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Journal articles on the topic 'Oddball'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Friedel, Evelyn B. N., Michael Bach, and Sven P. Heinrich. "Attentional Interactions Between Vision and Hearing in Event-Related Responses to Crossmodal and Conjunct Oddballs." Multisensory Research 33, no. 3 (2020): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191329.

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Abstract Are alternation and co-occurrence of stimuli of different sensory modalities conspicuous? In a novel audio-visual oddball paradigm, the P300 was used as an index of the allocation of attention to investigate stimulus- and task-related interactions between modalities. Specifically, we assessed effects of modality alternation and the salience of conjunct oddball stimuli that were defined by the co-occurrence of both modalities. We presented (a) crossmodal audio-visual oddball sequences, where both oddballs and standards were unimodal, but of a different modality (i.e., visual oddball with auditory standard, or vice versa), and (b) oddball sequences where standards were randomly of either modality while the oddballs were a combination of both modalities (conjunct stimuli). Subjects were instructed to attend to one of the modalities (whether part of a conjunct stimulus or not). In addition, we also tested specific attention to the conjunct stimuli. P300-like responses occurred even when the oddball was of the unattended modality. The pattern of event-related potential (ERP) responses obtained with the two crossmodal oddball sequences switched symmetrically between stimulus modalities when the task modality was switched. Conjunct oddballs elicited no oddball response if only one modality was attended. However, when conjunctness was specifically attended, an oddball response was obtained. Crossmodal oddballs capture sufficient attention even when not attended. Conjunct oddballs, however, are not sufficiently salient to attract attention when the task is unimodal. Even when specifically attended, the processing of conjunctness appears to involve additional steps that delay the oddball response.

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2

McAuley, J. Devin, and Elisa Kim Fromboluti. "Attentional entrainment and perceived event duration." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1658 (2014): 20130401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0401.

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This study considered the contribution of dynamic attending theory (DAT) and attentional entrainment to systematic distortions in perceived event duration. Three experiments were conducted using an auditory oddball paradigm, in which listeners judged the duration of a deviant (oddball) stimulus embedded within a series of identical (standard) stimuli. To test for a role of attentional entrainment in perceived oddball duration, oddballs were presented at either temporally expected (on time) or unexpectedly early or late time points relative to extrapolation of the context rhythm. Consistent with involvement of attentional entrainment in perceived duration, duration judgements about the oddball were least distorted when the oddball occurred on time with respect to the entrained rhythm, whereas durations of early and late oddballs were perceived to be shorter and longer, respectively. This pattern of results was independent of the absolute time interval preceding the oddball. Moreover, as expected, an irregularly timed sequence context weakened observed differences between oddballs with on-time and late onsets. Combined with other recent work on the role of temporal preparation in duration distortions, the present findings allot at least a portion of the oddball effect to increased attention to events that are more expected, rather than on their unexpected nature per se .

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3

Ali Nazari, Mohammad, Amir Ebneabbasi, Hoda Jalalkamali, and Simon Grondin. "Time Dilation Caused by Oddball Serial Position and Pitch Deviancy." Music Perception 35, no. 4 (2018): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2018.35.4.425.

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When a deviant stimulus is presented within a stream of homogeneous stimuli, its duration tends to be overestimated. Two experiments investigated the effects of oddball serial position and pitch deviancy on perceived duration. In Experiment 1, the oddball method was used, in which an oddball stimulus is embedded in a series of standard stimuli and randomly positioned in each trial. In Experiment 2, the oddball position was stable and its deviancy varied from trial to trial. Musician and nonmusician participants were asked to judge whether the comparison interval was shorter or longer than the standards. The study indicates that for nonmusicians, the duration of an oddball stimulus appears longer than the repeated standard stimuli. Moreover, the oddballs occurring in later positions in the stream of stimuli are perceived to be longer than oddballs occurring in earlier positions in the stream. Also, a higher degree of oddball deviancy results in a greater dilation of perceived duration. In contrast with the results of nonmusicians, there is neither a position nor a deviancy effect with musician participants; the subjective duration remains constant. Several explanations are discussed in order to account for these group differences.

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4

Epstein, Michael L., and Tatiana A. Emmanouil. "Ensemble Statistics Can Be Available before Individual Item Properties: Electroencephalography Evidence Using the Oddball Paradigm." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 6 (2021): 1056–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01704.

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Abstract Behavioral studies have shown that statistical properties of object groups are perceived accurately with brief exposure durations. This finding motivated the hypothesis that ensemble perception occurs rapidly in vision. However, the precise timing of ensemble perception remains unclear. Here, we used the superior temporal resolution of electroencephalography to directly compare the timing of ensemble processing to that of individual object processing. The P3b was chosen as a particular component of interest, as it is thought to measure the latency of stimulus evaluation. Participants performed a simple “oddball” task in which sets of 51 lines with varied orientations sequentially flashed briefly on the display. In these sequences, there was a 20% chance of an individual oddball, wherein one marked object tilted clockwise, and a 20% chance of an ensemble oddball, wherein the average orientation of the set tilted clockwise. In counterbalanced blocks, participants were instructed to respond to either individual or ensemble oddballs. ERP analysis was performed to test the timing of this processing. At parietal electrodes, P3b components were found for both individual and ensemble oddballs. Ensemble P3b components were found to occur significantly earlier than individual P3b components, as measured with both 50% area latency and 50% onset latency. Using multivariate pattern analysis, ensemble oddball trials were classifiable from standard trials significantly earlier in their timecourse than individual oddball trials. Altogether, these results provide compelling evidence that ensemble perception occurs rapidly and that ensemble properties can be available earlier than individual object properties.

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5

Alpert, Mark. "Neutron Oddball." Scientific American 298, no. 1 (2008): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0108-24.

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6

Verleger, Rolf, and Patrick Berg. "The Waltzing Oddball." Psychophysiology 28, no. 4 (1991): 468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00733.x.

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7

Neeman, Amnon. "Oddball Bousfield classes." Topology 39, no. 5 (2000): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-9383(99)00040-3.

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8

Bauer, H., T. Radil, and Ch Rebert. "The ‘Oddball — CNV’." International Journal of Psychophysiology 7, no. 2-4 (1989): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(89)90081-0.

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9

Bell, Elaine. "Oddball T cells." Nature Reviews Immunology 3, no. 5 (2003): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1099.

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10

Wehrman, Jordan. "The simultaneous oddball: Oddball presentation does not affect simultaneity judgments." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 4 (2020): 1654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01866-6.

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11

Chertoff, Mark E., Robert Goldstein, and Michael R. Mease. "Early Event-Related Potentials with Passive Subject Participation." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 3 (1988): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3103.460.

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An oddball paradigm was used to elicit event-related potentials from 10 normal-hearing young adult subjects. The frequent signal (90% probability) was a 1000 Hz tone burst at 75 dB nHL and the oddball signal (10% probability) was a similar tone burst at 60 dB nHL. A mock or control condition in which both frequent and oddball signals were 60 dB nHL also was run. The subjects were given no instructions other than to lie quietly on a cot in a test booth. They were awake throughout the test session. The identical procedure was repeated in a second session at least 24 hr after the first. Subtraction of the frequent (60 dB nHL) from the oddball (60 dB nHL} averaged evoked potential (AEP) in the mock condition yielded virtually a straight line. However, subtraction of the frequent (75 dB nHL) AEP from the oddball (60 dB nHL) AEP revealed a negative difference that peaked at about 175 ms. Subtraction of either the frequent or the oddball AEP obtained in the mock condition from the 60 dB nHL oddball of the experimental condition also produced a negative peak at about 175 ms and, in addition, a smaller negative difference that peaked at about 75 ms. Observations were consistent across sessions.

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12

Alexander, Joel E., Ben Crowson, Kelly Machan, et al. "Effects of Self-Evaluation on the P300 Event-Related Potential." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 2 (2005): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.2.409-420.

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The effects of self evaluation on the P300 event-related potential (ERP) were explored with 56 participants (16 men, 40 women; M age = 23.4 yr., SD = 1.2) across three conditions. The conditions included (1) a standard ERP auditory oddball discrimination between a random target (15% occurrence) and standard stimuli (85% occurrence), (2) the oddball task followed by the additional cognitive task of maintaining a mental count of the target tones, and (3) the oddball task followed by the additional cognitive task of self-evaluating whether they felt surprised by the current occurrence of the target tone. The added cognitive requirements for Conditions 2 and 3 required the subjects to maintain a cognitive readiness for the secondary stimulus-related task during their sensory discrimination response for the standard oddball task. During the self-evaluation condition, the P300 amplitude was significantly larger across all recording locations than the regular oddball condition and the cognitive count condition.

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13

Gao, Yang, Raymond Tak Fai Cheung, Junling Gao, Esther Y. Y. Lau, Jacky Ho Yin Wan, and Mo Yin Mok. "Electrophysiological Study on Cognitive Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Previous Neuropsychiatric Involvement." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 48, no. 4 (2016): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059416660956.

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This study aimed to evaluate P300 as an electrophysiological marker of cognitive function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had previous neuropsychiatric (NPSLE) involvement and were diagnosed to have cognitive impairment by standard neuropsychological tests. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were assessed by the auditory and visual oddball paradigms. Amplitude and latency of P300 at the frontal (Fz), central (Cz), and parietal (Pz) regions were determined and compared with controls. P300 detection was performed in NPSLE patients with pre-diagnosed cognitive impairment (n = 9), matched SLE patients without previous NPSLE (non-NPSLE) (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 15). Auditory oddball task did not show any P300 abnormality between groups. Visual oddball task revealed reduced amplitude of P300 over Fz ( P = .002) and Cz ( P = .009) electrodes in NPSLE patients compared with healthy controls and among those who had predominant memory deficit ( P = .01 at Fz). Abnormal P300 was also observed in non-NPSLE patients at Fz and Cz. Using visual oddball paradigm, abnormal P300 was found in NPSLE patients over frontal and parietal regions compared with normal controls but was not discriminative from possible subclinical disease in non-NPSLE patients. In conclusion, visual oddball paradigm was a more sensitive electrophysiological marker than auditory oddball paradigm for cognitive impairment in NPSLE patients.

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14

LUBMAN, DAN I., NICHOLAS B. ALLEN, LESLEY A. PETERS, and J. F. WILLIAM DEAKIN. "Electrophysiological evidence of the motivational salience of drug cues in opiate addiction." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 8 (2007): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707009932.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundDrug-related stimuli reliably induce craving in experimental paradigms, yet are rarely cited by drug users as major precipitants of relapse. We examined the motivational significance of drug cues in opiate dependence, by exploring their impact on central attentional processes.MethodFourteen methadone-maintained subjects and 14 matched controls were studied. Subjects performed a novel active visual oddball task, consisting of opiate-related and matched neutral pictures, some of which (the oddballs) included a white cup. Subjects were fitted with a 32-channel electrode cap. The P300 for each stimulus category was identified using temporal principal components analysis.ResultsThe P300 elicited by opiate stimuli was significantly larger than that elicited by neutral stimuli in the methadone-maintained group but not in the controls. There was also a non-significant trend for the opiate stimuli to elicit larger P300s than the oddball stimuli in the addicted group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that drug cues acquire motivational salience and automatically capture attentional resources in opiate addicts, even when engaged in a non-drug-related task. Enhanced P300s to drug cues may provide an important biological marker of crucial psychological mechanisms relevant to addiction.

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15

William B. Fischer. "Whimsical Avant-Garde Oddball." Science Fiction Studies 40, no. 2 (2013): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5621/sciefictstud.40.2.0389.

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16

İŞOĞLU-ALKAÇ, ÜMMÜHAN, KARINA KEDZIOR, SACİT KARAMÜRSEL, and NUMAN ERMUTLU. "EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS DURING AUDITORY ODDBALL, AND COMBINED AUDITORY ODDBALL–VISUAL PARADIGMS." International Journal of Neuroscience 117, no. 4 (2007): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207450600773509.

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17

Verleger, Rolf, and Kamila Śmigasiewicz. "Do Rare Stimuli Evoke Large P3s by Being Unexpected? A Comparison of Oddball Effects Between Standard-Oddball and Prediction-Oddball Tasks." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 12, no. 2 (2016): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0189-9.

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18

Birngruber, Teresa, Hannes Schröter, and Rolf Ulrich. "What Makes an Oddball Odd? Evidence from a Spatially Predictable Temporal Oddball Paradigm." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 126 (March 2014): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.365.

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19

Warren, Claire V., María J. Maraver, Alberto de Luca, and Bruno Kopp. "The Effect of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) on P3 Event-Related Potentials during a Bayesian Oddball Task." Brain Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060404.

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Transcutaneous auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique associated with possible modulation of norepinephrinergic (NE) activity. NE is suspected to contribute to generation of the P3 event-related potential. Recent evidence has produced equivocal evidence whether taVNS influences the P3 in healthy individuals during oddball tasks. We examined the effect of taVNS on P3 amplitudes using a novel visual Bayesian oddball task, which presented 200 sequences of three stimuli. The three consecutive stimuli in each sequence are labelled Draw 1, Draw 2 and Draw 3. In total, 47 Subjects completed this visual Bayesian oddball task under randomised sham and active taVNS stimulation in parallel with an electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. We conducted exploratory analyses of the effect of taVNS on P3 amplitudes separately for Draws. We found typical oddball effects on P3 amplitudes at Draws 1 and 2, but not Draw 3. At Draw 2, the oddball effect was enhanced during active compared to sham taVNS stimulation. These data provide evidence that taVNS influences parietal P3 amplitudes under specific circumstances. Only P3 amplitudes at Draw 2 were affected, which may relate to closure of Bayesian inference after Draw 2. Our findings seemingly support previously reported links between taVNS and the NE system.

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20

Teles, Elivia Silva, Maria Joaquina Do Carmo Neta, Pollyana Soares Lustosa, et al. "Análise do tempo de reação simples e do paradigma oddball em estudantes antes e após participação em atividades acadêmicas: uma análise da neurociência aplicada a educação." Fisioterapia Brasil 20, no. 1 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/fb.v20i1.2732.

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Introdução: O tempo de reação é uma medida que indica o tempo que uma pessoa leva para iniciar um movimento. Há situações em que o tempo de reação encontra-se alterado, comprometendo o processamento da informação, com diminuição na detecção, transmissão e processamento dos estímulos. Objetivo: Investigar o tempo de reação visual em acadêmicos antes e após atividades avaliativas, nas diversas disciplinas. Metodologia: 50 acadêmicos foram analisados antes e após atividades avaliativas por meio do tempo de reação simples e paradigma oddball. Resultados: Com relação ao tempo de reação simples, o tempo de reação visual antes das atividades avaliativas foi menor que após, em contradição com o paradigma oddball. Verificou-se que a média geral do tempo de reação simples para prova prática foi maior comparado às demais, já no paradigma oddball verificou-se que a média geral para apresentação de seminário foi maior, comparado às demais. Conclusão: Diferenças significativas no tempo de reação simples e tempo de reação segundo paradigma oddball foram encontrados entre acadêmicos antes e após atividades avaliativas. Porém no tempo de reação simples foram encontrados valores menores antes das atividades, quando comparados com após, e o contrário foi encontrado no paradigma oddball.Palavras-chave: tempo de reação, atividades avaliativas, paradigma oddball.

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21

Miller, Antoinette R., J. Peter Rosenfeld, Matthew Soskins, and Marianne Jhee. "P300 Amplitude and Topography in an Autobiographical Oddball Paradigm Involving Simulated Amnesia." Journal of Psychophysiology 16, no. 1 (2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.16.1.1.

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Abstract The P300 component of the event-related potential was recorded during two blocks of an autobiographical oddball task. All participants performed honestly during the first block (Phone), i.e., the oddball stimuli were phone numbers. During the second block (Birthday), in which the oddball stimuli were participants' birthdays, a Truth group (N = 13) performed honestly and a Malinger group (N = 14) simulated amnesia. Amnesia simulation significantly reduced P300 amplitudes, both between groups and within the Malinger group (Phone vs. Birthday), possibly because of an increase in task difficulty in the Malinger condition. Analysis of scaled amplitudes also indicated a trend for a feigning-related alteration in P300 topography. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes detected significantly more (93%) Malinger individuals than bootstrapping of baseline-to-peak amplitudes (64%). Bootstrapping also provided evidence of a feigning-related amplitude difference between oddball stimuli (i.e., Phone > Birthday) in 71% of Malinger group individuals. In this comparison, the peak-to-peak measure also performed significantly better in intraindividual diagnostics.

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22

Chresta, Christine M., and John A. Hickman. "Oddball p53 in testicular tumors." Nature Medicine 2, no. 7 (1996): 745–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0796-745.

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23

Monastersky, R. "Evolutionary Oddball Surfaces in Greenland." Science News 142, no. 2 (1992): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976832.

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24

Demiralp, Tamer, Ahmet Ademoglu, Yorgo Istefanopulos, Canan Başar-Eroglu, and Erol Başar. "Wavelet analysis of oddball P300." International Journal of Psychophysiology 39, no. 2-3 (2001): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00143-4.

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25

McCullag, Jennifer, Jeffrey Weihing, and Frank Musiek. "Comparisons of P300s from Standard Oddball and Omitted Paradigms: Implications to Exogenous/Endogenous Contributions." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 20, no. 03 (2009): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.20.3.5.

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Purpose: To compare the amplitude, latency, morphology, and threshold of the auditory P300 using standard oddball and omitted paradigms. Research Design: P300 waveforms were measured from the Cz electrode site. Frequent stimuli for both paradigms were 1000 Hz tone bursts. Target stimuli for the standard oddball paradigm were 2000 Hz tone bursts and an omitted stimulus, or silent gap, for the omitted paradigm. Study Sample: Fifteen bilaterally normal-hearing young adults. Results: There were significantly lower amplitudes, poorer morphology, and higher thresholds for the P300 using an omitted paradigm compared to the standard oddball paradigm. Conclusion: These results suggest that the auditory P300 could have a larger exogenous component than traditionally thought.

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26

Schweitzer, Richard, Sabrina Trapp, and Moshe Bar. "Associated Information Increases Subjective Perception of Duration." Perception 46, no. 8 (2017): 1000–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006616689579.

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Our sense of time is prone to various biases. For instance, one factor that can dilate an event's perceived duration is the violation of predictions; when a series of repeated stimuli is interrupted by an unpredictable oddball. On the other hand, when the probability of a repetition itself is manipulated, predictable conditions can also increase estimated duration. This suggests that manipulations of expectations have different or even opposing effects on time perception. In previous studies, expectations were generated because stimuli were repeated or because the likelihood of a sequence or a repetition was varied. In the natural environment, however, expectations are often built via associative processes, for example, the context of a kitchen promotes the expectation of plates, appliances, and other associated objects. Here, we manipulated such association-based expectations by using oddballs that were either contextually associated or nonassociated with the standard items. We find that duration was more strongly overestimated for contextually associated oddballs. We reason that top-down attention is biased toward associated information, and thereby dilates subjective duration for associated oddballs. Based on this finding, we propose an interplay between top-down attention and predictive processing in the perception of time.

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27

Yoshida, Kazuki, Kenta Takeda, Tetsuko Kasai, et al. "Focused attention meditation training modifies neural activity and attention: longitudinal EEG data in non-meditators." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 2 (2020): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa020.

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Abstract Focused attention meditation (FAM) is a basic meditation practice that cultivates attentional control and monitoring skills. Cross-sectional studies have highlighted high cognitive performance and discriminative neural activity in experienced meditators. However, a direct relationship between neural activity changes and improvement of attention caused by meditation training remains to be elucidated. To investigate this, we conducted a longitudinal study, which evaluated the results of electroencephalography (EEG) during three-stimulus oddball task, resting state and FAM before and after 8 weeks of FAM training in non-meditators. The FAM training group (n = 17) showed significantly higher P3 amplitude during the oddball task and shorter reaction time (RT) for target stimuli compared to that of the control group (n = 20). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between F4-Oz theta band phase synchrony index (PSI) during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task and a significant positive correlation between F4-Pz theta band PSI during FAM and P3 amplitude during the oddball task were observed. In contrast, these correlations were not observed in the control group. These findings provide direct evidence of the effectiveness of FAM training and contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the effects of meditation on brain activity and cognitive performance.

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Fedotova, A. A., and A. V. Kirenskaya. "Effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on N100 component of auditory evoked potential and oddball task performance in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 4-1 (December 9, 2019): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2019-4-1-109-111.

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The study was conducted with the participation of 47 healthy subjects and 48 schizophrenia patients. The different effects of Val158Met polymorphism have been found in the control and patients groups. The increased N100 amplitude and minimal number of the error responses in oddball task were revealed in healthy subjects with Val/Val genotype. In patients group Val/Val genotype was related to the decreased N100 amplitude and worse performance of oddball task.

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Camalier, Corrie R., Kaylee Scarim, Mortimer Mishkin, and Bruno B. Averbeck. "A Comparison of Auditory Oddball Responses in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, and Auditory Cortex of Macaque." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 7 (2019): 1054–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01387.

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The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an ERP component seen in response to unexpected “novel” stimuli, such as in an auditory oddball task. The MMN is of wide interest and application, but the neural responses that generate it are poorly understood. This is in part due to differences in design and focus between animal and human oddball paradigms. For example, one of the main explanatory models, the “predictive error hypothesis”, posits differences in timing and selectivity between signals carried in auditory and prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, these predictions have not been fully tested because (1) noninvasive techniques used in humans lack the combined spatial and temporal precision necessary for these comparisons and (2) single-neuron studies in animal models, which combine necessary spatial and temporal precision, have not focused on higher order contributions to novelty signals. In addition, accounts of the MMN traditionally do not address contributions from subcortical areas known to be involved in novelty detection, such as the amygdala. To better constrain hypotheses and to address methodological gaps between human and animal studies, we recorded single neuron activity from the auditory cortex, dorsolateral PFC, and basolateral amygdala of two macaque monkeys during an auditory oddball paradigm modeled after that used in humans. Consistent with predictions of the predictive error hypothesis, novelty signals in PFC were generally later than in auditory cortex and were abstracted from stimulus-specific effects seen in auditory cortex. However, we found signals in amygdala that were comparable in magnitude and timing to those in PFC, and both prefrontal and amygdala signals were generally much weaker than those in auditory cortex. These observations place useful quantitative constraints on putative generators of the auditory oddball-based MMN and additionally indicate that there are subcortical areas, such as the amygdala, that may be involved in novelty detection in an auditory oddball paradigm.

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30

Stokes, Thomas A., Allaire K. Welk, Olga A. Zielinska, and Douglas J. Gillan. "The Oddball Effect and Inattentional Blindness: How Unexpected Events Influence Our Perceptions Of Time." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 1753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601919.

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Inattentional blindness is a phenomenon in which an unexpected event goes unnoticed (at a conscious level) during a demanding task. The oddball effect is a perceptual phenomenon whereby novel or unexpected stimuli result in longer perceived time durations. The two phenomenon – inattentional blindness and the oddball effect—seem to have no surface relationship, however they share an important commonality: both occur in the presence of unexpected events. The present research aims to connect the two bodies of work, and examine if and how the oddball effect manifests itself within an inattentional blindness paradigm. The results of this research have important implications including understanding the effect of unexpected events on conscious attention and how the conscious processing of the event influences time perception. Results may also inform the design of systems that support tasks that require keeping track of elapsed duration when unexpected events may occur.

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31

Schalles, Matt D., Jason Mulsow, Dorian S. Houser, James J. Finneran, Peter L. Tyack, and Barbara Shinn-Cunningham. "Auditory oddball responses in Tursiops truncatus." JASA Express Letters 1, no. 8 (2021): 081202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0005991.

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32

Vaidhiyan, Nidhin Koshy, and Rajesh Sundaresan. "Learning to Detect an Oddball Target." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64, no. 2 (2018): 831–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2017.2778264.

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33

Ledlow, Michael J., Frazer N. Owen, and William C. Keel. "Two interesting cases of oddball AGN." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2004, IAUS222 (2004): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921304002881.

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34

Szanyi, István, László Jenkovszky, Rainer Schicker, and Volodymyr Svintozelskyi. "Pomeron/glueball and odderon/oddball trajectories." Nuclear Physics A 998 (June 2020): 121728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121728.

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Başar-Eroglu, Canan, Tamer Demiralp, Martin Schürmann, and Erol Başar. "Topological distribution of oddball ‘P300’ responses." International Journal of Psychophysiology 39, no. 2-3 (2001): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00142-2.

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Yoshiura, T., J. Zhong, D. K. Shibata, E. Kwok, and Y. Numaguchi. "Functional MRI Study of Oddball Tasks." NeuroImage 7, no. 4 (1998): S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30903-0.

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Grune, K., T. Baldeweg, M. Mölle, and P. Ullsperger. "P300 in two concurrent oddball tasks." International Journal of Psychophysiology 11, no. 1 (1991): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(91)90154-p.

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Recker, W. W. "Discrete choice with an oddball alternative." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 29, no. 3 (1995): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(95)00002-u.

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Wehrman, Jordan, and Paul Sowman. "Oddball onset timing: Little evidence of early gating of oddball stimuli from tapping, reacting, and producing." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 83, no. 5 (2021): 2291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-021-02257-6.

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Birngruber, Teresa, Hannes Schröter, and Rolf Ulrich. "Duration perception of visual and auditory oddball stimuli: Does judgment task modulate the temporal oddball effect?" Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 76, no. 3 (2014): 814–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-013-0602-2.

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Goena, Javier, María Sol Garcés, Irene Alústiza, et al. "M147. ABERRANT TIMING AND ODDBALL DETECTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: FINDINGS FROM A TIME DISCRIMINATION / ODDBALL FMRI STUDY." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.459.

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Abstract Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with deficits in both temporal and salience processing. The underlying neurological dysfunctions in both processes, which are interrelated and share neuroanatomical bases, remain poorly understood. Our main objective is to examine the hypothesis that the dysfunction of the brain circuits involved in time and salience processing underlies the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia and, to a lesser extent, in bipolar disorder (BD). Methods 10 schizophrenia patients, 7 bipolar depression patients and 10 healthy volunteers carried out an original experimental test of TD/OD during fMRI brain scanning. All participants performed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery to assess their cognitive profile. Results We found that SZ patients showed hypoactivation in cortical and subcortical areas related both with time processing and Salience Network. The dysfunction observed during timing tasks partially coincided with deficiencies in Oddball tasks. Discussion A dysfunctional timing/salience detection network underlies the cognitive impairment observed in SZ but not in BD patients.

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Marshall, Benjamin, Roi Cohen Kadosh, and Devin B. Terhune. "Spatial magnitude modulates the perceived duration of oddballs: Evidence against attentional theories of the oddball effect." Multisensory Research 26, no. 1-2 (2013): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-000s0163.

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Alústiza, Irene, María Sol Garcés, Javier Goena, Anton Albajes-Eizagirre, and Felipe Ortuño. "M64. ADDRESSING THE ROLE OF TIMING ON COGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.376.

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Abstract Background Schizophrenia (SZ) patients show activity deficits in brain regions that are conventionally associated with time perception. The dysfunction observed during timing tasks partially coincides with that evidenced during change-detection ones (both of attentional processing during odball paradigm and of preattentional processing in the mismatch negativity response). The implication is that timing dysfunction might underlie aberrant Salience Network (SN) and therefore cognitive impairment observed in SZ. In order to support this idea, we would like to examine it in HC. We hypothesize that neuroanatomical bases of time and salience processing are highly shared and interrelated not only in SZ but also in HC. The principal objective of this study was to elucidate whether there are any brain regions that show overlapped response during timing and oddball tasks in HC. Methods We conducted three independent comprehensive literature searches of whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in HC using timing and oddball tasks. The searches were applied to the PubMed search engine up to October 2019. Keywords used in the first search were: ((“Temporal processing” OR “temporal discrimination” OR “time perception” OR “temporal estimation” OR “time estimation” OR “internal clock” OR “interval timing” OR “timing”) AND (“functional magnetic resonance imaging” OR “fMRI”) AND (“healthy volunteers” OR “healthy comparison” OR “healthy adult participants” OR “healthy comparison subjects” OR “healthy control subjects” OR “healthy subjects” OR “healthy individuals” OR “healthy participants” OR “healthy controls” OR “healthy” OR “controls” OR “control subjects”)). Keywords used in the second search were: ((“oddball”) AND (“event-related”)) together with the terms mentioned above referring to HC and fMRI. Last search used the same keywords but combined with (“mismatch negativity” OR “MMN”). We excluded studies that 1) used a region-of-interest approach; 2) did not report peak coordinates; 3) used different statistical thresholds in different regions of the brain; 4) used techniques other than fMRI; 5) were case reports, qualitative studies, reviews or meta-analyses. We ran three signed differential mapping (SDM) meta-analyses of fMRI studies assessing the brain response to timing and oddball paradigm in HC. Then, we carried out a multimodal meta-analysis to combine the findings from the three previous SDM meta-analyses. Results Our initial search returned several papers, but application of inclusion criteria reduced this number to 17. Among them, 8 studied timing (which included a total of 129 HC), 8 examined attentional oddball paradigm (which included a total of 125 HC) and 3 MMN (which included a total of 52 HC). Meta -analysis results of timing studies HC showed significantly activation in left supplementary motor area (BA 8), left middle frontal gyrus (BA 10), right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45), right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40), corpus callosum, left inferior network, left striatum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus and left cerebellum. Meta-analysis results of attentional oddball paradigm studies HC showed significantly activation in right supplementary motor area (BA 32), left postcentral gyrus (BA2), right rolandic operculum (BA 48), right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) and left insula (BA 48). Meta-analysis results of preattentional oddball paradigm studies HC showed significantly activation in corpus callosum. Discussion The current study supports the hypothesis that there exists an overlap between neural structures engaged by both timing and oddball tasks in HC. Since timing might be a primary cognitive function, its better understanding could help to improve the approach of treatment in SZ.

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Miller, Antoinette R., and J. Peter Rosenfeld. "Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits." Journal of Psychophysiology 18, no. 1 (2004): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.18.1.13.

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Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between-group differences in a frontally located post-P300 component. Honest responses were associated with late frontal amplitudes larger than deceptive responses at frontal sites in the low PPT group only.

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Fernandez Cruz, Ana Lucia, Chien-Ming Chen, Ryan Sanford, et al. "Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0243670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243670.

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Objective This study used converging methods to examine the neural substrates of cognitive ability in middle-aged and older men with well-controlled HIV infection. Methods Seventy-six HIV+ men on antiretroviral treatment completed an auditory oddball task and an inhibitory control (Simon) task while time-locked high-density EEG was acquired; 66 had usable EEG data from one or both tasks; structural MRI was available for 43. We investigated relationships between task-evoked EEG responses, cognitive ability and immunocompromise. We also explored the structural correlates of these EEG markers in the sub-sample with complete EEG and MRI data (N = 27). Results EEG activity was associated with cognitive ability at later (P300) but not earlier stages of both tasks. Only the oddball task P300 was reliably associated with HIV severity (nadir CD4). Source localization confirmed that the tasks engaged partially distinct circuits. Thalamus volume correlated with oddball task P300 amplitude, while globus pallidus volume was related to the P300 in both tasks. Interpretation This is the first study to use task-evoked EEG to identify neural correlates of individual differences in cognition in men living with well-controlled HIV infection, and to explore the structural basis of the EEG markers. We found that EEG responses evoked by the oddball task are more reliably related to cognitive performance than those evoked by the Simon task. We also provide preliminary evidence for a subcortical contribution to the effects of HIV infection severity on P300 amplitudes. These results suggest brain mechanisms and candidate biomarkers for individual differences in cognition in HIV.

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Schlüter, Helge, Ryan P. Hackländer, and Christina Bermeitinger. "Emotional oddball: A review on memory effects." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26, no. 5 (2019): 1472–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01658-x.

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LI, Baolin, Xiting HUANG, Cuihua BI, and Youguo CHEN. "Distortions of Time Perception: The Oddball Effect." Advances in Psychological Science 21, no. 6 (2013): 1086–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2013.01086.

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Huettel, Scott A., and Gregory McCarthy. "What is odd in the oddball task?" Neuropsychologia 42, no. 3 (2004): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.07.009.

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Brem, Elizabeth A., and Anthony Letai. "BOK: Oddball of the BCL-2 Family." Trends in Cell Biology 26, no. 6 (2016): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2016.04.007.

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Rockstroh, Brigitte, Matthias Müller, Andrea Heinz, Michael Wagner, Patrick Berg, and Thomas Elbert. "Modulation of auditory responses during oddball tasks." Biological Psychology 43, no. 1 (1996): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(95)05175-9.

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