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1

SANTOS, MARIA J., and JAMES H. THORNE. "Comparing culture and ecology: conservation planning of oak woodlands in Mediterranean landscapes of Portugal and California." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 2 (2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000238.

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SUMMARYMediterranean ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots, however translating conservation need into implementation has been hindered by their function as working landscapes that integrate both human and natural components. This paper compares oak woodland working landscapes in California and Portugal: can conservation policy be reshaped to conserve Mediterranean oak woodland ecosystems with differing sociopolitical cultural contexts? Each oak woodland's cultural-historical legacy and socioecological system (SES) is described, and how each system can cross-inform improvements to conservation
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2

Antos, Mark J., and Andrew F. Bennett. "How important are different types of temperate woodlands for ground-foraging birds?" Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04118.

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There is widespread concern about population decline in a number of woodland-dependent birds in southern Australia. Of all declining species, approximately half forage on the ground. This study examined the avifaunal assemblages of temperate woodlands of the Northern Plains, Victoria, to investigate the importance of woodland habitats for ground-foraging species. Four main types of woodland were surveyed (white cypress-pine, black box, grey box and river red gum) and, in total, 89 bird species were detected. All four woodland types differed in habitat structure and, in turn, supported signific
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3

Gaytán, Á., A. Ricarte, and G. González-Bornay. "Hoverfly diversity (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Pyrenean oak woodlands in Central-Western Spain: a preliminary study with conservation outcomes." Journal of Insect Conservation 24, no. 1 (2019): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00208-z.

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AbstractHoverflies are frequently used as biodiversity indicators and are targets of ecological studies across Europe. How hoverfly diversity responds to ecological variables is essential for species and habitat conservation. The present study is a first attempt to assess the hoverfly diversity of deciduous woodlands of Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) in La Vera (Central-Western Spain), a habitat in need of conservation and a region that is poorly known in terms of hoverflies. Hoverflies were sampled with hand net in a mature-woodland site, a young-woodland site, and two close-by grassland si
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4

Roberts, J., and P. Rosier. "The impact of broadleaved woodland on water resources in lowland UK: III. The results from Black Wood and Bridgets Farm compared with those from other woodland and grassland sites." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (2005): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-614-2005.

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Abstract. In the United Kingdom the planting of broadleaved woodland has led to concerns about the impact on water resources. Comparative studies, typically using soil water measurements, have been established to compare water use of broadleaved woodland and grassland. The diversity of outcomes from these studies makes it difficult to make any consistent prediction of the hydrological impact of afforestation. Most studies have shown greater drying of soils under broadleaved woodland than under grass. However, two studies in a beech wood growing on shallow soils above chalk at Black Wood, Miche
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5

McGinness, Heather M., Anthony D. Arthur, and Julian R. W. Reid. "Woodland bird declines in the Murray–Darling Basin: are there links with floodplain change?" Rangeland Journal 32, no. 3 (2010): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10016.

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Woodland bird population declines in Australia have been attributed to various factors including habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. However, the influence of altered water availability in the landscape upon woodland bird populations has not been examined, particularly in terms of changes in flood regimes and subsequent loss of floodplain productivity. In this review, we examine the importance to woodland birds of floodplains, floods, and associated vegetation communities, highlighting potential links between declining water availability, habitat degradation, and bird populations. Fl
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Godlee, John L., Francisco Maiato Gonçalves, José João Tchamba, et al. "Diversity and Structure of an Arid Woodland in Southwest Angola, with Comparison to the Wider Miombo Ecoregion." Diversity 12, no. 4 (2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040140.

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Seasonally dry woodlands are the dominant land cover across southern Africa. They are biodiverse, structurally complex, and important for ecosystem service provision. Species composition and structure vary across the region producing a diverse array of woodland types. The woodlands of the Huíla plateau in southwest Angola represent the extreme southwestern extent of the miombo ecoregion and are markedly drier than other woodlands within this ecoregion. They remain understudied, however, compared to woodlands further east in the miombo ecoregion. We aimed to elucidate further the tree diversity
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7

Fors, Hanna, Märit Jansson, and Anders Nielsen. "The Impact of Resident Participation on Urban Woodland Quality—A Case Study of Sletten, Denmark." Forests 9, no. 11 (2018): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110670.

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Despite the potential of urban woodlands for recreational use and participatory management, citizens’ perception of urban woodland quality, as well as the impact of citizens’ co-management on urban woodland quality, have not been thoroughly studied to date. The present study investigated how residents in Holstebro, Denmark define urban woodland quality in their neighborhood named Sletten and how they perceive the quality impact of their participation in the management and maintenance of a transition from private gardens to public urban woodland—the so-called co-management zone. Field survey of
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8

Karki, Lila B., Uma Karki, and Anand Tiwari. "Woodland Grazing: Untapped Resource to Increase Economic Benefits from Forestland." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (2021): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.011.

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Abstract The southeastern United States offers a tremendous opportunity for expanding woodland grazing technology for small ruminants in its almost 60 percent woodland. Like in many other states, Alabama alone has 23 million acres of woodland. Conversely, livestock owners face a daunting challenge to forage their animals for about seven lean months each year. Raising animals on concentrates, of course, is economically unfeasible for small-scale producers. Woodland grazing is an untapped practice that boosts economic, social, and environmental benefits to woodland owners. The objectives of this
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9

Masters, Bernie. "Temperate woodland conservation and management." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 4 (2012): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120324.

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AS excellent as this book is, its title is something of a misnomer. Because the book contains 40 short chapters summarising the key findings and recommendations of many of Australia’s leading woodland researchers and managers, the words ‘Principles of . . . ’ should precede the existing title. While the book provides readers with a very good understanding of the major issues to be addressed in conserving and managing woodland habitat, as well as in producing effective and much-needed government policy, further reading is required from each chapter’s extensive list of references to obtain the d
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10

Wood, C. M., S. M. Smart, and R. G. H. Bunce. "Woodland survey of Great Britain 1971–2001." Earth System Science Data Discussions 8, no. 1 (2015): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-8-259-2015.

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Abstract. The Woodland Survey of Great Britain is a unique dataset, consisting of a detailed range of ecological measurements at a national scale, covering a time span of 30 years. A set of 103 woods spread across Britain were first surveyed in 1971, which were again surveyed in 2000–2003 (for convenience referred to subsequently as the "2001 survey"). Standardised methods of describing the trees, shrubs, ground flora, soils and general habitats present were used for both sets of surveys. The sample of 1648 plots spread through 103 woodland sites located across Britain makes it probably the mo
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11

Smith, Frederick W., and Thomas Schuler. "Yields of Southwestern Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (1988): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/3.3.70.

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Abstract Site quality and growth-growing stock relations were developed for southwestern woodlands of pinyon (Pinus edulis) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) or Utah juniper (J. osteosperma). Anamorphic height-age site index curves for pinyon were developed from a regional sample of 60 woodlands. Site index was unaffected by variation in stocking and was correlated with woodland yield when used in conjunction with density. Pinyon and juniper PAI, when taken separately, were highly correlated with stand density and pinyon site index. Pinyon was twice as productive as juniper at simila
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12

Good, Megan K., Jodi N. Price, Peter J. Clarke, and Nick Reid. "Dense regeneration of floodplain Eucalyptus coolabah: invasive scrub or passive restoration of an endangered woodland community?" Rangeland Journal 34, no. 2 (2012): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12008.

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Clearing of native vegetation and changes to disturbance regimes have resulted in dense regeneration of native trees and shrubs in parts of Australia. The conversion of open vegetation to dense woodlands may result in changes to the composition of plant communities and ecosystem function if structure, composition and function are tightly linked. Widespread clearing of the floodplain tree Eucalyptus coolabah subsp. coolabah (coolibah), in New South Wales, Australia, has led to state and federal listings of coolibah woodland as an endangered ecological community. Dense regeneration of coolibah i
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13

Masters, Bernie. "Temperate Woodland Conservation and Management." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 3 (2014): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140336.

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AS excellent as this book is, its title is something of a misnomer. Because the book contains 40 short chapters summarising the key findings and recommendations of many of Australia’s leading woodland researchers and managers, the words “Principles of . . .” should precede the existing title. While the book provides readers with a very good understanding of the major issues to be addressed in conserving and managing woodland habitat, as well as in producing effective and much-needed government policy, further reading is required from each chapter’s extensive list of references to obtain the de
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14

Fulton, Graham R., and John Lawson. "Birds respond to woodland type, soil and mesic gradients in heterogeneous woodlands at Dryandra." Australian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20095.

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The vast clearance of forest and woodland for agriculture with the removal of more than 93% of the native vegetation has decimated the fauna of what is now known as the Western Australian wheatbelt. This clearing has been particularly severe on wandoo woodlands through the wheatbelt. In order to quantify the usefulness of what has been left, three native woodland types were surveyed for avian abundance and diversity, in a large heterogeneous remnant of old-growth woodland, at Dryandra. Birds were counted at 70 points along seven transects, through three woodland types: powderbark wandoo (Eucal
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15

Ereso Denbel, Tsegu. "Woody Species Diversity and Structure of Protected Woodlands Adjacent to Free Grazing Land Woodland at Dugda Woreda, Oromia, Ethiopia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8834892.

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The study was conducted in protected woodland and free graze woodland located in Dugda Woreda, Oromia state, Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to explore the floristic composition, structure, and regeneration of woody species. In the park, the vegetation ecology has not been studied up to date, which is necessary for conservation. The systematic sampling technique was used to collect vegetation and human disturbance (presence and absence) data from August to December 2017. The vegetation data were collected from 30 plots from each woodland with a size of 900 m2 (30 m × 300 m) for tree/s
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16

Dzwonko, Zbigniew. "Migration of vascular plant species to a recent wood adjoining ancient woodland." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 70, no. 1 (2014): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2001.010.

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Woodland communities can be restored by natural succession in sites adjoining ancient woodlands which can act as seed sources for trees, shrubs and woodland herbs. The influence of dominant tree species and the distance from an adjacent ancient oak-hornbeam woodland upon the floristic composition of species in a recent pine wood planted on dry rendzina soil were studied. It was found that, in spite of a 52-year long succession, the border between woods was sharp and the composition of species in the recent wood were significantly different than in the adjacent ancient woodland. Canonical corre
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17

Izhaki, I., A. Haim, and O. Zohar. "Rodent Populations Recovering from Fire in an East Mediterranean Woodland*." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (1993): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0593.

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Fire in woodlands causes a dramatic decrease in rodent populations. The aim of this study was to detect rodent succession in three different management regimes of a post-fire habitat on Mount Carmel: (1) a control area of mixed woodlands of burnt pine and oak; (2) a mixed burnt woodland in which the burnt pine trees were cut and left in situ; and (3) a mixed burnt woodland in which burnt pines were cut and removed from the plot. Two plots in an unburnt mixed woodland were used as controls. The first invader species observed in the post-fire habitats were Mus macedonicus, which was the most abu
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18

Lindenmayer, David, and Chris Taylor. "Extensive recent wildfires demand more stringent protection of critical old growth forest." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 4 (2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc20037.

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Old growth forests have many key values, but temporal changes across their spatial extent are poorly understood. This includes large parts of Australia and is a major knowledge gap given the extent of human and natural disturbances in the Australian forest estate over past decades. We integrated spatial data on the timing and extent of fire and logging across mapped forest and woodland cover in different Ecological Vegetation Class (EVC) groups to quantify disturbance of the old growth forest and woodland estate in Victoria since 1995, including after the 2019–20 wildfires. We found ~77% of ol
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19

Moore, T. L., L. E. Valentine, M. D. Craig, G. E. StJ Hardy, and P. A. Fleming. "Do woodland birds prefer to forage in healthy Eucalyptus wandoo trees?" Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 3 (2013): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13045.

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Globally, many forests and woodlands are in decline. The marked loss of canopy foliage typical of these declines results in reduced foraging resources (e.g. nectar, pollen, and insects) and, subsequently, can reduce habitat quality for woodland birds. In south-west Western Australia, patches of Eucalyptus wandoo woodlands have shown a decline in condition since at least 2002. We investigated how changes in E. wandoo condition affect the woodland bird community. Foraging activities of three bird species were recorded for 20 sites in Dryandra State Forest and Wandoo Conservation Park either by c
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20

Watson, James, Alexander Watson, David Paull, and David Freudenberger. "Woodland fragmentation is causing the decline of species and functional groups of birds in southeastern Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 4 (2002): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030261.

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The clearance of woodlands and the simultaneous creation of alien environments have been identified as the primary reasons for the decline of many woodland birds in southeastern Australia. This study measured how the size of woodland remnants and habitat structural complexity affected bird composition and distribution in the northern Australian Capital Territory and bordering areas of New South Wales. Within this region only 8% of the original woodlands remain, embedded as patches in a matrix of pasture and suburbia. Woodland birds were surveyed in 72 woodland remnants of different size and ve
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21

Mesfin, Demamu, Belay Simane, Abrham Belay, John W. Recha, and Habitamu Taddese. "Woodland Cover Change in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Forests 11, no. 9 (2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090916.

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Woodlands, which are part of the landscape and an important source of livelihood for smallholders living in the environmentally vulnerable Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia, are experiencing rapid changes. Detecting and monitoring these changes is essential for better management of the resources and the benefits they provide to people. The study used a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the extent and pattern of woodland cover changes from 1973 to 2013. Pixel-based supervised image classification with maximum likelihood classification algorithm was used for
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22

Jana, Špulerová, Dobrovodská Marta, Šatalová Barbora, and Kanka Róbert. "Small Woodlands and Trees in Traditional Agricultural Landscapes of Slovakia." Journal of Landscape Ecology 10, no. 2 (2017): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2017-0014.

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Abstract The studies focused on distribution and characteristic of small woodlands and trees as a typical feature of traditional agricultural landscapes (TAL) in Slovakia are missing or are rather local. The source data for this study was obtained from the national inventory of TAL performed in 2010-2012 in Slovakia, where woody vegetation was considered as one of the landscape elements creating mosaic of TAL. Based on the types of woodland present, which endow the landscape with a distinctive character and structure, we have divided TAL into five subtypes: 1) TAL with low occurrence of woodla
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Lovis, William A., Kathryn C. Egan-Bruhy, Beverley A. Smith, and G. William Monaghan. "Wetlands and Emergent Horticultural Economies in the Upper Great Lakes: A New Perspective from the Schultz Site." American Antiquity 66, no. 4 (2001): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694176.

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The Schultz site (20SA2) is a benchmark site for understanding the Woodland adaptations of the Upper Great Lakes, although its older excavation data is not comparable with recent Eastern Woodlands research, which consistently uses fine-grained recovery techniques. The 1991 Schultz-site research collected supplementary and upgraded subsistence and environmental data to address questions about regional transformations from hunting and gathering to horticulture. In addition, questions regarding the role of aquatic and wetland resources, and how environmental change affected the availability and p
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Abensperg-Traun, Max, Lyn Atkins, Richard Hobbs, and Dion Steven. "Exotic plant invasion and understorey species richness: a comparison of two types of eucalypt woodland in agricultural Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 1 (1998): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980021.

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Exotic plants are a major threat to native plant diversity in Australia yet a generic model of the invasion of Australian ecosystems by exotic species is lacking because invasion levels differ with vegetation/soil type and environmental conditions. This study compared relative differences in exotic species invasion (percent cover, spp. richness) and the species richness of herbaceous native plants in two structurally very similar vegetation types, Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris and Wandoo E. capillosa woodlands in the Western Australian wheatbelt. For each woodland type, plant variables were measu
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Yates, Colin J., and Richard J. Hobbs. "Temperate Eucalypt Woodlands: a Review of Their Status, Processes Threatening Their Persistence and Techniques for Restoration." Australian Journal of Botany 45, no. 6 (1997): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96091.

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Temperate eucalypt woodlands were once widespread throughout southern Australia and Tasmania. Following European settlement, woodlands were cleared for agriculture, or grazed and converted to pasture. In the wheatbelts of south-western and south-eastern Australia, woodlands have been almost completely eliminated from the landscape with as little as 3% of some woodland types remaining. As a consequence, some temperate eucalypt woodland communities are amongst the most poorly conserved ecosystems in Australia. The main effect of widespread clearing and grazing has been the loss of habitat. This
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Abay, Nigus Gebremedhn, and Matiwos Belayhun Haylemariyam. "Assessment on Acacia Woodland Degradation in Dire-Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Regional Development 5, no. 1 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v5i1.12280.

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Dry woodlands are vegetation formations which comprise of scrubs, bush lands, thickets, wooded grasslands and dense woodlands. The largest share of Ethiopia’s landmass is categorized as dryland, experiencing moisture stress during most days of the year. Hence, lowland woodlands are the largest remaining forests in Ethiopia, covering an estimated 55 million ha (48-6 per cent) of land. Beyond the socio-economic and ecological importance of forests Ethiopia experienced rapid loss of woodland vegetation annually. At country level the loss is attributed to low level of standard of living of farming
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Day, Keith S., Lester D. Flake, and W. Lee Tucker. "Characteristics of wild turkey nest sites in a mixed-grass prairie–oak–woodland mosaic in the northern great plains, South Dakota." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 11 (1991): 2840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-400.

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Habitat characteristics potentially important to nest site selection were measured at 44 wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nests in a mixed-grass prairie–oak–woodland mosaic in south-central South Dakota during 1986 and 1987. Characteristics were compared between nest sites within woodland and grassland communities and with those of random sites within these respective communities by means of a median scores test (nonparametric). Almost all nests initiated in April were in woodland communities, whereas nests started after the 1 st week in May were primarily in grassland communities. Hens in wo
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Theobald, Mark R., Mark C. Milford, Mark K. J. Hargreaves, et al. "Potential for Ammonia Recapture by Farm Woodlands: Design and Application of a New Experimental Facility." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.338.

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There has been increasing pressure on farmers in Europe to reduce the emissions of ammonia from their land. Due to the current financial climate in which farmers have to operate, it is important to identify ammonia control measures that can be adopted with minimum cost. The planting of trees around farmland and buildings has been identified as a potentially effective and low-cost measure to enhance ammonia recapture at a farm level and reduce long-range atmospheric transport. This work assesses experimentally what fraction of ammonia farm woodlands could potentially remove from the atmosphere.
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Horňák, Ondřej, Andrej Mock, Bořivoj Šarapatka, and Ivan Hadrián Tuf. "Character of woodland fragments affects distribution of myriapod assemblages in agricultural landscape." ZooKeys 930 (April 28, 2020): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.48586.

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Fragments of woodland fulfil many irreplaceable functions in the agricultural landscape including being the main source of biodiversity of soil invertebrates. Due to intensive farming and land use changes, especially in the second half of the 20th century, fragments of woodland in agricultural landscape almost disappeared. This has led to a decrease in the diversity of invertebrates, especially those for which the presence of these woodland habitats in the landscape is a key element for survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of fragments of woodland (characterised by th
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M. Fisher, Andrew, and David C. Goldney. "Use by birds of riparian vegetation in an extensively fragmented landscape." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 3 (1997): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970275.

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The bird communities of six riparian woodland sites are described and compared with those of eight terrestrial woodland sites in the Central Tablelands near Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. Riparian woodland, where still present in the Central Tablelands, is dominated by either relatively narrow strips of Casuarina cunninghamiana along stream banks or the less restricted Angophora floribunda trees associated with Eucalyptus melliodora?E. blakelyi woodlands. Four of the riparian sites were located within cleared agricultural land and two were located within a relatively large nature reserv
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Beilharz, Lisa V., and Desley A. Whisson. "Habitat selection by two sympatric rodent species in an alpine resort." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (2016): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16078.

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Conservation of small mammal species relies on an understanding of their habitat use. We used trapping surveys and telemetry to examine habitat selection and use by the broad-toothed rat (Mastacomys fuscus mordicus) and the bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) in an alpine resort in Victoria. M. fuscus occurred at low numbers, nesting in subalpine wet heathland and foraging in that habitat as well as small patches of disturbed woodland. In contrast, R. fuscipes was more common and nested in woodlands. Although foraging primarily in woodlands, R. fuscipes also foraged in all other available habitats. Bot
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Abensperg-traun, M., G. W. Arnold, D. E. Steven, et al. "Biodiversity indicators in semi-arid, agricultural Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 4 (1995): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960375.

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The predicted future loss of native Australian species of plants and animals, in part as a result of adverse land management strategies, has led to attempts to identify areas of high biotic richness (numbers of species). Bioindicators are measures of the physical environment, or of a subset of the plants or animals, that best predict biotic richness. Ideally, bioindicators should aim at predicting as large a component of the plant or animal fauna as is possible at minimum cost. For two contrasting vegetation types, we examined remnant area, vegetation structural diversity, species richness of
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Broughton, Richard K., James M. Bullock, Charles George, et al. "Long-term woodland restoration on lowland farmland through passive rewilding." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252466.

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Natural succession of vegetation on abandoned farmland provides opportunities for passive rewilding to re-establish native woodlands, but in Western Europe the patterns and outcomes of vegetation colonisation are poorly known. We combine time series of field surveys and remote sensing (lidar and photogrammetry) to study woodland development on two farmland fields in England over 24 and 59 years respectively: the New Wilderness (2.1 ha) abandoned in 1996, and the Old Wilderness (3.9 ha) abandoned in 1961, both adjacent to ancient woodland. Woody vegetation colonisation of the New Wilderness was
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Urquhart, Julie, Paul Courtney, and Bill Slee. "Private woodland owners’ perspectives on multifunctionality in English woodlands." Journal of Rural Studies 28, no. 1 (2012): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.08.006.

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Hulbert, I. A. R., and B. Boag. "The potential role of habitat on intestinal helminths of mountain hares, Lepus timidus." Journal of Helminthology 75, no. 4 (2001): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0100052x.

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Over the last century in the uplands of Scotland, the extent of heather moorland which supports high densities of mountain hares Lepus timidus has diminished and has gradually been replaced by large-scale commercial forestry plantations or expanding natural woodlands. The potential impact of such a change in land use on host–parasite interactions was investigated by comparing the intensity and prevalence of infection of hares by parasites in two separate habitats: a large hare-fenced young forestry plantation and the adjacent open moorland. Carcasses were collected in November 1990 from within
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36

Cordeiro, Norbert J., and Mwangi Githiru. "Conservation evaluation for birds of Brachylaena woodland and mixed dry forest in north-east Tanzania." Bird Conservation International 10, no. 1 (2000): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000058.

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Three forest and woodland sites were surveyed in the lowlands of the East Usambara mountains, Tanzania, from August to October, 1996. Bombo East I and II Proposed Forest Reserves (PFR) and Bombo West FR were previously unknown biologically. Our fieldwork revealed several records of conservation interest. Four species of global conservation concern (Amani Sunbird Anthreptes pallidigaster, Southern Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus fasciolatus, Fischer's Turaco Tauraco fischeri and Plain-backed Sunbird Anthreptes reichenowi) were recorded, with a further seven species of regional concern. These sites
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Wright, Thomas E., Sabine Kasel, Michael Tausz, and Lauren T. Bennett. "Leaf traits of Eucalyptus arenacea (Myrtaceae) as indicators of edge effects in temperate woodlands of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 61, no. 5 (2013): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13061.

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Despite recent trends in using plant functional traits to describe ecosystem responses to environmental change, few studies have examined the capacity of traits to represent environmental variation for individual species at small spatial scales, such as across forest edges. We examined the utility of 12 easy-to-measure leaf traits (fresh weight to dry weight ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), osmolality, δ13C, δ15N, and concentrations of key nutrients) to detect edge effects on the function of a dominant woodland tree, Eucalyptus arenacea Marginson & Ladiges. The study included replicate E.
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Stone, Adam, and Tom Williamson. "‘Pseudo-Ancient Woodland’ and theAncient Woodland Inventory." Landscapes 14, no. 2 (2013): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1466203513z.00000000016.

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39

J. Grey, Merilyn, Michael F. Clarke, and Richard H. Loyn. "Influence of the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala on avian diversity and abundance in remnant Grey Box woodland." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 1 (1998): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980055.

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The abundance of an aggressive Australian honeyeater, the Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala, was reduced at four small (<8 ha) Grey Box Eucalyptus microcarpa woodland remnants by experimental removal. The diversity and abundance of small insectivorous and nectarivorous birds increased at three of the four sites (relative to matching control sites) over the twelve months following the removal of the Noisy Miners. The one exception occurred at a pair of sites where eucalypts began flowering at one site and finished at the other during the Noisy Miner removal period. These results, taken toge
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40

Rannestad, Meley Mekonen, and Tigist Araya Gessesse. "Deforestation and Subsequent Cultivation of Nutrient Poor Soils of Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania: Long Term Effect on Maize Yield and Soil Nutrients." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (2020): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104113.

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The miombo woodlands of Tanzania have continued to be subjected to deforestation due to mainly agricultural expansion. Knowledge of long-term productivity of the subsequent land use can help to evaluate the sustainability of the existing land management systems. We used both socioeconomic and soil survey data to assess maize yield and selected soil properties, respectively, with an increasing cultivation period since conversion from miombo woodland. Data on maize production was collected from 121 households in three villages, while soil sampling was undertaken on 15 plots in one of the study v
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Woinarski, JCZ, and SC Tidemann. "The Bird Fauna of a Deciduous Woodland in the Wet-Dry Tropics of Northern Australia." Wildlife Research 18, no. 4 (1991): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910479.

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Censuses of birds were made monthly from October 1986 to October 1987 in a deciduous woodland in the Australian Northern Territory. Additional limited counts of granivorous birds were made in March and April 1988. The woodland was selected for the study because it contains a population of the endangered Gouldian finch (Erythrua gouldiae). The species composition of birds was temporally unstable; this was associated with the marked wet-dry seasonality. For some foraging groups (e.g. nectarivores, foliage-gleaners), diversity was correlated with resource availability. Although the species compos
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French, K., B. Callaghan, and S. Hill. "Classifying endangered vegetation communities: a case study of Cumberland Plain Woodlands." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 2 (2000): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000120.

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Remnants of an endangered community, Cumberland Plain Woodlands on shale, were studied in order to 1) investigate the conflict between the needs of legislation to define parameters of protected communities in a precise manner and the spatial variation in communities, and 2) to define floristic groupings in the Cumberland Plain Woodlands based on all plant species. Sites previously classified as Grey Box Woodland, Grey Box Ironbark Woodland and Spotted Gum Woodland map units were surveyed and compared to the same classification applied by one of the authors. Differences were evident, but both c
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Middleton, Barry, and Laura Norman. "Remote Sensing Analysis to Quantify Change in Woodland Canopy Cover on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, Arizona, USA (1935 vs. 2017)." Land 10, no. 4 (2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040393.

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Since the late 1800s, pinyon–juniper woodland across the western U.S. has increased in density and areal extent and encroached into former grassland areas. The San Carlos Apache Tribe wants to gain qualitative and quantitative information on the historical conditions of their tribal woodlands to use as a baseline for restoration efforts. At the San Carlos Apache Reservation, in east-central Arizona, large swaths of woodlands containing varying mixtures of juniper (Juniperus spp.), pinyon (Pinus spp.) and evergreen oak (Quercus spp.) are culturally important to the Tribe and are a focus for res
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Recher, Harry F., and William E. Davis Jr. "Response of birds to a wildfire in the Great Western Woodlands, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 4 (2013): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130188.

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In December 2005, a wildfire burnt a large area of semi-arid eucalypt woodland along ~10 km of the Norseman- Coolgardie Road north of Norseman in the Great Western Woodlands (GWW), Western Australia. Few birds used the burnt area in the first year after the fire and these were mainly ground and shrub foraging insectivores. There was no influx of seed-eaters or open-country species as reported for post-fire habitats elsewhere in southern Australia. The greatest number of individuals and species of birds occurred in the second year post-fire when ground and shrub vegetation was floristically mos
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Ellis, Nevershi, Uma Karki, Bidur Paneru, and Lila B. Karki. "92 Health and Performance of Ewes in Woodland and Silvopasture Systems." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.035.

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Abstract The health and performance of small ruminants can be influenced by the type of vegetation available in the grazing lands, which are evolving from conventional sole pastures to other systems containing browse species, such as pastures incorporated with browse, silvopastures, and woodlands. However, how the type of grazing lands would impact animal performance and health is not documented well. The objective of this study was to determine the health and performance of ewe lambs in southern-pine silvopastures and woodlands. The study site consisted of pine silvopastures (3 plots, 0.4-ha
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Ellis, Nevershi, Uma Karki, Bidur Paneru, and Lila B. Karki. "93 Health and Performance of Ewes in Woodland and Silvopasture Systems." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.164.

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Abstract The health and performance of small ruminants can be influenced by the type of vegetation available in the grazing lands, which are evolving from conventional sole pastures to other systems containing browse species, such as pastures incorporated with browse, silvopastures, and woodlands. However, how the type of grazing lands would impact animal performance and health is not documented well. The objective of this study was to determine the health and performance of ewe lambs in southern-pine silvopastures and woodlands. The study site consisted of pine silvopastures (3 plots, 0.4-ha
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47

Wolf, Mosheh, and George O. Batzli. "Increased prevalence of bot flies (Cuterebra fontinella) on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) near forest edges." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 1 (2001): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-185.

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Several studies have suggested that forest edge is preferred habitat for white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Because previous research has shown that parasitism by bot flies (Cuterebra fontinella) is higher in open areas than in woodlands, lower rates of infestation at woodland edges could partly explain the greater preference for woodland edges by the mice. We recorded the prevalence and load of bot fly larvae in mice trapped along edge-to-interior gradients in four forested areas in east-central Illinois. At all sites the prevalence of bot flies (the proportion of infected adult mice) w
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Łaszewski, Maksym, and Wojciech Kiryła. "The influence of riparian woodlands on the thermal conditions of small lowland streams during the summer." Forest Research Papers 79, no. 3 (2018): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2018-0023.

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Abstract Riparian woodlands significantly affect the water quality of streams and rivers. Thus, we examined whether the presence of woodlands in riparian buffer zones also impacts the thermal characteristics of lowland streams during the summer. Water temperature data were recorded with digital temperature loggers located in eight quasi-natural sites across the Garwolin Plain in central Poland. The mean, maximum, minimum, and mean daily range parameters were calculated for the whole study period from July to September 2017 with a 30 min. resolution. The percentage of woodlands in the catchment
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MATSIKA, RUWADZANO, BAREND F. N. ERASMUS, and WAYNE C. TWINE. "A tale of two villages: assessing the dynamics of fuelwood supply in communal landscapes in South Africa." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 1 (2012): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000264.

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SUMMARYFuelwood is the dominant source of energy used by most rural households in southern Africa to meet daily domestic energy requirements. Due to limited financial resources, most rural households are unable to make the transition to electricity thus they remain dependant on the woodlands surrounding their settlements as a source of cheap energy. Unsustainable fuelwood harvesting due to increasing demand as a result of growing human populations may result in environmental degradation particularly in the high-density, communal savannah woodlands of South Africa. Evaluating the sustainability
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Andrews, Anne. "Woodland Mushrooms." Field Mycology 3, no. 1 (2002): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1468-1641(10)60129-6.

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