19, no. 1 (March 1998): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1998.tb00450.x.

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35

Heery, Eliza C., Amy Y. Olsen, Blake E. Feist, and Kenneth P. Sebens. "Urbanization-related distribution patterns and habitat-use by the marine mesopredator, giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)." Urban Ecosystems 21, no. 4 (February 24, 2018): 707–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-018-0742-1.

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36

Miller, Karen I., Kensal E. Van Holde, Arazdordi Toumadje, W. C. Johnson, and Josette Lamy. "Structure and function of the carboxyl-terminal oxygen-binding domain from the subunit of Octopus dofleini hemocyanin." Biochemistry 27, no. 19 (September 1988): 7282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00419a016.

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37

Sato, Kyosei. "Survey of Sexual Maturation in Octopus dofleini in the Coastal Waters off Cape Shiriya, Shimokita Peninsula, Aomori Prefecture." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 62, no. 3 (1996): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.62.355.

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38

Hasegawa, Yasushi. "Octopus (<i>Enterocopus dofleini</i>) Liver Extract Displays Triglyceride-Lowering Effect in HepG2 Cells." Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 6, no. 6 (2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20170606.15.

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39

Conrath, Christina L., and M. Elizabeth Conners. "Aspects of the reproductive biology of the North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) in the Gulf of Alaska." Fishery Bulletin 112, no. 4 (September 30, 2014): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7755/fb.112.4.2.

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40

Hong, Young Shin, Keun Young Ryu, and Kyong Su Kim. "Analysis of radiation induced hydrocarbons by electron-beam irradiation in dried squid (Todarodes pacificus) and octopus (Paroctopus dofleini)." Korean Journal of Food Preservation 21, no. 3 (June 2014): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.3.381.

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41

Brewer, Reid S., and Brenda L. Norcross. "Long-term retention of internal elastomer tags in a wild population of North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)." Fisheries Research 134-136 (December 2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.020.

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42

Conrath, Christina L., and Nicholas B. Sisson. "Delayed discard mortality of the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, in the Gulf of Alaska cod pot fishery." Fisheries Research 197 (January 2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.10.003.

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43

SANO, MINORU, and TADAO BANDO. "Seasonal migration of North Pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini in the Soya/La Pérouse Strait." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 81, no. 1 (2015): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.81.27.

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44

Brewer, Reid S., Brenda L. Norcross, and Ellen Chenoweth. "Temperature- and size-dependent growth and movement of the North Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) in the Bering Sea." Marine Biology Research 13, no. 8 (June 12, 2017): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1309436.

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45

Bogdanov, Valery, Andrei Simdiankin, Anna Pankina, and Vadim Mostovoi. "New Functional Formulations for Dry Seafood Concentrates and their Properties." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-4-707-716.

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Introduction. Nutrition has a significant impact on human health, performance, well-being, and lifespan. The research objective was to develop formulations for functional compositions of seafood cryoconcentrates. Study objects and methods. The study featured concentrates obtained by cryotechnology from carcasses of Pacific squid (Todarodes pacificus), muscular shell of cucumaria (Cucumaria japonica), scallop mantle (Mizuhopecten yessoensis), octopus skin (Octopus dofleini), milt of Pacific herring (Pacific herring), and Japanese kelp (Laminaria japonica), as well as their multicomponent mixes. The content of biologically active substances was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The safety and biological value were biotested on Tetrahymena pyriformis. Results and discussion. The dry seafood concentrates had a high content of protein, minerals, and biologically active components, i.e. hexosamines, triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, nucleic acids, etc. The seafood cryoconcentrate mixes were divided into fortifying, restoring, immunomodulating, and mineral. Their chemical composition varied greatly, depending on the functional aim of the mix. For instance, the protein content varied from 28.8 to 57.6%, lipids – from 3.1 to 6.9%, carbohydrates – from 15.0 to 35.9%, minerals – from 10.9 to 22.9%, and hexosamines – from 2.2 to 5.6%. The experiments made it possible to substantiate the composition of the dry mixes. The compilation principle was based on the chemical profile of the raw material, as well as on the choice of biologically active substances. All the dry seafood concentrates showed a high relative biological value. However, the values differed, depending on the type of raw material: from 65.5% for the scallop mantle sample to 86.3% for the octopus skin sample. The difference could be explained by the chemical composition of the cryopowders and their availability to ciliate enzymes. Conclusion. The research resulted in formulations and functional mixes of dry seafood concentrates obtained by cryotechnology. The dry seafood concentrates can be used both independently and as functional compositions. The developed mixes demonstrated rather high content of animal proteins, minerals, and biologically active substance, e.g. hexosamines, triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, nucleic acids, etc. Their functional compositions proved to have excellent sensory properties; they are biologically safe for human consumption and have a high relative biological value.
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46

SANO, MINORU, TADAO BANDO, and YUKIO MIHARA. "Seasonal changes in the sexual maturity of the north Pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini in the Soya/La Perouse Strait." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 77, no. 4 (2011): 616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.77.616.

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47

Tollit, Dominic, Lowell Fritz, Ruth Joy, Kristi Miller, Angela Schulze, James Thomason, William Walker, Tonya Zeppelin, and Thomas Gelatt. "Diet of endangered Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Aleutian Islands: new insights from DNA detections and bioenergetic reconstructions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 11 (November 2017): 853–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0253.

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The endangered western stock of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) still declines in the western Aleutian Islands and accurate diet information is vital to test leading hypotheses. We undertook the first bioenergetic diet reconstruction using both molecular and hard part prey identifications from >600 scats collected in March–April 2008 and 2012. Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)) remained a primary prey (17%–27% by energy), but large (mean 60 cm) Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810) also emerged as important prey (20%–24%) in a more diverse diet than previously reported, with Cottidae and smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas, 1769)) also contributing ∼10%. DNA detections highlighted a potentially important and previously underestimated prey, giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910) (diet contribution 2%–15%, dependent on prey size assumptions). Although 504 unique DNA identifications resulted in significant increases for cephalopods, Pacific cod, and smooth lumpsucker, hard part alone species rankings were similar to composite ones and bioenergetic species rankings similar to occurrence-based ones. Retention or regurgitation of large cephalopod beaks, the removal of large cod heads, and skeletal fragility of lumpsuckers may explain these differences. DNA identifications provide valuable comparative and complementary prey occurrence data for pinnipeds, but composite diet estimates are optimal.
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48

Sinclair, E. H., W. A. Walker, and P. J. Gearin. "The diet of free-ranging male Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the eastern Bering Sea: a retrospective analysis based on stomach contents of an endangered pinniped." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 3 (March 2019): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0057.

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This study illuminates historical diet and foraging locations of endangered western U.S. stock Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)). Prey were identified from stomachs of 22 males collected in the eastern Bering Sea from the ice edge in March 1985 and nearshore St. Paul Island in September–October 1985 and 1986. Percent frequency of occurrence (PFO) and percent number (PN) were highest for walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814; PFO 69%, PN 15%, mean length 17 cm), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847; PFO 62%, PN 16%, mean length 26 cm), shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758); PFO 54%, PN 30%), and Pacific giant octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910); PFO 39%, PN 8%, mean weight 31 kg) in spring, and northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra Orr and Matarese, 2000; PFO 78%, PN 47%, mean length 35 cm), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810; PFO 56%, PN 12%, mean length 62 cm), walleye pollock (PFO 44%, PN 7%, mean length 49 cm), and red Irish lord (Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius, 1811); PFO 11%, PN 9%) in fall. Species of Cryptacanthidae, Liparidae, and Zoarcidae were highly represented and exclusive to spring collections. Predictable seasonal concentrations and movements of mature prey along frontal boundaries of the continental shelf and ice edge may be critical to male Steller sea lion fitness during the non-breeding season.
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SANO, MINORU, and TADAO BANDO. "Effect of temperature on growth, feeding and food conversion rates of immature North Pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini in captivity." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 84, no. 1 (2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.17-00039.

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50

SANO, MINORU, ARIHIRO UMEDA, and TAKAHIRO SASAKI. "Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of North Pacific giant octopus Enteroctopus dofleini in a box-fishery off northern Hokkaido in the Sea of Japan." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 83, no. 3 (2017): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.16-00058.

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