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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Of Regulated Commerce

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Academic literature on the topic 'Of Regulated Commerce'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Of Regulated Commerce"

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Lim, Setiadi Alim, and Lilik Indrawati. "Perlakuan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Transaksi E-Commerce Di Indonesia." BIP's JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v8i1.35.

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Developments in science and technology is very rapid at the end of the 20th century, especially information and communication technologies have caused changes in many areas of life, including the business life. One of the benefits of information and communication technologies in the business world is the support of the implementation of bisnis transactions are done online or so-called ecommerce (electronic commerce) through the use of the internet network. Ecommerce transactions are growing very rapidly from year to year. Given the potential tax revenue from this sector, governments around the world must give great attention to the taxation of e-commerce transactions, including the imposition of Value Added Tax. In Indonesia, the taxation of e-commerce transactions are regulated in Circular of the Director General of Tax No. SE-62/PJ/2013 dated December 27, 2013. But what is regulated in Circular of the Director General of Tax No. SE-62/PJ/2013 dated December 27, 2013 is deemed still not enough to regulate all matters relating to the imposition of Value Added Tax on e-commerce transactions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a set of rules comprehensive for the imposition of Value Added Tax on e-commerce transactions.

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Iturralde González, Raúl. "The Archetypal Merchant in the 1889 Mexican Commercial Code." Mexican Law Review 13, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iij.24485306e.2020.1.14812.

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When creating laws, legislators bear in mind the subjects whose activities are to be regulated. This mental picture will affect the regulation of both, the subjects and their activities. Different perceived characteristics can be regulated in various ways. While the laws that regulated commerce in Mexico before 1889 were based on the concept of an honest merchant, the Commercial Code enacted by then President Díaz had a different archetypal merchant. Since 1889, commercial laws in Mexico have been enacted based on the idea of an untrustworthy merchant, someone who needs to be regulated and controlled, which has created a regulatory system riddled with unnecessary costs. Through the study of cases decided shortly after the enactment of the 1889 Code, the change in the perception of merchants and commerce becomes apparent. These cases show the strict application of rules in lieu of commercial customs and practices, and the idea of protecting those who are not merchants in their dealings from those who are. However, these ideas should be eliminated from commercial laws. The laws that regulated commerce in Mexico before the 1889 Code offer an excellent starting point for the reform of commercial laws. Laws that assume that merchants are honest and capable of regulating their own affairs will advance commerce in Mexico, which would in turn allow the country to become an innovator (as opposed to a follower) in commercial matters.

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Adamyk, Viktoriia, and Anastasiia Poritska. "International and domestic initiatives for e-commerce regulation." Herald of Economics, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.02.066.

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Introduction. The development of online commerce, which is gradually displacing the traditional one, is a clear trend of global economic transformations. Key aspects of e-commerce, such as online transactions, privacy and consumer protection, and customs clearance, need to be regulated at the international and national levels.The purpose of the article is to study the development of e-commerce in retail goods in the XXI century. in the context of assessing the completeness and effectiveness of international and domesticResearch methods. General scientific and special methods were used to study the legal aspects of e-commerce regulation, namely: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, description, characterization, generalization, comparison. The methodological basis for the study was international regulations (UN Laws, European Union Directives, Acts of International Organizations) and a list of laws of Ukraine on the regulation of the electronic sphere.Results. The analysis of indicators of e-commerce development on the world market is carried out, its rapid dynamics is pointed out. International initiatives to regulate e-commerce are considered. A comparison of aspects of legal regulation of e-commerce in Ukraine and the European Union is carried out. Conclusions are made on the completeness and degree of maturity of the institutional base. Emphasis was placed on the need to strengthen regulatory mechanisms in the field of e-commerce in order to create a modern institutional system adapted to the global and European.Perspectives. It is important to focus future research on the development of guidelines for determining the effectiveness of the implementation of initiatives to regulate e-commerce at the domestic and global levels.

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Granik, Sue. "Invisible Business: The Unregulated World of Political Party Commerce." Politics 25, no. 2 (May 2005): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2005.00233.x.

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This article explores an area of British political party funding that is overlooked, under-researched and under-regulated: party commerce. A comparison of the trading activities of five large and five small political party headquarters units is presented using audited political party accounts made public by the Electoral Commission in 2003, the first year in which such data became available. The anomalies in party funding transparency arising from the lack of regulation of political party commerce are discussed. The dangers of allowing party commerce to continue unregulated, or of inappropriate regulation, are debated.

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Hidayah, Ardiana. "JUAL BELI E-COMMERCE DALAM PERSFEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM." Solusi 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36546/solusi.v17i1.155.

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Buying and selling is one type of mu'amalah regulated in Islamic Law. Based on its form, e-commerce is a model of buying and selling transactions. The concept of e-commerce buying and selling leads to engagement between the parties to provide an achievement. Based on Sunnah Fiqh, buying and selling is the exchange of property (whatever its form) is done voluntarily or the process of transferring property rights to other people with compensation or certain rewards. According to Islamic Law, e-commerce buying and selling is permissible, if it is in accordance with the rules of fiqh in the basic principles of muamalah transaction and its requirements as long as it is not prohibited by sharia or contrary to the argument

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Kute, Meena Prakash, and SadhanaPote Palsamkar. "A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNET USAGE AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING OF UNDERGRADUATES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4(SE) (April 30, 2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4(se).2017.1947.

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The present paper is based on the descriptive correlational research study which aimed to study the relationship between internet usage and self-regulated learning of undergraduates. The survey method was employed to collect the data from commerce, science and arts undergraduates of Mumbai University. The findings of present study showed that, there is significant relationship between internet usage and self-regulated learning of undergraduates. The relationship was found to be positive and negligible.

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Hidayah, Ardiana. "KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM E-COMMERCE." Solusi 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36546/solusi.v17i2.168.

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The development of transportation, communication and information technology further increases the pace of globalization. The use of technology has driven business growth including transaction activities by utilizing technology and telecommunications through e-commerce activities. Problem formulation related to the application of business law in e-commerce activities and the role of law and the concept of legal development in e-commerce business. Legislation in e-commerce activities has been regulated in Law Number 11 of 2008 which has been amended into Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade and Government Regulation Number 82 In 2012 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Transactions and Systems. In its application there are still some weaknesses, namely the existence of objects in electronic transactions cannot be perfectly perceived electronically. There are still obstacles to accountability and the level of reliability in proof of an electronic contract. Law is a tool for maintaining order in society. Law will always adjust to the conditions that occur in the middle of the community and act as a means of renewal in people's lives. Rapid development has resulted in increasingly complex problems faced by the community from traditional patterns to modernization. The development of business law in Indonesia in e-commerce activities is carried out to support the realization of sustainable economic growth, as well as creating certainty, enforcement and legal protection.

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Ayu, Isdiyana Kusuma. "PERAN PENGADILAN NEGERI INDONESIA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK INTERNASIONAL." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 26, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v26i1.6613.

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Electronic transactions or E-commerce are buying and selling transactions carried out through the internet. As a result of over the internet, the nature of e-commerce can be done without knowing the borders. When a default or fraud occurs in e-commerce conducted by one of the parties who are abroad, it must pay attention to the principle of International Private Law related to the Court forum, Arbitration, or other dispute resolution institutions. That means that it is necessary to pay attention to the basic arrangements for dispute resolution of international business transactions that have been regulated in Indonesia and the authority of the Indonesian District Court in resolving international electronic transaction disputes. In the juridical perspective as the basis for solving electronic transaction cases to be legal strengthening takes a sense of justice so that it can be seen that the basis of international e-commerce arrangements in accordance with Article 18 Paragraph (4) of the ITE Law. District Courts has a role to be the main and complementary institution in dispute resolution international electronic transactions.

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ISMAILOVA, Bakytgul, Aigul KURMANOVA, Tatyana ALIMPIYEVA, Kairat BALABIYEV, Alua ALTYNBEKKYZY, and Aidar ALTYNBEKULY. "The Viewpoint on Legislation and Guidelines on e-Business and e-Commerce: Kazakhstan’s Approac." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).19.

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According to Global Information Technology Report, Kazakhstan ranks 39th among countries actively introducing information technologies into electronic business and electronic commerce. The legislative development for e-business and e-commerce in Kazakhstan has begun since 1999, a number of legislative regulations and guidelines have been developed by national parliament of Kazakhstan. The purpose of this article is to present and analyze viewpoint on current national legislation and guidelines on e-business and e-commerce in post-soviet Kazakhstan. This article uses comparative method of legal rules governing e-business and e-commerce issues between Kazakhstan and international countries. Furthermore, it applies a system method, where e-business and e-commerce was considered as a co-economic-legal phenomenon in the mutually agreed existence of its main components such as e-document circulation and e-economy. The article concludes that there is no clearly nationally formulated concept of legal regulation of e-business and e-commerce, there is no clear terminology base and uniform usage of terms, a clear idea of how and what should be regulated. The article highlights that Kazakhstan needs to apply integrated approach with further revision of national legislation and guidelines considering experiences of developed countries and standards of the United Nations convention on the use of electronic communications in international contracts. This review article explores a problematic area of national legislation and guidelines on e-business and e-commerce in transitional Kazakhstan which display interests to e-business and e-commerce and at the same time, country experiences the difficult economic situation, caused by decreasing oil prices, higher inflation and significant devaluation of the national currency.

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Abdul Gani Abdullah, Amad Sudiro, Steven Leonardi,. "“COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ONLINE INTERMEDIARY SERVICE PROVIDER IN INDONESIA AND EUROPEAN UNION”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2081.

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By giving exemption of liability of online intermediary services for Indonesia, it is also expected to create one comprehensive and codified regulation applied only for the general internet regime, or possibly only for online intermediary services. The current overlapping creates multiple impositions of rules. Online intermediary services providers are meant to only provide a platform or media for users to use the platform. This research aims to compare the online intermediary service provide between Indonesia and European Union. This a normative legal research using secondary data. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative approach. Results and discussion found that the E.U. E-Commerce Directive 2000/31 could be a reference for the Indonesian government to improve its regulations regarding e-commerce, especially in the online intermediary services provider. However, to adopt the E-Commerce Directive 2000/31 especially articles 12 to 14, where the exemption of liability is regulated, it needs some adjustment to be suitable for the Indonesian legal system and culture.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Of Regulated Commerce"

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Bennett, Matthew R. "Essays on the development of competition in regulated industries." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269131.

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Tonnellier, Aurore. "Le statut juridique du site internet." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020068.

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Quel est le régime juridique applicable à la qualification juridique du site internet ? Cette question a pour intérêt d'inviter à un voyage dans des arcanes juridiques trop peu visités par les auteurs. Cette thèse ravira donc autant l'universitaire que le juriste spécialisé. Son ambition est d’éclairer juridiquement sur les spécificités du statut juridique du site internet, en parcourant aussi bien l’ensemble des dispositions concernant la réalisation d’un site internet que son exploitation. Pour faciliter sa lecture, la thèse est divisée en deux parties. La première est dédiée à la réalisation de sites internet, avec principalement, d’une part les contrats : le contrat de conception de sites internet, le contrat d’hébergement, le contrat de référencement et le contrat de maintenance ainsi que l’encadrement juridique de chacun d’eux, et, d’autre part, les nombreuses formalités du site internet à respecter : dépôt légal, noms de domaine, mentions légales et déclarations CNIL, ainsi que l'étude de la relation site internet-droit d’auteur. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est dédiée à l’exploitation de sites internet, avec d’une part la communication en ligne et, d’autre part, la relation site internet-publicité, le commerce électronique et le fonds de commerce électronique. Cette thèse souligne avec pertinence qu'internet n'est pas simplement un outil universel, mais aussi une matière vivante, interrogeant le juriste, jour après jour, innovation après innovation, dans sa recherche de solutions toujours plus audacieuses répondant aux problématiques posées par la nature de l’évolution des sites internet
What is the legal framework regulating the web site? The main purpose of this question is to invite the reader into the world of web sites and the surrounding legal regime. The doctoral law thesis aims to shed light on the specificities of the web site’s legal framework. The thesis is divided into two parts: the first part is dedicated to the legal provisions of web site development and the second part is dedicated to the provisions of web site processing. The first part of the thesis, dedicated to the development of web sites, studies the different types of contracts related to web sites including web site development and design contracts, hosting contracts, search engine optimization, and content management system contracts. In addition, it delves into the web site’s requirements: legal web site registration, domain name, legal information and the independent administrative authority protecting privacy and personal data (CNIL), and last but not least the relationship website-copyright. The second part of the thesis, dedicated to the management of web sites, studies online communication, e-commerce, the relationship web site-advertisement, and digital business assets. This doctoral thesis therefore emphasizes the fact that the Internet is not only a universal tool, but also a living matter that challenges the legal profession day after day, and innovation after innovation to encompass new solutions and new regulations as a response to the arising conflicts posed by the evolution of web sites

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Zralá, Lucie. "Mezinárodní kupní smlouva - nástroje regulace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114392.

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The essay focuses on the issue of the international regulation of international sales contracts. It analyses the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods and documents published by the International Chamber of Commerce and by other organisations active in harmonisation and unification of instruments of regulation of international sales contracts. So, the goal of the essay is to decide whether the documents help to remove the barriers of the international trade and whether the documents do not overlap the Convention.

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Moita, Rodrigo Menon Simoes. "Two essays on electricity markets : entry into hydroelectric generation industry and the political cycle of regulated prices /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3242943.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: A, page: 4273. Adviser: Leonardo Rezende. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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Hsueh, Po-Jen, and 薛博仁. "A Study of Self-regulated Learning Strategies of Senior and Vocational High School Students in Commerce and Management Group for Project Study and the influential factors." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44297664412718894979.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
技術及職業教育研究所碩士班
101
The study aimed to explore self-regulated learning strategies of senior and vocational high school students in commerce and management group for project study and their predictors. Structural questionnaire survey was adopted. The population was senior and vocational high school students in commerce and management group. Stratified cluster sampling was conducted to purposefully choose 32 classes from 15 senior and vocational high schools. 979 questionnaires were collected from the Department of Business Management, Information Processing, International Trade and Accounting Affairs. The research tools included three questionnaires: Learning Style Questionnaire, Learning Motivation Questionnaire, and Self-regulated Learning Strategies for Project Study Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, t test, one-way ANOVAs, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the collected data. Important findings were as follows: 1. Significant difference in “learning style” was found among commerce and management group students of different genders and majors. 2. Significant difference in “learning motivation” was found among commerce and management group students of different genders, majors, school category and school types. 3. Significant difference in “self-regulated learning strategies” for project study was found among commerce and management group students of different genders and majors. 4. Commerce and management group students’ learning styles positively affect their “learning motivation” and “self-regulated learning strategies” for project study. 5. Commerce and management group students’ learning motivation positively affect their “self-regulated learning strategies” for project study. 6. Commerce and management group students’ learning styles directly affect self-regulated learning strategies” for project study and indirectly affect it by learning motivation. 7. Commerce and management group students’ “learning style” and “learning motivation” had a goodness of fit to the influential model and data of “self-regulated learning strategies.”

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Winer, Oren S. "Determining the Constitutionality of the National Securities Regulator Proposal and Beyond: The Federal Trade and Commerce Power, the General Motors test and the Choice Between ‘Categorization’ and ‘Balancing’." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31633.

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In addition to demonstrating the judiciary’s role in constitutional adjudication and an application of the federal trade and commerce power, judicial determination of Parliament’s constitutional jurisdiction to enact securities legislation is noteworthy also due to the vast policy debates that are involved. Though such determinations routinely invite a process removed from the contemplation of desirable policy, the ‘General Motors test’ used to define and apply the relevant constitutional power here seems to implicitly allow it. The choice between ‘categorization’ and ‘balancing’ in constitutional analysis is therefore significant, in terms of its juxtaposed tolerance for policy considerations. With these analytical options in mind, this thesis considers Parliament’s proposal, so to identify a reasonable process for determining its constitutionality. It argues that balancing relevant policy concerns is necessary and justifiable in the application of the legal norms in question. Crucial, however, is lending the process structure, so that its shortcomings are mitigated.

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Books on the topic "Of Regulated Commerce"

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Wilson, Wesley W. Market access decisions in regulated and unregulated markets. Fargo, N.D: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 1993.

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Irland, Lloyd C. Should the log and wood product trade be regulated in the northeastern borderlands? Orono: Canadian-American Center, University of Maine, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Hazardous waste: EPA has made limited progress in determining the wastes to be regulated : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Economic Growth, Agriculture, Tourism, and Coastal Protection Committee. Joint public hearing before Assembly Economic Growth, Agriculture, Tourism, and Coastal Protection Committee, and Assembly Commerce and Regulated Professions Committee: A small business summit to evaluate economic conditions surrounding small businesses in New Jersey : March 20, 1991, Commission Chambers, ... Millville, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J. (State House Annex, CN 068, Trenton 08625): The Unit, 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine. Domestic offshore regulated transportation: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Merchant Marine of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session ... February 16, 1989--San Juan, Puerto Rico--(oversight); June 8, 1989--Washington, D.C.--(H.R. 2498); June 15, 1989--Washington, D.C.--(H.R. 2498). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Law, Public Safety, and Defense. Joint public hearing before Senate Law, Public Safety, and Defense Committee and Assembly Commerce and Regulated Professions Committee, Senate bill no. 2549 and Assembly bill no. 3258: (establish the New Jersey Commercial Driver License Act), May 25, 1990, Beachwood Community Center ... Beachwood, New Jersey. [Trenton, N.J.]: The Committees, 1990.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Law, Public Safety, and Defense. Joint public hearing before Senate Law, Public Safety and Defense Committee and Assembly Commerce and Regulated Professions Committee: Senate bill no. 2549 and Assembly bill no. 3258 (establishes the New Jersey Commercial Driver License Act) : June 27, 1990, Vineland City Hall, Vineland, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committees, 1990.

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New, Jersey Legislature Senate Committee on Law Public Safety and Defense. Joint public hearing before Senate Law, Public Safety, and Defense Committee and Assembly Commerce and Regulated Professions Committee: Senate bill no. 2549 (establishes the New Jersey Commercial Driver License Act) and Assembly bill no. 3258 (establishes the New Jersey Commercial Driver License Act) : April 19, 1990, Secaucus Minicipal Government Center, Secaucus, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committees, 1990.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Product Liability Reform Act: Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on S. 1400, a bill to regulate interstate commerce by providing for a uniform product liablity law ... July 31, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Legislature, Lower Canada. Bill further to extend and regulate the inland commerce between this province and the United States of America: Bill pour étendre et régler le commerce intérieur entre cette province, et les États-Unis d'Amérique. [Québec: s.n., 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Of Regulated Commerce"

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Dixsaut, G., and D. Cordonnier. "What Could Be Done to Regulate Profit in Dialysis Centers? Propositions From Some French Realities." In Organ Replacement Therapy: Ethics, Justice Commerce, 347–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76444-8_53.

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Vankova, Zvezda. "Flanking Rights in the Context of Circular Migration: Entry and Residence Conditions for Family Members and Recognition of Qualifications for Migrant Workers in Bulgaria and Poland." In IMISCOE Research Series, 215–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52689-4_8.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on entry conditions for family members and recognition of qualifications that are considered secondary policy areas, yet could still influence migrants’ willingness to engage in circular migration. The chapter commences with an analysis of the transposition of the Family Reunification Directive into Polish and Bulgarian law. It then moves on to explore its implementation dynamics through the eyes of the migrant workers who participated in the focus groups as part of this study. As a second step, the chapter examines national instruments in the field of academic and professional qualifications. It takes physicians and nurses as case studies in order to present the challenges associated with practicing regulated professions in the context of circular migration. The chapter concludes with an assessment of existing instruments against the study’s benchmarks in these two policy areas, namely the conditions for family reunification and for migrant workers to have their diplomas and professional qualifications recognised.

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Gelderblom, Oscar. "The Organization of Exchange." In Cities of Commerce. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691142883.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the creation of spot markets as a means for foreign traders in Bruges, Antwerp, and Amsterdam to find buyers or sellers and negotiate deals with them. It first considers how public vending locations were constantly adapted to the size and composition of the merchant community before discussing how the work of local hostellers and brokers was regulated to ensure the availability of current commercial information to all merchants at low cost. It then examines the ability of resident traders to pass over local intermediaries and organize their own information supply by focusing on the business of one merchant, Hans Thijs, a jeweler from Antwerp who settled in Amsterdam in 1595. It also assesses the extent to which the urban magistrates were willing, in the interest of the merchant community at large, to align the financial reward for the hostellers' services with the value they added to the business of individual merchants.

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"National Report for Mexico." In Commencement of Insolvency Proceedings, edited by Carlos Sánchez-Mejorada y. Velasco. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199644223.003.0012.

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Mexico—the United Mexican States—is a federal republic. The Mexican federation is comprised of 31 states and one Federal District. Article 124 of the Mexican Constitution provides that the states reserve for themselves the powers not granted to the federation; furthermore, art. 73, para, X, of the Constitution grants to the Congress the power to legislate in matters of ‘commerce’. Therefore, according to arts 124 and 73 of the Constitution, the insolvency of merchants—of persons individual or corporate engaged in commerce—is a matter of federal law because it regulates commercial matters, whereas the insolvency of individuals not engaged in commerce, and of civil, i.e. non-commercial corporations, not being a commercial matter, is regulated by the Civil Codes and the Civil Procedure Codes of the several states and the Federal District.

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Yap, Alexander Y. "U-Commerce in the Financial Marketspace." In Ubiquitous Commerce for Creating the Personalized Marketplace, 75–91. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-378-4.ch005.

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The mission of this chapter is to investigate (1) how u-commerce is made available by online brokerage agents and the different interfaces they provide via mobile phone transactions, computer transactions, and/or land-line telephone transactions (either thru broker assisted transactions or interactive voiceresponse phone systems), (2) how the anytime anywhere demand and supply of financial knowledge and availability or non-availability of ubiquitous trading tools and systems affect the behavior of traders and investors in the financial market, and (3) to what extent ubiquity of information and systems tools are regulated in relation to stock trading, stock manipulation, and global volatility of financial markets.

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Lawrence, Adrian, and Jane Williams. "Privacy and Location-Based Mobile Services." In Mobile and Ubiquitous Commerce, 15–27. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-366-1.ch002.

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As commercial interest in LBS increases, legal and regulatory bodies are becoming increasingly interested in the extent to which use of LBS may affect individuals’ privacy. This chapter discusses the nature of the privacy-related issues arising from the use of commercial LBS and gives examples of approaches that might be taken to best address these issues from the perspective of users of LBS and commercial providers of LBS. It identifies and analyses some of the key privacy issues that arise from use of LBS and the ways in which these types of issues are being regulated in some jurisdictions. It also suggests some best-practice guidelines for how these issues might be best dealt with in order to ensure that individuals’ privacy is protected. Given the increasing importance of privacy issues to consumers and their likely reluctance to use commercial LBS if significant privacy concerns are not addressed, this chapter concludes that both consumers and commercial LBS providers will benefit from privacy concerns being addressed appropriately. This chapter identifies and analyzes these issues on a theoretical level so that the issues and approaches suggested may be useful to both privacy advocates and regulators and to providers of LBS, and will remain relevant as LBS become more sophisticated.

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Gunawan, Yordan, and Hanna Nur Afifah Yogar. "Indonesia E-Hailing Taxi." In Handbook of Research on Innovation and Development of E-Commerce and E-Business in ASEAN, 594–606. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4984-1.ch028.

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Transportation development has revolutionized ride-hailing to e-hailing. This alteration impacts many aspects, mostly in economics and employment opportunity. However, this triggers competition with the traditional; moreover, the absence of significant regulation and standards for operation raises conflicts and an uneven market. This research concerns how e-hailing taxi must be regulated under Indonesian law for its certainty and expediency. This considers that the operation of e-hailing taxi in Indonesia is not sufficiently regulated, neither from security risks, tariff limits rates, nor in terms of skilled quality for the labor and so on. The researcher found, if there is no certainty for tis app-based transportation laws, the effects will create an unhealthy and imbalanced market, high-risks, and double standard operation.

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Kala, Devkant, and D. S. Chaubey. "Impact of Product Presentation on Purchase Intention." In Research Anthology on E-Commerce Adoption, Models, and Applications for Modern Business, 1477–91. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8957-1.ch075.

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Effective visual product presentation gives consumers a sense of appropriateness and supplementary perceptible experience to lessen the degree of apparent risk, compensate the absence of sensory attributes, and offer delightful online shopping experiences. The purchase of lifestyle products has become a matter of happiness to consumers that is convincingly regulated by the mood. Mood—a direct indicator of the subjective wellbeing—plays a prominent role in consumers' purchase behavior. This chapter attempts to examine the impact of product presentation on purchase intention of lifestyle products and moderating role of mood by obtaining data from 356 Indian online shoppers. Results revealed that mood moderates the impact of product presentation on purchase intention in online shopping context. The study recommends that marketers must offer pleasant and lively virtual product experiences for creating favorable shopping atmospherics and encouraging consumers' purchase intention.

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Baderin, Mashood A. "6. Law of financial transactions." In Islamic Law: A Very Short Introduction, 92–101. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199665594.003.0006.

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‘Law of financial transactions’ studies the Islamic law of financial transactions. Islamic banking and finance is based on the general rules of contract and commerce as regulated by relevant provisions of the sharīʻah. Its fundamental principles are based on the legality of trade but prohibition of usury/interest (ribā), predatory/speculative transactions (gharar), gambling (maysir), and dealing in unlawful goods and services under the sharīʻah. Other relevant rules include the principles of partnership and agency, which are employed in devising different ‘sharīʻah-compliant’ products in contemporary Islamic banking and finance. The three main forms of ‘sharīʻah-compliant’ contracts are: the murābahah (‘cost-plus’ sale), mushārakah (equitable partnership), and mudārabah (silent partnership).

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Danielson, Peter. "Metaphors and Models for Data Mining Ethics." In Database Technologies, 1808–22. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-058-5.ch109.

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Our regulatory institutions, broadly taken, include our moral norms and models and have not fully adapted to significant changes in data mining technology. For example, we suggest that the metaphors — Big Brother and “data mining” itself — commonly used to describe and assess this new technology are deficient, overemphasizing social discipline by the state and the passivity of the so-called data subject. We move from metaphors to a set of models more adequate for building an ethics of data mining, using a framework of informal game theory. We sketch three models of interaction: pure conflict, pure coordination, and a mixed motive cooperation game, with special application to security, health, and commerce, respectively. We recommend these three models as heuristics within a simple account of an ethics of data mining regulated by informed consent.

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Conference papers on the topic "Of Regulated Commerce"

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Husain, Anam, Tanmay Sinha, and Avinash Kushik. "AI Regulated E-Commerce Portal." In 2021 International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conit51480.2021.9498389.

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Yu, Jiang, and Lanxiang Zhao. "Exploring development model for mobile commerce under the highly-regulated contexts." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2006.262239.

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Ubong, Etim U., and K. J. Berry. "Regulations Governing Transportation of Portable Fuel Cell Devices and Systems in Aircrafts." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1750.

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The revolutionary advancements of electrical fuel cell power within the past decade has drawn public awareness and criticism to the hazardous nature of hydrogen and other fuels used in fuel cell powered devices and systems. Although these fuels are regulated, their fuel storage devices (cartridges) are not, hence, requiring various governmental agencies approval such as the Department of Transportation, which typically applies its regulations for transportation of hazardous materials. As the development of these devices grow, issues regarding transportation of hazardous materials, components in mass transportation systems: e.g. passenger aircrafts, ships, trains, and buses, USPS, will come under intense legal scrutiny. The United States and other nations, including international bodies such as the United Nations have national and international laws regulating transit of hazardous/toxic materials across state/national and international boundaries. These different regulations often conflict and are serious barriers to the transportation of fuel cell powered consumer electronic devices such as laptop computers, cell phones, camcorders, calculators and even portable CD Players in commerce. This report addresses the regulatory framework regarding transportation of fuel cell hazardous-material – containing devices by aircrafts and suggests solutions to obtaining approval from various governmental agencies.

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Matanovac Vučković, Romana, Ivana Kanceljak, and Marko Jurić. "CULTURAL HERITAGE INSTITUTIONS DURING AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC: THE COPYRIGHT PERSPECTIVE." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18312.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has imploded the traditional ways in which creative, cultural and artistic content are presented and consumed. Museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural institutions have been closed in lockdowns all around the European Union, and their content presented and consumed online. This paper will analyse how copyright rules affect cultural heritage institutions (publicly accessible libraries or museums, archives or film or audio heritage institutions) in the digital age. Four recent legal documents at the European level refer to the digitalisation of their collections and the digitised content’s exposure to the public in the Digital Single Market. These are Directive 2001/29/EC, Directive 2012/28/EU, Directive (EU) 2019/790 and Directive (EU) 2019/1024. This paper willfirst analyse how exclusive rights are regulated for authors, other creators, publishers, and producers in the digital age. Those rights need to be respected and exercised effectively by their owners. On the other hand, there is also a public interest, in that digitisation and access to digitised content should be free in cultural heritage institutions. To resolve the tension inherent in this relationship is not easy. The recent rapid change in consumption of creative, cultural and artistic content in the Single Digital Market (due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus) has triggered the need for swifter digitisation of cultural heritage institutions’ collections. The European legal framework offers some solutions to this need, which will be presented here. It does not resolve the situation generally, but refers to particular issues, such as orphan works, out-of-commerce works, text and data mining and the re-use of public sector information. In general, copyright protection prevails. Nevertheless, the tendencies towards free access grow stronger every day. This paper will analyse how these four directives interact with each other in the effort to resolve the tension between copyright, digitisation and free access to digitised content in cultural heritage institutions. At the end, two ideas for a new balance are presented.

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Wagner, John, Cecil Huey, and Katie Knaub. "Clock Mechanism Fundamentals for Education: Modeling and Analysis." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2100.

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Time keeping devices have been designed, fabricated, and widely deployed throughout history to regulate daily functions including commerce and transportation. In addition, horology offers a catalog of mankind’s innovation and demonstrates important scientific and engineering concepts. The investigation and analysis of clock systems from a mechatronics perspective illustrates the evolution of gear systems, feedback control, and transformation of energy for time measurement. In this paper, the operational behavior of an eight day mechanical clock has been studied through mathematical models, numerical simulation, and computer animation. The classroom exploration of time keeping mechanisms offers practical applications of physical principles.

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Zdraveva, Neda. "DIGITAL CONTENT CONTRACTS AND CONSUMER PROTECTION: STATUS QUO AND WAYS FURTHER." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18313.

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One of the effects of the COVID-19 crisis is the significant acceleration of e-commerce. The number of companies and the varieties of products in the online markets increased, as well as the numbers of consumers and consumers’ segments diversification. The e-commerce in pandemic times offered clear benefits and opportunities for the consumers. It also created situations where the lack of confidence in e-commerce may intensify. This comes from the consumers’ uncertainty on their key contractual rights and it is particularly a case when it comes to the contracts for supply of digital content and digital services. The European Union considered that legal certainty for consumers (and businesses) will increase by full harmonisation of key regulatory issues and that this would lead to growth of the potentials the e-commerce has on the common market. Aiming to achieve a genuine digital single market the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament in May 2019 have adopted the Directive (EU) 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services (the "Digital Content Directive") and the Directive (EU) 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods (the "Sales of Goods Directive") that regulate the supply of digital content and digital services and sale of goods with digital elements, respectively. Both directives lay down specific rules on the conformity of digital content or a digital service i.e., goods with digital elements with the contract, remedies in the cases of a lack of conformity or a failure to supply, as well as the modalities for the exercise of those remedies. The paper analyses the mechanisms for regulation of the contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services and the specific rights and obligations of the parties to these contracts. The main objective of the research is to assess to which extent these mechanisms are novelty in the European Consumer Law and to examine the obstacles that the application of consumer law to digital content contracts may encounter.

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Li Yafeng. "Simulation and research of Series Dynamic Voltage Regulator based on MATLAB." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6010583.

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A. Lipinski, Tomas. "To Speak or Not to Speak: Developing Legal Standards for Anonymous Speech on the Internet." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2526.

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This paper explores recent developments in the regulation of Internet speech, in specific, injurious or defamatory speech and the impact such speech has on the rights of anonymous speakers to remain anonymous as opposed to having their identity revealed to plaintiffs or other third parties. The paper proceeds in four sections. First, a brief history of the legal attempts to regulate defamatory Internet speech in the United States is presented. As discussed below this regulation has altered the traditional legal paradigm of responsibility and as a result creates potential problems for the future of anonymous speech on the Internet. As a result plaintiffs are no longer pursuing litigation against service providers but taking their dispute directly to the anonymous speaker. Second, several cases have arisen in the United States where plaintiffs have requested the identity of the anonymous Internet speaker be revealed. These cases are surveyed. Third, the cases are analyzed in order to determine the factors that courts require to be present before the identity of an anonymous speaker will be revealed. The release is typically accomplished by the enforcement of a discovery subpoena issued by the moving party. The factors courts have used are as follows: jurisdiction, good faith (both internal and external), necessity (basic and sometimes absolute), and at times proprietary interest. Finally, these factors are applied in three scenarios—e-commerce, education, and employment—to guide institutions when adopting policies that regulate when the identity of an anonymous speaker— a customer, a student or an employee—would be released as part of an internal initiative, but would nonetheless be consistent with developing legal standards.

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Santamaria-Varas, Mar, and Pablo Martinez-Diez. "New Data-driven Analysis and Policies to Regulate Commerce and Tourism: The Examples of Barcelona and Madrid." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.5.

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The regulation of economic activity is a question of the utmost relevance in urban planning as urbanism meants to support coexistence of citizens necessities while preserving the health of the commercial economic fabric. In this context, the model of diversity embodied by the city of Barcelona (paradigm of other European cities where commercial and leisure activities play a fundamental role in constructing the social, civic and economic values) is under discussion from the urban and political perspective. The saturation of public access activities, food retailers and tourist services -consequence of previous boosting liberal policies- is affecting the habitability and the quality of life of the residents. Using the new land-use plan of Ciutat Vella (Barcelona, Spain, 2018) as a case study, we intend to frame the regulation of public access and commercial activities in an international context, explain how this particular type of plan works and discuss the circumstances of its implementation.

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Jun Xu. "Notice of Retraction: A study to mixed game between regulator and firms regarding farm produces." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6011382.

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Reports on the topic "Of Regulated Commerce"

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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.

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Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.

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