Journal articles: 'Offals'

1

Shahidi, F., and J. Synowiecki. "Carotenoids and Chitin of Crustacean Offals." Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 24, no. 5 (December 1991): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0315-5463(91)70100-4.

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2

Dewedar, Rania, Mohamed Mousa, and Hanaa Farag. "Public Health Hazards of Edible Poultry Offals." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 51, no. 2 (2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.224124.

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3

Ibrahim, H. M., M. A. Hassan, and G. S. Elsharkawy. "Aflatoxins B1 and B2 residues in Edible Offals." Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 35, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2018.96299.

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4

Selvan, P., S. K. Mendiratta, K. Porteen, and K. N. Bhilegaonk. "Effect of Trisodium Phosphate on Quality of Buffalo Offals." American Journal of Food Technology 2, no. 5 (August 15, 2007): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajft.2007.397.405.

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Wysok, Beata, Joanna Wojtacka, Agnieszka Wiszniewska –. Łaszczych, Joanna Szteyn, and Małgorzata Gomółka–Pawlicka. "Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from poultry offals." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 9 (2017): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5770.

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The aim of the study was to determine the presence of Campylobacter strains in poultry by-products and define antimicrobial resistance of isolates. In total, 400 samples were tested among which 300 included the liver, heart and stomach, and 100 samples represented the contents of the cecum. The samples were taken from chickens and turkeys in the slaughterhouse after evisceration. The prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken samples was 100% with regards to the contents of cecum and offal. The turkey origin Campylobacter strains were noted in 76% of the livers, 78% hearts and 82% gizzards. The samples of cecum contents were positive in 60%. Species analysis of the strains isolated showed C. jejuni as dominant. The estimation of sensitivity to antibiotics showed that Campylobacter strains were most frequently resistant to quinolones and tetracyclines. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected among 52.7% and 52.5% chicken and turkey origin strains. The same was noted regarding nalidixic acid, resistance to which was shown in 56% and 58.5% isolates, respectively. Regarding tetracyclines, the highest resistance of the strains from chicken and turkey was detected to doxycyclinum in 61.3% and 53.3% of isolates, respectively. However the highest sensitivity was showed to erythromycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Only one C. coli strain from turkey offal was resistant to gentamicin. Simultaneously multi drug resistance was defined. The aimed studies showed that 62% of C. jejuni and 53.8% of C. coli strains from chicken offal were resistant to two or more agents. In turkey origin isolates MDR was detected in 54.7% of C. jejuni and 53.3% of C. coli strains.

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V.V., Nasonova, Levina E.V., and Artamonova M.P. "Study of the effect of various ingredients on the organoleptic and functional-technological properties of beef heart." Vsyo o myase, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2071-2499-2020-5-25-29.

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Offals are of interest to both factures of meat products and consumers. At the same time, the ambiguity of the organoleptic properties of offals and the lasted of their processing create barriers to the growth of their consumption. The studies carried out allowed us to demonstrate the most effective approaches to obtain the necessary organoleptic properties of a product with high functional -technological characteristics. The most effective approach to improve the properties of products from beef heart is using of lactic acid starter culture and citric acid.

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7

SON, SE HYUN, KWANG WON SEO, YEONG BIN KIM, HYE YOUNG JEON, EUN BI NOH, and YOUNG JU LEE. "Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Edible Offal in Korea." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 7 (June 24, 2019): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-458.

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ABSTRACT Edible offal, which is the nonmuscular part of the livestock, is a popular food product in many countries. However, it can be easily contaminated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, during slaughter and processing and regarded as a reservoir for transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to humans. This study aimed to investigate prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates from edible offal in Korea. A total of 320 chicken offal samples, 540 pig offal samples, and 560 cattle offal samples were collected. Among the 118 E. coli isolates obtained, resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was revealed in 32 (100%), 46 (95.8%), and 26 (68.4%) isolates of chicken, pig, and cattle offals, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 88.1% (104 of 118). The isolates from chicken offal showed highest resistance to most antimicrobial agents, with the exception of higher ampicillin resistance for isolates from pig offal. In the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of 69 (58.5%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli, blaTEM-1 (97.1%), tetA (76.6%), sul2 (70.6%), and cmlA (57.4%) were most prevalent. Class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected in 82.6 and 2.9% of the MDR isolates, respectively. In total, seven virulence genes (eaeA, escV, astA, fimH, papC, sfa/focDE, and iucC) were also identified in the MDR isolates. The fimH gene was the most frequent (91.3%). Overall, 52 isolates from chicken (24 isolates, 96.0%), pig (16 isolates, 55.2%) and cattle (12 isolates, 80.0%) offals among MDR isolates were found to have some plasmid replicons. Frep (38 isolates) and FIB (27 isolates) replicons were more prevalent than other replicon types. The results suggest that edible offal can become a relevant reservoir of E. coli strains carrying various antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. HIGHLIGHTS

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8

Atti, N., P. Nozière, M. Doreau, C. Kayouli, and F. Bocquier. "Effects of underfeeding and refeeding on offals weight in the Barbary ewes." Small Ruminant Research 38, no. 1 (September 2000): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4488(00)00136-x.

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9

Mittal, Poonam, and R. A. Lawrie. "Extrusion studies of mixtures containing certain meat offals: Part 2—textural properties." Meat Science 16, no. 2 (January 1986): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(86)90072-0.

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10

Aduku, A. O., A. A. Aganga, P. N. Okoh, S. A. Ingawa, and D. O. A. Phillip. "Contribution of offals to the gross value of goat carcasses in Nigeria." Small Ruminant Research 6, no. 1-2 (October 1991): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(91)90022-i.

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11

Gill, C. O., and L. E. Jeremiah. "The storage life of non-muscle offals packaged under vacuum or carbon dioxide." Food Microbiology 8, no. 4 (December 1991): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0740-0020(05)80008-5.

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12

Miwa, Misao, Kiyohiro Shibata, Kiyomi Nagayama, and Katuhiro Aikawa. "Nitric Oxide Formation by Macrophages Stimulated with Water Extracts from Meats and Offals." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 61, no. 11 (January 1997): 1953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.1953.

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13

Wafar, R. J., L. I. Tarimbuka, T. Sini, Z. A. Adi, E. B. Lamalang, and M. I. Bako. "Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaner pigs fed cereal offals in diets." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 6 (February 28, 2021): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i6.2918.

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Thirty (30) weaned crossbred (Landrace × large white) pigs with an average body weight of 8.5±0.4 kg was used to evaluate performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs fed five experimental diets containing cereal milling by-products. Diet 1 contained maize offal, while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained wheat offal, sorghum offal, millet offal and rice offal respectively. The animals were balanced for sex and weight then allotted to five dietary treatments replicated three times in a completely randomized design. Data were collected on feed intake and weight gain for a period of eight weeks. A digestibility trial was carried at the end of the feeding trial using three pigs per treatment. Data collected were subjected to oneway analysis of variance. The result of growth performance and nutrient digestibility showed that average feed intake, final body weight as well as digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre, ether extracts, crude protein and ash were higher (P<0.05) for pigs fed T1 (maize offal), T2 (wheat offal), T3 (sorghum offal) and T4 (millet offal), while those on T5 (Rice offal) had the lowest growth and nutrient digestibility. It was concluded that maize offal, wheat offal, sorghum offal, millet offal can be used in weaner pigs' diet. Trente (30) porcs croisés sevrés (Landrace × Large white) d'un poids corporel moyen de 8,5 ± 0,4 kg ont été utilisés pour évaluer les performances et la digestibilité des nutriments de porcs sevrés nourris avec cinq régimes expérimentaux contenant des sous-produits de la mouture de céréales. Le régime 1 contenait des as des aliments de maïs, tandis que les régimes 2, 3, 4 et 5 contenaient respectivement des aliments de blé, des aliments de sorgho, des aliments de mil et des aliments de riz. Les animaux ont été équilibrés pour le sexe et le poids puis attribués à cinq traitements diététiques répétés trois fois dans une conception complètement aléatoire. Des données ont été recueillies sur la prise alimentaire et la prise de poids pendant une période de huit semaines. Un essai de digestibilité a été réalisé à la fin de test d'alimentation en utilisant trois porcs par traitement. Les données collectées ont été soumises à une analyse unidirectionnelle de la variance. Le résultat des performances de croissance et de la digestibilité des nutriments a montré que l'apport alimentaire moyen, le poids corporel final ainsi que la digestibilité de la matière sèche, des fibres brutes, des extraits d'éther, des protéines brutes et des cendres étaient plus élevés (P <0,05) pour les porcs nourris au T1 (aliments de maïs). , T2 (aliments de blé), T3 (aliments de sorgho) et T4 (aliments de millet), tandis que ceux de T5 (aliments de riz) avaient la plus faible croissance et digestibilité des éléments nutritifs. Il a été conclu que les aliments de maïs, les aliments de blé, les aliments de sorgho, les aliments de millet peut être utilisé dans l'alimentation des porcs sevrés.

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14

Babatunde, G. M., B. L. Fetuga, V. A. Oyenuga, and O. Akpapwunam. "The Effects of Feeding Graded Levels of Wheat Offals And Groundnut Shells To Pigs On Their Performance And Carcass Characteristics And Nutrient Utilization." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v2i2.2151.

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A TOTAL of 70 weaner pigs were used in these studies designed to study the effects of feeding graded levels of wheat offals and groundnut shells in the diets of pigs on their performance characteristics, carcass quality and nutrient utilization abilities. They were all of the Yorkshire and Yorkshire x Landrace crosses, and were reared from about 25 kg to approximately 92 kg liveweight on diets containing 5, 10 and 15% of wheat offals or groundnut shells compared with the control diet which contained neither of these. All the diets were roughly iso nitrogenous, containing about 20% protein. All pigs on the graded levels of the fibre sources gained more than those on the control diet, consumed more feed and higher digestible energy daily and had inconsistently better feed/gain ratios, but the differences were not significant. Pigs on the ground nut shell diets also gained more weight daily, consumed more feed and digestible energy, but had poorer efficiencies of feed and energy utilization than those on the wheat offals diets, but the differences were also not significant for the three weight categories covered. Generally, feed intake slightly increased, digestible energy intake slightly decreased, while the other response parameters were not consistently affected by the increases in the levels of fibre inclusion. The carcass measurements were not significantly influenced by the levels of fibre inclusion, and there were no definite trends in nearly all the carcass measurements as the fibre levels increased, but there were significant differences due to sources in most of the carcass parameters. Most of the nutrients were significantly depressed in their utilization by the fibre levels and sources.

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15

Onyimonyi, A. E., and S. O. C. Ugwu. "Performance of Laying Hens Fed Varying Dietary Levels of Bambara (Voandzeia subterrenea Thouars) Offals." International Journal of Poultry Science 6, no. 3 (February 15, 2007): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2007.223.226.

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16

Felix, Ayroe, Emikpe B. O, Asiamah E, and Dankwa K O. "CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY OBSERVED IN CATTLE AND GOAT OFFALS IN KUMASI, GHANA." African Journal of Infectious Diseases 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajid.v10i2.9.

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17

., Nwokoro, Smart O. ., S. E. Vaikosen ., and A. M. Bamgbose . "Nutrient Composition of Cassava Offals and Cassava Sievates Collected from Locations in Edo State, Nigeria." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 4 (June 15, 2005): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.262.264.

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18

Jones, A. D., A. C. Homan, D. J. Favell, C. H. S. Hitchcock, P. M. Berryman, N. M. Griffiths, and M. J. Billington. "Investigation of the levels of Nτ-Methylhistidine in a range of beef cuts and offals." Meat Science 15, no. 3 (January 1985): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(85)90033-6.

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19

Sheridan, J. J., and B. Lynch. "The influence of processing and refrigeration on the bacterial numbers on beef and sheep offals." Meat Science 24, no. 2 (January 1988): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(88)90055-1.

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20

Poznyakovskiy, V. M., Sergey L. Tikhonov, and N. V. Tikhonova. "The impact of the nutritional supplement “ERAMIN” on the heavy metal content in meat and offals." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-2-199-202.

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There was performed an experimental study on the reduction of heavy metals in meat and products of slaughter cattle. For the experiment, according to the principle of analogues there were formed two groups of 15 Hereford calves each: 1 - control, 2 - experimental. Calves from the second group, in addition to the basic diet from the age of 3 months received dietary supplement "Eramin" in a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days every 3 months throughout the period of growing and fattening. In that the content of heavy metals in the meat of calves is established to fail to exceed the MPC. The amount of copper, iron and nickel in the control group exceeded average by 93,2 and 77,8%, respectively. The nickel content in muscle longissimus dorsi of the control group is 0,046 mg/kg, which is 5,6 times above the average. Against the background of the use of "Eramin" in the ration of calves in meat there was shown a significant (P ≤ 0,05) decrease in iron, cadmium and lead 12,0; 9,8 and 11,4%, respectively.

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21

Olabode, H. O. K., S. Mailafia M.E. Ogbole, G. R. Okoh C.I.C. Ifeanyi, and H. O. Onigbanjo I.B. Ugbaja. "Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Campylobacter Species from Cattle Offals in Gwagwalada Abattoir, Abuja-FCT Nigeria." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.035.

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22

FREDRIKSSON-AHOMAA, M., T. KORTE, and H. KORKEALA. "Contamination of Carcasses, Offals, and the Environment with yadA-Positive Yersinia enterocolitica in a Pig Slaughterhouse." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.1.31.

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This study was carried out in order to evaluate the contamination of the pig-slaughtering line with pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica carrying the yadA gene. A total of 292 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse; 131 swab samples from pig carcasses, ears, livers, kidneys, and hearts; 89 swab samples from the environment; and 72 sedimentation samples from the air. All surface samples were studied with both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture methods. The contamination rate of edible pig offals was high with both methods. Using PCR, the detection rates of yadA-positive Y. enterocolitica for livers, kidneys, and hearts were 38, 86, and 63%, respectively, and using the culture method, the detection rates were 31, 69, and 50%, respectively. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was also detected from different environmental sites in the slaughterhouse. Using PCR, 13% of the surface samples from the environment were contaminated with yadA-positive Y. enterocolitica. PCR-positive samples were found on the brisket saw, the hook from which the pluck set (heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, diaphragm, liver, kidneys, and tongue with tonsils) hang, the knife used for evisceration, the floors in the eviscerating area and the weighing area, the meat-cutting table, the aprons used by trimming workers, the computer used in the meat-inspection area, and the coffeemaker used by slaughterhouse workers. The respective detection rate (6%) was considerably lower when we used the culture method. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was isolated from the air in the bleeding area. Bioserotype 4/O:3 was the only pathogenic bioserotype isolated in this study. A total of 113 isolates of type 4/O:3 were characterized with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using NotI and XbaI digests. By combining these profiles, nine different pulsotypes were obtained, the most common of which (1a) was found in 19 (61%) of 31 samples from different sites. This is the same type that has dominated in pig tonsils, which suggests that tonsils may be the source of Y. enterocolitica contamination in the slaughterhouse. The four pulsotypes (1a, 4g, 6g, and 19q) found on edible offals were the same as those found in tonsils, which supports our hypothesis that tonsils are the contamination source for the liver, heart, and kidneys.

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23

Lee, Jae-won, and Young Ju Lee. "The bacterial quality and prevalence of foodborne pathogens of edible offals from slaughterhouses in Gyeongsangbuk-do." Journal of the Preventive Veterinary Medicine 40, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13041/jpvm.2016.40.2.53.

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24

Horvatović, Miroslava Polovinski, Ivan Radović, Igor Jajić, Saša Krstović, and Mile Mirkov. "The Occurrence of Heavy Metals (Cadmium and Lead) in the Liver of Hogs in the Region of Vojvodina." Contemporary Agriculture 70, no. 1-2 (May 26, 2021): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0003.

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Summary The purpose of this research is to investigate the occurrence of two heavy metals (namely cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)) in the liver of hogs bred in different locations in Vojvodina. A total of 30 liver samples were collected from ten pig farms in Vojvodina for experimental purposes in the period from December 2017 to January 2018. The samples collected were analysed for the presence of lead and cadmium. The average concentration of lead in all the samples was 0.39 mg/kg wet weight, whereas the samples from only one farm of the ten considered were found to contain a slightly higher average lead concentration than permitted by the Serbian standard. A lead concentration of 0.86 mg/kg wet weight was detected in one liver sample from this farm. The maximum permitted lead concentration was exceeded in the liver samples obtained from three farms. However, all the liver samples analysed were found to contain the permitted levels of cadmium, with an average cadmium concentration of 0.12 mg/kg wet weight and a maximum cadmium concentration of 0.48 mg/kg wet weight. The occurrence of heavy metals and their origin in the pig’s offals should be examined in greater detail in future research, especially because pig’s offals are used in the meat processing industry.

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25

Asaniyan, E. K., and V. O. Akinduro. "Performance of Broiler Chicks Fed Graded Levels of Heat - Treated Bambarra Groundnut [Voandzia subterranean (L) thouars] Offals." International Journal of Poultry Science 7, no. 7 (June 15, 2008): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.711.714.

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26

Gaili, E. S., and A. E. Ali. "Meat from Sudan desert sheep and goats: Part 1—Carcass yield, offals and distribution of carcass tissues." Meat Science 13, no. 4 (January 1985): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1740(85)90091-9.

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27

Anyanwu, G. A., E. B. Etuk, I. C. Okoli, and A. B. I. Udedibie. "Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics of Layers Fed Different Combinations of Cassava Root Meal and Bambara Groundnut Offals." Asian Journal of Poultry Science 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2007): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajpsaj.2008.36.41.

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PHAM, Q. T., and J. WILLIX. "Thermal Conductivity of Fresh Lamb Meat, Offals and Fat in the Range -40 to +30oC: Measurements and Correlations." Journal of Food Science 54, no. 3 (May 1989): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb04639.x.

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29

Gill, C. O., and S. D. M. Jones. "Evaluation of a commercial process for collection and cooling of beef offals by a temperature function integration technique." International Journal of Food Microbiology 15, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(92)90142-p.

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30

Leenstra, F. R., and D. A. Ehlhardt. "Breeding goals for intensive but sustainable poultry meat production." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 42, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v42i1.614.

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The effects of selecting male parent breeding stock for efficiency of feed utilization (EFU) were compared with those of selection for body weight (BW). Selection for EFU resulted in an improved feed and protein efficiency at a certain fixed body weight when compared with BW selection. Correlated effects of selection for EFU (slaughter yield, viability, parent stock fertility) were favourable. For sustainable poultry meat production, losses in the production cycle through manure, slaughter offals and mortality should be minimized. The results of experimental selection indicate that selection for EFU may be a useful tool towards decreasing losses in poultry meat production.

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31

Ogbonna, J. U., and E. A. Adebowale. "Effects Of Sun-dried Cassava Peel Meal As Replacement For Maize And Wheat Offals On Performance And Nutrient Utilization Of Cockerels." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 20 (January 5, 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v20i.2103.

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Five hundred (590) day-old Hyperco cockerels were raised on four experimental starter diets, A,B,C, and D containing 0, 17.71, 22.30 and 45.64% sun-dried cassava peel meals (CPM), respectively, as replacement for maize and wheat offals. At the finisher phase, the test ingredient was substituted on weight basis at the rates of 0, 20.41, 24.95 and 51.75%. The calculated cyanide contents of the starter diets were 0, 17.62, 22.19 and 45.41 mg HCN/kg for diets A,B,C and D, respectively, at the finisher phase. The duration of the study was 20 weeks. In the finisher phase, the highest mean daily feed intake values (129.6 and 123.5g/bird) were obtained on diets C and D, respectively, while the least mean values (116.9 and 106.5 g/bird) were recorded on diets A and B, respectively. The ME utilisation increased with increasing dietary energy levels in the starter phase and decreased with increasing dietary energy levels in the finisher phase. The daily nitrogen retained decreased with increasing dietary CPM levels in both phases.

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32

THOMAS, N. L., T. C. GREY, J. M. JONES, D. ROBINSON, and S. W. STOCK. "Observations on the effect of age and sex on the nitrogen factor of chicken carcass parts including the edible offals." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 19, no. 1 (June 28, 2007): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb00322.x.

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33

Ionescu, Ştefania Miţa, and Petronela Nechita. "Thermo-Insulating Panels Based on Composite Structures from Vegetal Fibres and Polymeric Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 1143 (February 2017): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1143.154.

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The study presents the experimental results on the use of composite structures based on vegetal fibres and polymeric matrix for obtaining thermoisolant panels for buildings. The use of the natural materials brings important contributions to human health but also to air protection. As vegetable fibers, hashed hemp, paper offals and recycled cellulose fiber were used in combination with formaldehyde resins and consolidation agent. The obtained samples were pressed at 50 bar and dried at environmental temperature. The testing of the samples was made for determining the coefficient of thermal conductivity, the base characteristic of the thermoisolant materials, and the thermal resistance. The obtained results led to the conclusion that these materials can be used as the filling material structure of the thermoisolant panels.

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34

Domańska, K., and B. Kowalski. "210 Effect of different storage conditions on nitrate/nitrite levels, microbiological quality and N-nitrosamines content in polish edible offals processed meat products." Toxicology Letters 144 (September 2003): s60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(03)90209-8.

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35

Salami, R. I., O. G. Longe, and J. A. Oluyemi. "Effect of dietary protein levels on the performance and carcass characteristics of cockerel finishers." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 31, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v31i1.1445.

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A study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) levels in diets of 2600kcal kg metabolisable energy content on the performance and carcass characteristics of cockerel finishers. The experimental diets A, B, C, D and E contained CP levels of 140, 160, 180, 200 and 200g kg and they were produced by modified diet dilution technique. Response criteria such as weight gain and feed conversion ratio, among others, and carcass characteristics were measured. Results on performance and carcass characteristics, with the exception of the neck, intestinal weights and other visceral offals, revealed that these response criteria were optimized in the birds fed on 180g kg dietary CP level. Beyond this level, it was nor beneficial to feed higher CP levels. It is therefore, concluded that the CP requirement of finisher cockerels is 18% on the bases of their Performance and carcass characteristics.

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Apata, E. S., O. O. Eniolorunda, E. S. Olugbemi, and O. Y. Adedeji. "Effects of utilizing treated and untreated corncobs and cassava peel-based diets on carcass and meat performance of West African dwarf goats." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.73.

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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of utilizing treated and untreated corncobs and cassava peels-based concentrate diets on carcass and meat performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) buck goats. Sixteen WAD buck goats of ages between 9 and 10 months, balanced for weight were randomly assigned to four diet treatments with four goats per treatment diets of T1 = untreated cassava peels T2 = Treated corncobs, T3 = Treated cassava peels and T4 = untreated corncobs for 91 days. At the end of the feeding trial, three goats were randomly selected from each treatment and slaughtered. Data were collected on fasted, bled, clean carcasses' weights, lengths, chilled weights, chilling losses, chilling loss weights and dressing percentages as well as external and internal offals, while data on physical, (cooking loss, cooking yield, thermal shortening, cold loss, cold shortening and water holding capacity) proximate (moisture, crude protein, ether extract (fat), ash and nitrogen free extract) and organoleptic (colour, flavour, tenderness, juiciness, texture and overall acceptability) properties of meat were taken in a completely randomized experiment. Data were statistically analysed and significant means were separated at p=0.05. The results of the chemical composition of the experimental diets showed significant differences. Clean carcasses' lengths and chilled weights were higher in T3 than in other treatments, while bled carcasses' weights and chilling losses were lower (p<0.05) in the same T3 than in others. Bled carcasses' weights, chilling losses and percentage chilling losses were higher in T1 and T4 respectively. All the external and internal offals were higher in T3 followed by T2 and least (p<0.05) in T4, but cooking yield and water holding capacity were higher in T3 while thermal shortening, cold loss and shortening were lower. Moisture, crude protein, ether extract (fat) and ash except nitrogen free extract were higher in T3 followed by T1, T2 and least (p<0.05) in T4. Meat from T3 had higher colour, flavour, tenderness, juiciness, texture and overall acceptability followed by meat from T2 and least in T4. All the variables measured except nitrogen free extract were higher in T3. It can be concluded based that diet T3 was the best due to higher effect on the carcasses and meats of experimental goats. Therefore, diet T3 is highly recommended for farmers followed by diet T2.

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Vieregge, P., C. v. Maravic, and H. J. Friedrich. "Life-style and Dietary Factors Early and Late in Parkinson’s Disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 19, no. 2 (May 1992): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100042219.

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ABSTRACT:The study investigated features of life-style and dietary habits early and late in life of patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Seventy-one patients and 103 controls were interviewed personally with a structured questionnaire. Living in villages during primary school time was significantly more frequent among patients, and in the urban environment patients had lived less frequently in larger-sized towns. Mushroom harvesting during childhood was more frequent among patients. No difference between patients and controls was found in childhood water supply, habits of fishing in the countryside or at the seaside, and eating such fish. Actual food preference in patients was greater for almonds and plums, while no difference was found in the actual intake of mushrooms, peanuts, oil-dressed salad, fish and animal offals. The study did not indicate a higher consumption of foods known to harbour heavy metals and pesticides in IPD patients either long before or during the disease. Reduced consumption of foodstuffs rich in vitamin E, as reported previously for premorbid patients, is no longer observed in patients with overt disease.

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García, T., P. E. Hernández, B. Sanz, and R. Martin. "Revisión: Los residuos en la inspección de la carne Review: Chemical residues in meat inspection." Food Science and Technology International 3, no. 6 (December 1997): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329700300601.

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Edible tissues of food animals may contain residues of chemical substances harmful to human health, including animal drugs, mycotoxins and environmental contaminants. Current meat inspec tion activities rely mainly on visual inspection of the carcass and its offals at the slaughterhouse, and fail to detect chemical residues and enteric pathogens that are considered as major health risks associated with meat consumption. In contrast to traditional approaches, application of the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) to meat production and inspection, constitutes the best alternative to reduce the incidence of residues and to improve meat safety. Application of HACCP to meat inspection virtually eliminates the need for finished product testing by identi fying the safety risks inherent in the meat production steps, from farm to table, and devising preventive measures which can be monitored in order to control the process. Accordingly, there is also a need for the development and application of analytical methods of enough sensitivity that allow real-time monitoring of chemical residues in live animals and their tissues.

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Okunlola, O. O., W. O. Akindele, and O. A. Ladokun. "Survey of meat preference within the working class of Oyo state, Nigeria: a case-study of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i2.2808.

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The study considered the meat preference within the working class of Oyo state using Emmanuel Alayande College of Education as a case study. The survey covered the three campuses of the College namely, Erelu, Isokun and Lanlate. A total of 50 structured questionnaires were administered in each of the three campuses, making 150 in all. Random sampling of the respondents was carried out covering both the senior and the junior staff. The result obtained shows a general preference for beef (31.33%). bush meat (24.66%), chevon (15.33%), chicken (13.33%), pork (10%) and mutton (5.33%) in reducing order of importance. Also, in terms of meat texture, 55.33% and 35.33% of the respondents preferred medium and soft meat respectively. The respondents also preferred fish (60.67%) to meat (39.33%) as their animal protein source. Frying (50%) was the preferred processing method, followed by boiling (36.66%) and smoking (13.33%). The meat cuts of preference to the respondents are thigh (37.33%). offals (18%), and, cow leg and skin (16.66%). However, majority (62%) of the respondents in the College surveyed had no knowledge of cholesterol.

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Eniolorunda, O. O., E. S. Apata, B. B. Badejo, and A. O. Okubanjo. "Evaluation of the meat quality Yankasa rams fed graded levels of biscuit waste." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i1.683.

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Twenty Yankasa rams aged between 10 and 12 months with average weight of 12.15kg were used to evaluate the effect of different levels of biscuit waste and Leucaena leucocephala meal inclusion in diets on the quality of their meat samples. The rams were randomly assigned to five treatment diets of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% an d100% of combined biscuit waste and Leucaena leucocephala in replacement for combined maize and wheat offals or B0, B1, B2, B3 and B4 diets with four rams per diet for 91 days. Data were collected on physical, chemical and sensory variables of meat samples. The results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the cooking loss, water holding capacity, crude protein and overall acceptability of meat samples from the rams. All the parameters measured were better in meat samples from rams fed treatment diets B1 (25%) and B2 (50%) inclusion of biscuit waste and Leucaena leucocephala meal. The results revealed that feeding biscuit waste to Yankasa rams can improve the quality as well as the consumer acceptability of Yankasa rams meat (mutton).

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Ologhobo, A. D., and A. M. Balogun. "The Value of Dried Fish Silage for Pullet and The layer Hen." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 14 (January 16, 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v14i.2610.

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Two experiments were conducted with golden Hubbard pullet chicks to investigate the replacement effects of locally prepared fish silage for imported fish meal in pullet and layers' rations. Acidic and neutral fish silage preparations concentrated with either maize or cassava plus groundnut meal and wheat offals, were fed as a substitute for fish meal. Results with pullets showed good feed consumption for all dietary treatments but feed efficiency was decreased (P<0.05) for neutral cassava, acidic maize and acidic cassava fish silage treatments. Pullet mortality was between 0.18 and 4.17%, being significantly (P<0.05) highest in the acidic fish silage diets. Lipid retention, metabolizable energy (ME) and efficiency of energy utilization (ME%) were similar across all treatments except for neutral maize fish silage, in which ME was slightly high and lipid retention low. Egg production and egg size significantly (P<0.05) decreased among groups of birds fed acidic maize acidic cassava and neutral cassava fish silage diets. Similarly, the efficiency of feed conversion to eggs decreased (P<0.05) in all fish silage substituted diets.

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Laukkanen-Ninios, Riikka, Riitta Rahkila, Leena Oivanen, Eeva-Riitta Wirta, and Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa. "Views of veterinarians and meat inspectors concerning the practical application of visual meat inspection on domestic pigs in Finland." Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00003-019-01265-x.

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AbstractThe post-mortem inspection of domestic pigs within the European Union was revised in 2014, primarily to include visual meat inspection of each carcase and offal. Palpations and incisions were removed from routine meat inspection procedures, as they are mostly used to detect pathological lesions caused by organisms irrelevant for public health, and instead can cause cross-contamination of carcases with foodborne pathogens. However, examination of all external surfaces of the carcase and organs, declaration of patho-physiological lesions as unfit for human consumption, and possibility for minimal handling of carcases and offals were held in place. In addition, the European Food Safety Authority suggested that palpation and incisions should be performed outside the slaughter line, but this was not incorporated in the revised legislation. We surveyed in 2014 the opinions of meat inspectors and veterinarians using an online questionnaire to determine what practical measures are required for the visual meat inspection procedure and when meat inspection staff consider additional palpations and incisions necessary. Based on the survey, turning the carcase and organs or technical arrangements such as mirrors were seen necessary to view all external surfaces. In addition, the pluck set cannot be trimmed on the side line. Local lesions, such as abscesses and lesions in the lymph nodes, signs of systemic infection and lymphoma, were the major lesions requiring additional post-mortem meat inspection procedures. Meat inspection personnel raised concerns on the poor quality of food chain information and export requirements demanding palpations and incisions. The efficient use of visual meat inspection requires legislation to better support the implementation and application of it, changes in the slaughter line layout and a possibility to classify incoming pig batches based on their risk.

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Iwaszczuk, Natalia, Marta Szyba, Aleksander Iwaszczuk, and Valentyna Yakubiv. "Production of agricultural biogas from waste – an element of socially responsible actions in the food sector." Acta Innovations, no. 33 (October 1, 2019): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.33.5.

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The agricultural and food sector accounts for substantial volumes of organic waste (such as livestock excreta, meat offals) considered as onerous on the environment. The above decomposes formulating methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in anaerobic conditions. Methane produced in digester chambers of a biomass plant (called biogas) may be applied for the production of electricity and heat, powering of vehicles as well as injections into gas networks. Biogas is one of the renewable sources of energy. In the light of the EU's sustainable development and climate neutrality policies, increasing the share of renewable sources in overall energy consumption is a priority for the Member States. For this reason, the article examines one of the renewable energy sectors in Poland, which is agricultural biogas production. The main attention was focused on agricultural biogas plants. Most often used substrates for biogas production, the dependence of biogas plant location on the population living in particular regions (voivodships) and the development of agriculture in their territories were analysed. The main purpose of the article was to indicate the reasons for the failure of the agricultural biogas plant construction program in Poland. Literature and document analysis were performed, interviews with waste producers as well as owners of agricultural biogas plants were carried out, and SWOT analysis was prepared.

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Bautista-Díaz, Emmanuel, Jesús Alberto Mezo-Solis, José Herrera-Camacho, Aldenamar Cruz-Hernández, Armando Gomez-Vazquez, Luis Orlindo Tedeschi, Héctor Aarón Lee-Rangel, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, and Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul. "Prediction of Carcass Traits of Hair Sheep Lambs Using Body Measurements." Animals 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081276.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the body measurements (BMs) and carcass characteristics of hair sheep lambs. Twenty hours before slaughter, the shrunk body weight (SBW) and BMs were recorded. The BMs involved were height at withers (HW), rib depth (RD), body diagonal length (BDL), body length (BL), pelvic girdle length (PGL), rump depth (RuD), rump height (RH), pin-bone width (PBW), hook-bone width (HBW), abdomen width (AW), girth (GC), and abdomen circumference (AC). After slaughter, the carcasses were weighed and chilled for 24 h at 1 °C, and then were split by the dorsal midline. The left-half was dissected into total soft tissues (muscle + fat; TST) and bone (BON), which were weighed separately. The weights of viscera and organs (VIS), internal fat (IF), and offals (OFF—skin, head, feet, tail, and blood) were also recorded. The equations obtained for predicting SBW, HCW, and CCW had an r2 ranging from 0.89 to 0.99, and those for predicting the TST and BON had an r2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.91, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy. Our results indicated that use of BMs could accurately and precisely be used as a useful tool for predicting carcass characteristics of hair sheep lambs.

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Gao, Hong-Wei, Da-Bing Zhang, Ai-Hu Pan, Wan-Qi Liang, and Cheng-Zhu Liang. "Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for Detection of Bovine Materials in Foodstuffs." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.4.764.

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Abstract Rapid identification of bovine materials in animal foodstuffs is essential for effective control of a potential source of bovine spongiform encephalophathy. A convenient polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed for detection and identification of a bovine-specific genomic DNA sequence in foodstuffs. Simultaneously the assay assessed the DNA quality of the experiment system by amplification of a highly conserved eucaryotic DNA region of the 18-S ribosomal gene, helping to check the reliability of the test result. The amplified bovine-specific PCR product was a genomic DNA fragment of lactoferrin, a low copy gene that was different from a commonly used bovine-specific mitochondria sequence for identification of bovine materials. The specificity of this method was confirmed by the absence of detectable homologous PCR product using reference foodstuff samples that lacked bovine-derived meat and bonemeals, or genomic DNA samples from vertebrates whose offals are commonly included in animal feeds. This method could detect the presence of bovine material in foodstuffs when the samples contained >0.02% bovine-derived meat and bone meal. Furthermore, it was not affected by prolonged heat treatment. The specificity, convenience, and sensitivity of this method suggest that it can be used for the routine detection of bovine-derived materials.

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Maysonnave, Greicy Sofia, Renius de Oliveira Mello, Fabiano Nunes Vaz, Mozer Manetti de Ávila, Leonir Luiz Pascoal, and Ana Clara Trindade Rodrigues. "Physicochemical characterization of by-products from beef cattle slaughter and economic feasibility of commercialization." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 42 (January 30, 2020): e46545. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.46545.

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The aim was to evaluate the proximate food composition, cholesterol content, coloring and economic aspects of the main nutrients present in by-products from the slaughter of cattle. The samples were collected from 14 organs, with four repetitions each, of which we conducted the analyses of moisture, crude protein, mineral matter, cholesterol and fat content. The color was measured through the coordinates L*, a*, b*. The differences between the groups of red and white viscera were evaluated by contrasts analysis. Subsequently, the data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance, which was complemented by the principal component technique. In the analysis of contrast between red and white viscera, the results showed that the components with the highest content of total fat does not necessarily have the highest content of cholesterol and vice-versa. For minerals, the red viscera presented higher content than white viscera and, in order to analyze the protein composition, there was less variability for red viscera in relation to white viscera. In the color analysis, the values for the color readings indicated uniformity between the external and internal readings, except for the tongue. On mean, the proximate composition values for the offals are similar to the values for beef, especially regarding the red viscera.

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Memis Kocaman, Emel, and Nevin Sanlier. "A special dish from traditional Turkish Cuisine: Stuffed lamb ribs." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 2 (November 23, 2015): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3425.

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<p>Turkish people, who have a long historical background, have a rich culture in terms of cuisine. “Dolma” (meal made by stuffing/wrapping) is one of the most important dishes of the Turkish Cuisine. Turks produced very different types of meals made by stuffing or wrapping and by combining herbals, meat and offals products. Stuffed Lamb Ribs (in Turkish; Kaburga Dolması or Sura) is a special dish that is known in many regions of Turkey. Since it is a dish whose preparation is hard and requires virtuosity, it is generally cooked as a feast meal on religious holidays, and commonly cooked on the Feast of Sacrifice for Muslims. This study aims to present how “Stuffed Lamb Ribs” are prepared, which is one of the traditional dishes of Turkish Cuisine and is one stuffed dish that has started to become forgotten. In this study, the data was collected by personal interviews with source people who are over 60 years old, live in different provinces of Turkey, and traditionally cook this dish. This study ensures the promotion of a very special taste, which has begun to be forgotten and is not known widely even in Turkey, at an international level.</p>

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Gogna, Nikhil, and Arvind Kumar. "Efficacy of glucono-delta-lactone on quality traits of goat pickle." Nutrition & Food Science 47, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-01-2016-0006.

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Purpose The present study aims to use goat (Bhakarwali spp.) meat and its edible offal (heart and liver) in preparation of goat pickle and to enhance its shelf-life using food-grade glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as the preservative. Design/methodology/approach The goat meat was used at 50 per cent and edible offals were used at 50 per cent, whereas liver and heart were used at 25 per cent each in the preparation of goat pickle. This formulation of goat meat pickle was prepared in two different oils, namely, mustard oil and olive oil. These designer goat meat pickles were evaluated based on physicochemical and sensory evaluation. Further, GDL was added to these designer pickles prepared in both mustard and olive oil, as preservatives and studied for its storage quality for 90 days at room temperature (30 ± 2°C). The prepared goat meat pickle was evaluated for physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological profiles on 0th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th and 90th day. Findings The pH was recorded significant (p < 0.05) decrease on successive days irrespective of oils (mustard and olive oil) and GDL as acidifying agent and preservative used, respectively, but the rate of decrease in pH was comparatively lower in goat pickle with added GDL. The protein, fats and ash levels significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and the moisture level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased from 0th day to 90th day of storage irrespective of oils and preservatives used. The overall acceptability score of goat pickle made in olive oil and with added GDL was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during storage. The designer goat pickle with addition of GDL was safe for human consumption even after 90 days, whereas designer goat pickle without addition of GDL, was safe till 60th day of storage. Research limitations/implications The shelf-life of the product was evaluated till only 90 days, which should have been extended. However, the study was committed towards assessing the problem for only 90 days. Practical implications GDL can be used to preserve the goat pickle made of meat, and edible offal can be preserved for more than 90 days. Social implications Because of utilization of edible offal, even low-income groups of population can consume animal protein at a lower cost. Originality/value Thus, the used food grade GDL at 0.02 per cent enhanced the shelf-life of the prepared designer goat pickle stored at room temperature (30 ± 20°C) by lowering its pH and acted as an excellent preservative.

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HATHAWAY, STEVE C., and ANDREW I. MCKENZIE. "Postmortem Meat Inspection Programs; Separating Science and Tradition." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.6.471.

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Although a traditional approach to postmortem meat inspection dominates current programs, scientific evidence increasingly suggests that some practices are inappropriately focused. Allocation of inspection resources in modern meat production and processing systems should reflect a distribution according to risk, rather than a distribution according to the classical rules of meat inspection. Postmortem inspection procedures are not usually differentiated according to the class of livestock presented for slaughter, and they may be inappropriate to the spectrum and prevalence of diseases and defects present in a particular geographical region. A risk assessment model can provide the methodology for scientific evaluation of different postmortem inspection procedures, and allow the recognition of equivalent rather than replicated programs by international trading partners. The threat to human (and animal) health posed by various grossly evident diseases detectable by routine meat inspection procedures has been overemphasized relative to the threat posed by inadvertent microbiological contamination of the carcass and offals. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point approach (HACCP) identifies and ranks microbiological and other hazards that can arise at each operational step in a food processing system and is a scientifically based system for process control. It has yet to be introduced as a formal method for regulatory control of slaughter and dressing. The networking of slaughterhouse information back to the farm enhances the preventative approach of HACCP.

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Aina, A. B. J. "Replacing Maize With Cassava Peels Om Finisher Ration Of Cockerels, The Effects On Cut-up Pieces Of The Eviscerated Carcass." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 17 (January 5, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v17i.2052.

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The effects of partial replacement maize with the graded levels of sundried cassava peels in the finisher ration of cockerels on the yields of various cut-up pieces of eviscerated carcass were determined in a 7-week study using 2,835 13-week old cockerels of Isa White breed. Seven finisher rations containing 0, 5, 10, 20, 25 and 30% sundried peels were respectively given to a group of 405 cockerels. The results showed that the birds fed 25% and 30% cassava peel rations had the least response in terms of body weight and eviscerated weight. The proportions of head, shank and viscera were significantly higher in the cockerels fed those rations than those fed with lower grades. This indicates that 25 and 30% cassava peel rations induced the development of inedible offals at the expense of edible meat. Finisher ration containing 20% cassava peels supplied the optimum nutrients for optimum optimum performance in terms of eviscerated yield, growth, body weight and feed conversion efficiency beyond which these parameters started to decline. The results also showed that the low cost of production of cockerels fed rations of cassava peels (30%) overcompensated for the drop in performance, Including 20% cassava peels in the cockerel finisher ration for optimum edible meat yield and 30% cassava peels for the potential economic gain is therefore recommended.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Offals'

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