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Journal articles on the topic 'Odor evoked autobiographical memory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Yamamoto, Kohsuke, and Haruko Sugiyama. "Development of the Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire." Japanese journal of psychology 88, no. 5 (2017): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.88.16229.

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2

Glachet, Ophélie, and Mohamad El Haj. "Emotional and Phenomenological Properties of Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memories in Alzheimer’s Disease." Brain Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9060135.

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Autobiographical memory, which contains all personal memories relative to our identity, has been found to be impaired in Alzheimer’ Disease (AD). Recent research has demonstrated that odor may serve as a powerful cue for the recovery of autobiographical memories in AD. Building on this research, we investigated emotional characteristics (arousal and valence) and subjective reliving of odor-evoked autobiographical memories in AD. We also investigated the relationship between these characteristics and depression. To this end, we invited participants with mild AD and controls to retrieve autobiographical memories after odor exposure or without odor. Results showed higher arousal, subjective reliving and more positive memories after odor exposure compared with the odor-free condition, these differences being observed only in AD participants. We also found that emotion (arousal and valence) and subjective reliving triggered by odor were associated with depressive symptoms in AD. These findings demonstrate that odor may be a useful cue to trigger more detailed, vivid and positive events in AD.

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Arroyo-Anlló, Eva M., Jorge Chamorro Sánchez, and Roger Gil. "Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 77, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200408.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provides a valuable field of research into impairment of self-consciousness (SC), because AD patients have a reduced capacity to understand their mental world, to experience and relive previous personal events, as well as to interpret thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about themselves. Several studies observed that AD patients had an altered SC, but not a complete abolition of it. Emotions are an integral part of the construction of personal identity, therefore of Self. In general, most studies on emotion in AD patients have observed that emotion is not completely abolished and it lets them better remember autobiographical events with greater emotional charge. The positive effect of autobiographical memories rich in emotional content, evoked directly/automatically by sensorial stimuli such as familiar odors or music, could be used to reestablish/reinforce the permanence and coherence of the Self in AD. We studied the research of empirical evidence supporting the power of the sensorial cues associated with emotion, which could be capable of enhancing the SC in AD. We presented the studies about “Emotional stimulations” using odor, music, or taste cues in AD. All studies have shown to have a positive impact on SC in AD patients such as odor-evoked autobiographical memories, taste/odor-evoked autobiographical memories, emotional sensorial stimulation using musical cues, and multi-sensorial stimulations using healing gardens. We found research supporting the notion that emotional sensorial stimulations can even temporarily exalt memory, affective state, and personal identity, that is, the SC in AD. The emotional sensory stimulations could be used as a tool to activate the SC in AD and hence improve the quality of life of patients and caregivers.

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4

Matsunaga, Masahiro, Yu Bai, Kaori Yamakawa, Asako Toyama, Mitsuyoshi Kashiwagi, Kazuyuki Fukuda, Akiko Oshida, et al. "Brain–Immune Interaction Accompanying Odor-Evoked Autobiographic Memory." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 20, 2013): e72523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072523.

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5

EL Haj, Mohamad, Marie Charlotte Gandolphe, Karim Gallouj, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, and Pascal Antoine. "From Nose to Memory: The Involuntary Nature of Odor-evoked Autobiographical Memories in Alzheimer’s Disease." Chemical Senses 43, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjx064.

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6

Cornell Kärnekull, Stina, Artin Arshamian, Johan Willander, Fredrik U. Jönsson, Mats E. Nilsson, and Maria Larsson. "The reminiscence bump is blind to blindness: Evidence from sound- and odor-evoked autobiographical memory." Consciousness and Cognition 78 (February 2020): 102876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.102876.

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7

Hackländer, Ryan P. M., Steve M. J. Janssen, and Christina Bermeitinger. "An in-depth review of the methods, findings, and theories associated with odor-evoked autobiographical memory." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 401–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1545-3.

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8

Larsson, Maria, and Johan Willander. "Autobiographical Odor Memory." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1170, no. 1 (July 2009): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03934.x.

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9

Willander, Johan, and Maria Larsson. "The Mind’s Nose and Autobiographical Odor Memory." Chemosensory Perception 1, no. 3 (July 30, 2008): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-008-9026-0.

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10

Glachet, Ophélie, and Mohamad El Haj. "Recollection of odor-evoked autobiographical memories in Alzheimer’s disease." Brain and Cognition 137 (December 2019): 103645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2019.10.014.

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11

ISHIHARA, Osamu. "Examining the odor autobiographical memory of young adults." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 3PM089. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_3pm089.

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12

Willander, Johan, and Maria Larsson. "Smell your way back to childhood: Autobiographical odor memory." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13, no. 2 (April 2006): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193837.

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13

Yamamoto, Kohsuke, and Haruko Sugiyama. "Development of the odor-cued autobiographical memory characteristics questionnaire." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 79 (September 22, 2015): 1PM—096–1PM—096. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.79.0_1pm-096.

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14

Yamamoto, Kohsuke, and Tatsu Kobayakawa. "Influence of odor identification ability and aging on autobiographical memory cued by odor." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): 1PM—073–1PM—073. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_1pm-073.

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15

Zucco, G. M., L. Aiello, L. Turuani, and E. Koster. "Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memories: Age and Gender Differences Along the Life Span." Chemical Senses 37, no. 2 (September 20, 2011): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjr089.

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16

Yamamoto, Kohsuke, Takefumi Kobayashi, and Tatsu Kobayakawa. "Odor identification ability, odor imagery ability, subjective well-being, and autobiographical memory in elderly people." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 83 (September 11, 2019): 1A—054–1A—054. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.83.0_1a-054.

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17

Belfi, Amy M., Elena Bai, and Ava Stroud. "Comparing Methods for Analyzing Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories." Music Perception 37, no. 5 (June 2020): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.37.5.392.

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The study of music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) has grown substantially in recent years. Prior work has used various methods to compare MEAMs to memories evoked by other cues (e.g., images, words). Here, we sought to identify which methods could distinguish between MEAMs and picture-evoked memories. Participants (N = 18) listened to popular music and viewed pictures of famous persons, and described any autobiographical memories evoked by the stimuli. Memories were scored using the Autobiographical Interview (AI; Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002), Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC; Pennebaker et al., 2015), and Evaluative Lexicon (EL; Rocklage & Fazio, 2018). We trained three logistic regression models (one for each scoring method) to differentiate between memories evoked by music and faces. Models trained on LIWC and AI data exhibited significantly above chance accuracy when classifying whether a memory was evoked by a face or a song. The EL, which focuses on the affective nature of a text, failed to predict whether memories were evoked by music or faces. This demonstrates that various memory scoring techniques provide complementary information about cued autobiographical memories, and suggests that MEAMs differ from memories evoked by pictures in some aspects (e.g., perceptual and episodic content) but not others (e.g., emotional content).

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18

Arshamian, Artin, Emilia Iannilli, Johannes C. Gerber, Johan Willander, Jonas Persson, Han-Seok Seo, Thomas Hummel, and Maria Larsson. "The functional neuroanatomy of odor evoked autobiographical memories cued by odors and words." Neuropsychologia 51, no. 1 (January 2013): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.023.

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19

Sakka, Laura S., and Suvi Saarikallio. "Spontaneous Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories in Individuals Experiencing Depression." Music & Science 3 (January 1, 2020): 205920432096057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204320960575.

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Listening to music often triggers strong memories of events from our past, which influence how we affectively experience music listening and can therefore contribute to music’s therapeutic capacity. The aim of this study was to examine the valence and content of spontaneous music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) in listeners with self-reported depression, who typically demonstrate negatively biased autobiographical memory. Eighteen depressed and 21 controls participated in a music-listening experiment where they listened to a personalized music stimulus, described their memories, and thereafter rated the valence of these memories and of their induced affect. Participants’ ratings were statistically analysed, while the memory content was analysed with the use of a computerized text-analysis method and with a qualitative thematic analysis. Quantitative ratings of valence revealed a significant difference between groups: half of the depressed, compared to none of the controls, recalled a negative memory, and these were experienced with negative induced affect. The qualitative thematic analysis of the memory descriptions revealed that both depressed and control participants’ memories could be categorized into three first-level themes: (1) personal, (2) relationships, and (3) activities. Depressed participants’ negative memories were mainly located in the ‘relationships’ theme and included memories about loss and dysfunctional relationships, such as bullying, and in the ‘personal’ theme, including memories of mental health struggles and coping with music. Approximately a third of depressed participants recalled positive memories, and these were either related to loving family relationships or to activities. Limitations concerning the small sample size and implications regarding the function of music listening for depressed individuals are discussed.

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20

Quaranta, Angelo, Serenella d’Ingeo, and Marcello Siniscalchi. "Odour-Evoked Memory in Dogs: Do Odours Help to Retrieve Memories of Food Location?" Animals 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081249.

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The ability of odors to spontaneously trigger specific memories has been widely demonstrated in humans. Although increasing evidence support the role of olfaction on dogs’ emotions and cognitive processes, very little research has been conducted on its relationship with memory in this species. The present study aimed at investigating the role of olfaction in the recall of detailed memories originally formed in the presence of a specific odor (i.e., vanilla). To test this, three groups of participants were trained with the same spatial learning task while a specific odor (i.e., vanilla) was dispersed in the testing room. Subjects were then divided in three experimental groups and after 24 h delay, they were presented with the same spatial task. The first group (Group 1) performed the task in the presence of a novel odor (i.e., control), whereas the second (Group 2) and the third group (Group 3) carried out the test in the presence of the vanilla odor and no odor (Group 3), respectively. After a brief delay, the test was presented again to the three groups of dogs: subjects of Group 1 were now tested in the presence of the vanilla odor, whereas the Group 2 was tested with the control odor. The Group 3 received no odor in both tests. A significant improvement of dogs’ performance was registered in the control-vanilla odors condition (Group 1), suggesting that the exposure to the odor presented at the encoding time would prompt the recall of spatial memories in dogs.

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21

Bartolomei, Fabrice, Stanislas Lagarde, Samuel Médina Villalon, Aileen McGonigal, and Christian G. Benar. "The “Proust phenomenon”: Odor-evoked autobiographical memories triggered by direct amygdala stimulation in human." Cortex 90 (May 2017): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.005.

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22

Herz, Rachel S., James Eliassen, Sophia Beland, and Timothy Souza. "Neuroimaging evidence for the emotional potency of odor-evoked memory." Neuropsychologia 42, no. 3 (January 2004): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.009.

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23

Herz, Rachel. "The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health." Brain Sciences 6, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci6030022.

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24

Jakubowski, Kelly, Amy M. Belfi, and Tuomas Eerola. "Phenomenological Differences in Music- and Television-Evoked Autobiographical Memories." Music Perception 38, no. 5 (June 1, 2021): 435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2021.38.5.435.

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Music can be a potent cue for autobiographical memories in both everyday and clinical settings. Understanding the extent to which music may have privileged access to aspects of our personal histories requires critical comparisons to other types of memories and exploration of how music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) vary across individuals. We compared the retrieval characteristics, content, and emotions of MEAMs to television-evoked autobiographical memories (TEAMs) in an online sample of 657 participants who were representative of the British adult population on age, gender, income, and education. Each participant reported details of a recent MEAM and a recent TEAM experience. MEAMs exhibited significantly greater episodic reliving, personal significance, and social content than TEAMs, and elicited more positive and intense emotions. The majority of these differences between MEAMs and TEAMs persisted in an analysis of a subset of responses in which the music and television cues were matched on familiarity. Age and gender effects were smaller, and consistent across both MEAMs and TEAMs. These results indicate phenomenological differences in naturally occurring memories cued by music as compared to television that are maintained across adulthood. Findings are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of autobiographical memory, functions of music, and healthy aging.

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25

Jellinek, J. S. "Proust Remembered: Has Proust's Account of Odor-cued Autobiographical Memory Recall Really been Investigated?" Chemical Senses 29, no. 5 (June 1, 2004): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjh043.

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26

Sujan, Mita, James R. Bettman, and Hans Baumgartner. "Influencing Consumer Judgments Using Autobiographical Memories: A Self-Referencing Perspective." Journal of Marketing Research 30, no. 4 (November 1993): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379303000403.

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The authors investigate the affective nature of autobiographical memories and the conditions and mechanisms leading to transfer of this affect to ad and brand judgments. They find that when ads encourage the retrieval of autobiographical memories there is a higher level of felt affect and reduced processing of product attributes. Furthermore, this generally positive affect is readily transferred to the ad, thus enhancing ad evaluations. However, the extent of transfer of autobiographical affect to the brand depends on forging a link in the ad between the brand and the personal memory, as Study 1 demonstrates. Study 2 shows that when autobiographical memories are encouraged, brand evaluations are no different given strong versus weak product arguments, further evidence that brand evaluations are not based on an analysis of product claims when such memories are evoked. Study 2 also provides evidence for the dominance of affective inputs into brand judgments when both autobiographical affect and product arguments are relatively accessible from memory.

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Shirai, Manami, Satoshi Kaihara, and Takefumi Kobayashi. "Retrieval of autobiographical memory triggered by food-related odor -Relation between time spent for retrieval and memory content-." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 82 (September 25, 2018): 2EV—051–2EV—051. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.82.0_2ev-051.

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28

Chen, Chien-Fu F., Dylan C. Barnes, and Donald A. Wilson. "Generalized vs. stimulus-specific learned fear differentially modifies stimulus encoding in primary sensory cortex of awake rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 6 (December 2011): 3136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00721.2011.

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Experience shapes both central olfactory system function and odor perception. In piriform cortex, odor experience appears critical for synthetic processing of odor mixtures, which contributes to perceptual learning and perceptual acuity, as well as contributing to memory for events and/or rewards associated with odors. Here, we examined the effect of odor fear conditioning on piriform cortical single-unit responses to the learned aversive odor, as well as its effects on similar (overlapping mixtures) in freely moving rats. We found that odor-evoked fear responses were training paradigm dependent. Simple association of a condition stimulus positive (CS+) odor with foot shock (unconditioned stimulus) led to generalized fear (cue-evoked freezing) to similar odors. However, after differential conditioning, which included trials where a CS− odor (a mixture overlapping with the CS+) was not paired with shock, freezing responses were CS+ odor specific and less generalized. Pseudoconditioning led to no odor-evoked freezing. These differential levels of stimulus control over freezing were associated with different training-induced changes in single-unit odor responses in anterior piriform cortex (aPCX). Both simple and differential conditioning induced a significant decrease in aPCX single-unit spontaneous activity compared with pretraining levels while pseudoconditioning did not. Simple conditioning enhanced mean receptive field size (breadth of tuning) of the aPCX units, while differential conditioning reduced mean receptive field size. These results suggest that generalized fear is associated with an impairment of olfactory cortical discrimination. Furthermore, changes in sensory processing are dependent on the nature of training and can predict the stimulus-controlled behavioral outcome of the training.

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Gurr, Birgit, Mia Foxhall, Jun Shinoda, and Amee Baird. "Rebuilding identity after brain injury: Standard cognitive and music-evoked autobiographical memory training." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 21, no. 6 (June 2, 2014): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2014.21.6.289.

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30

Sugiyama, Haruko, Akiko Oshida, Paula Thueneman, Susan Littell, Atsushi Katayama, Mitsuyoshi Kashiwagi, Satoshi Hikichi, and Rachel S. Herz. "Proustian Products are Preferred: The Relationship Between Odor-Evoked Memory and Product Evaluation." Chemosensory Perception 8, no. 1 (June 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-015-9182-y.

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31

Baird, Amee, Rebecca Gelding, Olivia Brancatisano, and William Forde Thompson. "A Preliminary Exploration of the Stability of Music- and Photo-Evoked Autobiographical Memories in People with Alzheimer’s and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia." Music & Science 3 (January 1, 2020): 205920432095727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204320957273.

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Music evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) occur in people with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), but there is limited study of such memories in people with other dementia types such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (Bv-FTD). Furthermore, there has been no study of the integrity of such memories over time, and scarce comparison with other memory cues such as photos. Our aim was to address this current gap in our knowledge and to characterize MEAMs and photo-evoked autobiographical memories (PEAMs) in healthy elderly people and people with AD and Bv-FTD on two occasions, 6 months apart. Twenty-two participants (7 with AD, 6 with Bv-FTD, and 9 healthy elderly people) reported memories following exposure to two famous songs and two famous event photographs from each decade from 1930–2010 on two occasions. All people with AD and all healthy elderly controls reported at least one MEAM or PEAM at both times. In contrast, two people with Bv-FTD reported no memories at either time. The percentage of memories over time for songs and photos remained stable for the Healthy Elderly and AD groups, whilst the percentage of memories to songs increased over time for people with Bv-FTD. Songs elicited more positive memories than photos. The specific music and photo stimuli that triggered memories, and the topic of the memories that were evoked, remained stable over a 6-month period across all groups. Our results suggest that music and photos are efficient memory cues in people with AD and Bv-FTD. Future large-scale studies of people with different dementia types over a longer time period will provide insights into the integrity of music- and photo-evoked autobiographical memories as dementia progresses.

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32

Salakka, Ilja, Anni Pitkäniemi, Emmi Pentikäinen, Kari Mikkonen, Pasi Saari, Petri Toiviainen, and Teppo Särkämö. "What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): e0251692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251692.

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Background and objectives Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, including tonal, rhythmic, and loudness features. Here, our aim was to explore the relationship between music-evoked emotions and music-evoked memories and how musical features (derived with MIR) can predict them both. Methods Healthy older adults (N = 113, age ≥ 60 years) participated in a listening task in which they rated a total of 140 song excerpts comprising folk songs and popular songs from 1950s to 1980s on five domains measuring the emotional (valence, arousal, emotional intensity) and memory (familiarity, autobiographical salience) experience of the songs. A set of 24 musical features were extracted from the songs using computational MIR methods. Principal component analyses were applied to reduce multicollinearity, resulting in six core musical components, which were then used to predict the behavioural ratings in multiple regression analyses. Results All correlations between behavioural ratings were positive and ranged from moderate to very high (r = 0.46–0.92). Emotional intensity showed the highest correlation to both autobiographical salience and familiarity. In the MIR data, three musical components measuring salience of the musical pulse (Pulse strength), relative strength of high harmonics (Brightness), and fluctuation in the frequencies between 200–800 Hz (Low-mid) predicted both music-evoked emotions and memories. Emotional intensity (and valence to a lesser extent) mediated the predictive effect of the musical components on music-evoked memories. Conclusions The results suggest that music-evoked emotions are strongly related to music-evoked memories in healthy older adults and that both music-evoked emotions and memories are predicted by the same core musical features.

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Baird, A., and S. Samson. "Music evoked autobiographical memory after severe acquired brain injury: Preliminary findings from a case series." Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (November 21, 2013): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2013.858642.

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34

Louis, Thierry, Aaron Stahl, Tamara Boto, and Seth M. Tomchik. "Cyclic AMP-dependent plasticity underlies rapid changes in odor coding associated with reward learning." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 3 (December 28, 2017): E448—E457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709037115.

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Learning and memory rely on dopamine and downstream cAMP-dependent plasticity across diverse organisms. Despite the central role of cAMP signaling, it is not known how cAMP-dependent plasticity drives coherent changes in neuronal physiology that encode the memory trace, or engram. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) is critically involved in olfactory classical conditioning, and cAMP signaling molecules are necessary and sufficient for normal memory in intrinsic MB neurons. To evaluate the role of cAMP-dependent plasticity in learning, we examined how cAMP manipulations and olfactory classical conditioning modulate olfactory responses in the MB with in vivo imaging. Elevating cAMP pharmacologically or optogenetically produced plasticity in MB neurons, altering their responses to odorants. Odor-evoked Ca2+ responses showed net facilitation across anatomical regions. At the single-cell level, neurons exhibited heterogeneous responses to cAMP elevation, suggesting that cAMP drives plasticity to discrete subsets of MB neurons. Olfactory appetitive conditioning enhanced MB odor responses, mimicking the cAMP-dependent plasticity in directionality and magnitude. Elevating cAMP to equivalent levels as appetitive conditioning also produced plasticity, suggesting that the cAMP generated during conditioning affects odor-evoked responses in the MB. Finally, we found that this plasticity was dependent on the Rutabaga type I adenylyl cyclase, linking cAMP-dependent plasticity to behavioral modification. Overall, these data demonstrate that learning produces robust cAMP-dependent plasticity in intrinsic MB neurons, which is biased toward naturalistic reward learning. This suggests that cAMP signaling may serve to modulate intrinsic MB responses toward salient stimuli.

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35

Nourkova, Veronika V. "Compressed Life Review: Extreme Manifestation of Autobiographical Memory in Eye-Tracker." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10030060.

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The compressed life review (CLR) is a mnemonic illusion of having “your entire life flashing before your eyes”. This research was guided by concerns over the retrospective methodology used in CLR studies. To depart from this methodology, I considered the long-term working memory (WM), “concentric”, and “activation-based” models of memory. A novel theoretically rooted laboratory-based experimental technique aimed to elicit the CLR-like experience with no risk to healthy participants was developed. It consists of listening to superimposed audio recordings of previously trained verbal cues to an individually composed set of self-defining memories (SDMs). The technique evoked a self-reported CLR-like experience in 10 out of 20 participants. A significant similarity in eye movement patterns between a single SDM condition and a choir of SDM conditions in self-reported CLR experiencers was confirmed. In both conditions, stimuli caused relative visual immobilization, in contrast to listening to a single neutral phrase, and a choir of neutral phrases that led to active visual exploration. The data suggest that CLR-like phenomenology may be successfully induced by triggering short-term access to the verbally cued SDMs and may be associated with specific patterns of visual activity that are not reportedly involved with deliberate autobiographical retrieval.

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Hoshino, Yuji, and Asuka Hayashi. "The effect of cue types on the specificity of autobiographical memory: A comparison of word, picture, and odor cues." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 3AM—1–094–3AM—1–094. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_3am-1-094.

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37

Eich, Eric, and Dawn Macaulay. "Are Real Moods Required to Reveal Mood-Congruent and Mood-Dependent Memory?" Psychological Science 11, no. 3 (May 2000): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00249.

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While simulating, or acting as if, they were either happy or sad, university students recounted emotionally positive, neutral, or negative events from their personal past. Two days later, subjects were asked to freely recall the gist of all of these events, and they did so while simulating a mood that either did or did not match the one they had feigned before. By comparing the present results with those of a previous study, in which affectively realistic and subjectively convincing states of happiness and sadness had been engendered experimentally, we searched for—and found—striking differences between simulated and actual moods in their impact on autobiographical memory. In particular, it appears that the mood-congruent effects elicited by simulated moods are qualitatively different from those evoked by induced moods, and that only authentic affects have the power to produce mood-dependent effects.

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38

Wu, Dongmei, Taolin Chen, Xiaoqi Huang, Lizhou Chen, Yuchuan Yue, Hao Yang, Xiuying Hu, and Qiyong Gong. "The Role of Old Photos in Reminiscence Therapy in Elderly Women With Depressive Symptoms: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study." Biological Research For Nursing 22, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800420908002.

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Background: Although evidence shows that reminiscence therapy relieves depression in the elderly, few studies have explored its mechanisms and it is unclear whether old public photos rather than personal photos are effective prompts. Objectives: The aims of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with an event-related design were to explore whether old public photos can evoke autobiographical memories and compare brain-activation responses to photos between elderly women with depressive symptoms (DS) and normal controls (NC). Methods: Elderly women with DS ( n = 16) and NC ( n = 18) were recruited from urban communities in Southwest China. Participants responded with a key press to indicate which of 40 photos evoked autobiographical memories at first sight during 3.0 T scanning. Afterward, they rated photos on a 9-point Likert-type scale on the degrees of recall (DOR), arousal, and pleasure elicited and the degree to which photos felt old. Results: Mean DOR scores were 8.47 ± 0.77 and 1.37 ± 1.09 for high- and low-DOR photos, respectively. Response time was longer in DS compared to NC participants. Brain areas activated by exposure to high-DOR photos differed between groups, with reminiscence leading to decreased activation of the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, right insular lobe, and bilateral cerebellum anterior lobe in DS compared to NC participants. Conclusion: Old public photos can evoke autobiographical memory. DS are associated with brain dysfunction. Early intervention for DS is recommended in the elderly.

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Morales-de-Jesús, Victor, Helena Gómez-Adorno, María Somodevilla-García, and Darnes Vilariño. "Conversational System as Assistant Tool in Reminiscence Therapy for People with Early-Stage of Alzheimer’s." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081036.

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Reminiscence therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that helps mitigate unstable psychological and emotional states in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, where past experiences are evoked through conversations between the patients and their caregivers, stimulating autobiographical episodic memory. It is highly recommended that people with Alzheimer regularly receive this type of therapy. In this paper, we describe the development of a conversational system that can be used as a tool to provide reminiscence therapy to people with Alzheimer’s disease. The system has the ability to personalize the therapy according to the patients information related to their preferences, life history and lifestyle. An evaluation conducted with eleven people related to patient care (caregiver = 9, geriatric doctor = 1, care center assistant = 1) shows that the system is capable of carrying out a reminiscence therapy according to the patient information in a successful manner.

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Turner, Glenn C., Maxim Bazhenov, and Gilles Laurent. "Olfactory Representations by Drosophila Mushroom Body Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 2 (February 2008): 734–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01283.2007.

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Learning and memory has been studied extensively in Drosophila using behavioral, molecular, and genetic approaches. These studies have identified the mushroom body as essential for the formation and retrieval of olfactory memories. We investigated odor responses of the principal neurons of the mushroom body, the Kenyon cells (KCs), in Drosophila using whole cell recordings in vivo. KC responses to odors were highly selective and, thus sparse, compared with those of their direct inputs, the antennal lobe projection neurons (PNs). We examined the mechanisms that might underlie this transformation and identified at least three contributing factors: excitatory synaptic potentials (from PNs) decay rapidly, curtailing temporal integration, PN convergence onto individual KCs is low (∼10 PNs per KC on average), and KC firing thresholds are high. Sparse activity is thought to be useful in structures involved in memory in part because sparseness tends to reduce representation overlaps. By comparing activity patterns evoked by the same odors across olfactory receptor neurons and across KCs, we show that representations of different odors do indeed become less correlated as they progress through the olfactory system.

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Strauch, Christina, and Denise Manahan-Vaughan. "Orchestration of Hippocampal Information Encoding by the Piriform Cortex." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz077.

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Abstract The hippocampus utilizes olfactospatial information to encode sensory experience by means of synaptic plasticity. Odor exposure is also a potent impetus for hippocampus-dependent memory retrieval. Here, we explored to what extent the piriform cortex directly impacts upon hippocampal information processing and storage. In behaving rats, test-pulse stimulation of the anterior piriform cortex (aPC) evoked field potentials in the dentate gyrus (DG). Patterned stimulation of the aPC triggered both long-term potentiation (LTP > 24 h) and short-term depression (STD), in a frequency-dependent manner. Dual stimulation of the aPC and perforant path demonstrated subordination of the aPC response, which was nonetheless completely distinct in profile to perforant path-induced DG plasticity. Correspondingly, patterned aPC stimulation resulted in somatic immediate early gene expression in the DG that did not overlap with responses elicited by perforant path stimulation. Our results support that the piriform cortex engages in specific control of hippocampal information processing and encoding. This process may underlie the unique role of olfactory cues in information encoding and retrieval of hippocampus-dependent associative memories.

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Yuan, Q., and C. W. Harley. "What a nostril knows: Olfactory nerve-evoked AMPA responses increase while NMDA responses decrease at 24-h post-training for lateralized odor preference memory in neonate rat." Learning & Memory 19, no. 2 (January 12, 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.024844.111.

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Nusser, Zoltan, Leslie M. Kay, Gilles Laurent, Gregg E. Homanics, and Istvan Mody. "Disruption of GABAA Receptors on GABAergic Interneurons Leads to Increased Oscillatory Power in the Olfactory Bulb Network." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 2823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.2823.

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Synchronized neural activity is believed to be essential for many CNS functions, including neuronal development, sensory perception, and memory formation. In several brain areas GABAA receptor–mediated synaptic inhibition is thought to be important for the generation of synchronous network activity. We have used GABAA receptor β3 subunit deficient mice (β3−/−) to study the role of GABAergic inhibition in the generation of network oscillations in the olfactory bulb (OB) and to reveal the role of such oscillations in olfaction. The expression of functional GABAA receptors was drastically reduced (>93%) in β3−/− granule cells, the local inhibitory interneurons of the OB. This was revealed by a large reduction of muscimol-evoked whole-cell current and the total current mediated by spontaneous, miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). In β3−/− mitral/tufted cells (principal cells), there was a two-fold increase in mIPSC amplitudes without any significant change in their kinetics or frequency. In parallel with the altered inhibition, there was a significant increase in the amplitude of theta (80% increase) and gamma (178% increase) frequency oscillations in β3−/− OBs recorded in vivo from freely moving mice. In odor discrimination tests, we found β3−/− mice to be initially the same as, but better with experience than β3+/+ mice in distinguishing closely related monomolecular alcohols. However, β3−/− mice were initially better and then worse with practice than control mice in distinguishing closely related mixtures of alcohols. Our results indicate that the disruption of GABAAreceptor–mediated synaptic inhibition of GABAergic interneurons and the augmentation of IPSCs in principal cells result in increased network oscillations in the OB with complex effects on olfactory discrimination, which can be explained by an increase in the size or effective power of oscillating neural cell assemblies among the mitral cells of β3−/− mice.

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El Haj, Mohamad. "ODor-evoked Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer’s disease?" Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, September 7, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab074.

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Abstract Objective Because memory decline is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), an important endeavor for both clinicians and researchers is to improve memory performances in AD. This can be pursued by olfactory stimulation of memory in patients with AD and by studying the effects of olfactory stimulation on autobiographical memory (i.e., memory for personal information). The effects of olfactory stimulation on autobiographical memory in patients with mild AD have been reported by recent research. We thus provide the first comprehensive overview of research on odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD. We also establish the basis for solid theoretical analysis concerning the memory improvement reported by research on odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD. Method We examined literature on odor-evoked autobiographical memories in AD and propose the “OdAMA” (Odor-evoked Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer’s disease) model. Results and discussion According to OdAMA model, odor exposure activates involuntary access to specific autobiographical memories, which promotes enhanced experience subjective of retrieval in patients with AD and improves their ability to construct not only recent and remote events but also future ones. The OdAMA model could serve as a guide for researchers and clinicians interested in odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD.

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Masaoka, Yuri, Haruko Sugiyama, Masaki Yoshida, Akira Yoshikawa, Motoyasu Honma, Nobuyoshi Koiwa, Shotaro Kamijo, et al. "Odors Associated With Autobiographical Memory Induce Visual Imagination of Emotional Scenes as Well as Orbitofrontal-Fusiform Activation." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (August 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.709050.

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Specific odors can induce memories of the past, especially those associated with autobiographical and episodic memory. Odors associated with autobiographical memories have been found to elicit stronger activation in the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, and parahippocampus compared with odors not linked to personal memories. Here, we examined whether continuous odor stimuli associated with autobiographical memories could activate the above olfactory areas in older adults and speculated regarding whether this odor stimulation could have a protective effect against age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the relationship between blood oxygen levels in olfactory regions and odor-induced subjective memory retrieval and emotions associated with autobiographical memory in older adults. In our group of healthy older adults, the tested odors induced autobiographical memories that were accompanied by increasing levels of retrieval and the feeling of being “brought back in time.” The strength of the subjective feelings, including vividness of the memory and degree of comfort, impacted activation of the left fusiform gyrus and left posterior orbitofrontal cortex. Further, our path model suggested that the strength of memory retrieval and of the emotions induced by odor-evoked autobiographical memories directly influenced neural changes in the left fusiform gyrus, and impacted left posterior orbitofrontal cortex activation through the left fusiform response.

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Larsson, Maria, Johan Willander, Kristina Karlsson, and Artin Arshamian. "Olfactory LOVER: behavioral and neural correlates of autobiographical odor memory." Frontiers in Psychology 5 (April 11, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00312.

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Jakubowski, Kelly, and Anita Ghosh. "Music-evoked autobiographical memories in everyday life." Psychology of Music, December 16, 2019, 030573561988880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735619888803.

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Music can be a particularly effective cue for bringing one back to the sights and sounds of events from across the lifespan. These music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) have typically been studied within laboratory experiments and clinical settings, often using experimenter-selected music to cue autobiographical memories. The present work took a more naturalistic approach, by studying the situational aspects, contents, and features of MEAMs within the course of participants’ everyday lives. Participants ( N = 31) recorded details of their MEAMs and music listening habits in a diary for 7 days. MEAMs were experienced, on average, once per day and were cued by a wide variety of music, often during routine tasks such as traveling and housework. Everyday MEAMs were typically rated as highly vivid and involuntary and were often accompanied by positive or mixed emotions (e.g., happiness, nostalgia) and social themes. Some evidence of individual differences was found, with older participants rating their MEAMs as more vivid and accompanied by more positive emotions. The features reported within everyday MEAMs replicated several previous findings on MEAMs and autobiographical memory more generally, indicating that this naturalistic method was able to capture genuine MEAM experiences. Implications for future research on naturally occurring MEAMs are discussed.

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Watanabe, Keiko, Yuri Masaoka, Mitsuru Kawamura, Masaki Yoshida, Nobuyoshi Koiwa, Akira Yoshikawa, Satomi Kubota, Masahiro Ida, Kenjiro Ono, and Masahiko Izumizaki. "Left Posterior Orbitofrontal Cortex Is Associated With Odor-Induced Autobiographical Memory: An fMRI Study." Frontiers in Psychology 9 (May 11, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00687.

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Martin-Subero, Marta, Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Pilar Salgado-Pineda, Josep Salavert, Antoni Arevalo, Clara Bosque, Carmen Sarri, et al. "Autobiographical memory and default mode network function in schizophrenia: an fMRI study." Psychological Medicine, November 4, 2019, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719003052.

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Abstract Background The brain functional correlates of autobiographical recall are well established, but have been little studied in schizophrenia. Additionally, autobiographical memory is one of a small number of cognitive tasks that activates rather than de-activates the default mode network, which has been found to be dysfunctional in this disorder. Methods Twenty-seven schizophrenic patients and 30 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing cue words that evoked autobiographical memories. Control conditions included both non-memory-evoking cues and a low level baseline (cross fixation). Results Compared to both non-memory evoking cues and low level baseline, autobiographical recall was associated with activation in default mode network regions in the controls including the medial frontal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus, as well as other areas. Clusters of de-activation were seen outside the default mode network. There were no activation differences between the schizophrenic patients and the controls, but the patients showed clusters of failure of de-activation in non-default mode network regions. Conclusions According to this study, patients with schizophrenia show intact activation of the default mode network and other regions associated with recall of autobiographical memories. The finding of failure of de-activation outside the network suggests that schizophrenia may be associated with a general difficulty in de-activation rather than dysfunction of the default mode network per se.

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Shanahan, Laura K., Eva Gjorgieva, Ken A. Paller, Thorsten Kahnt, and Jay A. Gottfried. "Odor-evoked category reactivation in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex during sleep promotes memory consolidation." eLife 7 (December 18, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.39681.

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Slow-wave sleep is an optimal opportunity for memory consolidation: when encoding occurs in the presence of a sensory cue, delivery of that cue during sleep enhances retrieval of associated memories. Recent studies suggest that cues might promote consolidation by inducing neural reinstatement of cue-associated content during sleep, but direct evidence for such mechanisms is scant, and the relevant brain areas supporting these processes are poorly understood. Here, we address these gaps by combining a novel olfactory cueing paradigm with an object-location memory task and simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording in human subjects. Using pattern analysis of fMRI ensemble activity, we find that presentation of odor cues during sleep promotes reactivation of category-level information in ventromedial prefrontal cortex that significantly correlates with post-sleep memory performance. In identifying the potential mechanisms by which odor cues selectively modulate memory in the sleeping brain, these findings bring unique insights into elucidating how and what we remember.

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