Relevant bibliographies by topics / Offa

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Academic literature on the topic 'Offa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Offa"

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Harris, Samuel, Michele Sterling, Scott F. Farrell, Ashley Pedler, and Ashley D. Smith. "The influence of isometric exercise on endogenous pain modulation: comparing exercise-induced hypoalgesia and offset analgesia in young, active adults." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 18, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2017-0177.

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Abstract Background and aims Impairment of endogenous analgesia has been associated with the development, maintenance and persistence of pain. Endogenous analgesia can be evaluated using exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and offset analgesia (OffA) paradigms, which measure temporal filtering of sensory information. It is not clear if these paradigms are underpinned by common mechanisms, as EIH and OffA have not previously been directly compared. A further understanding of the processes responsible for these clinically relevant phenomena may have future diagnostic and therapeutic utility in management of individuals with persistent pain conditions. The primary aim of this study was to investigate if there is a correlation between the magnitudes of EIH and OffA. The secondary aim of the study was to examine whether exercise influences OffA. Methods Thirty-six healthy, pain-free participants were recruited. EIH was evaluated using pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and pain ratings to suprathreshold pressure stimuli over tibialis anterior and the cervical spine. OffA evaluation utilised a three-step protocol, whereby individualised heat pain thermal stimuli [Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)=50/100] were applied (T1), before increasing 1 °C (T2), followed by 1 °C reduction (T3). The magnitude of OffA was calculated as the percentage reduction in the NRS from T2 to T3. PPT/suprathreshold pain ratings and OffA measures were recorded, before and after 5 min of isometric quadriceps exercise performed at 20–25% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC); and following a 15 min rest period. Data were analysed using repeated measures (RM) ANCOVA and correlational analyses. Results There was no correlation between EIH measures (PPTs or pain ratings to suprathreshold pressure stimuli over tibialis anterior or the cervical spine) and OffA (p>0.11 for all). OffA was induced and not modulated by exercise (p=0.28). Conclusions Five minutes of 20–25% MVC lower limb isometric exercise provided non-pharmacological pain modulation in young, active adults. Magnitude of EIH was not correlated with that of OffA, and exercise did not influence magnitude of OffA. Implications These results suggest that in young, pain-free individuals, separate testing of these two paradigms is required to comprehensively evaluate efficacy of endogenous analgesia. If these results are replicated in patient populations, alternative or complementary methods to exercise interventions may be required to modulate impaired OffA.
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ADERIBIGBE, Ezekiel Jesusanu, Felix OLADELA, Clement OGUNKUNLE, and Olamide FOLARIN. "Eco-distribution of Vitellaria paradoxa (G.F. Gaertn) in Kwara State, Nigeria." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9410072.

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The conservation status of Vitellaria paradoxa in Kwara state was studied. The frequency ranged from 20% at Offa and Ilofa to100% at Jebba and Kaiama, as the shea tree occurred twice in the ten sampling points at Offa and Ilofa, but occurred in all sampled sites at Jebba and Kaiama. The highest tree mean density of 34 trees/ha was noted at Kaiama and the lowest at Offa 4 trees/ha. The overall mean densities of the species was 13.33 trees/ha. These show that Vitellaria paradoxa trees were more conserved towards the Northern part of the state than the Southern part. The majority of the trees were between (21-30 cm) diameter class, which indicated that they were saplings and very few were around (<10 cm) diameter class. The results showed low population of seedlings in the state, especially at the Northern part of the state. This might be due to trees’ removal for farming activities, uncontrolled incessant bush burning and trampling by grazing live stocks in the areas.
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Palfreyman *, David. "Does OFFA have teeth?" Education and the Law 16, no. 4 (December 2004): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0953996042000339288.

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Terwilliger, T. C. "MAD phasing: Bayesian estimates ofFA." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444993008224.

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Adewumi, S. O. and Mahmud, H. U. "ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND RETURN OF SWEET POTATO PRODUCTION IN OFFA LGA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v6i1.389.

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Offa is the second largest town in Kwara State, located in central Nigeria with geographic coordinates 8'9N 4'43E. With a population of about 120,100 inhabitants. Located in a savanna vegetation region, Offa is well known for cultivation of sweet potatoes and maize. Offa LGA was purposively selected as it is the major sweet potato producing areas in the State. A two-stage sampling procedure was used in random selection of 120 sweet potato farmers for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary technique. The results showed that the estimated costs and return for one hectare of sweet potatoes enterprises were ₦64,100.00 and ₦121,700.00, respectively, with the labour cost having the highest share of 39.78% of total cost followed by seed cost (11.7%) and fertilizer cost (10.06%). The profit margin percentage of 47.3% and return per capital outlay of 0.9 was noted, impliedly that for every ₦1 invested in sweet potato production enterprise there is a return of ₦0.90k to the enterprise. An operating cash expenses ratio of 39.5% was obtained along with benefit cost ratio (BCR) of ₦1.89k implying that the enterprise is profitable even with little capital invested into it. A positive gross margin (₦73,600) and net farm income (₦57,600) was also obtained indicating a profitable sweet potato production enterprise. The study concluded that with the values of all the performance indicator used, sweet potato enterprise could be said to be profitable, and profitability can still be increased under improved management practices.
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Peacock, D. P. S. "Charlemagne's black stones: the re-use of Roman columns in early medieval Europe." Antiquity 71, no. 273 (September 1997): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00085434.

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What were the ‘black stones’ about which Charlemagne wrote to King Offa of Mercia just before AD 800? How do these special blocks fit into the broader pattern in re-using Roman columns in early medieval buildings?
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KORNICKER, LOUIS S. "Authorship and publication date of the Palaeozoic genera Cypridinella, Cypridellina, Sulcuna, Rhombina, and Offa (Ostracoda: Myodocopa)." Zootaxa 1125, no. 1 (February 10, 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1125.1.2.

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Authorship and publication date of the Palaeozoic genera Cypridinella, Cypridellina, Rhombina, Sulcuna, and Offa have been attributed in the literature to either Jones 1873a, Jones & Kirkby, 1874, or Jones, Kirkby, and Brady, 1874, or 1884 (see Kornicker, 2001). Kornicker (2001) concluded that the correct authorship and publication date of the five genera are Jones, 1873a. Becker (2004) disputed this and argued that the correct authorship and publication date of the first four genera are Jones and Kirkby, 1874 (Offa not mentioned), centering his argument on the genus Sulcuna. On June 10, 2005, I forwarded a request to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) requesting a ruling on the identity of the author of the Palaeozoic genus Sulcuna. An answering letter received in August 2005 from the ICZN Secretariat (Fig. 1) stated that Jones (1873a) should be credited as the author of the genus Sulcuna.
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Ojulari, Lekan Sheriff, Kabir Taiye Abubakar, and Bamidele Victor Owoyele. "Haemtological Parameters of Residents of Offa, KWARA State." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 2 (May 13, 2013): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14947.

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Objectives: This study aims to study some hematologic parameters, here, the packed cell volume (PCV), the red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration (HC) and white blood cell (WBC) count in residents of Offa in Kwara state, Nigeria. Methods: Blood samples of healthy male and female Offa indigenes were analyzed for RBC count, PCV, HC and WBC count. Results: The mean HC was 14.6 and 13.71 g/dl of blood, for both males and females respectively, while the mean PCV was 43.1% and 40.4% for both males and females, respectively. The mean RBC count for males was 5.45 x 166 cells per mm3 while that of females was 4.55 x 106 / mm3. Conclusion: All values investigated were lower than that for Caucasians. The probable causes of the differences between the above values as compared to those of the western world were also discussed. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April’13 Page 180-185 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14947
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TAIWO, A. A., E. A. ADEBOWALE, A. O. AKINSOYINU, and J. F. D. GREENHALGH. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF FOUR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) SHEEP." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 22, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v22i1.2033.

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Feedblocks, poultry manure diet, gliricidia: leucaena mixture (1:1 W/W) and maize offal diet were compared as sources of protein supplements for WAD sheep fed a basal diet of elephant grass hay (Pennisetum purpureum), through a 12-week performance and digestibility study. Dry matter and organic matter intakes (DMI, OMI) of the sheep were higher (P0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on the other diets. DMI on poultry manure and maize offal diets were not significant (P0.05). Organic matter intake (OMI) of the animals followed the same trend as DMI. Sheep fed legume supplements excelled in intakes of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P>0.05). Intakes of CP and ADF by sheep on the other supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05). Sheep fed on feedblock supplement consumed the least amount. (P0.05) of NDF. Variations were observed in DM,OM, and NDF digestibilities by sheep on maize offal, poultry manure and legumes supplements. Crude protein digestibility in the legumes and feedblocks supplements was higher (P0.05) than with the other two supplements. All the sheep used gained weights but those on maize offa' diet recorded higher (P0.05). weight gain (86.57g) than those on browse leaves (59.40g), feedblocks (47.80g) and poultry manure (40.44g). Rumen pH was lower (P<0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on other diets. Total VFA recorded for sheep on maize offal diet and legumes supplements was higher (P<0.05) than for the other two supplements. Blood urea nitrogen of the supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05)
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Jesus, Luis M. T., Joana Martinez, Andreia Hall, and Aníbal Ferreira. "Acoustic Correlates of Compensatory Adjustments to the Glottic and Supraglottic Structures in Patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/704121.

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The goal of this study was to analyse perceptually and acoustically the voices of patients with Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis (UVFP) and compare them to the voices of normal subjects. These voices were analysed perceptually with the GRBAS scale and acoustically using the following parameters: mean fundamental frequency (F0), standard-deviation ofF0, jitter (ppq5), shimmer (apq11), mean harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), mean first (F1) and second (F2) formants frequency, and standard-deviation ofF1 andF2 frequencies. Statistically significant differences were found in all of the perceptual parameters. Also the jitter, shimmer, HNR, standard-deviation ofF0, and standard-deviation of the frequency ofF2 were statistically different between groups, for both genders. In the male data differences were also found inF1 andF2 frequencies values and in the standard-deviation of the frequency ofF1. This study allowed the documentation of the alterations resulting from UVFP and addressed the exploration of parameters with limited information for this pathology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Offa"

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Reader, Rebecca. "Matthew Paris and Anglo-Saxon England : a thirteenth-century vision of the distant past." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/970/.

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Halai, Tatsiana. "Parent company influence on spin-off performance." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4934.

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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Empresariais
Nesta tese de mestrado procurou-se analisar a influência da empresa-mãe no desempenho das spin-off. Definiram-se questões de pesquisa de modo a descobrir as razões da criação de spin-off, para compreender os tipos de relações spin-off e o apoio da empresa “mãe” às spin-off no período de pós-spin, bem como identificar os tipos de recursos e conhecimentos, transferências e fazer avaliação do desempenho das spin-off após s sua criação. A fim de encontrar respostas às questões de pesquisa, realizou-se um estudo exploratória, de design qualitativo, recorrendo-se, poisteriormente, à análise quantitativa e descritiva dos dados. O estudo qualitativo foi desenvolvido com o recurso a entrevistas a sete entrevistados, ocupando cargos administrativos e de gestão em empresas de spin-off de EUA e Canadá.Análise, relizando-se uma análise de conteúdo dos dados. O estudo quantitatico recorreu à análise dos rácios financeiros e relatórios de contas sobre o desempenho spin-off.. Durante a análise dos questionários constatou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados mencionaram a maximização de valor ao acionista como a principal razão da criação de spin-off. Apesar da spin-off ser considerada na literatura como entidade independente, 3 das 7 spin-offs foram consideradas dependentes das suas empresas-mãe em recursos, conhecimento e serviços, enquanto empresa-mãe desempenhava um papel de 'manager', 'fornecedor » e « distribuidor » para spin-off. Maioria dos spin-offs recebeu ajuda da empresa-mãe sob a forma de dinheiro, funcionários e gestão. De entre o conhecimento que foi transferido da empresa-mae para a spin-off, destaca-se o pessoal gestão, técnico, tecnológico, marketing, produção e propriedade intelectual. Com base na análise dos rácios financeiros foi descoberto que a performance da spin-off, que não está relacionada com a empresa mãe, desde o ano de separação, pois continua a gerar perda líquida, apesar de que empresa-mãe de spin- off ainda partilhar com a a spin-off recursos e pessoal. A análise de desempenho com base nos indicadores financeiros da spin-off permitiu concluir que o desempenho spin-off tinha vindo a melhorar ligeiramente desde a separação da empresa-mãe. O serviço financeiro da spin-off tem ambições de se tornar um dos líderes no setor financeiro.
In this master thesis was made investigation of parent company’s influence on spin-off performance. Research questions were created in order to find out the reasons of spin-off creation, to define types of spin-off and parent-spin-off relationships in the post-spin-off period, to identify types of resources and knowledge, parent transfers to spin-off and to make evaluation of spin-off in post-spin-off performance. In order to find answer on created research questions qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis were used. Qualitative analysis implemented in the form of open-ended questionnaires was answered by 7 respondents, holding administrative and managerial positions in spin-off companies of USA and Canada. Quantitative analysis was made through financial ratios analysis of financial service and energy spin-off performance. During analysis of questionnaires was found that majority of respondents mentioned shareholder value maximization as the main reason of spin-off creation. Despite the fact, that spin-off considered in the literature like independent entity, 3 of 7 spin-offs were found dependent on their parent companies in resources, knowledge and services, while parent company was in a role of ‘manager’, ‘supplier’ and ‘distributor’ for spin-off. Majority of spin-offs got help from parent in the form of cash, employees and management. Among knowledge that was transferred from parent to spin-off was mentioned managerial, technical, technological, marketing, production and intellectual property. Based on the financial ratios performance analysis of energy spin-off was found out that energy spin-off, unrelated to its parent , since the year of separation continue to generate net loss, despite those fact that parent company of spin-off still shares with it resource and personnel. Based on financial ratio performance analysis of financial service spin-off was found out that spin-off performance had been improving slightly since separation from parent. Financial service spin-off have plans to become one of the leaders in the financial industry.
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Kakar, Adarsh Kumar. "Feature selection for evolutionary commercial-off-the-shelf software| Studies focusing on time-to-market, innovation and hedonic-utilitarian trade-offs." Thesis, The University of Alabama, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596169.

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Feature selection is one of the most important decisions made by product managers. This three article study investigates the concepts, tools and techniques for making trade-off decisions of introducing new features in evolving Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software products. The first article investigates the efficacy of various feature selection techniques when the trade-off is between comprehensiveness and time-to-market. The second article investigates the impact of current level of product performance when the trade-off is between providing different types of innovative features to the users. The third article investigates the impact on the ability of the COTS product to attract new users and retain existing users when the trade-off is between providing utilitarian and hedonic value through new product features.

To meet these research goals an extensive multidisciplinary study of Information Systems (IS) and Product Development literatures was conducted followed by experimental research. The experiments were conducted among youth between 19-24 years who were users of Gmail software and produced some key findings.

In the first study the Kano survey method was found to be effective in identifying those features which added value to the product and those that did not. This finding will facilitate product managers in using appropriate techniques for identifying the critical product features to be built into the COTS product thereby reducing time-to-market without sacrificing product quality. In the second study, current COTS product performance was found to significantly impact the type of innovation to be introduced into the COTS product. Basic or Core product innovations were found to have value for the users when performance is low but not when the performance is high. On the other hand, Expected or product Performance innovations and Augmented or user Excitement innovations were found to have value when the performance is high but not when the performance is low. In the third study, Hedonic value and Utilitarian value of product features were found to have distinctive impact on users. While Hedonic value impacted Word-of-Mouth, a measure of the products' capacity to attract new customers, Utilitarian value impacted User Loyalty, a measure of the products' capacity to retain existing customers.

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Powers, Eric A. (Eric Allen) 1964. "Corporate restructuring : an analysis of spin-offs, sell-offs and equity carve-outs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95547.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, February 1999.
"September 1998."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-157).
by Eric A. Powers.
Ph.D.
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Harman, Jason L. "Goals and Trade-Offs: Goal-Relative Valuation and Trade-Offs in Human Choice." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1343879157.

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Olsen, Mary W., and Deborah Young. "Damping Off." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144802.

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2 pp.
Originally published: 1998
Damping off is caused by several different fungi under different environmental conditions. The fungi include Pythium, Rhizoctonia solani, and Thielaviopsis basicola. This article discusses the symptoms, environmental conditions, diseases, prevention and control methods for the damping-off caused by fungi.
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Amaral, Juliana Ventura. "Trade-offs de custos logísticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-12112012-142501/.

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Ao longo das últimas décadas, a crescente pressão competitiva vem ampliando a necessidade de empenho integrado da logística para melhorar, conjuntamente, o atendimento aos consumidores e a lucratividade. O atendimento aos clientes pede o oferecimento de nível de serviço que maximize as utilidades de tempo e de lugar e a busca pela geração de lucros reconhece que a logística, ao oferecer o nível de serviço definido, deve minimizar seu custo total. O custo total logístico não responde às normais técnicas de corte de custos: os custos logísticos movem-se em diferentes direções e a redução de um custo invariavelmente conduz ao aumento de outros custos ou à diminuição do serviço oferecido ao cliente. Como consequência, os profissionais logísticos precisam identificar e explorar os trade-offs de custos logísticos para encontrar e sustentar o balanço entre os custos incorridos e o serviço oferecido. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente dissertação foi verificar se os profissionais logísticos: (1) têm conhecimento dos trade-offs de custos logísticos e (2) avaliam os trade-offs de custos logísticos, ao desenharem e implementarem suas soluções. Para atingir esses objetivos, este trabalho caracterizou as atividades logísticas e seus respectivos elementos de custos, explorou o conceito do custo total e sua utilização na determinação das soluções, identificou os trade-offs de custos existentes entre as atividades logísticas, e apresentou e exemplificou modelos de mensuração dos impactos econômico-financeiros dos trade-offs. Tomando esse arcabouço teórico como base, os constructos e o questionário foram definidos. O questionário foi aplicado a profissionais logísticos das maiores empresas brasileiras industriais e comerciais, segundo a Revista Exame Melhores e Maiores do ano base 2010, e 73 respostas foram obtidas. Os resultados indicaram que os profissionais logísticos sabem que os trade-offs de custos logísticos existem, mas não têm clara a percepção que o custo total é determinado por esses trade-offs e que a redução individual dos custos pode aumentá-lo e não diminuí-lo. A pesquisa também evidenciou que a avaliação dos trade-offs é enfatizada em soluções de grande amplitude e que há uma defasagem entre as informações contábeis necessárias e as informações efetivamente recebidas. Foram também expostos fatores associados ao conhecimento e à avaliação dos trade-offs e elaborados mapas perceptuais que articularam os setores econômicos a esses constructos.
In recent decades, competitive pressures have been enhancing the need for an integrated effort of logistics to improve customer satisfaction and company\'s profit. Customer satisfaction demands a service level that maximizes time and place utility and the search for profit acknowledges that logistics, at a given customer service level, should minimize its total cost. Total cost does not respond to usual cost-cutting techniques: logistics costs move in different directions and reductions in one cost invariably increase other costs or decrease the customer service level. Consequently, logistics professionals need to identify and explore logistics cost trade-offs to find and sustain the right balance of cost and service. In this context, the goal of this master\'s thesis was to verify if logistics professionals: (1) know the logistics cost trade-offs and (2) analyze trade-offs when they design and implement a solution. To achieve these objectives, this work characterized logistics activities and their costs, explored total cost concept and its application in solutions design, identified cost trade-offs among logistics activities, and presented and exemplified models to measure economic and financial impacts of trade-offs. Based on this theoretical framework, the constructs and the questionnaire were defined. The questionnaire was applied to logistics professionals of the largest Brazilian commercial and industrial firms in the base year 2010, according to \"Revista Exame Melhores e Maiores\", and 73 answers were obtained. The results showed that logistics professionals know that logistics cost trade-offs exist, but do not have a clear understanding that total cost is determined by these trade-offs and that individual cost-cutting techniques may lead to greater costs. Furthermore, the results have also revealed that tradeoff analysis is emphasized in wide range solutions and that there is a considerable gap between the required accounting information and that one offered. Finally, factors associated with trade-offs knowledge and analysis were shown and perceptual maps articulating economic sectors to these constructs were elaborated.
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Valente, Fernando Manuel. "Spin-offs académicas em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9849.

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Doutoramento em Gestão
A literatura de empreendedorismo académico tem abordado uma grande diversidade de temas, nomeadamente: (i) estudos sobre o papel dos governos em processos de spin-off incluindo formas de apoiar a sua criação e desenvolvimento como mecanismo para transferir conhecimento para o mercado; (ii) estudos sobre o papel das universidades no processo de transferência de conhecimento, tais como as formas de incentivar a criação e desenvolvimento de novas empresas pelos académicos e a avaliação da sua eficácia como mecanismo de transferência de conhecimento; (iii) e, estudos sobre a criação de novas empresas (start-up), com diversas vertentes de investigação, tais como o papel das políticas das universidades na criação, desenvolvimento e relativo desempenho das spin-offs, o papel das equipas de fundadores ou os fatores que influenciam a criação e o desempenho das start-ups. Estas novas empresas são um importante mecanismo de transferência de conhecimento, mas reconhecidamente a sua taxa de sobrevivência/desempenho é baixa ainda que comparativamente com outras tipologias de novas empresas possa ser relativamente mais alta. Apesar da sua importância na transferência de conhecimento são ainda relativamente escassos os estudos sobre este mecanismo que necessita de ser melhor compreendido. Esta foi uma das razões que nos levou a escolher como foco central desta tese o estudo dos principais fatores que podem influenciar o desempenho das spin-offs académicas e complementarmente em melhorar a compreensão de como as universidades e em particular as políticas públicas de apoio incidem sobre estes mesmos fatores. Neste sentido foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a influência da produção e transferência/conversão de conhecimento na criação de condições base para despoletar o processo de spin-offs académicas. Escolhemos centrar a investigação nas condições/fatores que parecem estar associadas ao desenvolvimento/desempenho a este tipo de empresas nos seus estágios iniciais e complementarmente tentar compreender se as políticas públicas têm em conta esses fatores. Trata-se de empresas com especificidades próprias vulgarmente denominados spin-offs académicas (ASO – Academic Spin-off, sigla utilizada por alguns autores na língua inglesa que doravante adotaremos) que nesta tese são consideradas novas empresas criadas por estudantes investigadores e professores com o objetivo de explorar comercialmente o conhecimento, tecnologia ou resultados de investigação desenvolvidos pelos próprios na sua atividade de investigação na universidade, financiada por fundos públicos. Com base nas perspetivas teóricas da teoria baseada nos recursos (TBR), teoria do capital humano (TCH) e teoria do empreendedorismo (TE), a presente investigação pretende contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento teórico e empírico sobre as ASO. Este estudo analisa a influência dos recursos tecnológicos, dos recursos financeiros, do capital humano e dos apoios não financeiros no desempenho das ASO. Assim, esta tese pretende responder aos seguintes objetivos de investigação: i) desenvolver um modelo abrangente de análise dos fatores com influência no desempenho das ASO; ii) analisar a incidência das políticas públicas sobre os fatores que influenciam positivamente o desempenho das ASO. Este estudo adota uma abordagem abrangente (sem ser holística) testando os efeitos individuais dos fatores que consideramos mais importantes no desempenho das ASO. As hipóteses foram testadas através de uma combinação de dados recolhidos por questionário através de entrevista e por dados secundários obtidos numa ampla diversidade de fontes para 42 ASO Portuguesas criadas entre os anos de 2005 e 2008. Esta tese encontrou suporte empírico para a correlação positiva entre os recursos tecnológicos (patentes, investimento em I&D, relacionamento com instituição de origem) e o desempenho das ASO. De modo idêntico foi também encontrado suporte empírico para a correlação positiva entre os recursos financeiros (capital próprio e subsídios públicos) e o desempenho das ASO. Adicionalmente foi encontrado suporte empírico para explicar a relação entre diversas características do capital humano das equipas de fundadores (grau académico, diversidade de formação académica, formação profissional em gestão e empreendedorismo, experiência laboral prévia global, em gestão, comercial e empreendedora e dimensão das equipas de fundadores) e o desempenho das ASO. Nesta dimensão embora maioritariamente a relação das diferentes variáveis testadas seja positiva e significativa, excetua-se a dimensão das equipas onde essa relação não é estatisticamente significativa. Esta tese também encontrou suporte empírico para a influência dos apoios não financeiros (apoio a incubação, apoio de consultoria, apoio ao plano de negócios e apoio à prova de conceito) no desempenho das ASO. O apoio a consultoria e à prova de conceito estão relacionados de forma positiva e estatisticamente significativa com o desempenho. O apoio de incubação tendo uma relação positiva com o desempenho não é estatisticamente significativa e o plano de negócios apresenta um comportamento misto.
Academic entrepreneurship literature has been addressing a wide array of subjects, including: (i) studies on the role of governments in spin-off processes including ways to support its establishment and development as a mechanism to transfer knowledge to the market; (ii) studies on the role of universities in the process of transferring knowledge, such as ways to encourage the creation and development of new companies by academics and the evaluation of its effectiveness as a mechanism of transferring knowledge; (iii), and studies on the creation of new companies (start-up), with several scopes of research, such as the role of policies of universities in the creation, development and relative performance of spin-offs, the role of founders or the factors that influence the creation and performance of start-ups. These new companies are an important mechanism for transferring knowledge, but their performance/survival rate is considered low, even though it may be relatively higher when compared to other types of new companies. Despite of their importance in knowledge transfer, there are still few studies on this mechanism, which demands further understanding. This was one of the reasons that led to choose the study of the major factors which can influence the performance of academic spin-offs as the central focus of this thesis, as well improve understanding of how universities and, particularly, public support policies and its incidence on these type of factors. In this sense, the study comprised a review of literature on the influence of production and transfer/conversion of knowledge in the creation of basic conditions which may trigger the process of academic spin-offs. The study is thus focus research on the conditions/factors which appear to be associated with the development/performance of such companies in their early stages and additionally try to understand if public policies take into account these factors. These companies with specific characteristics are commonly called Academic spin-offs (ASO - Academic Spin-off, acronym used by some authors in English which will be adopted onwards), which, for the purpose of this thesis, are considered new companies created by research students and lecturers in order to commercially exploit knowledge, technology or research results, developed by them in their research activity at the university, funded by public incentives. Based on the theoretical perspectives of resource-based theory (RBV), human capital theory (HCT) and theory of entrepreneurship (TE), this research aims to increase the theoretical and empirical knowledge about the ASOs. This study analyzes the influence of technological resources, financial resources, human capital and non-financial support on the performance of the ASOs. Hence, this thesis aims to answer the following research objectives: i) develop a comprehensive model of analysis of the factors which influence the performance of the ASOs; ii) analyze the incidence of public policies on the factors which positively influence the performance of the ASOs. This study takes a comprehensive approach (without being holistic), testing the individual effects of the factors considered most important in the performance of ASOs. The hypotheses were tested through a combination of data collected by questionnaire through interviews and secondary data obtained from a wide variety of sources for forty-two Portuguese ASOs created between the years 2005 and 2008. This thesis has found empirical support for the positive correlation between the technological resources (patents, R&D investment, and relationship with home institution) and the performance of the ASOs. Similarly, it was also found empirical support for the positive correlation between financial resources (equity and public subsidies) and the performance of the ASOs. Additionally it was found empirical support to explain the relationship between various characteristics of the human capital of the founding teams (academic degree, diversity of academic training, management and entrepreneurship training, global prior work experience in management, business and entrepreneurial and size of founding teams) and the performance of the ASOs. In this dimension, although the relationship of different variables tested is mainly positive and significant, the size of the teams presents contrary results, whereas this relationship is not statistically significant. This thesis also found empirical support for the influence of non-financial support (support for incubation, consulting support, support to the business plan and proof of concept) on the performance of the ASOs. Consultancy support and proof of concept are related positively and statistically significant with the performance. The incubation support, although having a positive relationship with performance, is not statistically significant, and the business plan presents a mixed behavior.
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Sundararajan, Mukund. "Trade-offs in cost sharing /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Onyia, Chukwuebuka Louis. "Nanogrid For Renewable Off-GridSystem : Nanogrid For Renewable Off-GridSystem." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423979.

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Power grids utilize large central generating stations which entails the use of long transmission lines to deliver power to consumers. This approach poses some challenges such as line loses and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission into the environment from the burning of fossil fuels from such large generators. There is also little or no availability of electricity in the rural and isolated areas where the supply of power from the national grid may be considered uneconomical. Distributed generation proffers solutions to these challenges by generating power close to the point of consumption. A nanogrid is an important aspect of distributed generation in which electricity is generated for a single building. Nanogrids usually employ renewable sources of power such as solar and wind energy to generate electricity. Hence, reducing carbon dioxide emission. Also due to the versatility of nanogrids, people in the rural areas can generate their own electricity. However, the intermittent supply of power due to the variations of wind speed during the entire course of a day poses a major challenge in the use of nanogrids. This thesis focuses on the study of the interaction of the savonius wind turbine in an existing nanogrid with a particular load so as to have a better understanding of how the wind turbine parameters such as the wind speed and Tip Speed Ratio can affect the power generated from the turbine.This is achieved by modelling and measuring the power absorption of the savonius wind turbine operating in the nanogrid. From the results obtained in this project, it is glaring that the wind speed and Tip Speed Ratio of the wind turbine play a vital role in the total power harvested from the turbine. If the rotor blades spin too slowly, the wind will pass through the gap between the blades and no power will be generated. Whereas when the blades spin too fast, they act like a shield against the wind speed, creating turbulence in the air as they spin and so when the incoming blade arrives too fast, it hits the turbulent air created by the blade before it and thus, no power will also be generated in this situation. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to design the wind turbine with an optimal Tip Speed Ratio to obtain maximum power from the turbine and thus, improve the reliability and efficiency of the nanogrid technology.
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Books on the topic "Offa"

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Bevan, Alun Wyn. Clawdd Offa: Offa's Dyke. Llandysul: Wasg Gomer, 2009.

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Offer, Clifford. King Offa in Hitchin. Hitchin: C. Offer, 1992.

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Burbidge, Andrew. In the name Offa Arthur. Market Harborough: Andrew Burbidge, 1999.

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Chick, Derek. The coinage of Offa and his contemporaries. London: Spink, 2010.

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Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Education. Views of the government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on the visitation panel report into the affairs of the Federal Polytechnic Offa, 1988-98. Lagos: Federal Government Printer, 1999.

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Horne, Rick. Get offa my case!: Godly parenting of an angry, defiant teen. Wapwallopen, Pa: Shepherd Press, 2011.

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Longe, Olamide. Olorun Ku'se: The unquantifiable life of Adesoye Asiwaju of Offa, 1938-2017. Kaduna, Nigeria: Total Impact Publishing House, 2018.

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Hill, David, 1937 July 15- and Worthington Margaret, eds. Aethelbald and Offa: Two eighth-century kings of Mercia : papers from a conference held in Manchester in 2000, Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2005.

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E, Körner, Great Britain. Dept. of Health and Social Security. Steering Groupon Health Services Information., National Health Service Training Authority., and Great Britain. Dept. of Health and Social Security., eds. User's guide to statistics about the clinical activity of departments and services provided a. on a hospital site and b. on or offa hospital site. London: National Health Service Training Authority, 1985.

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Sikorsky, Robert. Rip-off, tip-offs: Winning the auto repair game. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: TAB Books, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Offa"

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Blunt, C. E. "The Coinage of Offa." In Anglo-Saxon Coins, 39–62. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003411970-3.

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Merkle, Denise. "Official translation." In Handbook of Translation Studies, 119–22. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hts.4.off1.

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Harris, Neil. "Offal." In Molecular Biological and Immunological Techniques and Applications for Food Chemists, 199–208. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470637685.ch10.

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El-Awad, Ziad. "Developing Routines for Delivering Consistency and Dealing with Failure: The Webtech Case." In Academic Spin-offs, 75–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22284-9_5.

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El-Awad, Ziad. "Transposing Individual Level Experiences into the Venture: The Critical Role of the Venture Team for Routine Creation." In Academic Spin-offs, 63–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22284-9_4.

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El-Awad, Ziad. "The Relevance of Routinizing Behaviours in the Development of Academic Spinoffs." In Academic Spin-offs, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22284-9_3.

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El-Awad, Ziad. "Introduction: The Role of Universities in Society." In Academic Spin-offs, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22284-9_1.

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El-Awad, Ziad. "Diversity and Collaborative Dynamics in ASO Teams." In Academic Spin-offs, 21–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22284-9_2.

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El-Awad, Ziad. "How Team Level Experiences Shape Uncertainty Perception and Produce Routines for Efficiency or Change." In Academic Spin-offs, 97–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22284-9_6.

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El-Awad, Ziad. "Conclusions: Learnings and Implications for your Business." In Academic Spin-offs, 119–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22284-9_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Offa"

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Durschmid, Tobias, Eunsuk Kang, and David Garlan. "Trade-Off-Oriented Development: Making Quality Attribute Trade-Offs First-Class." In 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: New Ideas and Emerging Results (ICSE-NIER). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icse-nier.2019.00036.

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Han, Ling-li, and Hua-ming Qiu. "A Comparison of Sell-off and Spin-off strategies and a discussion on feasibility of Spin-offs in China's security market." In 2012 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2012.6414377.

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van der Meer, Rosalien. "Prospering outside the region? Spatial patterns of spin offs universities of applied science: Case: Saxion University of applied sciences." In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268485576.

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Saxion is part of the Dutch system of universities for higher vocational training and applied sciences. In this paper a case study is presented to gain more insight in spin offs of these types of universities, and their effect on the regional economy. For this purpose a database of 152 spin offs has been developed and a first survey was analysed. Most spin offs are active in the ICT and business services sectors. We have compared the results with the spin offs University of Twente. We observed that the percentage of spin offs, which was located outside the surrounding region of Saxion (33%) was significantly higher, than the percentage of spin off of the University of Twente (22%). The spin offs outside the region also have employees than Saxion spin off in the region. There is however no difference in the way the spin off perceive the business climate of their location. Stimulating entrepreneurship at universities of applied seems a good strategy to support the development of the promising knowledge intensive service sector in the eastern part of the |Netherlands. On the other hand this strategy should be accompanied with policy instruments aiming at convincing alumni entrepreneurs to stay in the region.
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Trott, Paul, Victor Scholten, and Dap Hartmann. "How university incubators may be overprotective and hindering the success of the young firm: Findings from a preliminary study." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268578139.

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This paper investigates to what extent university spin-offs benefit from their parent organization. Drawing on the resource based view and social capital theory we identify the support factors that may turn to interference with the spinoffs business goals. This study has a case study approach and data is collected among university spin-offs at the TU Delft. Preliminary findings provide insight in the extent to which support is valuable and when it can hamper the progress of the spin-off creation. Understanding the dynamics of the support can help improve the spin-off incubation programs.
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Soetanto, Danny, and Marina van Geenhuizen. "Differences in social networks between highly and medium to low spin-offs: do they lead to different growth?" In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268489528.

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University spin-off firms are believed to contribute to innovation of the (regional) economy through entrepreneurship, knowledge transfer and linkages with larger firms. Social networks play a vital role in the early years of spin-off firms, but there is virtually no knowledge on the critical characteristics of these networks, and on differences between highly innovative and medium-to-low innovative spin-offs in this respect. First, we highlight theoretical viewpoints on social network formation, Next, we discuss the methodological aspects of the empirical study. This is followed by a comparative descriptive analysis of social networks and two separate estimations of job growth for highly innovative spin-offs (HIS) and medium-to-low innovative spin-offs (MLIS). The results indicate an overall smaller role of social networks for HIS, as well as a different role of strength of relationships and importance of local partners for HIS compared with MLIS.
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Zheng, Shilie, Xianmin Zhang, Xiaofeng Jin, and Hao Chi. "Orbital Angular Momentum Generation Using a Circular Wire Loop Antenna." In Optoelectronic Devices and Integration. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oedi.2014.of3a.1.

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GAO, Chunqing. "Orbital Angular Momentum of Light Beam: Generation and Detection." In Optoelectronic Devices and Integration. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oedi.2014.of3a.2.

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Du, Ke, and Xuemin Cheng. "Current trends of liquid lenses." In Optoelectronic Devices and Integration. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oedi.2014.of3a.3.

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Jin-yong, Zhang, and Li Li-fu. "Design Method of LED Freeform Lens for Dipped Beam Based on Center Radial Infinitesimal Parameterization." In Optoelectronic Devices and Integration. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oedi.2014.of3a.4.

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Cassan, Eric, Samuel Serna, Charles Caer, Weiwei Zhang, and Xavier Le Roux. "Ultra-low Volume Tunable Slot Photonic Crystal Cavities for Sensing." In Optoelectronic Devices and Integration. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oedi.2014.of4a.2.

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Reports on the topic "Offa"

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AMERICAN POWER JET CO RIDGEFIELD NJ. Structured Analysis/Design, LSA Task 303, Evaluation of Alternatives and Trade-Off Analysis: Subtask 303.2.3 System Trade-Offs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255472.

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Mejias-Santiago, Mariely, Lyan I. Garcia, and Lulu Edwards. Rapid Airfield Damage Recovery Next Generation Backfill Technologies Comparison Experiment : Technology Comparison Experiment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39661.

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The Rapid Airfield Damage Recovery (RADR) Next Generation Backfill Technology Comparison Experiment was conducted in July 2017 at the East Campus of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), located in Vicksburg, MS. The experiment evaluated three different crater backfill technologies to compare their performance and develop a technology trade-off a nalysis. The RADR next generation backfill technologies were compared to the current RADR standard backfill method of flowable fill. Results from this experiment provided useful information on technology rankings and trade-offs. This effort resulted in successful crater backfill solutions that were recommended for further end user evaluation.
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Jensen, Rylee, Ellisif Cline, and Kelsey Griffin. Coastal observations of seabird mortality in Katmai National Park, Alaska: 2012?2021. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2298713.

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In 2012, Katmai National Park & Preserve joined the stranded seabird survey efforts spearheaded by the University of Washington?s Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team (COASST). COASST is a citizen science network started in 1999 with the goal of establishing a baseline dataset of seabird mortality to identify unusual die-offs. During the winter of 2015 and spring of 2016, the Gulf of Alaska experienced a large die-off of common murres (Uria aalge; COMU) due to a severe marine heatwave in the North Pacific. Katmai National Park & Preserve (KATM) staff contributed to the identification and documentation of seabird carcasses washed ashore from this die-off; in 2016 alone, 90 murres (likely COMU; only counting new birds) were documented along a 1 km stretch of Swikshak beach. KATM staff have conducted a total of 105 COASST surveys documenting 203 seabird carcasses on four 1 km section of beaches in KATM and Bristol Bay: Swikshak, Hallo, North Hallo, and Naknek. During the peak of the die-off in 2016, Swikshak beach contained an average of 20.6 carcasses per survey. During a typical year (using 2014 as an example), the average was 0.33 carcasses, highlighting the severe impact that die-off events like this have on seabird colonies. These events have occurred throughout Alaska annually since 2015 (USFWS 2021) and have affected some of our beaches every year, particularly Naknek Beach in 2019.
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Martin, Ciaran. Five tests for risk-based approaches to national cybersecurity in resource-constrained environments. Digital Pathways at Oxford, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/05.

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While we cannot currently accurately specify what good cybersecurity looks like, we can analyse what good risk-based approaches to national cybersecurity should aim at achieving. This is particularly important in low- and middle-income countries operating in resource-constrained environments in the early stages of economic development and digitalisation. This paper, therefore, discusses key considerations for risk-based cybersecurity by investigating the trade-offs that decision-makers should address so that scarce resources are best deployed to fend off threats that are more likely to happen and cause significant harm. The analysis is presented in the form of five tests that can be used to analyse the robustness of risk-based cybersecurity when resources are limited and to think about the potential paths that nations can take as they grapple with various economic and digitalisation challenges. As such, this framework does not present an exhaustive list of all the fundamental components of a cybersecurity strategy, but rather analyses the most important trade-offs and challenges that a cybersecurity strategy should address.
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Duclos, Ronald, and Ned Shepherd. Structured Analysis/Design - LSA Task 303, Evaluation of Alternatives and Trade-off Analysis, Subtask 303.2.5, Manpower and Personnel Trade-Offs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255550.

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Yu, Haichao, Haoxiang Li, Honghui Shi, Thomas S. Huang, and Gang Hua. Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks. Web of Open Science, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/ejai.v1i1.82.

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We present Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks (Any- Precision DNNs), which are trained with a new method that empowers learned DNNs to be flexible in any numerical precision during inference. The same model in runtime can be flexibly and directly set to different bit-width, by trun- cating the least significant bits, to support dynamic speed and accuracy trade-off. When all layers are set to low- bits, we show that the model achieved accuracy compara- ble to dedicated models trained at the same precision. This nice property facilitates flexible deployment of deep learn- ing models in real-world applications, where in practice trade-offs between model accuracy and runtime efficiency are often sought. Previous literature presents solutions to train models at each individual fixed efficiency/accuracy trade-off point. But how to produce a model flexible in runtime precision is largely unexplored. When the demand of efficiency/accuracy trade-off varies from time to time or even dynamically changes in runtime, it is infeasible to re-train models accordingly, and the storage budget may forbid keeping multiple models. Our proposed framework achieves this flexibility without performance degradation. More importantly, we demonstrate that this achievement is agnostic to model architectures. We experimentally validated our method with different deep network backbones (AlexNet-small, Resnet-20, Resnet-50) on different datasets (SVHN, Cifar-10, ImageNet) and observed consistent results.
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Conti, Gabriella, and Pamela Giustinelli. For better or worse? Subjective expectations and cost-benefit trade-offs in health behavior-offs in health behaviour-offs in health behaviour. The IFS, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp/ifs.2023.1923.

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Norris, Edward Thomas. On or Off? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1583141.

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Jul, Ana María. Off-Budget Operations. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006773.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Public Management and Transparency Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 7th Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on May 8th and 9th, 2006. The purpose of the study was to assess the planning, implementation, programming, budgeting and evaluation of extra-budgetary and tax expenditures in four countries in the region, and propose recommendations if necessary. The countries chosen were Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico, with Mexico being the country in charge of coordinating the study. Over the past few years, countries have recognized the need to tighten the rules which regulate off-budget operations. Brazil, Chile, and Mexico have made important progress in regularizing these operations, while Ecuador shows less progress experiencing some backpedaling as a result of the 1999-2000 economic crisis and political instability.
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Peeler, D. ProTec Tear-Offs: A Preliminary Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890198.

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