Journal articles: 'Odour awareness'

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Gostelow, P., and S. A. Parsons. "Sewage treatment works odour measurement." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 6 (March 1, 2000): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0090.

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Public concern over odours from sewage treatment works is increasing. More people are being exposed to odours, due to development around existing works or the construction of new works. Raised awareness of both the environment and individual rights has meant people are now more likely to complain. Odourabatement and control is a major issue for sewage works operators. To control odours, they must first be measured. This is no easy task as response to odours is subjective and our understanding of the sense of smell is incomplete. In assessing an odour nuisance, odour formation, emission, dispersion and perception must be considered. There is no single measure that is suitable for this purpose. Odour measurements fall into two classes. Analytical measurements characterise odours in terms of their chemical composition and are more suited to formation, emission and dispersion models. Unfortunately, they tell us little about the perceived effect of the odour. Sensory measurements employ the human nose and characterise odours in terms of their perceived effect. A link between analytical and sensory measurements is clearly needed. In this paper data collected from odour surveys at 17 different wastewater treatment sites are evaluated to explore possibilities for linking analytical and sensory measures. The relationship between hydrogen sulphide concentration and odour concentration as measured by threshold olfactometry is explored. Correlations suggest power-law relationships between hydrogen sulphide and odour concentration, with r2 values as high as 0.69. This paper will assess the use of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and olfactometry measurements for a range of unit operations and abatement technologies.

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Longhurst, P. J., M. Cotter, and P. Gostelow. "Odour management plans: a risk-based approach using stakeholder data." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0208.

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Annoyance is a familiar reaction to odours arising from wastewater treatment sites, a reaction which can result in complaints and prosecutions. Odour management plans can be used to assess the extent of nuisance caused and prioritise mitigation measures. Often, these plans have been developed purely on the basis of technical assessments of emission and dispersion, with the general aim of limiting odour concentrations to a specific threshold at some distance from the works. They have often been prepared with inconsistent communication between the site staff and consultant during the development process, and may not directly refer to the affected population. This paper describes a risk-based approach to developing odour management plans, in which mitigation measures are assessed and prioritised on the basis of the likely frequency and intensity of odour exposure. A key element of the approach is the use of knowledge from data gained from key stakeholder groups: customers, staff, and regulators. Emphasis is placed on the development of clear communications between these groups, which helps both in terms of raising awareness amongst operators as to the significance of odour problems, and also in managing the expectations of customers and regulators. The practical application of this approach is demonstrated by the development of odour management plans for wastewater treatment sites by Yorkshire Water Services Ltd. These have used data from staff, customers and regulators to develop risk grids, which are then used to prioritise remediation measures. Involving staff in the data collection operations has been successful in raising awareness of the significance of odours, and has in turn led to low-cost emission reductions through improved housekeeping. Improved communications between operators, customers and regulators has led to more realistic expectations with regard to odour problems, a situation which can reduce conflict and prevent the imposition of stringent and sometimes unrealistic odour standards.

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Martinec Nováková, Lenka, Monika Kliková, Eva Miletínová, and Jitka Bušková. "Olfaction-Related Factors Affecting Chemosensory Dream Content in a Sleep Laboratory." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091225.

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Mental activity in sleep often involves visual and auditory content. Chemosensory (olfactory and gustatory) experiences are less common and underexplored. The aim of the study was to identify olfaction-related factors that may affect the occurrence of chemosensory dream content. Specifically, we investigated the effects of all-night exposure to an ambient odour, participants’ appraisal of their current olfactory environment, their general propensity to notice odours and act on them (i.e., odour awareness), and their olfactory acuity. Sixty pre-screened healthy young adults underwent olfactory assessment, completed a measure of odour awareness, and spent three nights in weekly intervals in a sleep laboratory. The purpose of the first visit was to adapt to the experimental setting. On the second visit, half of them were exposed to the smell of vanillin or thioglycolic acid and the other half to an odourless control condition. On the third visit, they received control or stimulation in a balanced order. On each visit, data were collected twice: once from the first rapid eye movement (REM) stage that occurred after 3 a.m., and then shortly before getting up, usually from a non-REM stage. Participants were asked to report the presence of sensory dream content and to assess their current olfactory environment. Neither exposure, nor participants’ assessments of the ambient odour, or olfactory acuity affected reports of chemosensory dream content but they were more frequent in individuals with greater odour awareness. This finding may have implications for treatment when such experiences become unwanted or bothersome.

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Arshamian, Artin, Johan Willander, and Maria Larsson. "Olfactory awareness is positively associated to odour memory." Journal of Cognitive Psychology 23, no. 2 (March 2011): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2011.483226.

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Martinec Nováková, Lenka, and Jan Havlíček. "Development of odour awareness in pre-schoolers: A longitudinal study." Physiology & Behavior 204 (May 2019): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.035.

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Kumazaki, Hirokazu, Masako Okamoto, Yuko Yoshimura, Takashi Ikeda, Chiaki Hasegawa, Daisuke N. Saito, Ryoichiro Iwanaga, et al. "Brief Report: Odour Awareness in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50, no. 5 (August 4, 2018): 1809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3710-y.

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KAUR, D., M. SIDHU, and S. BAL. "Assessment of odour awareness of indoor pollution among rural and urban homemakers ofLudhiana city." ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajes/10.2/120-125.

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Apata, O. M., and O. O. Adewumi. "Perception of Sheep and Goat Milk Consumption among Rural Dwellers in South-Western Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i1.672.

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A total of 120 respondents were purposively selected to study the perception of sheep and goat milk consumption among rural dwellers in South-Western Nigeria. The study showed that most of the respondents (72.5%) are not aware of the consumption of such milk and as such only few (10, 8%) claimed that they have consumed it. Friends, relatives (14.2%) and health personnel (6.7%) were the sources of information on goat and sheep milk consumption to the respondents. Preference of other sources of milk, lack of awareness, traditional belief, odour of the milk and small quantity of the milk were the factors that discourage people from consuming the milk. Many of the respondents (57.7%) have positive perception of the milk. Among the socio-economic characteristics, age (r = 0.58417, 0.0001), educational qualification (X2 = 25.584, p < 0.05), marital status (X2 = 131.87, p < 05) and family size (r = 0.98751, p < 0.05) have significant relationships with the perception of the respondents about the milk.

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Carmo, Rose Ferraz, Paula Dias Bevilacqua, and Marisa Barletto. "Social representations of drinking water: subsidies for water quality surveillance programmes." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 3 (January 5, 2015): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.171.

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A qualitative study was developed aimed at understanding the social representations of water consumption by a segment of the population of a small town in Brazil. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out and subjected to a content analysis addressing opinion on drinking water, characteristics of drinking water and its correlation to health and diseases, criteria for water usage and knowledge on the source and accountability for drinking-water quality. Social representations of drinking water predominantly incorporate the municipal water supply and sanitation provider and its quality. The identification of the municipal water supply provider as alone responsible for maintaining water quality indicated the lack of awareness of any health surveillance programme. For respondents, chlorine was accountable for conferring colour, odour and taste to the water. These physical parameters were reported as the cause for rejecting the water supplied and suggest the need to review the focus of health-educational strategies based on notions of hygiene and water-borne diseases. The study allowed the identification of elements that could contribute to positioning the consumers vs. services relationship on a level playing field, enabling dialogue and exchange of knowledge for the benefit of public health.

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Spence, Charles, and Carmel A. Levitan. "Explaining Crossmodal Correspondences Between Colours and Tastes." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (May 2021): 204166952110182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211018223.

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For centuries, if not millennia, people have associated the basic tastes (e.g., sweet, bitter, salty, and sour) with specific colours. While the range of tastes may have changed, and the reasons for wanting to connect the senses in this rather surprising way have undoubtedly differed, there would nevertheless appear to be a surprisingly high degree of consistency regarding this crossmodal mapping among non-synaesthetes that merits further consideration. Traditionally, colour–taste correspondences have often been considered together with odour–colour and flavour–colour correspondences. However, the explanation for these various correspondences with the chemical senses may turn out to be qualitatively different, given the presence of identifiable source objects in the case of food aromas/flavours, but not necessarily in the case of basic tastes. While the internalization of the crossmodal statistics of the environment provides one appealing account for the existence of colour–taste correspondences, emotional mediation may also be relevant. Ultimately, while explaining colour–taste correspondences is of both theoretical and historical interest, the growing awareness of the robustness of colour–taste correspondences would currently seem to be of particular relevance to those working in the fields of design and multisensory experiential marketing.

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Fosu-Mensah, Benedicta Y., Derek Fiifi Adabie, Paa-Nii T. Johnson, and Michael Mensah. "Occupational and environmental health hazards associated with food processing and the use of personal protective equipment: A case study of Gari processing in southern Ghana." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2520.

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The processing of cassava into different staple foods, including gari, comes with occupational and environmental hazards. This research aimed at assessing the awareness of occupational health hazards associated with the processing of cassava (Manihot esculenta) into Gari, environmental impact and factors that influence the wearing of personal protective equipment. Ninety (90) Gari producers were randomly selected from Awutu Senya, Central Tongu and Ayensuano Districts of Ghana and interviewed using structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that Gari producing industry was dominated by women (78.9%). The majority of cassava processors in the study area were aware of health hazards associated with the production of gari. However, most did not take measures to reduce or mitigate exposure to health risk. The Gari industry was less attractive to people above 60 years (8.9%). Training on occupational safety and health risk was low among processors. The usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) by processors was low. Only 3.3%, 16 and 17.8% used footwear, working gear and coat, respectively, during processing. Factors that influenced processors' decision to use PPE included years of experience in processing, knowledge of health risk associated with the processing of cassava into Gari, awareness of protective equipment and a visit to health facility relating to condition sustained at work. Producers were aware of the environmental effects of Cassava-mill effluent but did not treat effluents before discharge into the environment. Some environmental effects of mill cassava effluent identified by the gari producers were; reduction in soil productivity, destruction of vegetation cover, the killing of trees and bad odour. The low level of education and training accounted for the low usage of PPEs.

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Beyene, A. A., A. Z. Woldegiorgis, A. A. Adish, S. De Saeger, and A. L. Tolossa. "Assessment of mothers’ knowledge and practice towards aflatoxin contamination in complementary foods in Ethiopia: from pre-harvest to household." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2088.

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This study assessed the knowledge and practices of the mothers in Ethiopia on issues related to aflatoxin in complementary foods (CFs) using structured questionnaires. The study involved 195 mothers from Amhara, Tigray, Oromia, and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions and addressed a range of issues used to prevent the risks of mould and aflatoxin contamination from farm-to-table. Of the 195 mothers who responded; 186 (95%) were ploughing their land before growing the next crop, 177 (91%) used the crop rotation schedule, 157 (81%) reported the practice of removing old seed heads and stalks used as an inoculum for aflatoxin contamination, 185 (95%) harvested the crops as soon as the crops were matured, 138 (70%) used a threshing method known as ‘trampling by hoofed animals’. After threshing, about 124 (64%) respondents had the knowledge and practice of drying cereals and legumes to decrease the moisture content, 134 (68%) used solar drying on a bare ground, 184 (94%) cleaned and disinfected the storage structures before storage. Almost all the respondents practiced the CFs processing steps properly and they used colour, type, odour, insect infestations, mouldiness and all these criteria to select the CFs ingredients. A total of 78 (40%) respondents had the practice of feeding mouldy cereals and legumes to animals, and 89 (46%) of the respondents erroneously believed that roasting can decontaminate the aflatoxin produced from mouldy cereals. As a general conclusion, the majority of the respondents are practicing good agricultural practices in the field, but they use poor storage and processing practices at homes which are susceptible to mould and aflatoxin contamination. Besides, they lack awareness about the toxic effects of aflatoxin on human health. Therefore, awareness creation about the health impacts of aflatoxin and methods of prevention need to be implemented in the study areas.

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Prabhu, Radhika D., C. Usha Devi, and R. Navaneetha. "Development and Evaluation of Protein Rich Nutri Bites for Adolescents." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 55, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2018.55.3.20046.

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Value addition of foods is of current interest because of increasing nutritional awareness among consumers. Adolescents’ protein requirements are high and hence value addition using millets is one way to meet the protein needs particularly through baked foods. An investigation was undertaken to develop protein rich nutri bites. Standardization trials indicated that incorporation of 10% jowar,5% bajra,10% foxtail millet,10% whole wheat flour,5% refined wheat flour, 20% groundnuts,10% almonds,5% chia seeds,5% watermelon seeds,5% whey protein,10% butter and 5% spices was highly accepted. The present study aimed at sensory evaluation, proximate analysis and shelf life study of the protein rich nutri bites (value added baked snack).The products were subjected to sensory evaluation by 25 semi trained panelists. Sensory qualities included appearance, colour, texture, taste, odour and overall acceptability. A 9-point hedonic rating scale was used. There was no statistical significant (p>0.05) difference with respect to texture and overall acceptability. The developed product contained 2.91% moisture, 19.8g protein, 20.06g fat, 1.65g total fiber, 2.9g ash, 51.9g carbohydrate and 422.02kcal energy per 100g on dry weight basis with a shelf life of 15-30 days. In adolescents this would replace junk food and also prevent overeating as it provides satiety. It is also useful for fitness enthusiasts as protein helps in building muscles.

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Varshney, Priyanshu M., Mriganko S. Ray, Tushar Nagyan, Sarvpreet S. Malhi, Digpal H. Thakore, Naresh A. Modi, and Sandhya Gupta. "Comparative study of unilateral subcutaneous internal anal sphincterotomy and 02% diltiazem local application in acute fissure in ano: a study of 40 patients over 01 year." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20210362.

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Background: Two most demoralizing things in life are physical pain and bad body odour. A counted few body pains are as terrible, as oppressive and as tormenting, almost on daily basis as the pain of fresh acute fissure in ano. It pins your whole being, your awareness of life and focus of living on to your painful anus. Anal fissures are commonly encountered in routine colorectal practice. Fissure has traditionally been treated surgically. Developments in the pharmacological understanding of the internal anal sphincter have resulted in more conservative approaches towards treatment.Methods: 40 patients with acute fissure in ano were divided into 02% diltiazem gel and unilateral subcutaneous internal anal sphincterotomy (USIAS) groups. Patients in the two groups were followed up subsequently.Results: Anal fissures were found completely healed in 14 (70%) out of 20 patients treated with 02% diltiazem gel between 4-8 weeks. Healing was 100% with “USIAS” group. The mean healing duration of fissure was 04.45 weeks in diltiazem gel group and 03.45 weeks in “USIAS” group. 65% patients were free from pain after treatment with diltiazem gel whereas 95% patients were free from pain after treatment with “USIAS”.Conclusions: This prospective study, demonstrates that “USIAS” is superior to pharmacological treatment of anal fissure with good symptomatic relief, high rate of healing with very low rate of complication. Patients who are not willing to undergo surgery may be managed by 02% diltiazem as pharmacological line of management for fissure in ano.

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Bhattacharyya, Nandini, Doyel Dasgupta, and Subho Roy. "Concomitants of Gynaecological Problem: A Study on Young Married Women of Rural West Bengal." Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India 69, no. 1 (June 2020): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277436x20927252.

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Gynaecological problem makes up a sizable proportion of disease burden in women. Majority of these problems remain unaddressed as cultural and gender norms make women silent to report these problems. Undiagnosed and untreated gynaecological problems at young age may have physical and psychological consequences in later life. This article aims to understand the prevalence of gynaecological problems and its concomitants among young married women of rural West Bengal. We collected data on 1,107 young married women, aged 24 years or below, inhabiting the rural areas of three districts of West Bengal with at least one child of five years or below. A pretested structured schedule was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables and symptoms related to gynaecological problems and their management. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to get an in-depth understanding of the participants towards gynaecological problems and management. Around 41 per cent of women reported at least one of the gynaecological problems. Excessive vaginal discharge with bad odour, pain or burning sensation while passing urine, itching at vagina, lower abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities and painful menstruation were the most reported problems. Only 22 per cent of participants sought medical advice. FGDs reveal that there is a variation among the participants regarding the perception and awareness of gynaecological problems. Sexual activity, early marriage and menstrual hygiene were perceived to be the causes of gynaecological problems. The local healers were consulted at the initial stage of the problem; qualified medical practitioners were consulted when the problem persisted. We conclude from this study that socio-cultural factors remain the primary reason behind the high prevalence of gynaecological problem among the study participants.

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Beaulieu-Lefebvre, Mathilde, Fabien C. Schneider, Ron Kupers, and Maurice Ptito. "Odor perception and odor awareness in congenital blindness." Brain Research Bulletin 84, no. 3 (February 2011): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.12.014.

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Sheela, Wills G., P. Vijayalakshmi, Mohanambal, and Deepa Dharishini. "Detection of protozoal Trichomonas vaginalis and abnormal vaginal flora in high vaginal smear." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170382.

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Background: Vagina is the fibro muscular membrane sheath communicating with the uterine cavity and to the exterior at the vulva. Infection of female genital tract results from vaginal flora, extraneous agents and sexually transmitted diseases. The objective of the study was: a) high vaginal smear screening to find out incidence of abnormal vaginal flora of micro-organisms, b) prevalence of protozoal Trichomonas vaginalis.Methods: Rural women from in and around Ammapettai in the age group of 20-50 years attending Gynaecology OPD of SSSMC&RI for vaginal discharge and itching vulva. Exclusion criteria were age less than 20 and above 50 and pruritis vulva due to other causes the study size comprised of 50 women. After getting Institutional ethical committee’s approval and written informed consent from the patients, detailed history regarding type of discharge, odour, itching, and associated bleeding was taken. Per speculum and per vaginal examination done. High vaginal smear for aerobic bacterial profile and Trichomonas infection were taken and transported to microbiology laboratory for staining and culture. Wet mount microscopic examination of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candidiasis with saline and KOH mount done.Results: Out of 100 smears 9 were normal vaginal flora organisms, aerobic pathogens 43%, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) 30%, and Candida albicans 5% mixed infections on 7 smears. E. coli was seen in 23 samples, Klebsiella in 14, Pseudomonas aeroginosa 4, Staphylococcus in 6 samples. Gram negative organisms were 100% sensitive to imipenem, amikacin and gentamycin and 100% resistant to cefazolin, 80% to ceftazidime, 74% to cefotaxime. Gram positive staphylococcus 50% were resistant to gentamycin, ampicillin.Conclusions: This study reflects on our responsibility to create awareness among women regarding abnormal vaginal discharge through proper health education routine screening targeted treatment to envisage healthy quality life.

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Gupta, Sandeep, and A. K. Chopra. "Evaluation of ground water quality near Chandi Devi bridge solid waste dumping site at Hairdwar city, (Uttarakhand), India : A case study." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1767.

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The present study observed groundwater quality around Chandi Devi bridge open dumping site at Hardwar (Uttarakhand), India. Five experimental sites viz. sites 2,3 and 5 (hand pumps) and two sites 4,6 (tubewells) within the vicinity of the dumpsite and a reference site viz. site 1 (hand pump) (Bilkeshwar temple) as a control about 5000 meter away, were selected to ascertain the influence of solid waste dumping on groundwater quality around the area. The study showed that physicochemical parameters viz temperature, colour, turbidity, pH, hardness, BOD, COD, fluoride and heavy metals ( lead and iron) of the ground water near the dumping sites-2,3,4,5,6 were higher than their counterpart parameters of the ground water at control site. However, arsenic was not detected in any sample of all the sites. The parameters viz., colour (2.08-3.49 hazen), turbidity (3.05-5.35 NTU), odour (agreeable), pH (7.46-7.80),fluoride (0.10-0.38 ppm), lead (0.00-0.032 ppm), iron (0.01-0.03 ppm) of ground water of all experimental sites were within permissible limits while the parameters BOD (3.73-3.21 ppm), hardness (240.41-203.15 ppm) at site-2, site-3 and DO (5.38-6.28 ppm) of all experimental sites were not found within permissible limits as prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards (2012). Although water was safe for drinking which may be due to higher infiltration rate of river Ganga and Eastern Ganga Canal water but higher value of temperature (oC), colour (hazen), turbidity (ppm), hardness (ppm), BOD (ppm), COD (ppm) fluoride (ppm), iron (ppm) and lead (ppm) at site- 2 was quite alarming. The study would help in making public awareness for waste sorting, adopting green technology and to predict level of contaminants in ground water produced by land filling dumping site.

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Smeets, Monique A. M., Hendrik N. J. Schifferstein, Sarai R. Boelema, and Gerty Lensvelt-Mulders. "The Odor Awareness Scale: A New Scale for Measuring Positive and Negative Odor Awareness." Chemical Senses 33, no. 8 (July 11, 2008): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjn038.

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Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Agata Groyecka, Maciej Karwowski, Tomasz Frackowiak, Jennifer E. Lansford, Khodabakhsh Ahmadi, Ahmad M. Alghraibeh, et al. "Global Study of Social Odor Awareness." Chemical Senses 43, no. 7 (June 27, 2018): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjy038.

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Silva, Fábio, Nuno Gomes, Sebastian Korb, and Gün R. Semin. "Not All Emotions Are Equal: Fear Chemosignals Lower Awareness Thresholds Only for Fearful Faces." Chemical Senses 45, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa047.

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Abstract Exposure to body odors (chemosignals) collected under different emotional states (i.e., emotional chemosignals) can modulate our visual system, biasing visual perception. Recent research has suggested that exposure to fear body odors, results in a generalized faster access to visual awareness of different emotional facial expressions (i.e., fear, happy, and neutral). In the present study, we aimed at replicating and extending these findings by exploring if these effects are limited to fear odor, by introducing a second negative body odor—that is, disgust. We compared the time that 3 different emotional facial expressions (i.e., fear, disgust, and neutral) took to reach visual awareness, during a breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm, across 3 body odor conditions (i.e., fear, disgust, and neutral). We found that fear body odors do not trigger an overall faster access to visual awareness, but instead sped-up access to awareness specifically for facial expressions of fear. Disgust odor, on the other hand, had no effects on awareness thresholds of facial expressions. These findings contrast with prior results, suggesting that the potential of fear body odors to induce visual processing adjustments is specific to fear cues. Furthermore, our results support a unique ability of fear body odors in inducing such visual processing changes, compared with other negative emotional chemosignals (i.e., disgust). These conclusions raise interesting questions as to how fear odor might interact with the visual processing stream, whilst simultaneously giving rise to future avenues of research.

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Qiu, Jian Hui, and Jing Ling Bao. "Research on the Method of Odor Pollution Classification." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2179.

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In recent years, the numbers of odor pollution sources and odor pollution events are increasing rapidly, along with the high growth of life quality and the growing of people's environmental awareness. Odor pollution has been one of the hottest and most difficult problems that the environmental management department is facing. Evaluating and classifying the odor pollution is important basis for analyzing the odor pollution. This article has discussed the classification of odor pollution preliminary.

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Ogunlade, Isreal, Muyiwa Olarinde Oduwaiye, Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho, and Sola Emmanuel Komolafe. "Constraints Faced by Commercial Poultry Farmers in Waste Management Practices in Kogi and Kwara States, Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ats-2017-0018.

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AbstractThis study assessed the constraints faced by commercial poultry farmers in waste management practices in Kogi and Kwara States, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from randomly selected 138 and 125 registered commercial poultry farmers from both states, giving a total sample size of 263 for the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data for the study. Results of analysis showed that mean age was 46.7 years, farm size was 991 birds and poultry farming experience was 11 years. Also, majority were male (82.0 %), married (88.8 %), had tertiary education (94.0 %). Mean age of farm was 9 years. Poultry dropping was the most (mean = 2.36) generated waste in the study area. The most prevalent waste management methods used by poultry farmers were open dumping around the farm (mean = 2.23), giving wastes free to the public as farmyard manure (mean = 2.16), poultry wastes are dumped in a nearby bush (mean = 2.09), dead birds are buried in a pit near the farm (mean = 2.08), dead birds are thrown into a nearby bush (mean = 2.01) and dead birds are burnt inside a pit or in a heap near the farm (mean = 2.01). The major constraints faced by farmers in waste management practices were lack of awareness on how to use the wastes productively (mean = 4.06), no agricultural land nearby where wastes can be used (mean = 3.69), excessive odour from waste (mean = 3.66), high cost of chemical treatment (mean = 3.56), high transportation cost (mean = 3.24) and high cost of private waste management agencies (mean = 3.01). Results of Multiple Regression Analysis show that poultry wastes used as farm yard manure, burnt and buried in a pit, sun-dried and burnt and given freely to interested farm workers had inverse significant relationship to constraints while dumping of poultry wastes around the farm, nearby bush and to animals such as dogs had positive significant relationship to constraints faced by respondents in waste management. The study concluded that the level of constraints faced by commercial poultry farmers in waste management practices was high (mean = 3.39) in the study area. The study recommends among others the needs for existing poultry farmers association to include programmes that will enlighten members on poultry waste management practices that will not have negative effect upon their birds and the environments.

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Izidoro, Catarina, João Botelho, Vanessa Machado, Luis Proença, Ricardo Alves, and José Mendes. "Halitosis Self-Perception and Awareness among Periodontal Patients—An Exploratory Study." Medical Sciences Forum 5, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/msf2021005009.

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Halitosis is an unpleasant breath odor that interferes with self-confidence and with people’s professional and social lives. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the self-perception and awareness of oral malodor among patients with periodontitis.

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Nováková, Lenka, Jaroslava Varella Valentova, and Jan Havlíček. "Engagement in Olfaction-Related Activities is Associated with the Ability of Odor Identification and Odor Awareness." Chemosensory Perception 7, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-014-9167-2.

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Martinec Nováková, Lenka, and Radka Vojtušová Mrzílková. "Children’s exposure to odors in everyday contexts predicts their odor awareness." Chemosensory Perception 9, no. 2 (April 6, 2016): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-016-9205-3.

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Owen, Caroline M., John Patterson, and Richard B. Silberstein. "Olfactory Modulation of Steady- State Visual Evoked Potential Topography in Comparison with Differences in Odor Sensitivity." Journal of Psychophysiology 16, no. 2 (January 2002): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.16.2.71.

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Summary Research was undertaken to determine whether olfactory stimulation can alter steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) topography. Odor-air and air-only stimuli were used to determine whether the SSVEP would be altered when odor was present. Comparisons were also made of the topographic activation associated with air and odor stimulation, with the view toward determining whether the revealed topographic activity would differentiate levels of olfactory sensitivity by clearly identifying supra- and subthreshold odor responses. Using a continuous respiration olfactometer (CRO) to precisely deliver an odor or air stimulus synchronously with the natural respiration, air or odor (n-butanol) was randomly delivered into the inspiratory airstream during the simultaneous recording of SSVEPs and subjective behavioral responses. Subjects were placed in groups based on subjective odor detection response: “yes” and “no” detection groups. In comparison to air, SSVEP topography revealed cortical changes in response to odor stimulation for both response groups, with topographic changes evident for those unable to perceive the odor, showing the presence of a subconscious physiological odor detection response. Differences in regional SSVEP topography were shown for those who reported smelling the odor compared with those who remained unaware of the odor. These changes revealed olfactory modulation of SSVEP topography related to odor awareness and sensitivity and therefore odor concentration relative to thresholds.

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Moreno-Terrazas, R., H. Reyes-Morales, S. Huerta-Ochoa, I. Guerrero-Legarreta, and E. J. Vernon-Carter. "Note. Consumer Awareness of the Main Sensory Attributes of Tepache, a Traditional Fermented Fruit Beverage." Food Science and Technology International 7, no. 5 (October 2001): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/buhf-kmgc-aq4m-3rxr.

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Four tepache samples (a traditional fermented fruit beverage) from four different sources obtained by different fermentation processes were sensory evaluated. A paired comparison test between the samples was carried out in a monadic sequential fashion in six sessions with 70 consumers each. A sample processed by double fermentation received the highest mean scores for the first impression and overall acceptance and in the sensory attributes of appearance, consistency, odor, flavor and sweetness/sourness ratio. Principal component analysis indicated that appearance, odor, flavor, first impression and overall acceptance are highly intercorrelated. That sample was also the most preferred beverage in the comparative test. Flavor intensity was significantly different in all of the paired comparisons. No significant differences were found in the overall acceptance evaluations between genders. A fairly good correlation was found between overall acceptance and consumers who drank the beverage once a week.

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Zucco, Gesualdo M., Konstantinos Priftis, and Richard J. Stevenson. "From blindsight to blindsmell: a mini review." Translational Neuroscience 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2015-0002.

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AbstractThis mini-review briefly documents the phenomenon of blindsight and investigates evidence for a comparable state in olfaction. Blindsight evokes an appropriate response to a visual stimulus without any conscious visual experience or awareness of that event. For olfaction, we describe many routine aspects of perception that may occur without conscious awareness, arguably paralleling key aspects of blindsight. We then describe the limited neuropsychological evidence suggesting that people can apparently respond appropriately to odours that they cannot subjectively smell – what we would term “blindsmell”.

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Demattè, M. Luisa, Isabella Endrizzi, Franco Biasioli, Maria Laura Corollaro, Massimiliano Zampini, and Flavia Gasperi. "Individual Variability in the Awareness of Odors: Demographic Parameters and Odor Identification Ability." Chemosensory Perception 4, no. 4 (October 11, 2011): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-011-9103-7.

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Ferdenzi, Camille, Sari Mustonen, Hely Tuorila, and Benoist Schaal. "Children’s Awareness and Uses of Odor Cues in Everyday Life: A Finland–France Comparison." Chemosensory Perception 1, no. 3 (July 9, 2008): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-008-9020-6.

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Romano, Federica, Stefano Perotto, Laura Bianco, Francesca Parducci, Giulia Maria Mariani, and Mario Aimetti. "Self-Perception of Periodontal Health and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082758.

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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors associated with self-awareness of periodontal health. Data were collected from a representative sample of 736 adults (25–75 years old) in a city of Northern Italy who self-assessed gingival bleeding, oral malodor, and tooth mobility in a questionnaire and who underwent clinical periodontal examination and organoleptic evaluation. Approximately 50% of the subjects were aware of their actual gingival health status and oral odor. The logistic regression analysis revealed that females presented higher odds of correctly perceiving their gingival conditions and mouth odor, while those who were older and smokers had a greater probability of being less objective in reporting them. Tooth type and position in the dental arches were positively associated with self-perception of tooth mobility. These findings reflected a low level of self-awareness that may influence oral care-seeking behavior. Subjects may be unconcerned about their periodontal health condition or lack enough knowledge to be aware of it. This points to the need for planning strategies to improve education and knowledge about periodontal health, which, by enhancing self-perception of periodontal symptoms, could help everyone to seek treatment in the initial stage of the disease.

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Martinec Nováková, Lenka, Jitka Fialová, and Jan Havlíček. "Development of Children’s Olfactory Abilities and Odor Awareness Is Not Predicted by Temperament: a Longitudinal Study." Chemosensory Perception 11, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-017-9240-8.

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Steingass, Benjamin. "Othello-dor: Racialized Odor In and On Othello." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 22, no. 37 (December 30, 2020): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.22.03.

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For Shakespearean scholars, the subject of scent in his work has remained relatively lukewarm to discussion. Shakespeare’s use of smell is not only equal to that of his other senses, but smell’s uniquely historical record both on and off the stage illuminate his works in more ways than currently perceived. Shakespeare’s usage of smell is found throughout his works, and their importance on the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean stage present a playwright-director that was exceptionally in-tune with his audiences on the page and in person. Positioned at this culturally significant point in Shakespeare’s career, one work’s utilization of scent textually and theatrically fully explicates the importance of odor in a societal, racial, and domestic capacity: Othello. This article explores and establishes the importance of smell in relation to textual Othello, his “dyed in mummy” handkerchief, and Desdemona in the written tragedy. Additionally, it studies the heighted focus of smell in Othello on a metatheatric level for Shakespeare on his early modern stage, calling attention to the myriad of odors contained in and around his Renaissance theatre and the result effect this awareness would have had on his contemporary audiences in their experience of Othello as a uniquely smell-oriented show.

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Ferdenzi, Camille, Gérard Coureaud, Valérie Camos, and Benoist Schaal. "Human awareness and uses of odor cues in everyday life: Results from a questionnaire study in children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 5 (September 2008): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408093661.

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The Children's Olfactory Behavior in Everyday Life questionnaire was developed to assess attention to, and uses of, odors in real-life situations, and to evaluate individual variations. The tool comprises 16 items prompting self-reports of active seeking, awareness and affective reactivity to odors of food, people and the environment. Children (102 girls, 113 boys) aged 6–10 years participated in the study. The results revealed that girls were significantly more olfaction-oriented than boys, especially towards the odors of people, self and the environment. An increasing ability of children to describe the odor facets of their perceptual world was found between 6 and 10 years, partly due to ameliorating verbal skills. Finally, owning an “attachment object” was linked to olfactory reactivity to odors, especially in social and affective contexts. Overall, this research contributes to expand our understanding of the behavioral importance of odors in children and its individual variations, and it brings additional arguments against the prevalent concept of functional microsmaty applied to the human species.

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Olsson, Mats J., Erika B. Lundgren, Sandra C. Soares, and Mikael Johansson. "Odor Memory Performance and Memory Awareness: A Comparison to Word Memory Across Orienting Tasks and Retention Intervals." Chemosensory Perception 2, no. 3 (August 11, 2009): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-009-9051-7.

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Gennari, Giulio, and Antonio Mazzucco. "Odor Masking, Stability and Sensoriality: Researching Background agents in Complex Systems for Infinite Solutions." International Journal of Chemistry and Research 2, no. 1 (September 7, 2020): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18689/ijcr-1000108.

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Consumers are increasingly aware and threatened by skin-related concerns. They face an increasingly hectic lifestyle and harsh environmental conditions, so they pay more attention to their state of health and increase their level of awareness. The available literature is full of examples using cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals that demonstrate multiple beneficial activities. However, this trend creates obstacles in the formulation due to the need to manage the organoleptic properties of the finished products, for example the emission of “unpleasant” odours. The emission of unpleasant odours inevitably tends to directly or indirectly compromise the entire formulation and its “sensory pleasantness”. In fact, it is of fundamental importance to take into account that cosmetics, unlike drugs, are not intended to cure, but are characterized by a complex interaction between psyche, skin and product. The analysis of the social context and the context of use of the product is growing strongly to ensure the growth of this sector. Cosmetic products are designed to offer pleasant sensory experiences and meet different human needs. In cosmetics the sensory experience is given through the cosmetic “vehicle” transmitting a unique sensation to the skin thanks to its ingredients.

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Sarker, BC, SK Sarker, MS Islam, MS Islam, and S. Sharmin. "Public Awareness about Disposal of Solid Waste and its Impact: A Study in Tangail Pourashava, Tangail." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (April 29, 2013): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14821.

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The investigation was conducted on public awareness about disposal of solid waste and its impact in Thanapara, Beparipara and Kagmari of Tangail Pourashava. Data collected through questionnaire interview from local residents, self-observation and secondary sources. The investigation was conducted among three major infected areas by selecting normal dustbin and open area during the different period from August to September 2011. In the study, total 100 respondents are interviewed and the result shows that waste are dumped here three times a day. Most of the respondents demand for wrong site selection and improper maintenance causing bad odor, diarrheea, skin diseases, aesthetic problem etc. It was also found that the main sources of waste materials generation were the urban dwellers and most of the waste is dumped by metropolis. Some local people also dump their waste in the area. The study shows that the service holders, student respondents have better idea about the effects of dumping solid wastes at open sights than the other respondents.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14821 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 239-244 2012

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Lodhi, Shafi. "173 It Smells Fishy: A Case Report and Discussion of Olfactory Reference Syndrome." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000899.

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Abstract:Background: Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the belief that one is emitting a foul body odor. The earliest cases of this disorder were often labeled as variants of schizophrenia. There remains significant controversy over whether this condition represents a manifestation of other psychiatric conditions or if it is a unique disorder in its own right. Through various revisions of the DSM, the disorder has been categorized at times as an atypical somatoform disorder (DSM-III), a delusional disorder (DSM-IV-TR), and an Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (DSM-5).Case History:We present the case of a 51 year old African American female who initially presented to an emergency room with chief complaint of vaginal odor. She stated that if the odor was not treated, she would commit suicide. Medical workup in the emergency room was unremarkable and no odor was detected. The patient was placed on a psychiatric hold and transferred to the Psychiatric Emergency Room. In the PES, the patient reported that she was afraid of eviction from her apartment due to the “horrible” smell that she was emitting. The patient had presented to multiple emergency departments over the preceding year complaining of vaginal odor. The patient persisted in her belief about this smell despite multiple medical providers informing her that they could detect no abnormal smell. Unconvinced, the patient went to great lengths to treat this odor. When normal showering did not cause the odor to cease, the patient began manually inserting pieces of deodorant into her vaginal canal. This was extracted at an outside hospital after the patient presented for treatment after developing an infection. After discharge, the patient began mixing a household cleaning product containing benzalkonium chloride with bleach and used this mixture for vaginal douching. When even this did not eliminate the perceived odor, she presented to our emergency room stating that if the odor was not treated, she would attempt suicide.Discussion:Although ORS has been described since the 1800’s, the first systematic description in the literature was a case series in 1971 by Pryse-Phillips. While ORS has been increasingly reported in the scientific literature, the DSM-5 does not consider it to be a unique clinical entity.Conclusion/Teaching Point:This case highlights the importance of clinicians being aware of clinical entities which exist outside the DSM-5. As shown in this case, ORS may lead to severe impairment and even suicidal ideation Despite this, there is a scarcity of literature on evidence based treatments for ORS. It has typically been treated with either a moderate dose SSRI or a low dose antipsychotic, with or without CBT. Given the high level of distress and disability caused by the condition, greater awareness of its existence and greater research on its treatment is certainly warranted.

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Teeraphan, Papontee. "PROBLEMS CAUSED BY SMALL PIG FARM ODOR AROUND THE WESTERN SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN." University Of Bengkulu Law Journal 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.2.1.1-13.

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Pollution is currently a significant issue arising awareness throughout the world. In Thailand, pollution can often be seen in any part of the country. Air pollution is pointed as an urgent problem. This pollution has not damaged only to human health and lives, it has destroyed environment, and possibly leading to violence. In Phattalung, air pollution is affecting to the residents’ lives. Especially, when the residents who are mostly agriculturists have not managed the waste resulted from the farm. In Phattalung, at the moment, there are many pig farms, big and small. Some of them are only for consuming for a family, some, however, are being consumed for the business which pigs will be later purchased by big business companies. Therefore, concerning pollution, the researcher and the fund giver were keen to focus on the points of the air pollution of the small pig farms. This is because it has been said that those farms have not been aware on the pollution issue caused by the farms. Farm odor is very interesting which can probably lead to following problems. The researcher also hopes that this research can be used as a source of information by the government offices in order to be made even as a policy or a proper legal measurement. As the results, the study shows that, first, more than half of the samples had smelled the farm odor located nearby their communities, though it had not caused many offenses. Second, the majority had decided not to act or response in order to solve the odor problem, but some of them had informed the officers. The proper solutions in reducing offenses caused by pig farm odor were negotiation and mediation. Last, the majority does not perceive about the process under the Public Health Act B.E. 2535.

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Teeraphan, Papontee. "PROBLEMS CAUSED BY SMALL PIG FARM ODOR AROUND THE WESTERN SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN." University Of Bengkulu Law Journal 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.v2i1.8008.

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Pollution is currently a significant issue arising awareness throughout the world. In Thailand, pollution can often be seen in any part of the country. Air pollution is pointed as an urgent problem. This pollution has not damaged only to human health and lives, it has destroyed environment, and possibly leading to violence. In Phattalung, air pollution is affecting to the residents’ lives. Especially, when the residents who are mostly agriculturists have not managed the waste resulted from the farm. In Phattalung, at the moment, there are many pig farms, big and small. Some of them are only for consuming for a family, some, however, are being consumed for the business which pigs will be later purchased by big business companies. Therefore, concerning pollution, the researcher and the fund giver were keen to focus on the points of the air pollution of the small pig farms. This is because it has been said that those farms have not been aware on the pollution issue caused by the farms. Farm odor is very interesting which can probably lead to following problems. The researcher also hopes that this research can be used as a source of information by the government offices in order to be made even as a policy or a proper legal measurement. As the results, the study shows that, first, more than half of the samples had smelled the farm odor located nearby their communities, though it had not caused many offenses. Second, the majority had decided not to act or response in order to solve the odor problem, but some of them had informed the officers. The proper solutions in reducing offenses caused by pig farm odor were negotiation and mediation. Last, the majority does not perceive about the process under the Public Health Act B.E. 2535.

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Schwartz, Gary E., Iris R. Bell, Ziya V. Dikman, Mercedes Fernandez, John P. Kline, Julie M. Peterson, and Kenneth P. Wright. "EEG Responses to Low-Level Chemicals in Normals and Cacosmics." Toxicology and Industrial Health 10, no. 4-5 (July 1994): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379401000533.

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Recent studies from the University of Arizona indicate that normal subjects, both college students and the elderly, can register the presence of low-intensity odors in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in the absence of conscious awareness of the odors. The experimental paradigm involves subjects sniffing pairs of bottles, one containing an odorant (e.g. isoamyl acetate) dissolved in an odorless solvent (water or liquid silicone), the other containing just the solvent, while 19 channels of EEG are continuously recorded. For the low-intensity odor conditions, concentrations are adjusted downward (decreased) until subjects correctly identify the odor bottle at chance (50). The order of odorants, concentrations, and hand holding the control bottle, are counterbalanced within and across subjects. Three previous experiments found that alpha activity (8-12 hz) decreased in midline and posterior regions when subjects sniffed the low-intensity odors. The most recent study suggests that decreased theta activity (4-8 hz) may reflect sensory registration and decreased alpha activity may reflect perceptual registration. In a just completed experiment involving college students who were selected based on combinations of high and low scores on a scale measuring cacosmia (chemical odor intolerance) and high and low scores on a scale measuring depression, cacosmic subjects (independent of depression) showed greater decreases in low-frequency alpha (8-10 hz) and greater increases in low-frequency beta (12-16 hz) to the solvent propylene glycol compared to an empty bottle. Topographic EEG mapping to low-intensity odorants may provide a useful tool for investigating possible increased sensitivity to specific chemicals in chemically sensitive individuals.

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Simmons, Julie. "The Why, What and Wherefore of Antimicrobial Systems." Polymers and Polymer Composites 11, no. 2 (February 2003): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110301100205.

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Increasing consumer awareness of the risks posed by bacteria, together with evidence that bacteria can survive and multiply on many surfaces has led to growing interest in the use of antimicrobial systems in a wide range of products including plastic items. Antimicrobial systems can be added to a wide range of plastics, inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms on the surface and thus helping to reduce odours, unsightly growth and the risk of cross contamination. The aim of this presentation is to provide an overview of antimicrobial systems and their use in plastics. The types of systems available are discussed, together with the methods used to assess antimicrobial efficacy. A variety of actual results, from different applications and polymers, are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the systems and the type of information gained from antimicrobial test methods. Finally the current and future potential of antimicrobial systems is discussed.

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Marques, Antonio Dean Barbosa, Rosendo Freitas de Amorim, Fátima Luna Pinheiro Landim, Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira, July Grassiely de Oliveira Branco, Preciliana Barreto de Morais, and Zélia Maria de Sousa Araújo Santos. "Body consciousness of people with intestinal stomach: A phenomenological study." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 2 (April 2018): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0666.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the bodily awareness of people with stomies. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out in the Ostomized Association of the State of Ceará, through semi-structured interviews with ten people with intestinal stomies, according to Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological thinking. Results: two categories of analysis emerged: The body that I have, in which the sensations of deficiency, imperfection and bad odor add to the feeling of strangeness towards one's own body, affecting the way of being in the world of each deponent; and The body that others perceive, in which the stoma is seen as an embarrassing and complex experience, since it hampers daily activities and conviviality with other people. Final considerations: The corporeal consciousness of Being-Stomp-in-the-world requires the movement to reconstruct the senses of the body from the body I have and from that which others perceive.

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Pantelic, Milana, Vladimir Stojanovic, Dragan Dolinaj, Stevan Savic, Dragoslav Pavic, and Dragan Milosevic. "Local residents' attitudes regarding ecological condition and pollution effects on human health and environment - case study of Veliki backi Canal, Vojvodina, Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 97, no. 2 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1702001p.

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Due to excessive pollution, Veliki backi Canal (VBC) was turned into an open collection system for wastewater from food industry, farms and settlements. This lead to classification of the canal as a pollution "black spot" in Danube basin. As there is high percentage of residents living alongside the canal, VBC could represent potential health risk. In order to conduct an environmental assessment of the region, local residents' attitudes are being investigated through questionnaire in ten settlements (500 respondents). The results are indicating that local residents perceive the canal as extremely polluted, mainly due to industry and its by-products. Respondents claim that current state of the canal could have harmful effects to their health, as there are frequent reports of oil spills, dead fish and odor. Extremely negative attitude is reported among the residents of Vrbas, where the most is polluted section of the canal. Questionnaire reveals that most of the respondents are willing to participate in actions of cleaning VBC, which indicates high environmental awareness.

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Baheti, Neeraj, Dinesh Kabra, Nitin Chandak, and Pravin Lad. "Afebrile seizure in toddlers – Don't forget camphor." International Journal of Epilepsy 01, no. 02 (December 2014): 090–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijep.2014.07.002.

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AbstractIn country like India camphor is ubiquitous in every household and is easily available across all grocery stores. Camphor is easily accessible to kids and children and can be missed for sugar cubes. We report two children who had afebrile seizures following camphor ingestion. Both the toddlers had afebrile seizure and presented in postictal state. In the first case the child had vomiting in hospital which had camphoraceous odor. Interrogation in both case revealed consumption of camphor few minutes prior to the seizure. Both the kids improved with supportive care. Camphor fits in community go largely unrecognized and parents don't inform about potential camphor ingestion and these children are subjected to unnecessary evaluation and antiepileptic drug exposure. One should create awareness about camphor induced seizures and potential toxic effects of camphor and it should be kept away from reach of children. Parents should be discouraged from topical application of camphor containing indigenous medications in neonates and toddlers.

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Baskin-Graves, Leah, Haley Mullen, Aaron Aber, Jair Sinisterra, Kamran Ayub, Roxana Amaya-Fuentes, and Sacoby Wilson. "Rapid Health Impact Assessment of a Proposed Poultry Processing Plant in Millsboro, Delaware." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 3429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183429.

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In 2013, Allen Harim Foods purchased the former site of a Vlasic Pickle plant in Millsboro, Delaware, and proposed to convert the site into a poultry processing plant that would process approximately two million birds weekly. This generated concerns about the proposed plant’s potential to impact health and quality of life among residents. We conducted a rapid health impact assessment (HIA) of the proposed plant to assess baseline environmental health issues in the host community and projected impacts. The scoping and baseline assessment revealed social, economic, and health disparities in the region. We also determined that residents in the area were already underserved and overburdened with pollution from multiple environmental hazards near the proposed plant including two sites contaminated with hazardous wastes, a power plant, and another poultry processing plant. The projected size and amount of poultry to be processed at the plant would likely cause increased levels of air, soil and water pollution, additional odor issues, and increased traffic and related pollution and safety issues. The information generated from the HIA formed the basis of a campaign to raise awareness about potential problems associated with the new facility and to foster more engagement of impacted residents in local decision-making about the proposed plant. In the end, the HIA helped concerned residents oppose the new poultry processing plant. This case study provides an example of how HIAs can be used as a tool to educate residents, raise awareness about environmental justice issues, and enhance meaningful engagement in local environmental decision-making processes.

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Steinberg, Christian, Christian Dobel, Harald T. Schupp, Johanna Kissler, Ludger Elling, Christo Pantev, and Markus Junghöfer. "Rapid and Highly Resolving: Affective Evaluation of Olfactorily Conditioned Faces." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 1 (January 2012): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00067.

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Evidence from hemodynamic and electrophysiological measures suggests that the processing of emotionally relevant information occurs in a spatially and temporally distributed affective network. ERP studies of emotional stimulus processing frequently report differential responses to emotional stimuli starting around 120 msec. However, the involvement of structures that seem to become activated at earlier latencies (i.e., amygdala and OFC) would allow for more rapid modulations, even in distant cortical areas. Consistent with this notion, recent ERP studies investigating associative learning have provided evidence for rapid modulations in sensory areas earlier than 120 msec, but these studies either used simple and/or very few stimuli. The present study used high-density whole-head magneto-encephalography to measure brain responses to a multitude of neutral facial stimuli, which were associated with an aversive or neutral odor. Significant emotional modulations were observed at intervals of 50–80 and 130–190 msec in frontal and occipito-temporal regions, respectively. In the absence of contingency awareness and with only two learning instances, a remarkable capacity for emotional learning is observed.

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Freitas, D., P. Ferreira, and N. Fernandes. "Olfactory reference syndrome - A case report." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73423-x.

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IntroductionOlfactory reference syndrome (ORS), first described by Pryse-Phillips in 1971, is a rare psychiatric condition whose defining characteristic is a preoccupation with the belief that one emits a foul or offensive body odor, which is not perceived by others. Although the existence of ORS is now widely accepted, current classifications do not explicitly mention ORS as an independent category, but consider it as a delusional disorder, somatic type. Nonetheless, given this syndrome's consistent description along time and cultures, and the associated substancial distress and disability, many authors debate the possibility of a new classification in order to establish its nosological status.Objectives/aimsThe aim of this paper is to show and discuss some troublesome and complex issues of diagnosis and management of patients with ORS.MethodsHerein we report a case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with ORS.Results/conclusionsImprovement in ORS can take place, in some extent, with a variety of different modalities of treatment, with the disorder responding to antidepressants and psychotherapy more frequently than to neuroleptics. Data on ORS are still limited and more research in this field is needed. Awareness of this particular diagnosis allows appropriate treatment to be administered.

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Fitria, Ceri, and Faza Amalia. "Society Perception Toward Flood Prevention in Sentosa Klang Park Selangor Malaysia." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v2i2.164.

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The purpose of this research was to analyze public perceptions of flood prevention, the effects of floods, and the factors that caused flooding in Sentosa Klang park Selangor Malaysia. This type of research is descriptive qualitative using literature review technique, observation, interview, and documentation studies in data collection. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data obtained from Malaysian literature review. Primary data is collected by conducting interview with informants and making observation or open observation related to people's perception of flood prevention that occurred in Sentosa Klang park, Selangor Malaysia. Search via the internet is related to flood information, as well as document that have been published by relevant agencies. The results of the research found by the authors indicate that the Malaysian Government has adopted a policy for flood prevention but has not gone well. Factors of flooding in Sentosa Klang park, Selangor Malaysia due to changes in land use, lack of water catchment area, small and clogged drainage channel, lack of public awareness of the surrounding environment, and lower topography. The impact that is often felt by the post-flood population is skin disease, dengue fever, odor, and material losses.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Odour awareness'

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