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Silva, Débora Heloisa da. "O impulso utópico em The Wanting Seed." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4727.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-18<br>This dissertation seeks to analyze the dystopic novel The Wanting Seed (1962), by the English writer Anthony Burgess with the objective of identifying in which way both structure and the development of the work points to, at an aesthetic level, the global feeling of utopia, which Fredric Jameson (2007) calls utopic desire or utopic impulse, which is present in daily life, in politics, in social movements and revolutions. Through the political reading, this research tries to show that, far beyond a novel about a degenerated future by overpopulation, this book presents, in its formal contradictions, much from the social, political and economic global movement of which it is part.<br>Esta dissertação procura analisar o romance distópico The Wanting Seed (1962), do inglês Anthony Burgess com o objetivo de identificar de que maneira a estrutura e o desenvolvimento da obra aponta, em nível estético, o sentimento global de utopia, o que Fredric Jameson (2007) chama de desejo utópico ou impulso utópico, que está presente na vida cotidiana, na política, em movimentos sociais e revoluções. Por meio da leitura política, este trabalho procura mostrar que, muito além de um romance sobre um futuro degradado pela superpopulação, essa obra apresenta, em suas contradições formais, muito do movimento social, político e econômico global do qual é parte.
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Rupeka, Laura M. "Like Eve, Wanting Beets Instead of Apples." Connect to online version at OhioLINK ETD Connect to online version at Digital.Maag, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/4793.
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Demeo, Elizabeth. "Accidental necessity." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/demeoe/elizabethdemeo.pdf.
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Street, Monroe. "Wanting It Told: Narrative Desire in Cather and Faulkner." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/528.
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This thesis explores the role played by narrative desire within two modernist experimentations with novel form: Willa Cather's 1918 novel My Antonia and William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! (1936). In it, I argue that Cather and Faulkner utilize framing narratives in order to present the main plot of each novel as a product of multiple narrators' desire for a story to emerge. In My Antonia, it is the expressed wish of Jim Burden's nameless writer friend that compels him to finish writing his account of Antonia, which constitutes the main plot of the novel. Meanwhile, in Absalom, Absalom! it is Quentin's perception that Rosa "wants it told" which inspires him to investigate and reconstruct her ex-fiancee Thomas Sutpen's life story with the help of two other character-narrators: his father and college roommate Shreve.
Calling on narrative theory and psychoanalysis, I argue that Cather's and Faulkner's novels depict characters' desire for both storytelling and each other to be enigmatic and intersubjective. Indeed the impulse to generate narrative on the part of the tellers in both texts--notably Jim and Quentin--is seen to arise out of a partial, but not entirely clear, sense that another wants them to do so. In other words, the narrative desire conveyed by the nameless writer and Rosa appears to have no clear object. While it is understood by Jim and Quentin that a story is desired of them, the full extent of what this story might come to be about is never fully explicated by their interlocutors.
Theoretically, the intervention this project wagers by way of Cather and Faulkner is a rethinking of two influential attempts to bring together narrative theory and psychoanalysis: Peter Brooks' Reading for the Plot (1984) and Judith Roof's Come As You Are (1996). While the claims regarding narrative advanced by both Brooks and Roof rely primarily on Freud's work (notably his theories of the death drive and of sexual development), I attempt to demonstrate how Lacan's thinking allows us to understand narrative as issuing from a desire that is at once intersubjective and objectless--as appears to be the case in My Antonia and Absalom, Absalom!. Lacan's dynamic conceptualization of desire, I suggest, is not only essential to understanding these two works; it is also very much implicit within the interplay of desire and narrative form they establish.
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Sabbarton-Leary, Nigel. "Naming without necessity." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1151/.
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In this thesis I argue that we should break with the dominant Kripkean tradition concerning natural kind terms and theoretical identity. I claim that there is just no interesting connection between the metaphysics and semantics of natural kind terms, and demonstrate this by constructing a version of descriptivism that is combined with the same metaphysics – that is, a nontrivial version of essentialism – found in Kripke, but which effectively avoids all of the standard criticisms. With my version of descriptivism in place, I present what I take to be the most reasonable version of metaphysical essentialism, positing only what I call 'thin' essences. I claim that thin essences are perfectly adequate to underpin scientific realism, and moreover that they are sufficient to support the version of descriptivism developed here. In effect, what I offer here is an error theory of the Kripkean tradition: Kripke is right to think that there are interesting things to say about meaning and essence, but just wrong about what those things are. Thus whilst Kripke thinks that it is possible to make discoveries about the meanings of natural kind terms, I think, rather, that we make empirical discoveries that lead to revisions in meaning. Furthermore, whilst Kripke thinks there is a dichotomy between de re and de dicto necessity, and that theoretical identities are necessary de re, I think this distinction is both misleading and inaccurate, and that the necessity of theoretical identities is neither entirely de re nor entirely de dicto. By separating and insulating questions concerning meaning from questions concerning essence I show that whilst scientific discoveries are contingent and a posteriori, the definition of scientific terms are both necessary and a priori.
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Grotvedt, Haze Tristan Jamison. "Necessity and Propositions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17213.
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Some propositions are not only true, but could not have been otherwise, no matter how things had turned out. Under what conditions do propositions have this property of being necessarily true? This thesis examines some existing answers to this question and develops a new answer: a proposition is necessary iff it is, or is implied by, a proposition which is both true and inherently counterfactually invariant. The notion of inherent counterfactual invariance is introduced especially for the purpose of giving this answer. In support of this answer, an approach to a cluster of key issues in the philosophy of language is suggested.
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Liu, Bin. "Conventionalism and Necessity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16603.
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I argue that conventionalism is a promising doctrine by defending it against the following four major objections. (1) Quine’s objection to truth by convention. (2) Quine’s objection regarding the definition of analytic, and regarding the distinction between the analytic and synthetic. (3) The objection from the necessary a posteriori. (4) The contingency problem. Some of the objections apply to analytic propositions, whereas some of them apply to necessary a posteriori propositions. I take Ayer’s doctrine as a typical version of Traditional Conventionalism. I develop my Revised Conventionalism about analytic propositions based on Ayer’s doctrine. The main revisions I argue for include that analytic propositions are a model constructed from our use of language, and that the necessity of analytic propositions can be given up. I take Sidelle’s doctrine as a typical version of Neo-Conventionalism. I develop my Revised Conventionalism about necessary a posteriori propositions based on Sidelle’s view. The main revision I argue for is that purportedly unrestricted necessary a posteriori propositions are only restrictedly necessary. I argue that my Revised Conventionalism can withstand the above four major objections. Conventionalism opens up a new line of thought for resolving philosophical problems. That is, conventionalism proposes explanations by virtue of our use of language, rather than by virtue of objective reality or by the nature of our thought. Given my defence of conventionalism, it follows that we can use the conventionalist line of thought to resolve a wide range of philosophical problems.
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Welch, Allison Pearl Snow. "Necessity and nostalgia." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1107.
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Why do we keep things? To remember.
Bedside tables are our modern-day altars, places where habit, respect, mystery, and love collide. Our physical materials wait while we travel through dreams, coaxing us back into activity come morning. Books and remote controls summon sleep, alarm clocks and written reminders startle the mind into a wakeful state. But not all objects are directly linked to sleeping or waking; some things simply exist to comfort us, reflecting our need to gather, collect, and nest.
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Lancaster, Philip Charles. "Reason, necessity and genocide." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9233.
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This work examines core assumptions of the rationalism that underlies liberal political theory by placing it against the background of a dramatic historical phenomenon---genocide. An attempt is made to draw on historical accounts of two genocides to develop a critique of liberal political theory as it has been articulated during the latter years of the 20th Century by John Rawls. Ultimately, this thesis attempts to sort out the conceptual problems arising at the junction point of normative and descriptive theories of politics and argues that the basic elements of both kinds theories would benefit greatly from closer attention to history. The first chapter is devoted to a discussion of the ways in which political reason can be adapted to the needs of state and suggests that there are problems associated with the attempt to universalize the notion of human rights across a community of nations lacking the basic contextual requirements for rights. Chapter two considers the uncomfortable fit between political structure and value in liberal political theory. It argues that the administrative structure of states now exists as an important part of contemporary formal reality and thus ought to be a critical element in any serious study of politics. An argument begins here that works towards the final conclusion that states constitute an arena within which individualist and collectivist values collide. The third chapter examines the relationship between liberal values and rationality. It includes a technical discussion of Max Weber's theory of rationality but limits the discussion to political applications. This chapter raises a series of questions about the concept of rationality used in the construction of political theory. Chapters four, five and six examine the complications that arise when a liberal perspective is taken to issues of ontological existence, community values and the powers inhering in states to shape identity frames in the interests of administrative efficiency. This leads into a more technical discussion of rationality as represented in the theories of John Rawls and Alan Gewirth that is contained in the seventh chapter. Chapters eight and nine are devoted to discussions of elements of the Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide respectively. Both examples are used as a means of illustrating the complex power relations arising out of the various forms of collective agency needed to sustain state sovereignty and which complicate political theory far beyond the explanatory power of liberal rationalism. The examples are used to argue that theories based on notions of disassociated rational persons just fail to support their normative conclusions. The final chapter argues for a re-examination of the way in which political theory is read and suggests that liberal theory, in particular, tends towards abstraction in ways that limit its usefulness as either explanatory or normative theory.
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Lancaster, Phil. "Reason, necessity and genocide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57050.pdf.
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Williams, S. G. "Meaning, validity and necessity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354816.
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Cassam, A.-Q. A. "Transcendental arguments and necessity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371605.
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Pollock, William J. "The epistemology of necessity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4053.
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The thesis examines the direct reference theory of proper names and natural kind terms as expounded by Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam and others and finds that it has not succeeded in replacing some kind of description theory of the reference of such terms - although it does concede that the traditional Fregean theory is not quite correct. It is argued that the direct reference theory is mistaken on several counts. First of all it is question-begging. Secondly, it is guilty of a 'use/mention' confusion. And thirdly, and most importantly, it fails to deal with the notion of understanding. The notion of understanding is crucial to the present thesis - specifically, what is understood by a proper name or natural kind term. It is concluded that sense (expressed in the form of descriptions) is at least necessary for reference, which makes a significant difference to Kripke's claim that there are necessary a posteriori truths as well as contingent a priori truths. It is also argued that sense could be sufficient for reference, if it is accepted that it is speakers who effect reference. In this sense, sense determines reference. The thesis therefore not only argues against the account of reference given by the direct reference theorists, it also gives an account of how proper names and natural kind terms actually do function in natural language. As far as the epistemology of necessity is concerned the thesis concludes that Kripke (along with many others) has not succeeded in establishing the existence of the necessary a posteriori nor the contingent a priori from the theory of direct reference. Whether such truths can be established by some other means, or in principle, is not the concern of the thesis; although the point is made that, if a certain view of sense is accepted, then questions of necessity and a priority seem inappropriate.
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Ahmed, A. "A study of necessity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595393.
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The concern of this thesis is the widely-held belief in the necessity, in the strongest sense, of certain statements and inferences, in particular those whose truth, or truth-preservation, is a matter of simple arithmetic or logic applied to experience. Concerning this belief, I ask; i) can it be justified? and ii) can it be explained? The answers will be i) No; ii) Yes. Chapter 1 attempts to clarify just what is involved in regarding a statement or rule of inference as necessary. It discusses and rejects a number of suggestions, including one of Quine's. It settles on an answer of Ian McFetridge's (1.4-5) considers arguments of Wright and Hale that the practice of refuting theories on the basis of observation imposes a methodological imperative to treat some statements or inferences as necessary. The chapter attempts to rebut these arguments and to defend a Quinean methodology that imposes no such need for necessity. It is conceded, though, that the arguments drive the Quinean into Dummettian anti-realism about doxastic modification. It is concluded that the answer to question i) is "No". Chapter 2 discusses the connection commonly held to obtain between these two distinctions: necessary/contingent and imaginable/unimaginable. It distinguishes a number of ways of understanding "imaginable" and in each case argues that our inability to imagine that ~p neither justifies nor explains our belief in the necessity of p. In particular, it analyses the notion of visualisation. An appendix applies the analysis of visualisation in defence of Berkeley's "Master Argument". Chapter 3 considers an argument that the necessity of truths of propositional logic can be derived from the truth-tabular definitions of the logical constants. It is argued that such a derivation rests on a misinterpretation of the truth-tables. An appendix applies this argument to a related discussion of Peacocke's.
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Al-Mutairi, M. Z. "Necessity in Islamic law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510056.
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This study aims at exploring thewidely applied principle of necessity ( darnrah ) in Islamic law. Its main focus is to examine the legal definition and limitations of necessity. It has been divided into five chapters, an introduction and a conclusion. In the first chapter, special attention has been given to the definition of necessity in Islamic classical and modern jurisprudence. Since the maxims of necessity are an essential element of this topic, these have been explored in the second chapter. The causes of the state of necessity are dealt with in the third chapter. In this regard, compulsion, legitimate defence, illness, change in circumstances have been discussed insofar as they related to necessity. To give an accurate idea of the limitation of this principle, the conditions of necessity are the main concern of the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter, the discussion is concerned with the relation between necessity and other Islamic legal concepts particularly those concepts which are regarded as sources of law. The link between public interest ( aslmah ah iursalah , blocking the means ( sadd al-dharä'i') , istihsdn and concession ( Iknh sah ), and necessityo n the other hand was found to be strong. The conclusion, finally, summarizes the discussion previously made and presents the findings of this study
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Recber, Mehmet Sait. "Necessity, logic and God." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/necessity-logic-and-god(feaf3ab1-95c5-4928-99c3-e374497494da).html.
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Tahko, Tuomas E. "The necessity of metaphysics." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2256/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that metaphysics is a necessary discipline - necessary in the sense that all areas of philosophy, all areas of science, and in fact any type of rational activity at all would be impossible without a metaphysical background or metaphysical presuppositions. Because of the extremely strong nature of this claim, it is not possible to put forward a very simple argument, although I will attempt to construct one. A crucial issue here is what metaphysics in fact is - the nature of metaphysics. The conception of metaphysics which I support could be called Aristotelian, as opposed to Kantian: metaphysics is the first philosophy and the basis of all other philosophical and scientific inquiry. I will argue that this is indeed the most plausible conception of metaphysics. The thesis consists of a brief historical introduction of certain important views concerning the nature of metaphysics, namely Aristotle's, Kant's, Camap's and Quine's, and of a longer survey of the status of metaphysics in the context of contemporary analytic metaphysics. I make some critical observations of recent accounts by people like Hilary Putnam, Michael Dummett, Frank Jackson and Eli Hirsch before launching into a thorough analysis of the relationship between metaphysics and other philosophical and scientific disciplines. The central argument of the thesis is that our a priori capabilities, which I claim to be grounded in metaphysical modality and ultimately in essences, are necessary for rational inquiry. Detailed accounts of a priori knowledge and modality will be offered in support of this claim. In fact, my accounts of the a priori and modality are perhaps the most important contributions of the thesis, as given this basis, the 'necessary' role of metaphysics in other disciplines should be quite obvious. I also pursue topics like the metaphysical status of logic and the law of non-contradiction as well as truthmaking, the substance of metaphysical debates, and the methodology of metaphysics. There is, however, a distinct theme which connects the broad range of topics that I discuss: they are all analysed from a metaphilosophical point of view. Indeed, it could be said that this is a metametaphysical survey of the status of metaphysics. The upshot is an original account of the status of metaphysics in contemporary analytic philosophy - the conclusion that metaphysics is the core of all our rational activities, from natural science to logic, semantics and truth.
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Lambley, Dorrian Elizabeth. "The necessity for tragedy." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282674.
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Taylor, Craig Duncan. "Sympathy, reason and necessity." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338469.
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Manton, Ryan. "Necessity in international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ee2dd8e-6eac-4364-b538-21ae5eb932a2.
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This thesis examines the role of necessity, as a defence to State responsibility, in international law. Necessity provides a State with a defence to the responsibility that would otherwise arise from its breach of an international obligation where the only way that State can safeguard an essential interest from a grave and imminent peril is to breach an obligation owed to a less imperilled State. It is a defence that has generated a considerable body of jurisprudence in recent years and yet it continues to be plagued by a perception that States have abused it in the past and by fears that States will abuse it in the future - 'necessity', declared the German Chancellor on the eve of World War I, 'knows no law'. This thesis contends that this perception is flawed and these fears are unfounded. The main claim of this thesis is that necessity operates as a safety valve within the law of State responsibility that mediates between the binding quality of international obligations and the harsh consequences that may follow from requiring compliance with those obligations at all costs. This safety valve promotes the reasonable application of international law and it recognises that international law must sometimes bend so that it does not break. The thesis bears out this claim by contending that necessity has a stronger pedigree than is commonly appreciated and that it is solidly grounded in, and its contours are constrained by, customary international law. It charts those contours by first examining the scope of the obligations to which necessity may provide a defence, which includes examining how necessity relates to fields of law that contain their own safety valves regulating emergency situations. It then proceeds to examine the conditions that a State must satisfy in order to establish necessity and it finally examines the consequences of necessity, including for the stability of international law. The thesis concludes that any suggestion that 'necessity knows no law' has no place in international law today.
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Allen, Emily. "The Necessity of Movement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699849/.
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This dissertation is a collection of poems preceded by a critical preface. The preface considers emotional immediacy—or the idea of enacting in readers an emotional drama that appears genuine and simultaneous with the speaker's experience—and furthermore argues against the common criticism that accessibility means simplicity, ultimately reifying the importance of accessibility in contemporary poetry. The preface is divided into an introduction and three sections, each of which explores a different technique for creating immediacy, exemplified by Robert Lowell’s "Waking in the Blue,” Sylvia Plath's "Lady Lazarus,” and Louise Gluck's "Eros." The first section examines "Waking in the Blue,” and the poem's systematic inflation and deflation of persona as a means of revealing complexity a ambiguity. The second section engages in a close reading of "Lady Lazarus,” arguing that the poem's initially deliberately false erodes into sincerity, creating immediacy. The third section considers the continued importance of persona beyond confessionalism, and argues that in "Eros," it is the apparent lack of drama, and the focus on the cognitive process, that facilitates emotional immediacy.
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Oxley, Vanessa, and n/a. "The impact of becoming or wanting to become smokefree for Maori." University of Otago. Te Tumu - School of Maori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.151701.
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Since the introduction of tobacco into New Zealand, smoking and smoking related illnesses have become more prevalent in the Maori population than New Zealand's general population. The aim of the present research was to investigate smoking from a Maori perspective. It was hoped this information would provide a better understanding of how Maori can become smokefree. The present research also investigated a number of possible benefits that could be obtained by Maori through becoming smokefree. These benefits were analysed through Mason Durie's Whare Tapa Wha model, a Maori holistic health model. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with four Maori people, two of whom were current smokers and two who were ex-smokers. Common themes emerged from these interviews including the social aspect of smoking for Maori and the influence of the enviroment on smoking behaviour. Suggestions were given to illustrate how the social aspect of smoking and the cycle that subsequently develops can be broken. Using the Whare Tapa Wha model and the personal accounts given, the benefits of breaking such a cycle were discussed. Lastly, the importance of nurturing smokefree environments, especially Maori environments, was outlined. The notion of being positive about becoming smokefree and the need to celebrate giving up smoking were highlighted throughout this research.
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Hobbs, Malcolm. "An investigation into the relationship between wanting and liking for alcohol." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408582.
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Barry, Peter Brian. "Wanting the bad and doing bad things an essay in moral psychology /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011322.
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Nistor, Starla. "Wanting to be heard, high school students' perspectives on relationships with teachers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/MQ45337.pdf.
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McConnell, Mairead H., and Mairead H. McConnell. "Wanting What is Already Gone: Functional Imaging Differentiating Reward Components in Bereavement." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625269.
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Complicated grief, or persistent complex bereavement disorder, is a condition that affects approximately 10% of bereaved individuals and is marked by intense longing and yearning for the deceased. Little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms contributing to this syndrome, but previous research suggests that reward pathways in the brain may play a role. The present study was designed with this theory in mind, aiming to understand reward processing in those experiencing complicated and non-complicated grief as well as to differentiate the "wanting" and "liking" phases of reward processing in bereavement. Twenty-five older adults were categorized based on grief severity into one of three groups: complicated grief (CG), non-complicated grief (NCG) and non-bereaved married controls (NB). Neural activation was examined using fMRI while participants viewed a countdown on the screen (anticipation) followed by a photo of their (living or deceased) spouse. There was no significantly differential activation between the three groups for the spouse v. stranger photo contrast, nor for anticipation period v. spouse photo. However, these two contrasts were also run separately in the three groups. Each group produced significant activation, in similar and distinct regions, primarily associated with emotion and visual processing. In addition, post-hoc analyses were conducted using self-reported yearning scores as a regressor across all bereaved participants, which revealed that greater symptoms of yearning predicted greater activation in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). This region of the brain has been previously linked to depression and suggests that symptoms of yearning may present an opportune place to intervene to improve outcomes in CG.
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Bostock, Simon J. "The necessity of natural laws." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392731.
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Sampognaro, Jenny, and Lindgren Sandra Grönvall. "The necessity of social meetingplaces." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26957.
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Abstract: Uppsatsen behov av sociala mötesplatser i Malmö är en kvantitativstudie med delvis öppna frågor vilket innebär att den har en kvalitativ ansatsockså. Uppsatsen handlar om sociala mötesplatsers betydelse för känslan avgemenskap och känslan av delaktighet i samhället. Men också om det finns envilja att engagera sig i en social verksamhet såsom en mötesplats. vi undersökervad dessa mötesplatser måste innehålla för att möta de behov som finns hosmänniskor, vidare vilka behov som finns. Detta undersöker vi genom att studeraolika faktorer som påverkar upplevelsen av gemenskap i det närområde man bor,varför man besöker mötesplatser och om man anser att de är nödvändiga och i såfall varför. Teorierna har hjälpt oss att förstå bakgrunden till ett merindividualiserat samhälle med minskad känsla av gemenskap, också möten övergenerationsgränser, som lett till ett ökat behov av social samvaro och därmedmötesplatser. Vi studerar vilka behov som finns utifrån att se på vilka olika behovsom finns beroende på livssituation och roller i livet samt hur dessa förändras. Detsom är gemensamt hos dem som varit med i undersökningen är att de har ettbehov av att umgås med andra oavsett livssituation eller livsstil. Många villengagera sig i sociala mötesplatser vilket visar att det finns en resurs i samhället,medborgarna. Det behövs ett samarbete mellan kommun och frivilligsektorn ochmedborgarna. Vi bör skapa tillsammans.<br>Abstract: The essay needs of social meetingplaces in Malmö is a quantitativestudy with some open questions which means that it has a qualitative approach aswell. The essay is about social meeting places importance for the sense ofcommunity and sense of participation in the community. But also about awillingness of engagement in social activities such as a meeting place. Weinvestigated what these meetingplaces must contain to meet the needs of thepeople, and also which further needs there are. We also investigated the needs bylooking at factors such as experience of sense of community in the neighborhoodone lives in, and if they are necessary and if so, why? The theories have helped usunderstand the background to a more individualized society with less sense ofcommunity, including meetings between generations, which has led to anincreased need for social interaction and therefore meetingplaces. We are studyingwhat the needs are from the basis of looking at the different needs depending onlife situations and roles in life and how these are changing. The common thingsamong those who participated in the investigation is that they have a need tosocialize with others regardless of life situation or lifestyle. Many people want toengage themselves in social meetingplaces which demonstrate that there is aresource in the community, the citizens. There is a need for cooperation betweenthe municipal and voluntary sector and citizens.We should build together
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Lightner, David Eric. "Hume on possibility and necessity /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487936356159386.
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Meera, B. M. "Profound management focus - Mandatory necessity." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106401.
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Seamless information and their accessibility in different formats have created a turbulent atmosphere in the ever-changing library and information domain. A multitude of resources, such as information, human, financial and many more, and the need for their management, makes it imperative for advanced training in ‘Management’ as a discipline on a larger scale in LIS programs. In view of the changing paradigms of library and information organizations in the recent past, an attempt is made to frame appropriate course contents with management facets to be included in the 2 years integrated Master’s level programs in India.
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Elliott, Tracey Ann. "Necessity or pragmatism? : the development and use of the justification of necessity in medical law." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8456.
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Traditionally, the courts have been very reluctant to permit the use of necessity as a defence in civil or criminal cases. However, following the case of F v. West Berkshire Health Authority [1990] 2 A.C. 1 and up until the coming into force of the Mental Capacity Act 2005, the common law principle of necessity was extensively used in medical law to provide a lawful basis for the care and medical treatment of incapacitated adults without consent. This thesis examines why this was the case, and suggest that the answer may be found in the need to fill a “gap” in the law left by the ending of the parens patriae jurisdiction over incapacitated adults and in the development of the declaratory jurisdiction, enabling the courts to consider ex ante whether treatment is lawful and to exercise control over the application of the defence. It is suggested that judicial pragmatism, rather than legal principle lies behind this development and use of necessity This essentially historical study (although the impact that the Mental Capacity Act 2005 will have upon the justification of necessity is examined) critically considers what judicial pragmatism is, before examining the development of the declaratory jurisdiction and its role, together with the justification of necessity, in providing a substitute to the former parens patriae jurisdiction. The origins of and development of the defence and its use in medical law cases are critically scrutinised. It is suggested that the ‘principle’ of necessity developed in Re F is essentially a pragmatic, rather than a principled construct, and that ‘necessity’ in this medico-legal context is essentially a paradoxical concept, being a best interests defence rather than one of true necessity, with the test of best interests being sufficiently vague and broad to permit the courts to maintain an illusion of coherence and consistency whilst maximising flexibility.
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Clark, Julie Margaret. "Wanting to hope : the experience of adult siblings of long-term missing people /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19324.pdf.
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Öberg, Anders. "Hilary Putnam on Meaning and Necessity." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160279.
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In this dissertation on Hilary Putnam's philosophy, I investigate his development regarding meaning and necessity, in particular mathematical necessity. Putnam has been a leading American philosopher since the end of the 1950s, becoming famous in the 1960s within the school of analytic philosophy, associated in particular with the philosophy of science and the philosophy of language. Under the influence of W.V. Quine, Putnam challenged the logical positivism/empiricism that had become strong in America after World War II, with influential exponents such as Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach. Putnam agreed with Quine that there are no absolute a priori truths. In particular, he was critical of the notion of truth by convention. Instead he developed a notion of relative a priori truth, that is, a notion of necessary truth with respect to a body of knowledge, or a conceptual scheme. Putnam's position on necessity has developed over the years and has always been connected to his important contributions to the philosophy of meaning. I study Hilary Putnam's development through an early phase of scientific realism, a middle phase of internal realism, and his later position of a natural or commonsense realism. I challenge some of Putnam’s ideas on mathematical necessity, although I have largely defended his views against some other contemporary major philosophers; for instance, I defend his conceptual relativism, his conceptual pluralism, as well as his analysis of the realism/anti-realism debate.
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Mason, Andrew Staveley. "Reason and necessity in Plato's Timaeus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306756.
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Flores, Victor Cantero. "The source of broadly logical necessity." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548565.
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McGee, A. J. "Derrida and the necessity of metaphysics." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343548.
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Oki, Takashi. "Aristotle on teleology, chance, and necessity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9f6e9f40-eb61-43a8-92d6-b3749820e738.
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In this doctoral thesis, I address questions concerning teleology, chance, and necessity in Aristotle's philosophy. These three concepts are closely related. Aristotle considers chance in relation to teleology, and contrasts his conception of teleology with his own and his predecessors' views of necessity. He explains accidental causation on the basis of the absurdity of necessitarianism. In Chapter I, I clarify Aristotle's definitions of chance events and chance in Physics B 4-6 on the basis of a detailed examination of 'coming to be accidentally' (196b23), 'for the sake of something' (196b21), 'might be done by thought or by nature' (196b22). I analyze accidental and non-accidental relations involved in the marketplace example. In Chapter II, I argue that Aristotle accepts that the regularly beneficial winter rainfall is for the sake of the crops in Physics B 8. I scrutinize Empedocles’ view as described by Aristotle and show that it is not a theory of natural selection. I seek to show that the rival view against which Aristotle argues is an amalgam of reductionism and eliminativism. In Chapter III, I analyze what Aristotle means by 'simple necessity' and 'necessity on a hypothesis' (199b34-35), and argue that, in Physics B 9, he only acknowledges hypothetical necessity. Scrutinizing the wall example and Aristotle’s reply to it, I clarify his view of the relation between teleological causation and material necessity. In Chapter IV, I clarify Aristotle's conception of accidental causes, while taking his presentation of the necessitarian argument in Metaphysics E 3 as a reductio ad absurdum. I criticize the view that Aristotle himself accepts necessitation in this chapter. In doing so, I argue that, although this point is not explicitly stated in Physics B, Aristotle thinks that what is accidental is not necessary prior to its occurrence.
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Snopchenko, Anna. "Necessity of ecological insurance in Ukraine." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8228.
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Gaj, Amber. "Thoughts on the Necessity of Disease." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1346774280.
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Judson, Lindsay. "Aristotle on necessity, chance and explanation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2a915a2-d946-4da3-a472-172afbe9bafc.
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Aristotle endorses a very striking doctrine connecting necessity with what seems to be a non-modal notion -- that of 'being or happening always'. He also forges a connection between the idea of 'happening by chance' and 'happening neither always nor for the most part'. These two connections form the subject of this essay. My guiding aim is to provide an account of what the 'always/necessary' doctrine involves and of why Aristotle might have held it. Reflection on the nature of the connection between 'by chance' and 'neither always nor for the most part' throws light on what Aristotle means by 'happening always', and, in consequence, on the nature of the link between 'always' and 'necessary'; it also suggests that the basis of this link is to be found in Aristotle's general conception of the natural world as the object of explanation and knowledge. The primary texts upon which discussion of these connections must focus are <u>De Caelo</u> I. 12 and the analysis of chance in <u>Physics</u> II. 4â6. I discuss these two texts in turn, after a opening chapter which surveys the evidence for Aristotle's acceptance of the 'always/necessaryâ doctrine and considers the nature of the restrictions which he places on it. Chapter 2 comprises a translation of and commentary on <u>Cael.</u> I. 12, together with a translation and discussion of its companion chapter, I. 10. In Chapter 3, I examine the nature of Aristotle's argument in I. 12, and criticise various interpretations which see it as evidence that Aristotle's 'always/necessary' doctrine rests on a distinctive conception of possibility. The translation of and commentary on <u>Phys.</u> II. 4-6 (Chapter 4) are followed in Chapter 5 by a discussion of issues relating to the association of chance with 'neither always nor for the most part'. The final chapter returns to the question of the connection between 'always' and 'of necessity'.
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Darland, Jeff II. "The Necessity of Presence and Play." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5742.
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Theater programs that focus solely on the influence of the Stanislavski system are neglecting students’ opportunity to experience additional approaches to performance study that focus more readily on the sensations of the human body and the practices of improvisation to prepare actors to be able to stay present and respond truthfully within any moment. The pedagogical work of Jacques Copeau and Jacques Lecoq, which relies on improvisation, paired with more recent stylings of improv teachers such as Viola Spolin, Keith Johnstone, and Del Close reignite a modern sensation of play, found uninhibited in the world of nature, such as the expressive freedoms found in infants. These techniques bring out a truthful style of performance that is tailored to the individual, instead of tailoring the individual to the style. Not only are these performance methodologies useful to the performance artist, but they also hold proven in communities outside of the arts, helping people understand different perspectives, and improve their compacity for empathy and communication.
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Gorey, Claire M. "Age of Alcohol Initiation and Reward Processes in a Current Alcohol Drinking Sample." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6847.
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Earlier ages of alcohol initiation have been associated with an increased vulnerability for Alcohol Use Disorder and general risk taking behaviors beyond genetic influence. Reward processes, including reward anticipation (pleasure before receiving alcohol/general reward), reward learning (how quickly one pairs a stimulus with alcohol/general reward), and reward consummation (pleasure when receiving alcohol/general reward), have been implicated as potential mechanisms accounting for this vulnerability. However, no careful bio-behavioral research has been conducted on the effect of age of alcohol initiation on general and alcohol-related reward processes. Using Event Related Potentials (ERPs), the current study addressed this gap in a sample of 123 current alcohol drinkers. The Monetary Incentive Delay-General task and Monetary Incentive Delay-Alcohol task were administered to participants, in which reward learning (quickness of pairing the neutral cue or alcohol cue with monetary feedback), reward anticipation (activity to neutral cue or alcohol cue), and reward consummation (activity to monetary feedback) were examined. Electroencephalography was used to collect ERPs that index reward anticipation (P3) and reward consummation (P3 and Late Positive Potential) during these tasks. Earlier ages of alcohol initiation were associated with increased alcohol-related reward learning and decreased alcohol-related reward consummation (P3 and Late Positive Potential) beyond genetic and environmental covariates. There were no other significant relationships. These findings support and extend alcohol theories by showing that earlier ages of alcohol initiation may foster a greater sensitization in alcohol-specific reward-learning and more pronounced decreases in alcohol-related consummation. Although in need of direct testing, this might explain why earlier ages of alcohol initiation are associated with an increased vulnerability to Alcohol Use Disorder.
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Wikström, Ester. "Why People Should Not Strive For Freedom : A respons to Ann Cudd's "Wanting Freedom"." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-373688.
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Kim, Yong-Beom. "U.S.-Japan national interests : necessity and implications." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA358947.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998.<br>"December 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Edward A. Olsen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71). Also available online.
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Lyshaugen, Thomas. "Capacity handling : a necessity in Linux clusters." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-533.
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Rösiö, Carl Christian. "Warranties in Marine Insurance : an unpleasant necessity?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-36838.
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Ismailov, Otabek. "The Necessity Defense in International Investment Law." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35860.
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More than fifty investor-state arbitration claims have been filed by foreign investors against the Republic of Argentina due to the country's adoption of measures to mitigate the consequences of a severe financial crisis that struck the country in the early 2000s. Argentina invoked the Non-Precluded Measures (NPM) clause in the U.S.-Argentina Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and the necessity defence in customary international law as its defense in these arbitrations. As a result of taking divergent approaches to interpreting the NPM clause in the U.S.-Argentina BIT, the tribunals reached inconsistent decisions on Argentina’s liability for damages incurred by foreign investors, which intensified the legitimacy crisis in the investment arbitration regime. Consequently, the tribunals’ approaches to interpreting the nexus requirement of the treaty NPM clause (the "necessary for" term) caused a fierce academic debate among scholars.
This thesis studies the issues related to the inconsistent interpretation of treaty NPM clauses and the customary necessity defense in the investment arbitration regime. It presents a detailed examination of the necessity defense in customary international law and treaty NPM clauses through the lens of regime theory. By applying relevant concepts of regime theory, such as regime formation, regime attributes, regime consequences and regime dynamics, this work explores the origins and evolution of the necessity doctrine, and provides a comparative analysis of the attributes, structural elements and the consequences of invoking the customary necessity defense and treaty NPM clauses.
This thesis analyses the interpretative issues in the Argentine cases, and based on the dynamics of developments in the practice of states, it arrives at concrete proposals that will contribute to the coherent practice of investment arbitration tribunals in interpreting treaty NPM clauses. By applying the concept of interaction of regimes, this thesis provides a comparative analysis of tests suggested by scholars for interpreting Article XI of the U.S.-Argentina BIT. It examines whether the interpretative testsmargin of appreciation, proportionality and less restrictive meansused by dispute settlement bodies in other specialized treaty regimes have the potential to serve as an optimal standard for interpreting Article XI. This work explains the contents of these tests and inquires as to the advantages and criticisms related to their application in the investment arbitration regime. This thesis further advances the argument that the interpretation of treaty NPM clauses (Article XI of the U.S.-Argentina BIT) should be performed with strict adherence to the general rules of interpretation as established under Article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). Specifically, it argues that in cases when tribunals fail to define the meaning of a treaty provision under Article 31 (1) and (2) of VCLT, they should not look for guidance from other specialized treaty regimes, but rather, must have recourse to general international law, specifically, customary rules of international law. As a methodology for performing this interpretation, this thesis proposes to apply a systemic integration approach through operationalizing Article 31(3)(c) of VCLT.
Furthermore, this thesis advances the argument that the interpretation of the only means requirement of the customary necessity defense (Article 25 of Articles on the Responsibility of States) does not accurately reflect the contemporary customary rules on necessity. Thus, by applying the concept of regime dynamics, it proposes to reconceptualise the interpretation of the only means requirement through incorporating the elements of a more progressive version, which is found in the international trade regime. Unlike the scholars who rejected the application of the customary necessity elements, and proposed the direct importation of the LRM test from the international trade regime to interpret Article XI, this thesis proposes a different approach to taking advantage of the WTO jurisprudence. Specifically, it argues that WTO jurisprudence can be incorporated into the investment regime indirectly by serving as a source from which we can identify the development of state practice in examining the "only means" nature of state measures adopted in emergency (necessity) circumstances. It is contended that such state practice represents a more progressive and practical approach to interpreting the only means requirement of customary necessity defense, and thus, should be incorporated into the interpretation practice of investment arbitral tribunals.
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Chetelat, Pierre J. "Hegel's logic: Its function, method and necessity." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9955.
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This thesis is essentially an attempt to grasp the nature of Hegel's logic as a whole. In my first chapter I consider what Hegel is trying to accomplish in the logic. Here we see that Hegel's logic is not only a science of thought but a metaphysics as well. In my second chapter I examine Hegel's famous dialectical method by criticizing two previous interpretations of this method and by arguing for a third interpretation. In my last chapter I develop an interpretation of logical necessity by considering Hegel's comments on this topic as well as his discussion of the concept of necessity at the end of the "Doctrine of Essence".
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Philie, Patrice. "A vindication of logical necessity against scepticism." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12919.
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Some philosophers dispute the claim that there is a notion of logical necessity involved in the concept of logical consequence. They are sceptical about logical necessity. They argue that a proper characterisation of logical consequence - of what follows from what - need not and should not appeal to the notion of necessity at all. Quine is the most prominent philosopher holding such a view. In this doctoral dissertation, I argue that scepticism about logical necessity is not successful. Quine's scepticism takes three forms. Firstly, he is often interpreted as undermining, in his classic paper 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism', the very intelligibility of notions such as meaning, necessity, and analyticity. If the notion of necessity is meaningless, it is clear that ascriptions of logical necessity are also meaningless. In the thesis, I defend Quine's criticism of these notions by situating it in its historical context and emphasising that the real target in those writings is not the intelligibility of these notions as such, but only their Platonistic interpretation. I agree with Quine that a good theory about meaning, necessity, or analyticity must avoid such an ontological commitment. Secondly, Quine advocates, in the same paper, a holistic picture of knowledge and claims that in this picture, ascriptions of logical necessity are superfluous. I then show that holism a la Quine is committed to admit the necessity of statements of logical consequence. Thirdly, there is Quine's substitutional account of logical consequence (as exposed in his (1970)). He contends that this theory makes no use of logical necessity, thus showing its superfluousness. I show that any plausible account of logical consequence needs to appeal to logical necessity, thus undercutting Quine's claim - and, more generally, undercutting scepticism about logical necessity.
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Chételat, Pierre. "Hegel's logic, its function, method and necessity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20909.pdf.
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