Journal articles: 'Office du Niger – Mali'

1

Brondeau, Florence. "Agro-business assailing irrigated lands in the Office du Niger area (Mali)." Cahiers Agricultures 20, no. 1-2 (2011): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2011.0472.

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Bélières, Jean-François, Théa Hilhorst, Demba Kébé, Manda Sadio Keïta, Souleymane Keïta, and Oumar Sanogo. "Irrigation and poverty: The case of the Office du Niger in Mali." Cahiers Agricultures 20, no. 1-2 (2011): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2011.0473.

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Samaké, Salimatou, Diakaridia Traoré, Oumarou Goita, et al. "Genetic diversity of rice yellow mottle virus from Niger Office and Selingue Development Rural Office in Mali." Journal of General and Molecular Virology 8, no. 1 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jgmv2018.0072.

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Adamczewski, Amandine, Thomas Hertzog, Jean Yves Jamin, and Jean Philippe Tonneau. "Competition for irrigated land: inequitable land management in the Office du Niger (Mali)." International Journal of Sustainable Development 18, no. 3 (2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2015.070237.

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Diawara, Mamadou. "DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE NORMS: THE OFFICE DU NIGER AND DECENTRALIZATION IN FRENCH SUDAN AND MALI." Africa 81, no. 3 (2011): 434–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972011000210.

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ABSTRACTThis article analyses the historical roots of decentralization, a policy which is presented in the development world as the miracle cure to Third World evils. The text is based on the current literature on the topic as well as field research carried out in Mali in the Office du Niger region, which, already in the colonial period, represented a particular decentralization challenge. It offers a critical perspective on the concept of decentralization, which some trace back to the Middle Ages, and examines colonial experiences. How can the Malian state, inherited from the colonial state, decentralize everything whilst adopting the policy according to which the lands of the central delta of the Niger have been state-owned property since 1935? The aim is to show the analogy between problems encountered by the French colonial state and those that plague the Malian post-colonial state, whilst guarding against the sirens of a false authenticity reeking of neo-traditionalism.

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Camara, Bakary. "THE DYNAMICS OF LAND TENURE SYSTEMS IN THE NIGER BASIN, MALI." Africa 83, no. 1 (2013): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972012000721.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines, through different processes of changing land use and land tenure, the various types of formal and informal contractual relations existing in two areas of the Niger Basin in southern Mali that are dominated economically by two parastatal companies: Compagnie Malienne pour le Développement du Textile (CMDT) and Office du Niger (ON). The article shows how the production interventions of these two companies shape the framework of land administration in the Niger Basin and the context in which customary relations operate, and lead to the commodification of land relations. It traces the various routes, contracts and arrangements through which people gain access to agricultural land. Besides describing the various transactions in land and contractual relationships, the article also analyses land leasing, sharecropping and various other ways of gaining secondary rights through prestations and loans. Finally, it describes the various land conflicts, the actors involved in making various claims on land and claims to land administration, and the institutions and institutional pluralism that emerge in conflict resolution. The article links these to the increasing commodification of land and agriculture, and the domination of policy by economic liberalism.

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Ballo, Mamadou, Nathaniel S. Olutegbe, and Adegbenga E. Adekoya. "Welfare status of rice farming household in office du Niger Segou Region of Mali." Journal of Agricultural Extension 22, no. 3 (2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v22i3.7.

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8

Adamczewski, Amandine, Jean-Philippe Tonneau, Yacouba Coulibaly, and Jean-Yves Jamin. "Concessions de terres et dynamiques sociales dans la zone office du Niger au Mali." Études rurales, no. 191 (July 16, 2013): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.9762.

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9

Bendix, Daniel. "Ein ewiges Hin und Her." Vertreibung durch Entwicklungsprojekte 39, no. 2-2019 (2019): 264–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/peripherie.v39i2.07.

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Dieser Beitrag untersucht bäuerlichen Widerstand gegen Vertreibung durch Landgrabbing in dem zu Zeiten der französischen Kolonialherrschaft gegründeten Entwicklungsprojekt Office du Niger in Mali. In dem analysierten Fall handelt es sich um eine fast zehn Jahre andauernde Auseinandersetzung zwischen Kleinbäuerinnen und -bauern und einem malischen Großunternehmer um landwirtschaftlich nutzbare Flächen. Es werden drei Strategien kleinbäuerlichen Widerstands identifiziert (kollektives Vorgehen, Anrufung des Staates, nationale und internationale Allianzen) und deren Möglichkeiten und Beschränkungen diskutiert. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass der Kampf um Rückgabe des entzogenen Landes bzw. für umfassende Kompensation bislang erfolglos war, weil zum einen keine Einigkeit zwischen den Akteur*innen des Widerstands besteht und zum anderen die Verwaltungsbehörde Office du Niger wie ein „listiger“ Staat im Staat agiert. Erfolgreich ist der Widerstand hingegen insofern, als er immer noch andauert, wobei insbesondere transnationale Allianzbildung und die Adressierung von „Gebern“ wie der Afrikanischen Entwicklungsbank und dem BMZ Wirkung zeigt.

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10

Adamczewski, Amandine, Jean-Yves Jamin, Perrine Burnod, El Hadj Boutout Ly, and Jean-Philippe Tonneau. "Land, water, and capital: Investments or land grabbing in the Office du Niger area (Mali)?" Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 1 (2013): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2012.0601.

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11

Roudart, Laurence, and Benoît Dave. "Land policy, family farms, food production and livelihoods in the Office du Niger area, Mali." Land Use Policy 60 (January 2017): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.029.

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12

Diaraba Keita, Zoumana, Germán Santacruz de León, and Julio Cámara-Córdova. "THE OFFICE DU NIGER: BETWEEN COOPERATION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HYDRO-AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN MALI." Textual, no. 73 (June 28, 2019): 179–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.textual.2018.73.11.

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13

Roudart, Laurence, and Benoît Dave. "Minimum areas for economic viability of family rice farms in the Office du Niger area (Mali)." Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 5 (2013): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2013.0654.

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14

Balié, Jean, Alban Mas Aparisi, Hélène Gourichon, Lamissa Diakité, and Fatoumata Diallo. "Analysis of incentives to rice production in the area of the Office du Niger in Mali." Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 5 (2013): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2013.0655.

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15

SOGOBA, NAFOMON, YÉYA T. TOURÉ, SEYDOU DOUMBIA, et al. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS IN THE RICE CULTIVATION AREA OF OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, no. 6 (2007): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.1009.

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16

Vandersypen, K., A. C. T. Keita, K. Kaloga, Y. Coulibaly, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Sustainability of farmers' organization of water management in the Office du Niger irrigation scheme in Mali." Irrigation and Drainage 55, no. 1 (2006): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.215.

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Vandersypen, K., B. Verbist, A. C. T. Keita, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Linking Performance and Collective Action—the Case of the Office du Niger Irrigation Scheme in Mali." Water Resources Management 23, no. 1 (2008): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9269-1.

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18

Sidibé, Yoro, and Timothy O. Williams. "Agricultural land investments and water management in the Office du Niger, Mali: options for improved water pricing." Water International 41, no. 5 (2016): 738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1178900.

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19

Zwart, Sander J., and Lucie M. C. Leclert. "A remote sensing-based irrigation performance assessment: a case study of the Office du Niger in Mali." Irrigation Science 28, no. 5 (2009): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-009-0199-3.

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20

Vandersypen, K., A. C. T. Keita, B. Coulibaly, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Drainage problems in the rice schemes of the Office du Niger (Mali) in relation to water management." Agricultural Water Management 89, no. 1-2 (2007): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.12.006.

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21

Brondeau, Florence. "Des périmètres irrigués saheliens à la recherche d'une nécessaire intégration régionale : exemple du Macina (Office du Niger, Mali)." Cahiers d'outre-mer 54, no. 215 (2001): 249–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/caoum.2001.3815.

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22

Vandersypen, K., L. Bastiaens, A. Traoré, B. Diakon, D. Raes, and J. Y. Jamin. "Farmers' motivation for collective action in irrigation: a statistical approach applied to the Office du Niger in Mali." Irrigation and Drainage 57, no. 2 (2008): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.355.

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23

Koné, Yénizié, Betty Wampfler, and Jean-François Bélières. "Contribution des institutions de micro financement à l'agriculture familiale dans la zone de l'Office du Niger au Mali. (Contribution of microcredit institutions to family farming in the Niger office area of Mali)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 86, no. 2 (2009): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.2009.2670.

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24

Hertzog, T., J. C. Poussin, B. Tangara, and J. Y. Jamin. "Participatory foresight to address long-term issues in a large irrigation scheme. An example in Office du Niger, Mali." Land Use Policy 64 (May 2017): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.043.

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25

Soumano, Lassine, and Mamoudou Traoré. "Contribution of an innovation platform to change the management of collective irrigation: a case study from the Office du Niger (Mali)." Cahiers Agricultures 26, no. 4 (2017): 45003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2017030.

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26

Vandersypen, Klaartje, Kongotigui Bengaly, Abdoulaye C. T. Keita, Souleymane Sidibe, Dirk Raes, and Jean-Yves Jamin. "Irrigation performance at tertiary level in the rice schemes of the Office du Niger (Mali): Adequate water delivery through over-supply." Agricultural Water Management 83, no. 1-2 (2006): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.11.003.

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27

Coulibaly, G., M. Diallo, H. Madsen, A. Dabo, M. Traoré, and S. Keita. "Comparison of schistosome transmission in a single- and a double-cropped area in the rice irrigation scheme, ‘Office du Niger’, Mali." Acta Tropica 91, no. 1 (2004): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.02.008.

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28

Becker, Laurence C. "An early experiment in the reorganisation of agricultural production in the French Soudan (Mali), 1920–40." Africa 64, no. 3 (1994): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160787.

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Water control has long appeared an attractive technological solution to risky farming i n zones dependent on rain-fed cropping systems, especially in semi-arid regions. From the early twentieth century, European technicians and administrators sought to develop irrigated agriculture in African colonies. In the French Soudan the earliest colonial waterworks date back to the 1920s, just outside Bamako, in the vicinity of Baguineda. From Baguineda the French went on to develop a much larger-scale irrigation project north of Segou known as the Office du Niger. This study uses archival documents to show that a new system of crop production was imposed on peasants by the colonial state. Using labour requisitions and in some cases forced resettlement, the colony introduced new crops and technology for rapid intensification, and in so doing organised a new agricultural system oriented primarily towards the market. The Baguineda project began as, and remained, an enclave, spatially distinct from the surrounding dryland grain and pulse cropping system oriented primarily towards lineage reproduction. In common with many subsequent introduced agricultural development projects in Africa, its lack of success was due in part to the conflicting interests of poor peasant workers and powerful foreign promoters.

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29

De Clercq, D., M. Sacko, J. Vercruysse, et al. "Circulating anodic and cathodic antigen in serum and urine of mixed Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni infections in Office du Niger, Mali." Tropical Medicine and International Health 2, no. 7 (1997): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-354.x.

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30

Tekete, C., S. Cunnac, H. Doucouré, et al. "Characterization of New Races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Mali Informs Resistance Gene Deployment." Phytopathology® 110, no. 2 (2020): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-19-0070-r.

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Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae represents a severe threat to rice cultivation in Mali. Characterizing the pathotypic diversity of bacterial populations is key to the management of pathogen-resistant varieties. Forty-one X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates were collected between 2010 and 2013 in the major rice growing regions in Mali. All isolates were virulent on the susceptible rice variety Azucena; evaluation of the isolates on 12 near isogenic rice lines, each carrying a single resistance gene, identified six new races (A4 to A9) and confirmed race A3 that was previously reported in Mali. Races A5 and A6, isolated in Office du Niger and Sélingué, were the most prevalent races in Mali. Race A9 was the most virulent, circumventing all of the resistance genes tested. Xa3 controlled six of seven races (i.e., 89% of the isolates tested). The expansion of race A9 represents a major risk to rice cultivation and highlights the urgent need to identify a local source of resistance. We selected 14 isolates of X. oryzae pv. oryzae representative of the most prevalent races to evaluate 29 rice varieties grown by farmers in Mali. Six isolates showed a high level of resistance to X. oryzae pv. oryzae and were then screened with a larger collection of isolates. Based on the interactions among the six varieties and the X. oryzae pv. oryzae isolates, we characterized eight different pathotypes (P1 to P8). Two rice varieties, SK20-28 and Gigante, effectively controlled all of the isolates tested. The low association observed among races and pathotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae suggests that the resistance observed in the local rice varieties does not simply rely on single known Xa genes. X. oryzae pv. oryzae is pathogenically and geographically diverse. Both the races of X. oryzae pv. oryzae characterized in this study and the identification of sources of resistance in local rice varieties provide useful information to inform the design of effective breeding programs for resistance to bacterial leaf blight in Mali.

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De Clercq, D., M. Sacko, J. Vercruysse, et al. "Assessment of cure by detection of circulating antigens in serum and urine, following schistosomiasis mass treatment in two villages of the Office du Niger, Mali." Acta Tropica 68, no. 3 (1997): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(97)00111-3.

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32

Street-Perrott, F. A., J. F. B. Mitchell, D. S. Marchand, and J. S. Brunner. "Milankovitch and albedo forcing of the tropical monsoons: a comparison of geological evidence and numerical simulations for 9000 yBP." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 81, no. 4 (1990): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300020897.

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ABSTRACTLake-level and palaeoecological evidence from Africa, Arabia and southern Asia for 9000 yBP suggests an intensification and increased poleward penetration of the northern monsoons. The vegetation belts shifted north by 4–6° latitude on the south side of the Sahara. In contrast, the monsoon over southern Africa was weaker than today. Calculations based on the new palaeogeographical map of Mali by Petit-Maire et al. (1988) indicated that the areaaveraged surface albedo decreased by 0·10–0·14 in the zone 16–24°N and that total annual precipitation increased by 150–320 mm north of the inland delta of the Niger (20–24° 15′N). Experiments with atmospheric general-circulation models suggest that this asymmetrical pattern of anomalies in the strength of the tropical monsoons can be explained in broad terms by the different orbital configuration of the Earth at 9000 yBP. Here, we describe a hitherto unpublished sensitivity experiment with the low-resolution (5° × 7·5°) version of the U.K. Meteorological Office 11-layer model, in which the albedo over Africa and Arabia between 15 and 30°N was reduced by between 0·04 and 0·06 to simulate the increase in vegetation cover at 9000 yBP. The results indicate that the surface-albedo change provides a significant positive feedback enhancing the direct climatic effects of Milankovitch forcing in the tropics.

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Bwaka, Ado, André Bita, Clément Lingani, et al. "Status of the Rollout of the Meningococcal Serogroup A Conjugate Vaccine in African Meningitis Belt Countries in 2018." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (2019): S140—S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz336.

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Abstract Background A novel meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV [MenAfriVac]) was developed as part of efforts to prevent frequent meningitis outbreaks in the African meningitis belt. The MACV was first used widely and with great success, beginning in December 2010, during initial deployment in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. Since then, MACV rollout has continued in other countries in the meningitis belt through mass preventive campaigns and, more recently, introduction into routine childhood immunization programs associated with extended catch-up vaccinations. Methods We reviewed country reports on MACV campaigns and routine immunization data reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa from 2010 to 2018, as well as country plans for MACV introduction into routine immunization programs. Results By the end of 2018, 304 894 726 persons in 22 of 26 meningitis belt countries had received MACV through mass preventive campaigns targeting individuals aged 1–29 years. Eight of these countries have introduced MACV into their national routine immunization programs, including 7 with catch-up vaccinations for birth cohorts born after the initial rollout. The Central African Republic introduced MACV into its routine immunization program immediately after the mass 1- to 29-year-old vaccinations in 2017 so no catch-up was needed. Conclusions From 2010 to 2018, successful rollout of MACV has been recorded in 22 countries through mass preventive campaigns followed by introduction into routine immunization programs in 8 of these countries. Efforts continue to complete MACV introduction in the remaining meningitis belt countries to ensure long-term herd protection.

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34

Bertrand, Alain, and Pierre Montagne. "Stratégies énergie domestique et gestion durable des ressources forestières au Niger et au Mali : gestion, domanialité, fiscalité et contrôle forestier." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 301, no. 301 (2009): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.301.a20409.

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Les stratégies d'énergie domestique ont été mises en oeuvre à grande échelle au Niger puis au Mali à partir des années 1990. Avec plus d'une décennie de recul, il est possible de dresser un bilan comparatif de la mise en oeuvre de ces stratégies au Niger et au Mali. Ce bilan fait apparaître, audelà des similitudes, des différences fondamentales. L'article se focalise sur les résultats en termes d'aménagement forestier et de gestion durable des ressources ligneuses. Si le bilan est largement positif au Niger, il n'en est pas de même au Mali. Les modalités de la fiscalité forestière et du contrôle forestier expliquent ces différences. Le Niger et le Mali sont donc maintenant confrontés à leurs propres nouveaux défis qui s'avèrent différents. Le Niger doit assurer la généralisation de la gestion forestière par les marchés ruraux. Quant au Mali, il doit reprendre à la base la réforme de la réglementation et de la fiscalité forestières dans le cadre de la décentralisation. (Résumé d'auteur)

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35

Blanck, Jean Pierre, and Jean L. F. Tricart. "L'Office du Niger, mirage du développement au Mali ?" Annales de Géographie 98, no. 549 (1989): 567–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geo.1989.20928.

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36

Thom, Derrick J., and John C. Wells. "Farming Systems in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali." Geographical Review 77, no. 3 (1987): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214124.

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Schmidt, Annette M. "The Pre- and ProtohistoricToguéof the Niger Alluvial Plain, Mali." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 76 (2010): 319–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000542.

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The Inland Niger Delta in Mali is scattered with thousands of tell-like dwelling mounds that testify to the rich archaeological heritage of this attractive occupation area. The results of archaeological research suggest an occupation history of more than two millennia in which large urban settlements such as Djenné-Djeno and Dia play a central role. Regional surveys have revealed primary information on the vast rural hinterland of these extensive cities, but little is known about the structure and evolution of this considerable settlement system. The aim of the re-examination of 128 sites in the southern part of the Niger alluvial plain was to obtain an understanding of intersite relations based on sites' chronological, functional, socio-economic, and hierarchical differentiation and their participation in different trade networks. For the research it was crucial to find a method to date the last occupation period of the sites using surface remains. The results of the study emphasise the former occupants' preference for the most elevated landscape units close to fertile pastures, good cultivation grounds, and extensive fishing potential for their settlement sites. The occupants' ability to distribute and exchange agricultural surplus for luxury goods – imported via regional, inter-regional and trans-Saharan trade networks – is impressive, showing that they were able to compete with occupants of the large urban centres. Although the rural sites were much smaller than Djenné-Djeno and Dia, they were well connected. The rural hinterland apparently played an important role in most of the great West African empires. Population densities of the Inland Niger Delta were high for a long time, until the trade routes changed in the 15th century AD and the region became socio-politically unstable. This led to the abandonment of settlements, first around the urban settlements, and later also in the rural hinterland. The present-day occupation of the region is only a poor reflection of its impressive past.

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38

Dalal, Koustuv, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Sourav Mandal, Gainel Ussatayeva, Ming Shinn Lee, and Animesh Biswas. "Adolescent girls’ attitudes toward female genital mutilation: a study in seven African countries." F1000Research 7 (March 20, 2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14142.1.

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Background: The study’s aim is to examine adolescent girls’ attitudes toward the continuation or discontinuation of female genital mutilation (FGM) in association with their demographics in seven different countries in Africa. Methods: Data from the women’s survey of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted by the respective ministries (of Health and Family Welfare) in Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Sierra Leone were used. Adolescent girls (15–19 years) were included in the current analysis: Egypt (N=636), Guinea (N=1994), Kenya (N= 1767), Mali (N=2791), Niger (N=1835), Senegal (N=3604), Sierra Leone (N=1237). Results: Prevalence of supporting the continuation of FGM among adolescent girls was in Egypt 58%, Guinea 63%, Kenya 16%, Mali 72%, Niger 3%, Senegal 23%, and Sierra Leone 52%. Being Muslim and having low economic status were significantly associated with supporting the continuation of FGM in five of the participating countries. Girls having no education or only primary education in Guinea, Kenya, Mali and Sierra Leone exhibited a higher likelihood of supporting FGM than girls with secondary or higher education. In Egypt, Niger and Senegal there was no association between education and supporting FGM. The girls who stated that they had no exposure to media showed the higher likelihood of supporting FGM in Guinea, Kenya, and Senegal than those with exposure to media. Conclusions: The current study argues that increasing media coverage and education, and reducing poverty are of importance for shifting adolescent girls’ attitudes in favor of discontinuation of FGM.

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39

Arnould, Eric J., and Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan. "Les Sociétés Songhay-Zarma (Niger-Mali): Chefs, guerriers, esclaves, paysans." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 1 (1987): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485115.

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40

Tambo, Ernest, Oluwasogo A. Olalubi, and Moussa Sacko. "Rift valley fever epidemic in Niger near border with Mali." Lancet Infectious Diseases 16, no. 12 (2016): 1319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30477-7.

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41

Fontes, Jean-Charles, John N. Andrews, W. Michael Edmunds, Alain Guerre, and Yves Travi. "Paleorecharge by the Niger River (Mali) Deduced from groundwater geochemistry." Water Resources Research 27, no. 2 (1991): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90wr01703.

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42

Wilson, J. P., D. E. Hess, and K. A. Kumar. "Dactuliophora Leaf Spot of Pearl Millet in Niger and Mali." Plant Disease 84, no. 2 (2000): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.2.201d.

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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) fields and cultivar trials in Sadoré, Niger, and Samanko, Mali, were surveyed in late August 1999 Most plants were in the late stem elongation to panicle exertion stage Local open-pollinated cultivars, experimental hybrids, and inbreds had disease severities of up to 10% of foliage diseased, with most severe disease on lower leaves. Individual, young, brown necrotic lesions averaged 2 × 1 mm and were surrounded by circular to irregular purple watersoaked margins 1 to 7 mm wide. Lesions expanded in irregular concentric rings, with zones of necrosis often separated by zones of green tissue Mature, individual lesions averaged 4.3 × 1.9 cm. Entire leaves could be blighted by coalescing lesions. No sclerotia were observed in young lesions, but sclerotia consistently developed and were macroscopically visible in necrotic tissues of older lesions. Sclerotia were oblong to pyriform (averaging 178 × 124 mm) and borne on erumpent, cup-shaped sclerotiophores. When incubated under high humidity, sterile gray mycelia grew rapidly from necrotic lesions up to a distance of ≈5 mm on the lower leaf surface, which likely resulted in the large concentric zones necrosis. Fungal characteristics and symptoms were consistent with disease caused by Dactuliophora elongata Leakey (1,2). Based on observations at the International Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Virulence Nursery in Mali, it is likely that resistance to D. elongata exists. Leaf spot of pearl millet caused by D. elongata has been reported only in Nigeria (1,2). Our observations confirm that the pathogen also is present on pearl millet Niger and Mali. References: (1) C. L. A. Leakey. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 47:341, 1964. (2) P. D. Tyagi Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. (Plant Sci.) 94:407, 1985.

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Krings, Thomas. "Marginalisation and revolt among the Tuareg in Mali and Niger." GeoJournal 36, no. 1 (1995): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00812527.

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Larwanou, M., A. Raebild, R. Issa, and E. D. Kjær. "Performance of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd Provenances in Dryland Savannah of Niger." Silvae Genetica 59, no. 1-6 (2010): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2010-0025.

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Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 11 Acacia senegal provenances in Niger, West Africa, grown on 2 different soil types. Among the provenances, 6 are from Niger, 4 from Mali and 1 from Sudan. The assessment was carried out with measurements of growth parameters (survival rate, height, diameter and basal area) as well as gum and fruit production at age 15. The results showed significant differences in growth parameters between soil types and provenances. The provenances from Mali perform best, followed by the local Niger provenances. There were no significant differences in gum and fruit production between provenances, but it cannot be excluded that this was a result of limited power in the test of provenance variation in these traits. Survival of the provenances was correlated to the precipitation and the latitude of the origin, whereas basal area was correlated to latitude, and height was correlated to longitude/altitude at the origin. Recommendations could be made for genetic selection of two Mali provenances if growth is a desired character. We conclude that recommendations in terms of gum and fruit production must be based on a relative high number of sample trees as tree to tree variation within provenances may be large.

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Bedaux, Rogier, Kevin MacDonald, Alain Person, et al. "The Dia archaeological project: rescuing cultural heritage in the Inland Niger Delta (Mali)." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (2001): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089419.

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Mali is a country with a rich history and diverse cultures. Its cultural heritage is, however, threatened by both the pillage of archaeological sites and illicit trade (ICOM 1995; Bedaux & Rowlands, this volunle). Looting has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in the Inland Delta of the Niger, and has obliged Malian authorities to take measures to counteract this destruction. Within the framework of a long-term Malian-Dutch cultural heritage programme, the Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde at Leiden recently initiated large-scale excavations in the Inland Niger Delta at Dia, in close cooperation with the Université du Mali, the Institut des Sciences Humaines and the Musée National du Mali in Bamako, the Mission Culturelle in Djenné, the Universities of Paris I and VI, the C.N.R.S., University College London and Leiden University. This excavation, financed principally by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, started in 1998 and will continue until 2004. It is a continuation of previous international programmes of site survey and documentation in the Inland Niger Delta, which the Institut des Sciences Humaines in Bamako has co-ordinated over the past two decades (e.g. Raimbault & Sanogo 1991; Dembele et al. 1993; Togola 1996). An initial season of prospection was carried out in 1998 in the Inland Delta, following which the vicinity of Dia was chosen as the principal research zone for the project.

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Ferry, Luc, Michel Mietton, Nadine Muther, et al. "Extraction de sables et tendance à l'incision du Niger supérieur (Mali)." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 18, no. 3 (2012): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.9966.

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Olivier de Sardan, Jean-Pierre, and Valéry Ridde. "L'exemption de paiement des soins au Burkina Faso, Mali et Niger." Afrique contemporaine 243, no. 3 (2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.243.0011.

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Deltenre, Damien. "Gestion des ressources minérales et conflits au Mali et au Niger." NAQD N° 31, no. 1 (2014): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/naqd.031.0223.

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Zeitoun, V., E. Gatto, H. Rougier, and S. Sidibé. "Dia Shoma(Mali), a medieval cemetery in the inner Niger delta." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 14, no. 2 (2004): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.716.

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Maiga, S. "Small ruminant morbidity and mortality in the delta of Niger, Mali." Small Ruminant Research 9, no. 2 (1992): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(92)90197-c.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Office du Niger – Mali'

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