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Journal articles on the topic 'Odor quality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bestgen, Anne-Kathrin, Patrick Schulze, and Lars Kuchinke. "Odor Emotional Quality Predicts Odor Identification." Chemical Senses 40, no. 7 (July 3, 2015): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjv037.

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2

Öberg, Christina, Maria Larsson, and Lars Bäckman. "Differential sex effects in olfactory functioning: The role of verbal processing." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 5 (July 2002): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702801424.

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AbstractWe investigated sex difference across a number of olfactory tasks. Thirty-six men and 35 women ranging in age from 19 to 36 years were assessed in 6 different tasks: absolute sensitivity for n-butanol, intensity discrimination, quality discrimination, episodic recognition memory for familiar and unfamiliar odors, and odor identification. No sex differences were observed in the tasks tapping primarily sensory acuity (i.e., odor sensitivity, intensity discrimination, and quality discrimination) or in episodic memory for unfamiliar odors. By contrast, women outperformed men in the tasks involving verbal processing (i.e., memory for familiar odors and odor identification). Interestingly, controlling for odor naming ability resulted in that the observed sex difference in episodic odor memory for familiar odors disappeared. This outcome suggests that women's superiority in episodic odor memory is largely mediated by their higher proficiency in odor identification.

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3

Wise, P. M. "Quantification of Odor Quality." Chemical Senses 25, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/25.4.429.

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4

Burlingame, G. A. "A practical framework using odor survey data to prioritize nuisance odors." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 3 (February 1, 2009): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.872.

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There are three main questions that need to be answered to address nuisance odors at the fenceline of a wastewater treatment plant: What odors are occurring at the fenceline of the plant? What processes within the plant give rise to these odors? What priority should we assign to mitigation of the nuisance odors? The prioritization is based on three factors that make odors a nuisance: strength or intensity of the odor when it is detected; quality or description of the odor; persistence or occurrence of the odor at the fenceline. Since fenceline odors vary according to: wind direction; wind speed; atmospheric stability and obstructions (buildings, trees, roadways), this study conducted odor surveys at the fenceline of a wastewater plant between April and November for 20 surveys. The data were used to develop a practical framework in three steps: summarize fenceline (residential vs non-residential) odor survey data; use odor type category and average odor strength to determine the annoyance factor; use annoyance factor and fenceline occurrence to determine the priority rating for nuisance odors to be mitigated.

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5

Rosenfeld, P. E., and I. H. Suffet. "Understanding odorants associated with compost, biomass facilities, and the land application of biosolids." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0569.

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Odorous water and air can result from compost, biomass facilities and land application of biosolids. Common odorous compounds from these biodegradation systems include alcohols, aldehydes, fatty acids, solvents and various sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Each odorant possesses a unique individual odor signature i.e. odor character or quality, odor threshold concentration and chemical concentration. This paper develops an initial understanding of how the volatile odorous chemicals and their relative concentrations produced are related to the total odor quality from the process by their odor threshold concentrations. The compost process is used as an example. It was estimated, that on day 1 and 7, the primary fatty acids controlling the fermented and rotten odors were butyric acid and valeric acids, individually, unpleasant and rancid odors, respectively, although acetic acid had the highest fatty acid concentration on both days. In the same way, aldehydes and ketones controlled the disappearance of the sweet odor from day 1 to 7.

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6

Bian, Yuge, Haoning Gong, and I. H. (Mel) Suffet. "The Use of the Odor Profile Method with an “Odor Patrol” Panel to Evaluate an Odor Impacted Site near a Landfill." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040472.

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A third-party-trained “Odor Patrol” program was conducted at a school that is about a one-mile distance from a landfill to clarify the odor nuisance problems from the landfill. Every 20 min from 6 to 9 a.m. on school days, the “Odor Profile Method” (OPM) was used with the landfill odor wheel to identify the odor type and intensity of each odor type. This study showed that an Odor Patrol using the OPM can accurately define odor nuisance changes over time and can be used as a method to confirm changes of odor nuisances in a field study. The Odor Patrol only found 13 data inputs of the 1000 data inputs (1.3%) for the 100-day odor monitoring with a landfill odor or trash odor that could cause odor complaints. The Odor Patrol data and the Odor Complaint data compared well. The OPM by an “Odor Patrol” could determine the contribution of the nuisance odors from 6 to 9 a.m. at the school site, about one mile away from the landfill. The study demonstrated a novel approach for odor monitoring by using the Odor Profile Method with an Odor Patrol. The OPM not only confirmed the mitigation of a landfill odor problem, but it also determined odor character, odor intensity, odor frequency and odor duration during this study period. “Landfill gas” was determined to be primarily a rotten vegetable odor with a secondary sewery/fecal odor of lower intensity, and “trash odors” were primarily a rancid and sweet odor with a secondary sewery/fecal and/or rotten vegetable odor of lower intensities generated from trash reaching the landfill. The order of intensity observed from high to low was: Trash odor (Rancid–Sweet) > Rotten vegetable > Sewery/Fecal > Rancid. Thus, trash odor is the major problematic odor from the landfill site. Quality assurance methods were used to remove local odors from the evaluation.

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7

Krauel, Kerstin, Philipp Schott, Bernfried Sojka, Bettina M. Pause, and Roman Ferstl. "Is There a Mismatch Negativity Analogue in the Olfactory Event-Related Potential?" Journal of Psychophysiology 13, no. 1 (January 1999): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.13.1.49.

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Abstract The mismatch negativity (MMN) is thought to indicate automatic stimulus discrimination in response to acoustic stimuli. In the present study six male subjects were presented with the odors linalool and eugenol within a passive oddball-paradigm. The subjects were instructed to ignore the odors and concentrate on an auditory distractor task. In two sessions each odor served once as the standard stimulus and once as the deviant stimulus. Both odors when presented as deviants led to a negative deflection of the olfactory event-related potential (OERP) between 500-600 ms. After 600 ms the waveforms in response to the deviants were differentially influenced by odor quality. Although the present study should be understood as exploratory, the results suggest the existence of an early mismatch detector in the olfactory modality independent of attention and odor quality.

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8

Seto, Hiroshi, Ikue Saitou, Aya Onuki, Emiko Todaka, Hiroko Nakaoka, Masamichi Hanazato, and Chisato Mori. "Evaluation of indoor air quality by odor units (odor threshold ratio)." Toxicology Letters 189 (September 2009): S204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.618.

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9

IWASHITA, Go. "Odor and Air Quality in Vehicles." Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment 42, no. 6 (2011): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2171/jao.42.391.

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10

Kay, Leslie M., Tanja Crk, and Jennifer Thorngate. "A Redefinition of Odor Mixture Quality." Behavioral Neuroscience 119, no. 3 (2005): 726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.119.3.726.

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11

Stevens, David A., and Robert J. O'Connell. "Semantic-free scaling of odor quality." Physiology & Behavior 60, no. 1 (July 1996): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(96)00019-4.

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12

Amoore, J. E. "Odor Standards in Squeeze-Bottle Kits for Matching Quality and Intensity." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0028.

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A valuable adjunct to flavor profile analysis, wastewater odor evaluation, and ambient air quality surveying is an array of reference odor standards for side-by-side comparisons with the unknown samples. Sets of convenient, nonspill squeeze-bottle standards have been developed for these purposes. Many of the required odor chemicals are stable in character up to six months in mineral-oil dilution and can provide hundreds of sniff-tests without significant loss of intensity. The author recently proposed a generalized “decismel scale” for describing odor threshold and odor level (by analogy with the decibel scale for sound). Prototype kits are suggested that demonstrate an odor intensity scale and a tentative selection of odor qualities.

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13

Zhang, Bohan, Jianhua Xiong, Tianyu Zhao, Shuangfei Wang, Hongxiang Zhu, Yanping Hou, Chengrong Qin, Yuheng Xie, and Guoning Chen. "The Influence of Key Elements in Black-Odor Water." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1965.

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Currently, the progress for the treatment of black-odor rivers is not optimistic. One of the main reasons is that the public understanding of the influence of key elements for the formation of black-odor water still remains unclear. Studying the key elements in black-odor water is important to determine the water quality conditions, evolution process, and mechanism underlying the formation of black-odor water, as well as to quantify the degree of black-odor water. In this study, the effect of total organic carbon on dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) values was studied by artificially simulating black-odor water. The contribution of inorganic sulfur (IS) and organic sulfur (OS) to the formation of black-odor water was discussed. The obtained results show that pure organic pollutants do not cause black-odor water. When the DO content is below 1 mg/L and the ORP value decreases to –200 mv, metal sulfides begin to appear, followed by pungent odors such as H2S and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Both IS and OS contribute to the black-odor water. IS is more likely to form metallic sulfides than OS; however, OS is more likely to produce pungent odors than IS.

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14

Suffet, I. H. (Mel), G. A. Burlingame, P. E. Rosenfeld, and A. Bruchet. "The value of an odor-quality-wheel classification scheme for wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0211.

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Each odorant possesses a unique odor signature (i.e. odor character or quality, odor threshold and chemical concentration). This paper develops an initial understanding of how the volatile odorous chemicals and their relative concentrations produced are related to the total odor quality from the process by their odor threshold concentrations and odor signatures.

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15

Sharma, Manju, Susan O'Connell, Brett Garelli, Chakkrid Sattayatewa, Demetrios Moschandreas, and Krishna Pagilla. "Case study of odor and indoor air quality assessment in the dewatering building at the Stickney Water Reclamation Plant." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 4 (February 1, 2012): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.898.

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Indoor air quality (IAQ) and odors were determined using sampling/monitoring, measurement, and modeling methods in a large dewatering building at a very large water reclamation plant. The ultimate goal was to determine control strategies to reduce the sensory impacts on the workforce and achieve odor reduction within the building. Study approaches included: (1) investigation of air mixing by using CO2 as an indicator, (2) measurement of airflow capacity of ventilation fans, (3) measurement of odors and odorants, (4) development of statistical and IAQ models, and (5) recommendation of control strategies. The results showed that air quality in the building complies with occupational safety and health guidelines; however, nuisance odors that can increase stress and productivity loss still persist. Excess roof fan capacity induced odor dispersion to the upper levels. Lack of a local air exhaust system of sufficient capacity and optimum design was found to be the contributor to occasional less than adequate indoor air quality and odors. Overall, air ventilation rate in the building has less effect on persistence of odors in the building. Odor/odorant emission rates from centrifuge drops were approximately 100 times higher than those from the open conveyors. Based on measurements and modeling, the key control strategies recommended include increasing local air exhaust system capacity and relocation of exhaust hoods closer to the centrifuge drops.

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16

Bax, Carmen, Selena Sironi, and Laura Capelli. "Definition and Application of a Protocol for Electronic Nose Field Performance Testing: Example of Odor Monitoring from a Tire Storage Area." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040426.

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Odor pollution is nowadays recognized as a serious environmental concern. Italy still lacks a national regulation about odors, but several regions issued specific guidelines and regulations regarding odor emissions management, which combine olfactometric measurements with dispersion modeling for assessing odor impacts and verifying compliance with acceptability criteria. However, in cases of variable or diffuse sources, this approach is sometimes hardly applicable, because odor emission rates can hardly be estimated. In such cases, electronic noses, or more generally, Instrumental Odor Monitoring Systems (IOMS), represent a suitable solution for direct odor measurement. Accordingly, IOMS are explicitly mentioned in the most recent regional regulations as advanced tools for odor impact assessment. In Italy, data from instrumental odor monitoring have started to have regulatory value; thus the need arises to have specific quality programs to ensure and verify the reliability of IOMS outcomes. This paper describes the monitoring by a commercial electronic nose (EOS507F) of odors from an area dedicated to tire storage, a diffuse source with variable emissions over time, for which dispersion modeling is not applicable. The paper proposes also a protocol for IOMS performance testing in the field, to provide experimental data to support technical groups working on standardization both on the national and European level.

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17

McQueen, Kelsey A., Kelly E. Fredericksen, and Chad L. Samuelsen. "Experience Informs Consummatory Choices for Congruent and Incongruent Odor–Taste Mixtures in Rats." Chemical Senses 45, no. 5 (April 2, 2020): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa025.

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Abstract Experience is an essential factor informing food choice. Eating food generates enduring odor–taste associations that link an odor with a taste’s quality and hedonic value (pleasantness/unpleasantness) and creates the perception of a congruent odor–taste combination. Previous human psychophysical experiments demonstrate that experience with odor–taste mixtures shapes perceptual judgments related to the intensity, familiarity, and pleasantness of chemosensory stimuli. However, how these perceptual judgments inform consummatory choice is less clear. Using rats as a model system and a 2-bottle brief-access task, we investigated how experience with palatable and unpalatable odor–taste mixtures influences consummatory choice related to odor–taste congruence and stimulus familiarity. We found that the association between an odor and a taste, not the odor’s identity or its congruence with a taste, informs consummatory choice for odor–taste mixtures. Furthermore, we showed that the association between an odor and a taste, not odor neophobia, informs consummatory choice for odors dissolved in water. Our results provide further evidence that the association between an odor and a taste, after odor–taste mixture experience, is a fundamental feature guiding consummatory choice.

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18

Xu, Lucy, Jia Liu, Kristen E. Wroblewski, Martha K. McClintock, and Jayant M. Pinto. "Odor Sensitivity Versus Odor Identification in Older US Adults: Associations With Cognition, Age, Gender, and Race." Chemical Senses 45, no. 4 (May 2020): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa018.

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Abstract The ability to identify odors predicts morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. It varies by age, gender, and race and is used in the vast majority of survey and clinical literature. However, odor identification relies heavily on cognition. Other facets of olfaction, such as odor sensitivity, have a smaller cognitive component. Whether odor sensitivity also varies by these factors has not been definitively answered. We analyzed data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative study of older US adults (n = 2081). Odor identification was measured using 5 validated odors presented with Sniffin’ Stick pens as was odor sensitivity in a 6-dilution n-butanol constant stimuli detection test. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression modeled relationships between olfaction and age, gender, race, cognition, education, socioeconomic status, social network characteristics, and physical and mental health. Odor sensitivity was worse in older adults (P < 0.01), without gender (P = 0.56) or race (P = 0.79) differences. Odor identification was also worse in older adults, particularly men (both P ≤ 0.01), without differences by race. Decreased cognitive function was associated with worse odor identification (P ≤ 0.01) but this relationship was weaker for odor sensitivity (P = 0.02) in analyses that adjusted for other covariates. Odor sensitivity was less strongly correlated with cognitive ability than odor identification, confirming that it may be a more specific measure of peripheral olfactory processing. Investigators interested in associations between olfaction and health should consider both odor sensitivity and identification when attempting to understand underlying neurosensory mechanisms.

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19

Stevenson, Richard J. "Perceptual learning with odors: Implications for psychological accounts of odor quality perception." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 8, no. 4 (December 2001): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196207.

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20

Sówka, Izabela, and Leszek Karski. "Preliminary analysis of odor legal solutions and study on their implementation possibilities in Poland." E3S Web of Conferences 28 (2018): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182801034.

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The problem of odor nuisance requires undertaking legal means that aim towards implementation of regulations in order to improve the odor-related quality of air in selected areas in Poland. So far the works carried out in the country were concluded by drawing up ‘The guidelines for the bill on counteracting the odor nuisance’. However, as a result of completed social consultations in Poland, the Ministry of Environment, in 2015, resigned from implementing of so called anti-odor act. Currently, the legislature is taking steps which aim at undertaking specific actions in order to introduce solutions, which would directly regulate the issues of odors and the odor nuisance, to the national system. In the countries of the European Union, the issues related to odors are solved in diversified ways and the system still lacks of a uniform proposition, among others related to odor standards. In connection with the above, actions that are taken on a national level should fundamentally aim at developing national odor standards which would take into account the type / the kind of economic activity being a source of odor emission (e.g. clearly separated for existing objects and planned investments), at establishing a procedure and also legal and operational requirements related to determination and the types of zones with defined values of acceptable concentration and determination of reference methodology in monitoring, and modeling the dispersion of odors e.g. including strictly defined frequency of necessary tests. In addition, the process should be accompanied by a creation of financial mechanisms and streams in range of investments related to the development of technology and methods used to limit emission of odors.

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21

Gross-Isseroff, Ruth, and Doron Lancet. "Concentration-dependent changes of perceived odor quality." Chemical Senses 13, no. 2 (1988): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/13.2.191.

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22

Kajino, M., and K. Sakamoto. "The relationship between musty-odor-causing organisms and water quality in Lake Biwa." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0426.

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Musty odor has occurred annually in Lake Biwa since 1969. Osaka municipal waterworks, which is located downstream of Lake Biwa, has made many efforts to treat musty-odor compounds produced in Lake Biwa from spring through autumn. With the development of analytical methods for the determination of musty-odor compounds, we have been able to confirm that planktonic blue-green algae are the major causes of the musty-odor occurrences. The relationship between the growth of blue-green algae and the water quality was not so apparent. However, through our data analysis focusing on the relationship between musty-odor occurrences due to Phormidium tenue or Oscillatoria tenuis and some nutrients in Lake Biwa, we found that the concentration of nitrate in water may be an important parameter for the estimation of growth of the algae and the musty-odor behavior.

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23

Wellis, D. P., J. W. Scott, and T. A. Harrison. "Discrimination among odorants by single neurons of the rat olfactory bulb." Journal of Neurophysiology 61, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.61.6.1161.

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1. Intracellular and extracellular recordings were made from rat olfactory bulb mitral and tufted cells during odor stimulation and during electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve. Neurons were identified by horseradish peroxidase injections and/or antidromic activation. The presentation of multiple concentrations of at least one odorant in a cyclic artificial sniff paradigm, as reported previously (10), allowed the study of odor responses. This approach was extended to multiple odorants to compare their concentration-response profiles. This procedure avoids the problems of interpretation resulting from nonequivalence of the effective concentrations of different odorants used as stimuli that have characterized previous studies of odor quality effects. Comparisons of intracellular events and responses to electrical stimulation with the odor-induced spike train activity allow us to begin to delineate the local circuitry involved in generating odor-induced responses. 2. The concentration-response profiles of the 72 cells in the present study are comparable to those previously reported for output neurons of the olfactory bulb, showing ordered changes in the temporal patterning of spike activity with step changes in odor concentration. However, eight of the neurons exhibited inhibitory responses to lower concentrations, but excitation, at similar latency, to higher concentrations of the same odorant. These data emphasize that to study pattern changes induced by changing odor quality the influence of stimulus intensity must also be carefully examined. The data also provide evidence that the temporal pattern evoked by an odorant is probably not in itself the code for odor quality recognition. 3. Complete concentration-response profiles, including subthreshold concentrations, to more than one odorant show that, although responses to the different odorant can evolve systematically with concentration, the responses to different odorants can evolve through very different patterns. For example, in some cells, the response patterns to different odors were complementary in form. These results demonstrate that the patterned responses of olfactory bulb neurons can reflect changes in odor quality as well as intensity. 4. Intracellular recording was employed to compare the temporal patterning of spikes during odor stimulation with membrane potential changes. In some cases, the spike pattern was closely correlated with apparent postsynaptic potentials. However, there were several clear exceptions. In five cells, a prominent hyperpolarization, seen in the first sniff of a series of 10 consecutive sniffs, was associated with pauses in spike activity. In the following

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24

McSorley, V. Eloesa, Jayant Pinto, L. Philip Schumm, Kristen Wroblewski, David Kern, Martha McClintock, and Diane S. Lauderdale. "Sleep and Olfaction among Older Adults." Neuroepidemiology 48, no. 3-4 (2017): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479066.

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Background: Sleep and olfaction are both critical physiological processes that tend to worsen with age. Decline in olfaction can be an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, whereas poor sleep quality is associated with reduced physical and mental health. Given associations with aging-related health declines, we explored whether variations in sleep were associated with olfactory function among older adults. Methods: We assessed the relationship between sleep characteristics and olfaction among 354 community-dwelling older adults. Olfaction was measured using a validated field and survey research tool. Sleep characteristics were measured using wrist actigraphy and with self-report of sleep problems. We fit structural equation models of latent constructs of olfaction based on olfactory task items and let this be a function of each sleep characteristic. Results: Actigraph sleep quality measures were associated with odor identification, but not with odor sensitivity. Longer duration sleepers had worse odor sensitivity compared to medium (58 h) sleepers, but sleep duration was not associated with odor identification. Reported sleep problems and reported usual duration were not associated with olfaction. Conclusions: Diminished sleep quality was associated with reduced capacity to identify odors. Determining whether this is a causal association will require further study and longitudinal data.

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Bax, Carmen, Selena Sironi, and Laura Capelli. "How Can Odors Be Measured? An Overview of Methods and Their Applications." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010092.

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In recent years, citizens’ attention towards air quality and pollution has increased significantly, and nowadays, odor pollution related to different industrial activities is recognized as a well-known environmental issue. For this reason, odors are subjected to control and regulation in many countries, and specific methods for odor measurement have been developed and standardized over the years. This paper, conceived within the H2020 D-NOSES project, summarizes odor measurement techniques, highlighting their applicability, advantages, and limits, with the aim of providing experienced as well as non-experienced users a useful tool that can be consulted in the management of specific odor problems for evaluating and identifying the most suitable approach. The paper also presents relevant examples of the application of the different methods discussed, thereby mainly referring to scientific articles published over the last 10 years.

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Budarina, O. V., M. A. Pinigin, L. A. Fedotova, Z. F. Sabirova, and T. D. Potapchenko. "MODERN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PERMISSIBLE CONTENT OF ODOROUS SUBSTANCES IN THE AMBIENT AIR." Toxicological Review, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2017-4-34-39.

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The paper presents an overview of the main methodological approaches in experimental standardization of odorants (or mixtures of odorants) in the ambient air according to «obsessive» odor inadmissibility as a limiting criterion for justification of Maximum allowable concentration (MAC maximum one time dose) . It is shown that the developed procedure of establishing a permissible content of those substances is based on estimating the relationship «concentration – odor sensation probability of different intensity» (olfactory-odorimetry), using a common scoring of smell intensity and modern olfactometry equipment. Justified normative values are harmonized with international criteria for air quality including epidemiological studies-based levels established for odors with various qualitative characteristics. Their implementation will ensure the protection of the population from «obsessive» odor.

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Yi, Qin, and Jie Min Liu. "The Effect of Inter-Trial Interval on the Variability of Odor Perceived Intensity." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.446.

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The effects of inter-trial interval on the stability of odor perceived intensity has been investigated in this paper. One min, three min and five min were set as intervals and the results showed that odor perceived intensities in the replicate experiments are relative stable when inter-trial interval is 1 min or 5 min. With a fixed inter-trial interval, the odor quality and odor intensity level have no significant effect on the variability of the odor perceived intensity; whereas, the variability of the perceived intensity is related to the odor quality at different inter-trial interval.

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Curren, Jane, Cherie L. (Cher) Snyder, Samantha Abraham, and I. H. (Mel) Suffet. "Comparison of two standard odor intensity evaluation methods for odor problems in air or water." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 1 (October 24, 2013): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.567.

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Government agencies responsible for ensuring healthful water and/or air quality are often faced with resolving public complaints of nuisance odors. Understanding variations in odor intensity may ultimately lead to the establishment and application by such agencies of quantitative limits for effective odorant control. An odor panel was trained in suprathreshold odor intensity evaluation using both the ASTM Method E544 (Butanol Method) and the APHA Method 2170 (Flavor Profile Analysis (FPA) Method). A linear mixed model was fitted to the panel data, taking into account the fixed effects of concentration levels and the random effects of panelists and sessions. The FPA method proved easier to administer and revealed less inter-session variance than the ASTM Method, suggesting its greater utility in applications involving odor panels. For both methods, there was a high standard deviation, relative to the mean. This finding indicates that the intensity scales may be useful for understanding relative odor intensities, but should not be used as a precise measure, or as a basis for establishing regulatory limits.

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Wojnarowska, Magdalena, Mariusz Sołtysik, Adam Sagan, Jadwiga Stobiecka, Jarosław Plichta, and Grażyna Plichta. "Impact of Odor Nuisance on Preferred Place of Residence." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083181.

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Context of the research: Research is increasingly carried out to take into account the social behavior of residents, the type of industry located in the area, and perceived preference for the place of residence. The quality of life in urban space is increasingly seen as a problem of cooperation between various stakeholders. These studies not only identify factors and sources of odor emissions, but also serve as the basis for creating systems to alert people living in areas adjacent to industrial areas or harmful and unpleasant industrial emissions. In recent years, environmental issues, particularly unpleasant sensory experiences, have been one of the most important acceptance criteria. Aim of the article: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of odor nuisance in the south-eastern part of Kraków (Płaszów) on the residents’ decision to leave their place of residence. In particular, the research goal was achieved to indicate which of the unpleasant odors may cause a change of residence, as well as to assess the degree of their impact on the decision to move, taking into account the social and demographic characteristics of residents. New in the article: The novelty of the work was the finding out of the residents’ opinions about the quality of life by accepting the place of residence, taking into account the aspect of odor nuisance. Previous studies on odor nuisance have focused on the emission of odors from individual plants. A novelty of this research is its implementation in an urban area, in which numerous industrial plants are located, with various odors emitted. Research methodology: To assess odor nuisance, a measuring tool developed in accordance with VDI 3883 guidelines was used, based on the latest research results on odor and noise nuisance. The questionnaire was developed based on German experience. Conclusions from the research: The data obtained as a result of the research allow us to state that specific smells are so burdensome that they may cause the necessity to leave the place of residence, because the respondents feel various unpleasant smells that have an adverse impact upon the quality of life that they perceive. A possible need for relocation of domiciles out of the current place of residence due to unpleasant smells would affect the perceptible, specific level of grief—the greater it is, the more attached the residents are to their current place of residence.

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De Wijk, René A., and William S. Cain. "Odor quality: Discrimination versus free and cued identification." Perception & Psychophysics 56, no. 1 (January 1994): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211686.

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Olsson, Mats J. "An interaction model for odor quality and intensity." Perception & Psychophysics 55, no. 4 (July 1994): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03205294.

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Laing, David G., and Patrick MacLeod. "Reaction time for the recognition of odor quality." Chemical Senses 17, no. 3 (1992): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/17.3.337.

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Roberts, S. Craig, Alexandra Kralevich, Camille Ferdenzi, Tamsin K. Saxton, Benedict C. Jones, Lisa M. DeBruine, Anthony C. Little, and Jan Havlicek. "Body Odor Quality Predicts Behavioral Attractiveness in Humans." Archives of Sexual Behavior 40, no. 6 (August 31, 2011): 1111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9803-8.

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Critchley, H. D., and E. T. Rolls. "Olfactory neuronal responses in the primate orbitofrontal cortex: analysis in an olfactory discrimination task." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1659.

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1.The primate orbitofrontal cortex receives inputs from the primary olfactory (pyriform) cortex and also from the primary taste cortex. To investigate how olfactory information is encoded in the orbitofrontal cortex, the responses of single neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex and surrounding areas were recorded during the performance of an olfactory discrimination task. In the task, the delivery of one of eight different odors indicated that the monkey could lick to obtain a taste of sucrose. If one of two other odors was delivered from the olfactometer, the monkey had to refrain from licking, otherwise he received a taste of saline. 2. Of the 1,580 neurons recorded in the orbitofrontal cortex, 3.1% (48) had olfactory responses and 34 (2.2%) responded differently to the different odors in the task. The neurons responded with a typical latency of 180 ms from the onset of odorant delivery. 3. Of the olfactory neurons with differential responses in the task, 35% responded solely on the basis of the taste reward association of the odorants. Such neurons responded either to all the rewarded stimuli, and none of the saline-associated stimuli, or vice versa. 4. The remaining 65% of these neurons showed differential selectivity for the stimuli based on the odor quality and not on the taste reward association of the odor. 5. The findings show that the olfactory representation within the orbitofrontal cortex reflects for some neurons (65%) which odor is present independently of its association with taste reward, and that for other neurons (35%), the olfactory response reflects (and encodes) the taste association of the odor. The additional finding that some of the odor-responsive neurons were also responsive to taste stimuli supports the hypothesis that odor-taste association learning at the level of single neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex enables such cells to show olfactory responses that reflect the taste association of the odor.

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Taniguchi, M., M. Kashiwayanagi, and K. Kurihara. "Quantitative analysis on odor intensity and quality of optical isomers in turtle olfactory system." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): R99—R104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.1.r99.

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No systematic electrophysiological study on differences in odor intensity and quality between optical isomers has been carried out. In the present study, we measured the turtle olfactory bulbar responses to six pairs of highly pure optical isomers and compared the differences in odor intensity and quality between the optical isomers. The results obtained indicated that with all odorants tested, there was no difference in odor threshold and intensity in the whole concentration range examined between optical isomers. The difference in odor quality of optical isomers was evaluated by a quantitative cross-adaptation method in which odorant concentration was varied. The degree of cross adaptation between optical isomers greatly varied with species of odorants. The rank order of the magnitude of the differences in odor quality between optical isomers was carvone greater than beta-citronellol greater than menthol greater than hydroxycitronellal greater than citronellal greater than limonene.

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Burlingame, G. A., I. H. Suffet, D. Khiari, and A. L. Bruchet. "Development of an odor wheel classification scheme for wastewater." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0571.

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Overall, in the air pollution control field, odor concentration and intensity as well as hedonic rating have been well studied to the point where some level of standardization is being developed or is already in place. However, there has been no standardization with respect to odor quality characterization. There is now sufficient understanding of the types of odorous compounds that can arise from wastewater treatment processes to develop an odor classification scheme. This article presents the first wastewater odor wheel or classification scheme that should form the foundation for the evolution of odor quality data reporting with links to chemical causes.

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Kelley, Keven M., Alexandra C. Stenson, Racheal Cooley, Rajarashi Dey, and Andrew J. Whelton. "The cleaning method selected for new PEX pipe installation can affect short-term drinking water quality." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 4 (April 25, 2015): 960–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.243.

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The influence of four different cleaning methods used for newly installed polyethylene (PEX) pipes on chemical and odor quality was determined. Bench-scale testing of two PEX (type b) pipe brands showed that the California Plumbing Code PEX installation method does not maximize total organic carbon (TOC) removal. TOC concentration and threshold odor number values significantly varied between two pipe brands. Different cleaning methods impacted carbon release, odor, as well the level of drinking water odorant ethyl tert-butyl ether. Both pipes caused odor values up to eight times greater than the US federal drinking water odor limit. Unique to this project was that organic chemicals released by PEX pipe were affected by pipe brand, fill/empty cycle frequency, and the pipe cleaning method selected by the installer.

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HIGUCHI, Takaya. "Quality Control in Olfactometry —Development of Practical Reference Odor for Quality Control—." Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment 41, no. 5 (2010): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2171/jao.41.312.

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Qiu, Jian Hui, and Jing Ling Bao. "Research on the Method of Odor Pollution Classification." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2179.

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In recent years, the numbers of odor pollution sources and odor pollution events are increasing rapidly, along with the high growth of life quality and the growing of people's environmental awareness. Odor pollution has been one of the hottest and most difficult problems that the environmental management department is facing. Evaluating and classifying the odor pollution is important basis for analyzing the odor pollution. This article has discussed the classification of odor pollution preliminary.

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Bierling, Antonie Louise, Ilona Croy, Thomas Hummel, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, and Alexander Croy. "Olfactory Perception in Relation to the Physicochemical Odor Space." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050563.

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A growing body of research aims at solving what is often referred to as the stimulus-percept problem in olfactory perception. Although computational efforts have made it possible to predict perceptual impressions from the physicochemical space of odors, studies with large psychophysical datasets from non-experts remain scarce. Following previous approaches, we developed a physicochemical odor space using 4094 molecular descriptors of 1389 odor molecules. For 20 of these odors, we examined associations with perceived pleasantness, intensity, odor quality and detection threshold, obtained from a dataset of 2000 naïve participants. Our results show significant differences in perceptual ratings, and we were able to replicate previous findings on the association between perceptual ratings and the first dimensions of the physicochemical odor space. However, the present analyses also revealed striking interindividual variations in perceived pleasantness and intensity. Additionally, interactions between pleasantness, intensity, and olfactory and trigeminal qualitative dimensions were found. To conclude, our results support previous findings on the relation between structure and perception on the group level in our sample of non-expert raters. In the challenging task to relate olfactory stimulus and percept, the physicochemical odor space can serve as a reliable and helpful tool to structure the high-dimensional space of olfactory stimuli. Nevertheless, human olfactory perception in the individual is not an analytic process of molecule detection alone, but is part of a holistic integration of multisensory inputs, context and experience.

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Zhang, Hong Mei, Fen Ling Chang, Yong Chang Yu, Yu Jing He, He Li, and Xin Chang Chen. "Application of Electronic Nose in Tea Quality Recognition." Advanced Materials Research 422 (December 2011): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.43.

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The current study uses the electronic nose FOX 4000 to inspect Xinyang Maojian tea in three quality levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) and statistical quality control (SQC) are adopted to analyze and recognize the data. PCA shows that there is a certain difference in the odor of the tea samples in the three quality levels. PCA can evidently distinguish three kinds of samples. SQC analysis shows that X800 and X600 are located outside the controllable range, indicating that they differ from X1200 in odor. This result is consistent with the PCA result. The study shows that electronic nose technology is expected to be applied widely in the rapid detection of tea.

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Coppola, D. M., C. T. Waggener, S. M. Radwani, and D. A. Brooks. "An electroolfactogram study of odor response patterns from the mouse olfactory epithelium with reference to receptor zones and odor sorptiveness." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): 2179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00769.2012.

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Olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) responses to odors, measured at the population level, tend to be spatially heterogeneous in the vertebrates that have been studied. These response patterns vary between odors but are similar across subjects for a given stimulus. However, few species have been studied making functional interpretation of these patterns problematic. One proximate explanation for the spatial heterogeneity of odor responses comes from evidence that olfactory receptor (OR) genes in rodents are expressed in OSN populations that are spatially restricted to a few zones in the olfactory epithelium (OE). A long-standing functional explanation for response anisotropy in the OE posits that it is the signature of a supplementary mechanism for quality coding, based on the sorptive properties of odor molecules. These theories are difficult to assess because most mapping studies have utilized few odors, provided little replication, or involved but a single species (rat). In fact, to our knowledge, a detailed olfactory response “map” has not been reported for mouse, the species used in most studies of gene localization. Here we report the results of a study of mouse OE response patterns using the electroolfactogram (EOG). We focused on the medial aspect of olfactory turbinates that are accessible in the midsagittal section. This limited approach still allowed us to test predictions derived from the zonal distribution of OSN types and the sorption hypothesis. In 3 separate experiments, 290 mice were used to record EOGs from a set of standard locations along each of 4 endoturbinates utilizing 11 different odors resulting in over 4,400 separate recordings. Our results confirmed a marked spatial heterogeneity in odor responses that varied with odor, as seen in other species. However, no discontinuities were found in the odor-specific response patterns across the OE as might have been predicted given the existence of classical receptor zones nor did we find clear support for the hypothesis that OE response patterns, presumably a reflection of OSN distribution, have been shaped through natural selection by the relative sorptive properties of odors. We propose that receptor zones may be an epiphenomenon of a contingent evolutionary process. In this formulation, constraints on developmental programs for distributing OSN classes within the OE may be minimally related to the odor ligands of specific class members. Further, we propose that odor sorptiveness, which appears to be correlated with the inherent response patterns in the OE of larger species, may be of minimal effect in mice owing to scaling issues.

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Jacobson, Larry D., Brian P. Hetchler, David R. Schmidt, Richard E. Nicolai, Albert J. Heber, Ji-Qin Ni, Steven J. Hoff, et al. "Quality Assured Measurements of Animal Building Emissions: Odor Concentrations." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 58, no. 6 (June 2008): 806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.58.6.806.

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Ueno, Yoshikazu. "Perception of odor quality by Free Image-Association Test." Japanese journal of psychology 63, no. 4 (1992): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.63.256.

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Brand, Gérard, and Laurence Jacquot. "Quality of odor and olfactory lateralization processes in humans." Neuroscience Letters 316, no. 2 (December 2001): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02375-8.

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Masek, P., and M. Heisenberg. "Distinct memories of odor intensity and quality in Drosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 41 (September 29, 2008): 15985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804086105.

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Belkin, Kira, Robyn Martin, Sarah E. Kemp, and Avery N. Gilbert. "Auditory Pitch as a Perceptual Analogue to Odor Quality." Psychological Science 8, no. 4 (July 1997): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00450.x.

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Lawless, Harry T., Sandy Glatter, and Christina Hohn. "Context-dependent changes in the perception of odor quality." Chemical Senses 16, no. 4 (1991): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/16.4.349.

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Furudono, Y., Y. Sone, K. Takizawa, J. Hirono, and T. Sato. "Relationship between Peripheral Receptor Code and Perceived Odor Quality." Chemical Senses 34, no. 2 (September 15, 2008): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjn071.

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Sullivan, Patrick S., and Raymond H. Huff. "AIR QUALITY AND ODOR IMPACTS FROM LANDFILL-RELATED EMISSIONS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2004, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 564–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784327458.

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