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Journal articles on the topic 'Odonis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Porter, Camarin. "Gerald Odonis' Commentary on the Ethics: A Discussion of the Manuscripts and General Survey." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 241–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428131.

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AbstractGerald Odonis produced a lengthy commentary on the Ethics, recognized by both his contemporaries and modern scholars as a substantial analysis of Aristotelian thought on the virtues, the will, moral choice, justice, and the nature of ethical inquiry. As recent research on late-medieval ethics has expanded deeper into these discussions, interest in Odonis' contributions has grown, but it has been limited textually to the two early printed editions of the work. The present survey of the commentary's manuscript tradition investigates the codices attributed to Odonis, identifies the incomplete witnesses and misattributions, and clarifies the nature of the manuscripts recently assigned to Odonis.

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2

Lambertini, Roberto. "Letters and Politics: Gerald Odonis vs. Francis of Marchia." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428177.

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AbstractGerald Odonis and Francis of Marchia, both Franciscan masters of theology active in the early fourteenth century, played an important role in the controversies that split the Franciscan Order as a result of Pope John XXII's decisions concerning the theory of religious poverty. They fought on opposite fronts: Odonis was elected Minister General after the deposition of Michael of Cesena, whom Francis supported in the struggle against the pope. This paper reconstructs the different stages at which Francis became a target of Odonis' repressive actions against his dissident former confreres, from the first mention of Francis' name in the lists of rebels to the letter Quid niteris, where Odonis reproaches Francis for his purported violations of the Franciscan Rule. Odonis most probably intentionally avoided entering the slippery ground of the poverty controversy and preferred attacking Francis on ecclesio-political issues.

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3

Spruyt, Joke. "Gerald Odonis on the Notion of esse tertio adiacens." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428122.

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AbstractGerald Odonis' logic is generous in its acceptance of ontological counterparts of linguistic expressions. He claims that universals have an objective status and are independent of our mental operations. This article takes a closer look at his views on the meaning of what he calls esse tertio adiacens, i.e., the type of being expressed in propositions of the form 'S is P'. To a certain extent Odonis' analysis resembles Peter of Spain's account of compositio. Unlike his predecessor, however, Odonis thinks that the 'being' used in any true statement, regardless of whether the subject exists or not, is univocal. It turns out that Odonis' account is more in line with John Duns Scotus' intensionalist theory of propositional composition.

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4

Piron, Sylvain, and Giovanni Ceccarelli. "Gerald Odonis' Economics Treatise." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 164–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428104.

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AbstractGerald Odonis' treatise on contracts, restitutions, and excommunication is one of his earliest works, composed in Toulouse ca. 1315-17. Mainly based on Peter John Olivi's De contractibus, but using a variety of other sources and offering some original arguments as well, it is remarkable for its pragmatic approach to economic phenomena. His rejection of the rational argument against usury reveals a casual use of the bull Exiit qui seminat, defining Franciscan poverty, as well as a change of assumptions in the approach to economic exchange. Whereas various explanations can be provided for the provocative aspect of this youthful treatise, all in all, it can best be described as a free and uninhibited interpretation of the scholastic tradition.

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5

Duba, William. "The Beatific Vision in the Sentences Commentary of Gerald Odonis." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428168.

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AbstractThe most studied source for Gerald Odonis' doctrine of the beatific vision is the text of his Advent 1333 disputed question known as his Quodlibet. The polemic nature of the question and its structural idiosyncrasies have led to difficulties in interpreting Odonis' theory of the “middle vision” of the divine essence that the separate souls of the blessed have, as well as in understanding his defense of Pope John XXII's controversial opinion (which excludes such a middle vision). By relating Odonis' 1333 disputation to his earlier commentary on the Sentences, most notably his systematic discussion of the beatific vision in book IV, this paper shows how Odonis tried to fit his doctrine of the “middle vision” with his previous discussion, which itself reflects the influence of the 1317 publication of the acts of the 1311-12 Council of Vienne.

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6

Schabel, Chris. "Gerald Odonis on the Plurality of Worlds." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428159.

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AbstractPierre Duhem and Eugenio Randi have investigated the later-medieval history of the problem of whether the existence of more than one world is possible, determining that Aristotle's denial of that possibility was rejected on theological grounds in the second half of the thirteenth century, but it was Nicole Oresme in the mid-fourteenth century who gave the strongest philosophical arguments against the Peripatetic stance, opting instead for Plato's position. For different reasons, neither Duhem nor Randi was able to examine Gerald Odonis' question on the subject. In this text, edited here, Odonis also opposes Aristotle for philosophical reasons and sides explicitly with Plato. Was Oresme aware of Odonis' opinion?

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7

Schmidt, Ana Rieger. "Did the medieval philosophers admit the identity principle as prior to the principle of non-contradiction?" Veritas (Porto Alegre) 63, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2018.3.28846.

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The present article deals with the not very common opinion among medieval philosophers according to which the identity principle (ens est ens) is the true first principle, undermining the primacy of the principle of non-contradiction. Following a refutation of this position in the logical work of the Franciscan Geraldus Odonis, we intend to investigate its target as well as other cases of the same dispute in 14th century authors: Antoine Andre, John of Buridan, John of Baconthorpe and Nicolas of Autrecourt. We defend that Odonis presents a successful response to this position. *** Os filósofos medievais admitiam o princípio de identidade como primeiro ao princípio de não contradição? ***Este artigo aborda uma opinião pouco comum entre os filósofos medievais, segundo a qual o princípio de identidade (ens est ens) é o verdadeiro primeiro princípio, enfraquecendo a primazia do princípio de não-contradição. Seguindo uma refutação dessa posição na obra lógica do franciscano Geraldo Odonis, pretendemos investigar seu alvo, além de outros casos da mesma disputa em autores do século XIV: Antônio André, João de Baconthorpe e Nicolás de Autrecourt. Defendemos que Odonis apresenta uma resposta satisfatória à posição mencionada.Palavras-Chave Palavras chave: Princípio de não-contradição, identidade, lógica, Geraldo Odon, Antônio André, João de Baconthorpe e Nicolás de Autrecourt.

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8

de Boer, Sander, and Paul Bakker. "Locus est spatium On Gerald Odonis' Quaestio de loco." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 295–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428140.

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AbstractThis article examines Gerald Odonis' view on the nature of place as found in his commentary on the Sentences (Sent. II, d. 2, qq. 3-5) and in an anonymous question (Utrum locus sit ultima superficies corporis ambientis immobile primum) extant in manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229. Both texts defend a thoroughly un-Aristotelian conception of place as three-dimensional space. Odonis not only deviates from Aristotle's definition of place as the inner surface of a surrounding body, but also from the positions of his contemporaries, including fellow Franciscans. Despite some remarkable doctrinal similarities between Odonis' view and that of Renaissance innovators like Francesco Patrizi and Bernardino Telesio, it seems unlikely that Gerald played a role in the rise of new conceptions of place in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. An edition of the anonymous Quaestio de loco is given in an appendix.

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9

Brown, Stephen. "Gerald Odonis' Tractatus de suppositionibus: What is suppositio communicabilis?" Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428113.

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AbstractThe Tractatus de suppositionibus, which is cited by Gerald Odonis in his commentary on the Sentences, probably dates from ca. 1315-25. In the Sentences commentary he refers to his treatment of 'suppositio communicabilis' and its species, indicating a type of supposition whose language seems new. This article attempts to find a source for it in contemporary authors and arrives at the conclusion that 'communicabilis' is simply a synonym for 'personalis', the most common form of supposition according to Odonis.

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10

Saarinen, Risto. "The Parts of Prudence: Buridan, Odonis, Aquinas." Dialogue 42, no. 4 (2003): 749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300005734.

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RésuméCet article traite de la théorie de l'action du début du XIVe siècle, en particulier de l'émergence et de la cohérence des jugements suscitant l'action. Pour Thomas d'Aquin, les trois «parties de la prudence» sont: 1) l'eubulia (la «bonne délibération»); 2) la synesis (le «bon jugement»); 3) le commandement d'agir qui en résulte. Le vocabulaire de Thomas d'Aquin, emprunté à l'Éthique à Nicomaque d'Aristote, livre VI, se raffine substantiellement dans les écrits de Gérard Odon et Jean Buridan. Entre autres, leur discussion de la circonspection et de la prudence lors du processus de délibération jette un éclairage nouveau sur la conception que le Moyen Âge sefaisait de la «faiblesse de la volonté».

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11

Schabel, Chris. "The Sentences Commentary of Gerardus Odonis, OFM." Bulletin de Philosophie Médiévale 46 (January 2004): 115–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.bpm.2.303885.

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12

Schabel, Chris. "Projectile Motion in a Vacuum According to Francesc Marbres, Francis of Marchia, Gerald Odonis, and Nicholas Bonet." Early Science and Medicine 22, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00221p03.

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In the third decade of the fourteenth century, the first definitive steps were taken to replace Aristotle’s theory of projectile motion and to apply the new theory to explain finite motion in a vacuum. The main actors in this shift were the Franciscan theologians Francis of Marchia, Gerald Odonis, and Nicholas Bonet, as well as Francesc Marbres, the artist formerly known as ‘John the Canon,’ but there is some confusion about their respective roles. Over the past decade, critical editions and manuscript studies of the pertinent texts of Marchia, Odonis, and Marbres have provided the raw materials to straighten out what some have considered the early background to the Galilean theory of projectile motion.

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13

Gál, Gedeon. "Geraldus Odonis: On the Univocity of the Concept of Being." Franciscan Studies 52, no. 1 (1992): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frc.1992.0007.

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14

Kent, Bonnie. "The Good Will According to Gerald Odonis, Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham." Franciscan Studies 46, no. 1 (1986): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frc.1986.0018.

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15

de Rijk, L. M. "Gerardus Odonis O.F.M. on the Principle of Non-Contradiction and the Proper Nature of Demonstration." Franciscan Studies 54, no. 1 (1994): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/frc.1994.0004.

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16

Langholm, O. "Geraldus Odonis, Franciscan Minister General and Scholar: The Life and Thought of a Controversial Friar." History of Political Economy 47, no. 4 (January 1, 2015): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-3321360.

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17

Bakker, Paul J. J. M. "Guiral Ot Et Le Mouvement. Autour De La Question De Motu Conservée Dans Le Manuscrit Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229." Early Science and Medicine 8, no. 4 (2003): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338203x00170.

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AbstractThis article examines the authenticity of an anonymous question on local motion ( Utrum omne quod movetur ab alio moveatur ab eo distincto) extant in manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229. This quaestio discusses the motion of three types of mobile objects, namely celestial bodies, heavy and light bodies, and projectiles. A comparison of this anonymous text with three questions from the Sentences commentary of Giraldus Odonis (Sent. II, d. 14, qq. 4, 7 and 8) shows that this Franciscan theologian is very likely to be the author of the anonymous question found in the Madrid manuscript, even if the precise relation between Giraldus's questions, on the one hand, and the anonymous question De motu, on the other, remains uncertain. An edition of the anonymous question is given in an appendix.

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18

García-Huidobro, Joaquín. "La recepción de la doctrina aristotélica de lo justo natural en el primer tercio del siglo XIV: Brito, Burley y Odonis." Pensamiento. Revista de Investigación e Información Filosófica 73, no. 275 (May 31, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/pen.v73.i275.y2017.007.

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19

Reljic, Mitra. "On conteporary odonyms of Kosovo and Metohija (sociolinguistic aspect)." Juznoslovenski filolog 72, no. 1-2 (2016): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1602139r.

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This paper, based on the analysis of Albanian odonyms in the southern part of Kosovska Mitrovica and Serbian odonyms in the northern part of Kosovska Mitrovica, examines the current ideological and political orientations, differences in regard to cultural and social priorities of residents living on both sides of the Ibar River, as well as the manner and extent of abolishing the old and establishing the new town identity. It is established that odonyms, among other things, play an important role in shaping the public opinion and value system of the population. The research has shown that both Albanian and Serbian odonyms are of the commemorative type, and that Albanian commemorative odonyms primarily consist of names of war and rebellion participants, whereas Serbian commemorative odonyms are devoted to cultural dignitaries. Furthermore, although Albanian odonyms considerably outnumber the Serbian odonym corpus, the latter is characterised by a greater variety of motifs.

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20

Ayabe-Kanamum, Saho, Tadashi Kikuchi, and Sachiko Saito. "Effect of Verbal Cues on Recognition Memory and Pleasantness Evaluation of Unfamiliar Odors." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 1 (August 1997): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.275.

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The experiment investigated the effect of verbal cues on recognition memory for unfamiliar odors. 58 participants learned 20 odors of chemical substances. The control group learned the odors without accompanying verbal labels whereas two other groups learned the odors with accompanying verbal labels. The labels referred to relatively pleasant or unpleasant odor sources. On a memory test, administered 15 min. and also 1 wk. after the learning phase, participants were asked to recognize 10 learned odors from 10 unlearned odors and to evaluate each odor's pleasantness. Analysis showed (a) the verbal labels did not facilitate recognition of the unfamiliar odors, (b) recognition performance was lower after 1 wk. than after 15 min., and (c) rated pleasantness tended to be affected by the verbal label assigned to the odor in the learning phase.

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21

Rizali, Awang Eka Novia. "BENTUK DAN FUNGSI ODONG-ODONG DI JAKARTA." Jurnal Dimensi Seni Rupa dan Desain 14, no. 1 (February 10, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/dim.v14i1.2324.

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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Odong-odong is a middle to low urban society means of play and loved by children in dense urban housing area. Odong-odong formally developed in Jakarta, and spread out to other cities. Odong-odong as a means of play is becoming urban economy commodity as temporary entrepreneur and related to design. This research is upbringing odong-odong trend and the g owth of technology usage that give impact in odong-odong's design development in urban society. The aim of this research is to understand the variety of form and function of odong-odong caused by user demand<br />side and to understand the impact of technology development to odong-odong's design, form, and function. The method of this research is qualitative description with design approach. This research is done by design development analysis and odongodong's technology in relation to urban social cultural and economy. The result of this research is 5 (five) main form of odong-odong which are (1) Komedi Putar form, (2)<br />Kereta Api form, (3) Becak form, (4) Kincir form of Wind Mollen, (5) Jungkat Jungkit form. Odong-odong design formed to fulfilled product functions, which are primary function, secondary function, and tertiary function. Form follows function concept is becoming the base of odong-odong and related to product function and need of the user.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Odong-odong merupakan sarana permainan masyarakat urban kalangan<br />menengah ke bawah, dan banyak digemari oleh anak-anak di sekitar<br />lingkungan padat perumahan di perkotaan. Odong-odong yang pada<br />awalnya muncul di kota Jakarta, kemudian dalam perkembangannya meluas ke pinggiran kota dan daerah-daerah lain. Sarana permainan odong-odong menjadi komoditi ekonomi masyarakat urban sebagai wiraswasta musiman serta berelasi dengan desain. Penelitian ini mengangkat perkembangan tren permainan odong-odong dan perkembangan pemanfaatan teknologi yang menyebabkan adanya perubahan desain sarana permainan odong-odong yang digemari masyarakat urban di perkotaan. Tujuannya adalah mengetahui<br />ragam bentuk dan fungsi sarana permainan odong-odong yang dipengaruhi oleh kebutuhan masyarakat urban sebagai penggunanya dan memahami pengaruh teknologi dan pemanfaatannya terhadap perubahan bentuk desain dan fungsi sarana permainan odong-odong. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan pendekatan desain. Dengan pendekatan ini, kajian dilakukan melalui analisis perkembangan desain dan teknologi sarana permainan odong-odong dalam relasinya dengan situasi sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi masyarakat urban. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya 5 (lima) bentuk utama odong-odong yaitu; (1) Berbentuk komedi putar, (2) Berbentuk kereta api, (3) Berbentuk becak, (4) Berbentuk kincir atau wind mollen, (5) Berbentuk jungkat jungkit. Desain sarana permainan odong-odong dibuat untuk pemenuhan fungsi produk, baik fungsi primer, fungsi sekunder, dan fungsi tersier. Konsep form follows function menjadi dasar desain sarana permainan odong-odong ini, sehingga bentuk berkaitan langsung dengan fungsi dan kegunaan produk untuk mencapai tujuan kegunaan bagi<br />pengguna semaksimal mungkin.</p>

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22

Benedetto, Robert L., and Jamie Juul. "Odoni's conjecture for number fields." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 51, no. 2 (December 2, 2018): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms.12225.

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23

Bogusławski, Bartosz, Anna Głowacka, and Teresa Rucińska. "Microscopic Evaluation of the Manholes in Selected Sewerage Pressure System." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0014.

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Abstract The aim of the research was to determine changes in the elemental composition of concrete under the influence of exposure to hydrogen sulphide in the existing sewage system. The system operator pointed to significant problems with odours in this system. The research included a fragment of the pressure sewage system. The concentration of gases: hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and methane was measured in selected wells. High concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (over 200 ppm) were recorded in the studies. Concrete samples were taken from the internal walls of the well for testing. The samples were used for a microscopic analysis of their composition, using an electron microscope with an EDS attachment. Also, concrete samples from a new sewage well were tested to compare their elemental composition. Gas measurements confirmed the problem of odors, while the analysis of the elemental composition showed a significant proportion of sulphur (from 7.53% to 42.9%) on the surface of the well compared to the reference sample (0%).

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24

Marijan, Davor. "Between Desire and Reality: An Ustasha in Military Uniform." JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY 50, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/csp.v50i2.93.

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25

Lewis, Sian. "Attractive odours." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 22, no. 5 (April 7, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41583-021-00460-w.

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26

Cohen, Stephen D. "ROBERT WINSTON KEITH ODONI (1947–2002)." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 45, no. 3 (September 2003): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089503001472.

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27

Santariová, M., L. Pinc, L. Bartoš, P. Vyplelová, J. Gerneš, and V. Sekyrová. "Resistance of human odours to extremely high temperature as revealed by trained dogs." Czech Journal of Animal Science 61, No. 4 (July 15, 2016): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8848-cjas.

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28

TIMZOUERT, Djemaa. "DÉNOMINATION PARALLÈLE DE RUES EN ALGÉRIE : CONFLIT SUR LES MOTS ET CONFLITS SUR LE SENS." FRANCISOLA 2, no. 1 (July 5, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/francisola.v2i1.7531.

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RÉSUMÉ. L’ensemble suivant est une étude praxématique de discours épilinguistiques autour d’odonymes parallèles dans la ville de Tizi-Ouzou, en Algérie. Il est question, d’un côté, d’analyser, au moyen des principes de la linguistique de la parole associés à l’onomastique, du fonctionnement discursif de ces productions langagières tenues au sujet du recours aux dénominations autres que celles consacrées officiellement pour désigner les rues au sein de cette ville, et, de l’autre, de saisir le réglage social et conflictuel du sens de ces mises en discours co-construites en interaction verbale avec les participants à l’enquête sociolinguistique que nous avons menée à ce propos. Mots-clés : discours, odonyme, praxématique, sociolinguistique ABSTRACT. The following article is a study of epilinguistiques speech about parallel odonyms in the city of Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria. It is question, on one side, to analyze, through the principles of Linguistics of the significance associated with onomastics, discursive these language production operation held to the subject of the use of names other than those dedicated officially to designate streets within the city, and, on the other, to seize the setting social and confrontational sense of such speech co-created in verbal interaction with participants in the sociolinguistic survey that we conducted to this remarks. Keywords : discourse, odonym, praxematics, sociolinguistics

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29

Snowdon, Charles T., Toni E. Ziegler, Nancy J. Schultz-Darken, and Craig F. Ferris. "Social odours, sexual arousal and pairbonding in primates." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1476 (November 6, 2006): 2079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1932.

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We describe the role of social odours in sexual arousal and maintaining pairbonds in biparental and cooperatively breeding primates. Social odours are complex chemical mixtures produced by an organism that can simultaneously provide information about species, kinship, sex, individuality and reproductive state. They are long lasting and have advantages over other modalities. Both sexes are sensitive to changes in odours over the reproductive cycle and experimental disruption of signals can lead to altered sexual behaviour within a pair. We demonstrate, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), that social odours indicating reproductive state directly influence the brain areas responsible for sexual behaviour. Social odours also influence other brain areas typically involved in motivation, memory and decision making, suggesting that these signals have more complex functions in primates than mere sexual arousal. We demonstrate a rapid link between social odours and neuroendocrine responses that are modulated by a male's social status. Recent work on humans shows similar responses to social odours. We conclude with an integration of the importance of social odours on sexual arousal and maintaining pairbonds in socially biparental and cooperatively breeding species, suggesting new research directions to integrate social behaviour, neural activation and neuroendocrine responses.

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30

Ryon, Jenny, J. C. Fentress, F. H. Harrington, and Susan Bragdon. "Scent rubbing in wolves (Canis lupus): the effect of novelty." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-084.

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Two groups of wolves (Canis lupus) (N = 15 individuals) were tested for scent rubbing with eight novel odours from four classes of scent (herbivore, carnivore, food, and manufactured). If novelty is the primary factor influencing scent rubbing, we expected high initial rubbing frequencies across classes that would decline with successive presentations. Differential responses would indicate class of scent is more important. The wolves exhibited a striking propensity to scent rub differentially among odours. The manufactured odours (perfume and motor oil) elicited the strongest rubbing response, carnivore odours (cougar (Felis concolor) feces and black bear (Ursus americanus) feces) elicited the second highest response, and one of the food odours (salt pork) elicited a single rub from one individual, while the other food odour (tuna oil) was not rubbed. Herbivore odours (Aoudad sheep (Ammotraqus lervia) feces and Sable Island horse (Equus caballus) feces) were not rubbed. There was a negative correlation between odours that were rubbed and those tasted. Overall, there was a slight tendency to rub less frequently on an eliciting odour with successive presentations, but a stronger tendency with the two odours that elicited the greatest rubbing response (perfume and motor oil). Scent rub eliciting odours might include (i) scents of a class not usually encountered in the wolf's environment, (ii) a familiar scent that deviates from the norm by a change in character, and (iii) scents to which a wolf might have a strong aversion or attraction.

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31

Spector, Ferrinne, and Daphne Maurer. "Making Sense of Scents: The Colour and Texture of Odours." Seeing and Perceiving 25, no. 6 (2012): 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648800.

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The purpose of this study was to document colour and texture associations to odours using a variety of odours including both pleasant and unpleasant odours, some of which were likely to be unfamiliar. We asked non-synaesthetic adults () to make colour and shape/texture associations to 22 odours. A subset of the participants () smelled the odours a second time in order to identify them. Each odour stimulus was associated consistently to one or more specific colours and/or textures (all p’s < 0.01 by binomial probability statistics). Associations to the four odours that were identified accurately (cinnamon, lemon, peppermint and licorice) seemed to be based on learning/memory (e.g. lemon = yellow). The associations to the 18 odours that were not identified accurately are less likely to be based on learning/memory (e.g. ginger = black, rough, sharp; lavender = green, white, liquid, sticky). We speculate that sensory associations to odours, like those to pitch and letters (e.g. Mondloch and Maurer, 2004; Spector and Maurer, 2008), may result from the joint influence of learning and natural biases linking dimensions across sensory systems. Such links may reflect inherent neural organization that is modifiable with learning and that can manifest as cross-modal associations or synaesthetic percepts.

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McQueen, Kelsey A., Kelly E. Fredericksen, and Chad L. Samuelsen. "Experience Informs Consummatory Choices for Congruent and Incongruent Odor–Taste Mixtures in Rats." Chemical Senses 45, no. 5 (April 2, 2020): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa025.

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Abstract Experience is an essential factor informing food choice. Eating food generates enduring odor–taste associations that link an odor with a taste’s quality and hedonic value (pleasantness/unpleasantness) and creates the perception of a congruent odor–taste combination. Previous human psychophysical experiments demonstrate that experience with odor–taste mixtures shapes perceptual judgments related to the intensity, familiarity, and pleasantness of chemosensory stimuli. However, how these perceptual judgments inform consummatory choice is less clear. Using rats as a model system and a 2-bottle brief-access task, we investigated how experience with palatable and unpalatable odor–taste mixtures influences consummatory choice related to odor–taste congruence and stimulus familiarity. We found that the association between an odor and a taste, not the odor’s identity or its congruence with a taste, informs consummatory choice for odor–taste mixtures. Furthermore, we showed that the association between an odor and a taste, not odor neophobia, informs consummatory choice for odors dissolved in water. Our results provide further evidence that the association between an odor and a taste, after odor–taste mixture experience, is a fundamental feature guiding consummatory choice.

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Wang, Z., I. H. Suffet, and Al-Samarrai. "Sensory and chemical analysis methods for earthy and musty odours in drinking water caused by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol." Water Supply 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.732.

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Earthy and musty odours are amongst the most frequently observed objectionable odours in water supplies, and geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are identified as the chemical compounds most closely associated with these odours. In this paper, the sensory properties, and the water matrix effects on taste and odour panel studies, as well as the chemical analysis methods for earthy and musty odours in drinking water caused by geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, are reviewed. Insights are developed to enable better evaluation of earthy and musty odours in drinking water. Early detection of geosmin and MIB can prevent off-flavour occurrence by providing information for potential treatment.

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Schaal, Benoist, Tamsin K. Saxton, Hélène Loos, Robert Soussignan, and Karine Durand. "Olfaction scaffolds the developing human from neonate to adolescent and beyond." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1800 (April 20, 2020): 20190261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0261.

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The impact of the olfactory sense is regularly apparent across development. The fetus is bathed in amniotic fluid (AF) that conveys the mother's chemical ecology. Transnatal olfactory continuity between the odours of AF and milk assists in the transition to nursing. At the same time, odours emanating from the mammary areas provoke appetitive responses in newborns. Odours experienced from the mother's diet during breastfeeding, and from practices such as pre-mastication, may assist in the dietary transition at weaning. In parallel, infants are attracted to and recognize their mother's odours; later, children are able to recognize other kin and peers based on their odours. Familiar odours, such as those of the mother, regulate the child's emotions, and scaffold perception and learning through non-olfactory senses. During juvenility and adolescence, individuals become more sensitive to some bodily odours, while the timing of adolescence itself has been speculated to draw from the chemical ecology of the family unit. Odours learnt early in life and within the family niche continue to influence preferences as mate choice becomes relevant. Olfaction thus appears significant in turning on, sustaining and, in cases when mother odour is altered, disturbing adaptive reciprocity between offspring and carer during the multiple transitions of development between birth and adolescence. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Olfactory communication in humans’.

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Aswath, Nalini, Kader Mastan, Tirupathi Manikandan, and Gigi Samuel. "Odonto calcifying cyst." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 4, no. 1 (2013): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.111629.

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Carruthers, Ronald. "Conquering armpit odours." Medical Journal of Australia 150, no. 6 (March 1989): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136502.x.

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Karadimas, Dimitri. "Odours and Boundaries." Ethnologies 35, no. 2 (September 10, 2014): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1026554ar.

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The concept of territoriality is often linked to a more global apprehension of land seen as being limited by borders with neighboring groups. Within the Bora-Miraña Amerindian group of Colombian Amazon, it seems that this concept of territoriality is not so much linked to delimitation of factual and located boundaries as it is with a more vague notion of territorial odour or smell. The notion relies on the perception of individual healthiness and on diseases seen as been widespread by other groups or by animals seen as enemies. The virulence of “others” can thus only be contained thanks to a stronger local odour that characterizes the self.

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Gomes, Plinio José Freire. "Saberes e Odores." Revista de História, no. 119 (December 30, 1988): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9141.v0i119p259-262.

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Marchi, Vincenzo, Roberta Ricci, Irene Pecorella, Antonio Ciardi, and Ugo Di Tondo. "Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis." Cornea 13, no. 2 (March 1994): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003226-199403000-00004.

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Looper, Nicole. "Dynamical Galois groups of trinomials and Odoni's conjecture." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 51, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms.12227.

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Broughan, C. "Odours, emotions, and cognition – how odours may affect cognitive performance." International Journal of Aromatherapy 12, no. 2 (June 2002): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-4562(02)00033-4.

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Probst, Fabian, Urs Fischbacher, Janek S. Lobmaier, Urs Wirthmüller, and Daria Knoch. "Men's preferences for women's body odours are not associated with human leucocyte antigen." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1864 (October 11, 2017): 20171830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1830.

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Body odours reportedly portray information about an individual's genotype at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC, called human leucocyte antigen, HLA, in humans). While there is strong experimental support for MHC-associated mating behaviour in animals, the situation in humans is more complex. A lot of effort has been spent on testing HLA-associated odour preferences of women. To date, only very few studies have looked at HLA-linked olfactory preferences in men and these studies have revealed inconsistent results. Here, we investigate men's HLA-associated preferences for women's body odours. Importantly, and in contrast to previous studies, these odours were gathered at peak fertility (i.e. just before ovulation) when any HLA-associated odour preferences should be strongest. We scrutinized whether men's preference for women's body odours is influenced by (i) the number of shared HLA alleles between men and women, (ii) HLA heterozygosity, and (iii) the frequency of rare HLA alleles. We found that men could readily differentiate between odours they found attractive and odours they found less attractive, but that these preferences were not associated with HLA. Specifically, men did not prefer odours from women who are HLA dissimilar, HLA heterozygous, or who have rare HLA alleles. Together, these findings suggest that HLA has no effect on men's odour preferences.

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Wibowo, Andy Eko, Rifki Febriansyah, Ingenida Hadning, Pinasti Utami, and Aji Winanta. "Odong-Odong Apoteker: Maskot Baru untuk Sosialisasi GEMACERMAT." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.38569.

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Pharmacist Odong-Odong, Symbols, and Media Branding the Pharmacist's Existence in Indonesian Communities within the framework of the Drug Conscious Smart Society Movement (GEMACERMAT) is a movement based on the deterioration of the pharmacist's image in the last two years due to various cases in Indonesia. The goals of pharmacists odong-odong become symbols of the existence and role of pharmacists in society. The method used is making odong-odong in the form of a pharmacist holding a capsule, turning children's song lyrics into lyrics about basic knowledge of medicine that the public must know and introducing odong-odong as the new mascot of the pharmacists of IAI Bantul Branch members and pharmacists of IYPG members of the Yogyakarta Branch when they organizing community service activities. The result of this community service is that pharmacists odong-odong are created with various children's songs whose lyrics have been changed. The pharmacist odong-odong, was first used by the IAI when conducting antibiotic drug counseling at a healthy walk event in the framework of the 73rd Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia organized by Karang Taruna Tanuditan Bantul. Odong-odong pharmacists have also been placed in several pharmacies belonging to IYPG member pharmacists. Pharmacists odong-odong become a favorite place for children to play while enjoying a song that contains knowledge about medicine. The songs are expected to enter the subconscious of the community and indirectly educate the use of drugs.Keywords: pharmacist; odong-odong; IYPG; IAI; GEMACERMAT.

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Jorge, P. E., J. B. Phillips, A. Gonçalves, P. A. M. Marques, and P. Nĕmec. "Odours stimulate neuronal activity in the dorsolateral area of the hippocampal formation during path integration." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1783 (May 22, 2014): 20140025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0025.

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The dorsolateral area of the hippocampal formation of birds is commonly assumed to play a central role in processing information needed for geographical positioning and homing. Previous work has interpreted odour-induced activity in this region as evidence for an ‘olfactory map’. Here, we show, using c-Fos expression as a marker, that neuronal activation in the dorsolateral area of the hippocampal formation of pigeons is primarily a response to odour novelty, not to the spatial distribution of odour sources that would be necessary for an olfactory map. Pigeons exposed to odours had significantly more neurons activated in this area of the brain than pigeons exposed to filtered air with odours removed. This increased activity was observed only in response to unfamiliar odours. No change in activity was observed when pigeons were exposed to home odours. These findings are consistent with non-home odours activating non-olfactory components of the pigeon's navigation system. The pattern of neuronal activation in the triangular and dorsomedial areas of the hippocampal formation was, by contrast, consistent with the possibility that odours play a role in providing spatial information.

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Hepper, Peter G. "The Discrimination of Human Odour by the Dog." Perception 17, no. 4 (August 1988): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p170549.

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In reply to a suggestion made by Galton in 1875, the ability of dogs to discriminate between the odour of human twins was investigated. In a matching-to-sample simultaneous discrimination task, dogs were tested on their ability to discriminate odours from twins differing only in genetic relatedness or only in environmental factors, particularly diet, or from twins identical in both genetic relatedness and environmental factors. Dogs could discriminate between the odours from twins who differed only in environmental factors and between the odours of twins who differed only in genetic relatedness. However, they were unable to discriminate between odours produced by infant twins identical in both genetic relatedness and environmental factors. Thus twins may be discriminated by dogs as long as they differ in genetic relatedness or environmental factors. The possible source of discriminable odours is discussed and how the effects of genes and environment are mediated considered.

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Abuarqoub, Duaa, Rand Zaza, Nazneen Aslam, Hanan Jafar, Suzan Zalloum, Renata Atoom, and Abdalla Awidi. "The Role of BiodentineTM on the Odontogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 7563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167563.

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The clinical use of bioactive material in the field of biomedical tissue engineering has become increasingly of interest in practice. This study investigates how BiodentineTM (BD), a tricalcium silicate cement, in culture media, affects the odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential of in vitro cultured human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs were extracted and characterized for their expression profile by flow cytometry. Then, hDPSCs were cultured in media containing BD for 3 weeks to study the impact of BD on the odonto/osteogenesis pathway, compared to the positive control (osteogenic media) and negative control (cell culture media). Odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs treated with BD was assessed by measuring the level of expression of odonto/osteogenic markers by flow cytometry, ELISA and Alizarin red stain. Additionally, the expression profile of the genes involved in the odonto/osteogenesis pathway was investigated, using PCR array. Our results indicate that hDPSCs treatment with BD results in an increased tendency for odonto/osteogenic differentiation. The BD treated group demonstrates a significant increase in the expression of odonto/osteogenic markers, osteocalcin (OCN) (p < 0.005), osteopontin (OPN) (p < 0.0005) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.0005), and the presentation of calcium deposits by ARS, compared to the negative control by using t-test and ANOVA. Moreover, the BD-treated group is marked by the upregulation of genes related to the odonto/osteogenesis pathway, compared to the control groups, specifically the genes that are involved in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) (p < 0.05) signaling pathway, the activation of the extracellular matrix-related gene (ECMG) (p < 0.05) and the Ca2+ signaling pathway (p < 0.05), compared to day 1 of treatment by using ANOVA. BD shows a stimulatory effect on the odonto/steogenic capacity of hDPSCs, suggesting BD as a good candidate and a very promising and useful means to be applied in regenerative medicine to regenerate dentine tissue in clinical settings.

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Hazlett, Brian. "Conditioned reinforcement in the crayfish Orconectes rusticus." Behaviour 144, no. 7 (2007): 847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781476409.

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AbstractThe crayfish Orconectes rusticus can form a learned association between alarm odour (an unlearned signal of elevated predation risk) and a formerly neutral odour. In this study the odours of gyrinid beetles and of the snail Campeloma decisum were each paired with alarm odour and subsequently those odours significantly reduced feeding behaviours in the presence of food odour. To test for second-order (=conditioned) reinforcement, crayfish were first exposed simultaneously to one of the neutral odours and alarm odour and later exposed simultaneously to the two formerly neutral odours. When tested with the second neutral odour (which was not paired with alarm odour) the crayfish showed significant reductions in food-related behaviours, thus demonstrating second-order conditioning.

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Clapperton, BK, CT Eason, RJ Weston, AD Woolhouse, and DR Morgan. "Development and Testing of Attractants for Feral Cats, Felis Catus L." Wildlife Research 21, no. 4 (1994): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940389.

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As part of a programme to improve feral-cat control and eradication techniques, various odours were tested as candidate lures. They included food odours (fish oils), social odours (urine and its components, anal-sac secretions and commercial wild-animal lures) and plant materials (catnip, matatabi and their essential oils). Pen bioassay experiments used a preference procedure on captive feral and domestic cats to compare the time spent investigating the odours and the number of cats visiting each odour. Field trials at rubbish dumps used scent stations to assess cat activity. Catnip and matatabi were the most promising candidate lures in both the pen bioassay and the field trials. Future directions for lure developments are suggested.

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Majid, Asifa, Niclas Burenhult, Marcus Stensmyr, Josje de Valk, and Bill S. Hansson. "Olfactory language and abstraction across cultures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1752 (June 18, 2018): 20170139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0139.

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Olfaction presents a particularly interesting arena to explore abstraction in language. Like other abstract domains, such as time, odours can be difficult to conceptualize. An odour cannot be seen or held, it can be difficult to locate in space, and for most people odours are difficult to verbalize. On the other hand, odours give rise to primary sensory experiences. Every time we inhale we are using olfaction to make sense of our environment. We present new experimental data from 30 Jahai hunter-gatherers from the Malay Peninsula and 30 matched Dutch participants from the Netherlands in an odour naming experiment. Participants smelled monomolecular odorants and named odours while reaction times, odour descriptors and facial expressions were measured. We show that while Dutch speakers relied on concrete descriptors, i.e. they referred to odour sources (e.g. smells like lemon ), the Jahai used abstract vocabulary to name the same odours (e.g. musty ). Despite this differential linguistic categorization, analysis of facial expressions showed that the two groups, nevertheless, had the same initial emotional reactions to odours. Critically, these cross-cultural data present a challenge for how to think about abstraction in language. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain’.

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Saisu, Akihiro, Muneto Tatsumoto, Eisei Hoshiyama, Saiko Aiba, and Koichi Hirata. "Evaluation of olfaction in patients with migraine using an odour stick identification test." Cephalalgia 31, no. 9 (May 31, 2011): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411410612.

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Aims: Peculiar characteristics of migraine headaches include the arousal of olfaction during the attacks and osmophobia. We performed an olfactory test to evaluate the association between olfaction and migraines. Methods: We evaluated olfactory dysfunction in 80 migraine patients (31 experienced migraines with aura (MWA), 49 migraine without aura (MWOA)) and 30 healthy controls. Participants were assessed for concurrent osmophobia. Olfaction was evaluated using an odour stick identification test (OSIT), in which participants were asked to identify various odours during a migraine-free period. The degree of offensiveness of each odour was also evaluated. Results: Sixty-three percent of migraine patients were found to have concurrent osmophobia (MWA 71%; MWOA 57%). The percentages of migraine patients and controls who correctly identified test odours were 91% (92%, MWA; 89%, MWOA) and 92%, respectively. Perfume, rose and Japanese cypress odours were more offensive to migraine patients than to controls. All test odours were found to be more offensive to MWA than to MWOA patients. Conclusions: The OSIT showed certain odours to be highly offensive to migraine patients even when they were not experiencing migraine headaches. More attention should be paid to odours that are perceived to be offensive by migraine patients, particularly those with MWA.

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