Academic literature on the topic 'Odour awareness'
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Journal articles on the topic "Odour awareness"
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Gostelow, P., and S. A. Parsons. "Sewage treatment works odour measurement." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 6 (March 1, 2000): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0090.
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Public concern over odours from sewage treatment works is increasing. More people are being exposed to odours, due to development around existing works or the construction of new works. Raised awareness of both the environment and individual rights has meant people are now more likely to complain. Odourabatement and control is a major issue for sewage works operators. To control odours, they must first be measured. This is no easy task as response to odours is subjective and our understanding of the sense of smell is incomplete. In assessing an odour nuisance, odour formation, emission, dispersion and perception must be considered. There is no single measure that is suitable for this purpose. Odour measurements fall into two classes. Analytical measurements characterise odours in terms of their chemical composition and are more suited to formation, emission and dispersion models. Unfortunately, they tell us little about the perceived effect of the odour. Sensory measurements employ the human nose and characterise odours in terms of their perceived effect. A link between analytical and sensory measurements is clearly needed. In this paper data collected from odour surveys at 17 different wastewater treatment sites are evaluated to explore possibilities for linking analytical and sensory measures. The relationship between hydrogen sulphide concentration and odour concentration as measured by threshold olfactometry is explored. Correlations suggest power-law relationships between hydrogen sulphide and odour concentration, with r2 values as high as 0.69. This paper will assess the use of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and olfactometry measurements for a range of unit operations and abatement technologies.
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Longhurst, P. J., M. Cotter, and P. Gostelow. "Odour management plans: a risk-based approach using stakeholder data." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0208.
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Annoyance is a familiar reaction to odours arising from wastewater treatment sites, a reaction which can result in complaints and prosecutions. Odour management plans can be used to assess the extent of nuisance caused and prioritise mitigation measures. Often, these plans have been developed purely on the basis of technical assessments of emission and dispersion, with the general aim of limiting odour concentrations to a specific threshold at some distance from the works. They have often been prepared with inconsistent communication between the site staff and consultant during the development process, and may not directly refer to the affected population. This paper describes a risk-based approach to developing odour management plans, in which mitigation measures are assessed and prioritised on the basis of the likely frequency and intensity of odour exposure. A key element of the approach is the use of knowledge from data gained from key stakeholder groups: customers, staff, and regulators. Emphasis is placed on the development of clear communications between these groups, which helps both in terms of raising awareness amongst operators as to the significance of odour problems, and also in managing the expectations of customers and regulators. The practical application of this approach is demonstrated by the development of odour management plans for wastewater treatment sites by Yorkshire Water Services Ltd. These have used data from staff, customers and regulators to develop risk grids, which are then used to prioritise remediation measures. Involving staff in the data collection operations has been successful in raising awareness of the significance of odours, and has in turn led to low-cost emission reductions through improved housekeeping. Improved communications between operators, customers and regulators has led to more realistic expectations with regard to odour problems, a situation which can reduce conflict and prevent the imposition of stringent and sometimes unrealistic odour standards.
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Martinec Nováková, Lenka, Monika Kliková, Eva Miletínová, and Jitka Bušková. "Olfaction-Related Factors Affecting Chemosensory Dream Content in a Sleep Laboratory." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091225.
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Mental activity in sleep often involves visual and auditory content. Chemosensory (olfactory and gustatory) experiences are less common and underexplored. The aim of the study was to identify olfaction-related factors that may affect the occurrence of chemosensory dream content. Specifically, we investigated the effects of all-night exposure to an ambient odour, participants’ appraisal of their current olfactory environment, their general propensity to notice odours and act on them (i.e., odour awareness), and their olfactory acuity. Sixty pre-screened healthy young adults underwent olfactory assessment, completed a measure of odour awareness, and spent three nights in weekly intervals in a sleep laboratory. The purpose of the first visit was to adapt to the experimental setting. On the second visit, half of them were exposed to the smell of vanillin or thioglycolic acid and the other half to an odourless control condition. On the third visit, they received control or stimulation in a balanced order. On each visit, data were collected twice: once from the first rapid eye movement (REM) stage that occurred after 3 a.m., and then shortly before getting up, usually from a non-REM stage. Participants were asked to report the presence of sensory dream content and to assess their current olfactory environment. Neither exposure, nor participants’ assessments of the ambient odour, or olfactory acuity affected reports of chemosensory dream content but they were more frequent in individuals with greater odour awareness. This finding may have implications for treatment when such experiences become unwanted or bothersome.
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Arshamian, Artin, Johan Willander, and Maria Larsson. "Olfactory awareness is positively associated to odour memory." Journal of Cognitive Psychology 23, no. 2 (March 2011): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2011.483226.
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Martinec Nováková, Lenka, and Jan Havlíček. "Development of odour awareness in pre-schoolers: A longitudinal study." Physiology & Behavior 204 (May 2019): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.035.
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Kumazaki, Hirokazu, Masako Okamoto, Yuko Yoshimura, Takashi Ikeda, Chiaki Hasegawa, Daisuke N. Saito, Ryoichiro Iwanaga, et al. "Brief Report: Odour Awareness in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50, no. 5 (August 4, 2018): 1809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3710-y.
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KAUR, D., M. SIDHU, and S. BAL. "Assessment of odour awareness of indoor pollution among rural and urban homemakers ofLudhiana city." ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajes/10.2/120-125.
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Apata, O. M., and O. O. Adewumi. "Perception of Sheep and Goat Milk Consumption among Rural Dwellers in South-Western Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i1.672.
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A total of 120 respondents were purposively selected to study the perception of sheep and goat milk consumption among rural dwellers in South-Western Nigeria. The study showed that most of the respondents (72.5%) are not aware of the consumption of such milk and as such only few (10, 8%) claimed that they have consumed it. Friends, relatives (14.2%) and health personnel (6.7%) were the sources of information on goat and sheep milk consumption to the respondents. Preference of other sources of milk, lack of awareness, traditional belief, odour of the milk and small quantity of the milk were the factors that discourage people from consuming the milk. Many of the respondents (57.7%) have positive perception of the milk. Among the socio-economic characteristics, age (r = 0.58417, 0.0001), educational qualification (X2 = 25.584, p < 0.05), marital status (X2 = 131.87, p < 05) and family size (r = 0.98751, p < 0.05) have significant relationships with the perception of the respondents about the milk.
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Carmo, Rose Ferraz, Paula Dias Bevilacqua, and Marisa Barletto. "Social representations of drinking water: subsidies for water quality surveillance programmes." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 3 (January 5, 2015): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.171.
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A qualitative study was developed aimed at understanding the social representations of water consumption by a segment of the population of a small town in Brazil. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out and subjected to a content analysis addressing opinion on drinking water, characteristics of drinking water and its correlation to health and diseases, criteria for water usage and knowledge on the source and accountability for drinking-water quality. Social representations of drinking water predominantly incorporate the municipal water supply and sanitation provider and its quality. The identification of the municipal water supply provider as alone responsible for maintaining water quality indicated the lack of awareness of any health surveillance programme. For respondents, chlorine was accountable for conferring colour, odour and taste to the water. These physical parameters were reported as the cause for rejecting the water supplied and suggest the need to review the focus of health-educational strategies based on notions of hygiene and water-borne diseases. The study allowed the identification of elements that could contribute to positioning the consumers vs. services relationship on a level playing field, enabling dialogue and exchange of knowledge for the benefit of public health.
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Spence, Charles, and Carmel A. Levitan. "Explaining Crossmodal Correspondences Between Colours and Tastes." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (May 2021): 204166952110182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211018223.
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For centuries, if not millennia, people have associated the basic tastes (e.g., sweet, bitter, salty, and sour) with specific colours. While the range of tastes may have changed, and the reasons for wanting to connect the senses in this rather surprising way have undoubtedly differed, there would nevertheless appear to be a surprisingly high degree of consistency regarding this crossmodal mapping among non-synaesthetes that merits further consideration. Traditionally, colour–taste correspondences have often been considered together with odour–colour and flavour–colour correspondences. However, the explanation for these various correspondences with the chemical senses may turn out to be qualitatively different, given the presence of identifiable source objects in the case of food aromas/flavours, but not necessarily in the case of basic tastes. While the internalization of the crossmodal statistics of the environment provides one appealing account for the existence of colour–taste correspondences, emotional mediation may also be relevant. Ultimately, while explaining colour–taste correspondences is of both theoretical and historical interest, the growing awareness of the robustness of colour–taste correspondences would currently seem to be of particular relevance to those working in the fields of design and multisensory experiential marketing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Odour awareness"
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Arshamian, Artin. "Olfactory Cognition : The Case of Olfactory Imagery." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88413.
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The capacity to form olfactory images has received less attention than the formation of visual and auditory images. The evidence in favor of such ability is also inconsistent. This thesis explored some of the characteristics of olfactory imagery through three empirical studies. Study I investigated the effects of blocking spontaneous sniffing during olfactory imagery. The results indicated that the prevention of spontaneous sniffing reduced olfactory but not visual imagery capacity. Study II studied the relation between olfactory awareness (as indexed by olfactory dreams, olfactory imagery, and olfactory interest) and olfactory functions (i.e., odor threshold, episodic odor memory, and odor identification). The main findings were that compared to low, high olfactory awareness was associated with better episodic odor memory and identification, but not with higher olfactory sensitivity. Study III investigated the neural correlates of odor evoked autobiographical memories (OEAMs) as (a) a function of cue modality (i.e., odors and their verbal referents), and (b) a function of memory remoteness. The results from Study III showed that OEAMs activated regions generally associated with autobiographical memory. In addition, verbally cued OEAMs were associated with activity linked to olfactory imagery. Odor cues activated the limbic and temporal polar regions more than verbal cues; a result that may explain the phenomenological differences found between the cued memories. Moreover, OEAMs from the first decade of life were associated with higher activity in the secondary olfactory cortex, whereas memories from young adulthood were related to areas linked to semantic memory processing. Taken together these studies favor the notion of a human capacity to form olfactory images.
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Nováková, Lenka. "Faktory přispívající k interindividuálním rozdílům v čichových schopnostech a všímavosti vůči pachům." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326711.
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The main body of the thesis deals with selected factors underlying the considerable variability in human olfactory abilities and some odour awareness-related measures, addressed in samples ranging in age from middle childhood to young adulthood. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part (Chapter 1), first presents the major advances and developments that brought about something of a renaissance of scientific interest in the human sense of smell, including the recent proliferation of psychophysical studies, both basic research and clinical. Next, an outline of olfactory psychophysical measures and related olfactory abilities that are of relevance to the studies presented in this thesis is provided. Subsequently, the selected factors contributing to interindividual differences in olfactory abilities, that have been addressed by this thesis, are reviewed, namely the effect of sex (or gender), which is approached from a developmental perspective, childhood gender nonconformity, and personality. Finally, intraindividual fluctuations in olfactory performance are also mentioned in brief. Next, the focus shifts to odour awareness by first introducing the various approaches that can be adopted to get closer to the real-life context as opposed to laboratory setting (where most olfactory studies continue to be...
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Vojtušová, Mrzílková Radka. "Souvislost čichových aktivit a čichových schopností a všímavosti vůči pachům u šestiletých dětí." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373155.
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A great degree of interindividual variability has been established in measures of psychophysical olfactory performance and odor awareness in both children and adults. Previous studies have suggested the possibility that one of the factors that might contribute to this variability might be the degree of odor exposure in everyday contexts. In the present study, we hypothesized that children exposed to a greater variety of odors on a more frequent basis would exhibit higher odor identification and odor awareness scores. We have found an effect of odor exposure on the children's olfactory knowledge as reflected in their reports of olfactory behavior, but not olfactory abilities. In so doing, we replicated some of the previous findings in the literature of female over male advantage in the olfactory domain. Namely, we report that girls showed a more profound understanding of their olfactory environment and a greater degree of olfaction-oriented behavior, which was not accounted for by a gender difference in verbal fluency. Nevertheless, girls did not outperform boys on either of the measures of olfactory performance. Semi-longitudinal and longitudinal studies in verbally proficient children, employing both self- and parental reports of children's odor exposure and repeated olfactory testing, might...
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Beaulieu, Lefebvre Mathilde. "Les habiletés olfactives des aveugles de naissance : organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle et aspects comportementaux." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4877.
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La littérature décrit certains phénomènes de réorganisation physiologique et fonctionnelle dans le cerveau des aveugles de naissance, notamment en ce qui a trait au traitement de l’information tactile et auditive. Cependant, le système olfactif des aveugles n’a reçu que très peu d’attention de la part des chercheurs. Le but de cette étude est donc de comprendre comment les aveugles traitent l’information olfactive au niveau comportemental et d’investiguer les substrats neuronaux impliqués dans ce processus. Puisque, en règle générale, les aveugles utilisent leurs sens résiduels de façon compensatoire et que le système olfactif est extrêmement plastique, des changements au niveau de l’organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle pourraient en résulter. Par le biais de méthodes psychophysiques et d’imagerie cérébrale (Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle-IRMf), nous avons investigué les substrats anatomo-fonctionnels sollicités par des stimuli olfactifs. Nous avons trouvé que les aveugles ont un seuil de détection plus bas que les voyants, mais que leur capacité à discriminer et identifier des odeurs est similaire au groupe contrôle. Ils ont aussi plus conscience de l’environnement olfactif. Les résultats d’imagerie révèlent un signal BOLD plus intense dans le cortex orbitofrontal droit, le thalamus, l’hippocampe droit et le cortex occipital lors de l’exécution d’une tâche de détection d’odeur. Nous concluons que les individus aveugles se fient d’avantage à leur sens de l’odorat que les voyants afin d’évoluer dans leur environnement physique et social. Cette étude démontre pour la première fois que le cortex visuel des aveugles peut être recruté par des stimuli olfactifs, ce qui prouve que cette région assume des fonctions multimodales.It is generally acknowledged that people blind from birth develop supra-normal sensory abilities in order to compensate for their visual deficit. While extensive research has been done on the somatosensory and auditory modalities of the blind, information about their sense of smell remains scant. The goal of this study was therefore to understand olfactory processing in the blind at the behavioral and the neuroanatomical levels. Since blind individuals use their remaining senses in a compensatory way to assess their environment and since the olfactory system is highly plastic, it is likely to be susceptible to changes similar to those observed for tactile and auditory modalities. We used psychophysical testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neuronal substrates responsible for odor processing. Our data showed that blind subjects had a lower odor detection threshold compared to the sighted. However, no group differences were found for odor discrimination and odor identification. Interestingly, the OAS revealed that blind participants scored higher for odor awareness. Our fMRI data revealed stronger BOLD responses in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral medio-dorsal thalamus, right hippocampus and left occipital cortex in the blind participants during an odor detection task. We conclude that blind subjects rely more on their sense of smell than the sighted in order to assess their environment and to recognize places and people. This is the first demonstration that the visual cortex of the blind can also be recruited by odorants, thus adding new evidence to its multimodal function.
Books on the topic "Odour awareness"
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Gersel, Johan, Rasmus Thybo Jensen, Morten S. Thaning, and Søren Overgaard, eds. In the Light of Experience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809630.001.0001.
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A simple idea: Perception is of what is in view (before the eyes), or making noise, or the noises made, or emitting odours, or the thus emitted (etc.). What we see is, say, a pig, or its perambulations, or its rooting beneath that oak. Sight offers us a certain form of awareness of this, characterized in one way by its objects. It thus offers us occasion for another sort: we may recognize what we are aware of as, for example, a case of a pig rooting, or of an interminable drum machine. We take up the offer in exercising capacities for recognition such as they are. John McDowell has argued that this cannot be quite right (or anyway complete). For it needs to posit rational relations where there can be none. What follows argues that McDowell cannot be quite right: if he were, thought would cease to exist.
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Travis, Charles. The Move, the Divide, the Myth, and its Dogma. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809630.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
A simple idea: Perception is of what is in view (before the eyes), or making noise, or the noises made, or emitting odours, or the thus emitted (etc.). What we see is, say, a pig, or its perambulations, or its rooting beneath that oak. Sight offers us a certain form of awareness of this, characterized in one way by its objects. It thus offers us occasion for another sort: we may recognize what we are aware of as, for example, a case of a pig rooting, or of an interminable drum machine. We take up the offer in exercising capacities for recognition such as they are. John McDowell has argued that this cannot be quite right (or anyway complete). For it needs to posit rational relations where there can be none. What follows argues that McDowell cannot be quite right: if he were, thought would cease to exist.
Book chapters on the topic "Odour awareness"
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Masayuki, Karaki, Kobayashi Eiji, Touge Tetsuo, and Mori Nozomu. "Evaluation of Olfactory Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." In Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 293–302. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch030.
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Hyposmia, psychiatric disorders, and cognitive problems are common non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how they are related to the progression of PD remains unclear. Olfactory dysfunction, which is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease, is considered to be an early manifestation of this disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in measuring olfaction in PD patients and to establish the cortical basis of olfactory function in PD patients. This study was conducted on 9 healthy normosmic volunteers and 24 patients with PD. The authors employed a 22-channel NIRS device with eight light-incident fibers and seven light-detection fibers and placed fibers every 2.5 cm on the forehead of volunteers. Isovaleric acid was used as the odor stimulant. The authors measured the changes in total hemoglobin (tHb) concentration from baseline values and compared the results obtained from healthy normosmic volunteers with those from PD patients. PD patients had higher scores in the subjective olfactory test and smaller changes in tHb concentrations compared with normal volunteers. In particular, no changes in tHb concentration were detected in patients with the awareness of the sense of smell disorder.
Conference papers on the topic "Odour awareness"
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Choi, Mi Hyun, Joshua Lee, and Frank L. Hammond. "Wearable Olfactory Augmentation Device for Hazardous Gas Detection." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6953.
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The goal of this study was to develop a wearable olfactory augmentation device (Fig. 1) that provides an intuitive and objective delivery of complex olfactory information via haptic feedback, in the form of cutaneous vibrotactile stimuli, in order to enhance environmental awareness of odor signals. The hypothesis is that displaying olfactory information through the skin enables intuitive and prompt identification of potentially hazardous chemicals and odors before they pose actual threats to the human body. In this work, an olfactory augmentation prototype is designed and manufactured, and experiments are conducted to assess the performance of device components and to improve the functionality of the device.