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Academic literature on the topic 'Office tenant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Office tenant"

You, Seung-Dong, and Taly I. "Tenant Turnover in Office Markets." Journal of Korea Real Estate Analysists Association 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19172/kreaa.26.3.1.

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S. Rolbina, Elena, Natalia V. Kalenskaya, Aida Z. Novenkova, and Wilfred Isioma Ukpere. "Marketing foundation for retail and office center’s tenant mix." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(1-1).2016.11.

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The issues of retail and office center structure formation are developed and presented in the existent literature. This article argues that in each case, these issues need to be refined depending on the location, the number of neighborhood and the surrounding streets’ residents, the presence of other shops and services within walking distance, etc. The purpose of this article is to confirm the abovementioned specificity during the marketing research, in order to evaluate the significance of the factors forming the structure of retail and office center for the population and future tenants. A survey of 200 residents and 100 business owners and managers was conducted. The study’s results allow the formulation of a framework of retail and office center, determining the number of tenants, taking into account their preferences, and getting a list of interested tenants. It also shows the way to facilitate optimization of the layout of the center with regards to the requirements of the anchor tenants, high-footfall shops and customers; to develop the best routes to distribute customers across the floors and center’s zones

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Lee, Irene Y. L., Huiyu Chen, and Robert L. K. Tiong. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO TENANT ORGANIZATIONS' WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY FOR THE INTANGIBLE VALUE-ADDED BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS: CASE STUDY IN SINGAPORE." Journal of Green Building 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 191–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.3.191.

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This research aims to understand the demand for sustainable buildings by investigating the tenant organizations' willingness-to-pay (WTP) behavior towards the value-added benefits (VABs). Tenant organizations refer to tenants operating in office buildings on tenancy agreement. Six groups of factors of tenant organizations' WTP for the VABs are identified: (1) Organization Characteristics, (2) Current Premises, (3) Building Characteristics, (4) Satisfaction of the VABs Experienced, (5) Perception, and (6) Knowledge of Sustainability Issues, Building Sustainability Rating Systems and Building Impacts. A survey was conducted on the tenant organizations operating in office buildings located in the city area of Singapore. The hypothesized relationship between the tenant organizations' WTP for the VABs and its factors were tested using a series of statistical techniques on the data collected from the survey. It is found that older tenant organizations tend to have lower WTP for the VABs of improved health and comfort of their employees. Generally, tenant organizations also have demand for sustainable buildings mainly due to the positive organizational image that sustainable buildings help to project. In addition, it is found that the current building sustainability rating systems are inadequate for communicating the sustainability benefits to building occupants and for achieving building sustainability. Lastly, the investigation reveals that the use of sustainable technologies is not as important as how the building is being managed during its operational stage for ensuring building sustainability performance. The findings from this study are useful for channeling the sustainability efforts of the building industry to more effective areas.

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Appel-Meulenbroek, Rianne, Mike van de Kar, Pauline van den Berg, and Theo Arentze. "Employees’ preferences for services and facilities offered in serviced offices." Facilities 37, no. 1/2 (February 4, 2019): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-10-2017-0098.

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PurposeServiced offices are popular, offering many services and facilities to attract tenants. As research showed that most business centres occupy similar buildings, services are important to differentiate. All kinds of people use them (from freelancers to employees of large corporates) and their characteristics are likely to influence how they value different services. This study aims to identify which services/facilities are perceived as most important and whether end-user characteristics explain differences between users regarding these preferences. Serviced office owners and operators can use the insights obtained from this study to differentiate their product offer from competitors and aim for specific tenant market segments.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a questionnaire among 137 end-users in 13 serviced offices in The Netherlands. With principal component analysis, 31 services and facilities could be reduced to six independent factors and four additional services. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine effects of user characteristics (employee demographics, job characteristics and reasons for using serviced offices) on perceived importance of each service/facility (factor).FindingsResults showed that organisational characteristics had little effect on perceived importance of services and facilities. Especially the time spent at the office and the reasons for using it showed effects on importance of different services and facilities. Amenities like a gym and childcare were not deemed important by most of the respondents.Originality/valueSo far, research on office users focused largely on single-tenant offices and large corporates. Serviced offices have only been studied from the supply side until now.

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Mathew, Paul, Cindy Regnier, Jordan Shackelford, and Travis Walter. "Energy Efficiency Package for Tenant Fit-Out: Laboratory Testing and Validation of Energy Savings and Indoor Environmental Quality." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 5311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205311.

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Approximately 40% of the total U.S. office floor space of 1.5 billion sq.m (16 billion sq.ft.) is leased space occupied by tenants. Tenant fit-out presents a key opportunity to incorporate energy efficiency within the real estate business cycle. We designed a package of energy efficiency measures tailored to the scope of a tenant fit-out. This tenant fit-out package (TFP) includes advanced lighting and heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) controls as core measures, with ceiling fans, automated shading, and plug load controls as additional optional measures. We conducted laboratory testing of six configurations of the package to evaluate energy savings, indoor environmental quality, and identify installation, commissioning, and operational issues. Combined savings for HVAC, lighting, and plug loads ranged from 33–40%. Lighting savings ranged from 69–83%, and HVAC savings from 20–40%. The laboratory testing also revealed some minor but tractable challenges with installation and commissioning of HVAC controls. Overall, the results demonstrate that significant savings can be realized in existing office buildings by incorporating relatively low-risk, proven measures at the time of a tenant fit-out.

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Bottom, Connel, Stanley McGreal, and George Heaney. "Evaluating office environments using tenant organization perceptions." Facilities 15, no. 7/8 (July 1997): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02632779710168236.

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Cheah, Jun-Hwa, Siew-Imm Ng, Hiram Ting, Mumtaz Ali Memon, and Siat Ching Stephanie Loo. "CUSTOMER ORIENTATION AND OFFICE SPACE PERFORMANCE: ASSESSING THE MODERATING EFFECT OF BUILDING GRADE USING PLS-MGA." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 23, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2019.7437.

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This study presents a framework to measure and empirically validate the relationship between customer orientation and office space performance. The framework uses two types of customer orientation (i.e., responsive customer orientation and proactive customer orientation) and two types of office space performance metrics (i.e., tenant satisfaction and tenant loyalty). Moreover, the building grade (Grade A and Non-grade A) is incorporated into the framework to assess its moderating effect on the relationships. 380 usable responses were collected from building managers in Grade A and Non-grade A buildings using a questionnaire survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was utilized to perform latent variable and multi-group analyses. The findings indicate that proactive customer orientation enhances satisfaction to a level not reached by responsive customer orientation as well as suggesting the applicability of both customer orientations in different scenarios. While proactive customer orientation practices lead to higher satisfaction in Non-grade A office ten-ants, responsive customer orientation practices lead to greater satisfaction in grade A office tenants. The latter tend to be more satisfied with Grade A office and thus loyal. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

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Karunasena, Gayani, Dimuthu Vijerathne, and Harsha Muthmala. "Preliminary framework to manage tenant satisfaction in facilities management service encounters." Facilities 36, no. 3/4 (March 5, 2018): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-05-2016-0050.

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Purpose Homogeneity in the main business of renting office spaces among commercial facilities has led to fierce competition. To retain tenant attractiveness, many are now concerned about the quality of facilities management (FM) services in addition to the rent, office space and location. The quality of FM service can be attained with successful service encounters. Thus, this paper aims to establish an initial platform on which tenant satisfaction in FM service encounters can be achieved. Design/methodology/approach The preliminary survey focused on gaining insights into FM encounters in commercial sector and applicability of service attributes under SERVQUAL model. The detailed survey concentrated on determining tenant perceptions on satisfactory levels of service attributes developed in the preliminary study and relationships between FM encounters and different service attributes. The collection of descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the results. Findings This study’s findings reveal assurance and empathy to be highly correlated to tenant satisfaction, while other attributes are less correlated. However, perceptions of satisfaction levels of tenants on tangibility and reliability provides contradictory results to its correlation values. Satisfaction level in remote service encounters is lower compared to phone and face-to-face encounters. Complexity and management concerns toward physical facilities are imperative to uplift satisfaction in remote encounters. Research limitations/implications The scope of study was limited to FM encounters in Sri Lankan Grade “A” commercial office properties with high quality standard finishes, state-of-the-art systems, exceptional accessibility and a definite market presence in Colombo. Originality/value The study developed a preliminary framework that guides users to identify the best combinations of service attributes with respective FM encounters, where tenant satisfaction needs to be achieved.

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Gabe, Jeremy, and Michael Rehm. "Do tenants pay energy efficiency rent premiums?" Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-09-2013-0058.

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Purpose – Using a unique data set, the purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that tenants pay increased accommodation costs for space in energy efficient office property. Design/methodology/approach – The authors obtain lease contracts for office space in central Sydney, Australia. Empirical data on annual gross face rent and contract terms from each lease are combined with building characteristics and measured energy performance at the time of lease. Hedonic regression isolates the effect of energy performance on gross face rent. Findings – No significant price differentials emerged as a function of energy performance, leading to a conclusion that tenants are not willing to pay for energy efficiency. Six factors – tenancy floor level, submarket location, proximity to transit, market fixed effects, building quality specification and, surprisingly, outgoings liability – consistently explain over 85 per cent of gross face rent prices in Sydney. Research limitations/implications – Rent premiums from an asset owner's perspective could emerge as a result of occupancy premiums, market timing or agent bias combined with statistically insignificant rental price differentials. Practical implications – Tenants are likely indifferent to energy costs because the paper demonstrates that energy efficiency lacks financial salience and legal obligation in Sydney. This means that split incentives between owner and tenant are not a substantial barrier to energy efficiency investment in this market. Originality/value – This study is the first to thoroughly examine energy efficiency rent price premiums at the tenancy scale in response to disclosure of measured performance. It also presents evidence against the common assumption that rent premiums at the asset scale reflect tenant willingness to pay for energy efficiency.

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Zhang, Liang, Peng Xu, and Zheng Wei Li. "Relationship between Energy Consumption and Service Level: A Survey of Class a Office Buildings in Shanghai." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1545.

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There has been a boom of Class A office buildings in Shanghai in recent years. Due to the high requirements of indoor environment in Class A office buildings, these buildings typically consume larger energy than other office buildings. To have a picture of how these buildings perform in terms of energy, a survey was conducted recently. This survey was targeted at investigating monthly energy consumption, occupancy rate, and Indoor Environment Quality of twenty Class A office buildings in Shanghai in two consecutive years (2009 and 2010). The results show that average energy consumption intensity of surveyed buildings amounts 230.52 kWh/m2. The energy consumption intensity of the base section (including energy use for public services) is about two times higher than that of the tenant section (energy use in tenant space), suggesting that base section has larger energy saving potential than tenant section. The results also indicate that energy consumption of Class A office buildings has no direct relationship with occupancy rate and IEQ. However, the LEED certified green buildings do bring higher rent in average to building owners.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Office tenant"

Starikova, Anastasia. "OPTIMAL OFFICE FOR TENANT: DESIGN PERSPECTIVES." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-89792.

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At present the office real estate market in Sweden faces new challenges since the economic and real estate crisis of 2008-2010 years. Since the time of economic and real estate crisis of 2008-2010 years, the office real estate market has started to face new challenges. For example, office vacancy rates have increased significantly and challenges how to find the tenant for office premises became very actual. At the same time the demand for high quality office premises still exists on the market but with new requirements to the standards of the office working space. It is happening because the employees’ needs and requirements become more oriented to the comfort and safety of the working place. The employers try to keep and motivate employees by providing the most efficient and comfortable office space to work in and balance on cost-quality issues at the same time. In order to influence on demand from tenants’ and empower tenant search process the landlords have to use new, more competitive methods. The external design of the building and internal design of the office space in particular become more and more significant in leasing, sub-leasing and buying premises property purchase at the real estate office market. It is also useful and important because tenants can change the interior and design project upon their business needs and company’s strategies. The aim of this research paper is to set up the hypothesis that the office’s space design has a significant influence on tenant search process, plays the key role in so-called optimal office for tenant and tests above mentioned hypothesis by the empirical research study (method of questionnaire) among real “market players”-tenant representatives, consulting agencies and property owners. The location for the research and analysis activities is selected as Stockholm and Stockholm’s region, time frame is September - October 2010.

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Asser, Rebecca 1978. "The determinants of office tenant renewal." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26714.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 53).
This study empirically examines the historical probability of renewal for nearly three-hundred properties across forty-one Metropolitan Statistical Areas throughout the United States. It then investigates the factors that affect the office tenant renewal decision using linear and probit regression models.Through statistical analysis, several factors emerge as influential in the renewal decision, including the size of the occupied space, the level of employment in the market, as well as location. Logical building characteristics such as the age of the space and the size of the building did not appear to have as large of an impact on renewal probability. For the more than 15,000 individual leases in this study, the overall renewal probability was lower than expected. However, the regression analysis has revealed some explanation of the difference between the actual results and the industry accepted renewal probability rate of 75%.
by Rebecca Asser.
S.M.

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Tsang, Mei-ki, and 曾美琪. "Investigating the tenant satisfaction: retention link of office buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44402144.

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Bottom, Connel Walter. "Determination of the functional performance of office accommodation : building quality and tenant characteristics." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339322.

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Lai, Yuen-kwan, and 黎婉筠. "A comparative study of tenant mix between shopping centres in residential buildings and office buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009363.

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Lai, Yuen-kwan. "A comparative study of tenant mix between shopping centres in residential buildings and office buildings /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988442.

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Roy, Shawn. "An Assessment of LEED Certification's Impact on Net Rental Rates for Commercial Office Space in Toronto, Ontario." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20136.

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With issues such as energy crises, climate change and environmental degradation becoming evermore prevalent on national and international levels, industrialized societies are beginning to take heed of the impact they are having on the natural environment and we are beginning to see movements towards socially and environmentally responsible decision-making. With the impact that buildings have on the environment, it is important to understand what barriers are preventing or slowing investment in socially and environmentally responsible property. The present study was conducted to determine whether LEED certification has a significant impact on the market value of office buildings in Toronto, Ontario – value determined by the average net asking rent for each building. For some 68 subject and control buildings, we matched information on the net asking rent for 16 LEED certified (subject) buildings to 52 otherwise comparable properties (control buildings). Using ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis, we looked to find what relationship exists between net asking rent and the LEED label. Controlling for other variables historically shown to have an impact on property value, we expected the results of this study to determine whether there is a business case for LEED certification in the downtown Toronto office market. The results of the study have shown that LEED certification has had no impact on the market value of the sample of office buildings in Toronto. This is a surprising result, given the growth in the number of LEED buildings in Canada, but interviews with three senior executives in the industry have helped to provide insight into this trend. It seems that with time LEED will likely have an impact in this market, but it hasn‘t arrived yet.

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Olejnik, Victoria, and Anna Nilsson. "Nöjda kontorshyresgäster under ombyggnadsprocessen : En beskrivning och analys av hur fastighetsbolag kan påverka de störningar som uppstår vid ombyggnad med kvarsittande hyresgäst." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125607.

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En av de större utmaningarna med ombyggnadsprojekt är de fall när det i byggnaden finns kvarboende eller andra brukare under tiden. En ombyggnad innehåller i regel både bygg- och rivningsarbeten som ofta medför störningar för människor som vistas i eller intill fastigheten. Samtliga störningar är påverkningsbara och kan vid god projektering och produktion minskas. Målet med examensarbetet har varit att ge konkreta förslag på hur ett fastighetsbolag kan arbeta för att öka hyresgästens kvalitetsupplevelse under en ombyggnad som sker i eller intill hyresgästens lokal. Detta har gjorts genom att identifiera vanliga störningar, genom att påvisa hur hyresgästen har påverkats av dessa störningar och genom att undersöka hur tidigare uppkomna störningar har hanterats. I samråd med fastighetsbolaget Vasakronan har tre ombyggnadsprojekt valts. På respektive ombyggnadsprojekt har kontorshyresgäster, intern projektledare och extern projektledare intervjuats. Även observationer i form av platsbesök och litteraturstudier har genomförts. Studien har resulterat i förbättringsförslag till fastighetsbolaget. Ett av de viktigaste resultaten som studien visar är att ett fastighetsbolag genom tydlig information via olika informationskanaler och genom att säkra att de överenskomna tiderna för störande arbeten efterföljs, kan öka hyresgästens kvalitetsupplevelse vid en ombyggnad.
One of the more difficult challenges with refurbishment projects is when the building is to be kept in use by tenants throughout the time of renovation. A refurbishment project usually contains both construction and demolition activities, of which both often leads to disturbances. In order to minimize these disturbances during the time of refurbishment, and doing so without affecting the production negatively, planning is of key importance. Every disturbance is manageable, and can through good execution of planning and production be minimized. The goal of this study has been to provide the property company with concrete proposals on how to increase tenants quality experience during the time of renovation. This has been achieved by identifying the most common disturbances, how these disturbances have been affecting the tenants and finally how these disturbances have been handled in the past. In consultation with the property company Vasakronan three refurbishment projects of office buildings has been selected for analysis. In addition to interviews that have been carried out with tenants and project managers on each of the three projects, site visits and literature studies have also been performed. The study shows that a property company through the efficient use of communication through various information channels, in conjunction with enforcing that the time periods for production activities classified as sources of disturbances is followed, in fact can increase the level of experienced quality of their tenant during a refurbishment project.

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Holmdahl, Johan. "Hot om vräkning : Tre aktörers perspektiv." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-35035.

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From the filing of an application to evict to the final execution of an eviction order is a long and complicated process. This raises questions about how the actors involved experience and act during this process. The general aim of the study was to describe and analyse this process from the respective perspectives of the landlords, the social services and the individuals (families) facing eviction in three municipalities in the county of Stockholm. The issues discussed are how the landlords and the social welfare offices are organised, their work procedures, respective scopes of action and resources, and how individuals facing eviction cope with their life situation.

The material for the study consists of qualitative interviews with nine handling officers at six landlord offices, fifteen social workers at three social welfare offices, twelve individuals who were facing eviction and fifteen observations of conversations between social workers and individuals who were facing eviction. The analytic framework used consists of perspectives and concepts derived from organisation theory – Human Service Organizations and street-level bureaucrats – and theories on coping. A main result of the study is that the work procedures of the professionals are standardised in many ways and are characterised by similar procedures for classifying and categorising the individuals facing eviction, irrespective of how the three municipalities have organised their work. Another main result is that the primarily interests of the individuals facing eviction are to meet what they experience to be their children’s needs, and to avoid eviction. Further, the individuals experience as stressful their life situation marked by the threat of eviction in combination with reduced financial resources that make it difficult for them to meet their children’s needs. The study has identified two types of strategies that individuals facing eviction use in order to cope with their life situation and to achieve their interests. These are emotion-focused strategies and problem-focused strategies, which are described and discussed.

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Dahlberg, Mattias. "Förhandlingen – Av kommersiella hyresavtal." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183536.

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Upprättandet av kommersiella hyresavtal sker i stor utsträckning genom förhandling mellan de inblandade parterna. Detta arbete ger en inblick i hur hyresgäster och hyresvärdar resonerar före och under förhandlingen av avtalet. Arbetet är en kvalitativ studie som baseras på intervjuer med hyresgäster och hyresvärdar med god erfarenhet från marknaden för kommersiella kontorslokaler i Stockholm. Kontrakts- och förhandlingsteori är den huvudsakliga utgångspunkten för arbetet och den främsta problematiken inom ämnet relaterar till asymmetrisk information. Asymmetrisk information innebär att en part har mer information än den andre och kan på så vis få en starkare förhandlingsposition. Det finns metoder för att motverka fenomenet, bland annat genom att lägga resurser på att ta reda på mer information om exempelvis sin motpart (screening). Det finns också sätt att utnyttja informationsasymmetrin, exempelvis genom att skapa en positiv bild av sig själv (signaling). Resultatet från arbetet ger en unison bild av den problematik som finns på marknaden och de lösningar som hyresgäst och hyresvärd använder sig av för att förbättra förhandlingsstyrkan och villkoren i avtalet. Examensarbetet sker främst genom deduktion av teorin. Ur empirin presenteras också en bild av rådande marknadsförhållanden. Syfte Syftet är att identifiera de faktiska problemen i en hyresförhandling och hur hyresgäster och hyresvärdar går till väga för att tackla svårigheterna. Målet är också att få förståelse för hur hyresgäster och hyresvärdar värderar de olika villkoren i hyresavtalet och hur det påverkar förhandlingen. Frågeställningar - Förekommer asymmetrisk information vid förhandling av kommersiella hyresavtal? - I vilken utsträckning använder hyresvärdar och hyresgäster screening och signaling? - Hur värderar hyresvärd och hyresgäst de olika villkoren i det kommersiella hyresavtalet? Metod Undersökningen är kvalitativ och består av intervjuer med utvalda representanter för hyresgäster och hyresvärdar verksamma i Stockholm. Personerna som intervjuats har valts ut med bakgrund av deras erfarenheter av förhandling av kommersiella hyresavtal. De har också valts ut för att skapa en blandning av hyresgäster med olika verksamhet och hyresvärdar med olika målsättningar i förvaltningen. Respondenterna har fått svara på hur de värderar villkoren i kontraktet som bygger grunderna för ett kommersiellt hyresavtal samt hur de använder signaling och screening. Avgränsning För att göra arbetet strukturerat och ge möjlighet till analys har en begränsning gjorts av det geografiska området för studien. Det geografiska området är Stockholm. Studien begränsar sig också till att endast röra kommersiella hyresavtal för kontor. Slutsatser - Problematiken kring asymmetrisk information är påtaglig vid förhandlingen av kommersiella hyresavtal i Stockholm. Hyresvärden har enligt både hyresgäst och hyresvärd ett övertag. Det främsta informationsgapet mellan parterna är marknadskännedom och förhandlingserfarenhet. - Screening används av både hyresgäst och hyresvärd, främst till att minimera risk och stärka förhandlingsförhållandet. - Signaling används av både hyresgäst och hyresvärd. Hyresgästerna arbetar generellt med sitt varumärke, men inte specifikt inför hyresförhandlingen. Hyresvärdens införsäljning och etablering av varumärke är desto mer inriktat på att möjliggöra affären, främst då hyresavtal är deras huvudsakliga inkomstkälla. - Hyresvärden utnyttjar till större grad hidden characteristics genom att inte visa upp sin sanna typ, de utger sig exempelvis för att inte kunna gå med på en viss hyra eller kontraktslängd, när de i själva verket kan göra det. Allt går att förhandla.
The establishment of a commercial lease in Sweden is done through negotiation between the parties involved. This work provides insight into how tenants and landlords reason before and during negotiation of the lease. The work is a qualitative study based on interviews with tenants and landlords with extensive experience of the market for commercial office space in Stockholm. Contract and negotiation theory compose the framework for the paper and the main problem in the subject relates to asymmetric information. Asymmetric information means that one party has more information than the other, and can thus have a stronger negotiating position. There are methods to counter the phenomenon, for example by allocating resources to find out more information about the counterpart (screening). There are also ways to take advantage of information asymmetry, for instance by creating a positive image of oneself (signaling). The results give a clear picture of the problems that occur on the market and some solutions that tenants and landlords use to improve their bargaining power and the terms of the lease. The paper is done mainly through deduction of the theory. The empirical data also show the conditions of the current market. Purpose The aim is to identify the actual problems of a rent negotiation and how tenants and landlords go about tackling the difficulties. The goal is to gain understanding of how tenants and landlords evaluate the various terms of the lease and how it affects the negotiation. Research questions - Does asymmetric information occur when negotiating commercial lease? - To what extent do landlords and tenants use screening and signaling? - How do landlords and tenants value the various conditions in the commercial lease? Method The study is qualitative and consists of interviews with selected representatives from both tenants and landlords operating in Stockholm. The people interviewed have been selected in light of their experience in the negotiation of commercial leases. They have also been selected to create a mix of tenants with different activities and landlords with the various objectives of management. Respondents were asked to respond on how they value the terms of the contract that builds the foundations of a commercial lease, and how they use the signaling and screening. Demarcation To create structure and make it possible to analyze the results, a limitation of the geographical scope of the study. The geographical area is Stockholm. The study also restricts itself to only touch the commercial lease for office. Conclusions - The problem of asymmetric information is apparent in the negotiation of commercial leases in Stockholm. According to both landlord and tenant, the landlord is the party with the upper hand in terms of information. The main information gaps between the parties are market knowledge and negotiation experience. - Screening is used by both tenants and landlords, primarily to minimize risk and strengthen the bargaining relationship. - Signaling is used by both tenant and landlord. Tenants generally work with their brand, but not specifically for the lease negotiation. The landlord is more focused on establishing their brand in order to enabling business. Something that is natural since the lease is their main source of income. - Hidden characteristics is used by the landlord at a greater extent than the tenant. This is often done by not showing their true nature. They claim, for example, to not be able to negotiate particular clauses, when in fact they can. Everything is negotiable.

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Books on the topic "Office tenant"

Legislature, Ontario. Tenant Protection Act: Office consolidation : Statustes of Ontario. Toronto: Queen's Printer, 1997.

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Roberts, Duane F. Marketing and leasing: Office buildings. Chicago, IL: Institute of Real Estate Management, 2015.

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Bullis, Kenneth R. Bolide guide for tenants: Leasing and improving office space. Seattle, Wash: Bolide, 1988.

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Wolfson, Stanley Mark. Tenant's handbook of office leasing: How to plan, negotiate, and enforce the most favorable lease transaction possible. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.

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Bottom, Connel Walter. Determination of the functional performance of office accommodation: Building quality and tenant characteristics. [s.l: The Author], 1996.

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Anderson, Timothy B. The essentials of office and retail leases in Pennsylvania. Eau Claire, Wis: National Business Institute, 2001.

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Anderson, Timothy B. The essentials of office and retail leases in Pennsylvania. Eau Claire, Wis: National Business Institute, 2001.

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Lundeen, Howard K. The tenant retention solution: A revolutionary approach to commercial real estate management. Chicago: Institute of Real Estate Management, 1995.

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Beard, Bodie J. Forms for office building management & operations manual guidelines. Chicago, Ill: Institute of Real Estate Management of the National Association of Realtors, 1986.

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Pennsylvania. Office of Attorney General. Task Force on Manufactured Housing. Report of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Office of Attorney General, Task Force on Manufactured Housing. [Harrisburg, Pa.]: The Task Force, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Office tenant"

von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "Land." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century, 105–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_5.

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AbstractPrivate wealth is comprised in part of capitalized future land rents. The Golden Rule of Accumulation is preserved even if we introduce land into our meta-model. Urban land is far more valuable than agricultural land. The risk tied to land leads to a reduction in its value in the form of a “risk premium” α > 0. Land rents can be taxed without any possibility of the tax being passed on to tenants and without loss of efficiency. If the tax is offset by a reduction in income tax, their taxation can even give rise to efficiency gains and positive distributive effects. The possibility of government intervention in the residential rental market represents a further risk for landowners. The sensitivity of the value of land to changes in the interest rate and hence the risk premium α rise with falling interest rates. In light of these many different risks, land as investment can only to a limited extent be a substitute for government bonds and hence for increasing private wealth by way of public debt. We calculate the value of land as asset category in the OECD plus China region. To this end, we primarily rely on data from statistical offices that provide figures for land in their national balance sheets. Our calculations show that the value of land in the countries of the OECD plus China region is about twice annual consumption in the region.

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Robinson, Spenser J., and Robert A. Simons. "Creating a green index based on tenant demand for sustainable office buildings and features." In Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Real Estate, 296–315. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315622750-19.

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Haldipur, Jan. "Losing Your Right to the City." In No Place on the Corner, 151–66. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479869084.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the unanticipated consequences of aggressive policing and looks into some potential policy recommendations. The author ties in interview data from outside stakeholders, like a New York City Housing Authority Tenant Association president and a high-ranking assistant district attorney from the Bronx District Attorney’s office, in order to help illustrate exactly what type of impact aggressive policing can have on outcomes such as securing a conviction. As the data suggests, these police tactics can significantly affect a prosecutor’s ability to obtain witness testimony as well as receive a favorable decision from a jury.

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Bernard, G. W. "Richard Bruce Wernham, 1906–1999." In Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 124. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, III. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0019.

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Bruce Wernham was born on 11 October 1906 at Ashmansworth, near Newbury, Berkshire, the son of a tenant farmer. He attended St Bartholomew's Grammar School, which he remembered with affection all his life, serving as Governor from 1944. In 1925 he went on to Exeter College, Oxford, and took a first in Modern History in 1928. He returned to study towards a D.Phil. His chosen theme was ‘Anglo-French relations in the age of Queen Elizabeth and Henri IV’, a subject that would remain at the centre of his interests for the rest of his life. After a year, he moved to London in order to work on the State Papers in the Public Record Office and the British Museum.

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Langellotti, Micaela. "Land, Landowners, and Tenants." In Village Life in Roman Egypt, 138–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835318.003.0005.

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This chapter investigates the village agricultural economy, and the evidence for landowning in the early Roman period is interpreted against the generally accepted framework of land tenure in Roman Egypt. The first part of the chapter investigates the location, distribution, and management of the different categories of land. In light of the land-related contracts that were registered at the record-office, a second section discusses the identity and social status of the holders of public land and owners and tenants of private land, their social and economic relations, and how these affected the general social structure of the village. The last part of the chapter examines the role of viticulture, oil production, and pastoralism.

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Holmes, Amy Austin. "يسقط‎ يسقط‎ حكم‎ المرشد‎ “Down, Down with the Supreme Guide”." In Coups and Revolutions, 104–36. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071455.003.0005.

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During the first six months of Mohamed Morsi’s presidency, there was a great deal of collaboration between Morsi and the military. The Mubarak-era business elite also displayed a willingness to continue their profit-making schemes and showed little resistance to Morsi’s administration. American officials had vowed to support whoever won Egypt’s first real elections, and they believed a “democratic transition” was in the offing. Of the four key players, it was the citizenry who turned against Morsi first, including some of the very people who voted him into office. Opposition to Morsi began even before Tamarod emerged when he issued a Constitutional Declaration in the fall of 2012. Tamarod can be divided into two wings: one that was Nasserist, and another that was opposed to the military returning to power. Tamarod was not a creation of the deep state but a broad-based social movement, with all the diversity and contradictions that many big tent movements face, including the emergence of divisions between radicals and moderates and the co-optation of a few key leaders by the regime. The summer of 2013 constituted a watershed moment as the balance of power shifted back in favor of the military, heralding the beginning of the counterrevolution.

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Andrade, Antonio Díaz. "From Intermediary to Mediator and Vice Versa." In Social Influences on Information and Communication Technology Innovations, 195–204. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1559-5.ch014.

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Assuming symmetry between human and nonhuman actors is a tenet of actor-network theory (ANT), i.e., an actor, anyone or anything that modifies a state of affairs. This symmetric perspective entails granting agency attributes to both human and nonhuman actors, an approach that has been often criticised. By means of a combination of research observation and participation, the use of electronic mail systems, especially the automatically generated “Out of Office” message, is examined in this article to emphasise the distinction between agency and intentionality. The fundamental assumption is that work practices are nothing less than technology mediated activities and the use of electronic mail and its multiple tools is an inherently sociotechnical practice. The notions of intermediaries and mediators are introduced not only to corroborate that the division between the social and the technical is artificial but also to reveal the difference between nonhuman agency and human intentionality.

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Conant, James K., and Peter J. Balint. "Environmental Politics, Policy, and Administration in the United States." In The Life Cycles of the Council on Environmental Quality and the Environmental Protection Agency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203702.003.0004.

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A variety of human activities produce pollutants, many of which pose risks to human health, the natural environment, and the Earth’s biosphere. These activities, however, may have important economic and social purposes. For example, coal-fired utility plants emit a range of dangerous substances from their tall smokestacks, many of which fall back to Earth hundreds of miles downwind. These pollutants make breathing difficult for people who have asthma and heart disease, and they damage forests, lakes, rivers, and the ecosystems of which they are a part. Yet, the electrical power generated at these plants is used to run factories, provide heat and air conditioning for office buildings, light homes, and sustain the Internet. Likewise, the internal combustion engines in automobiles and trucks emit harmful pollutants from their exhaust pipes that cause smog in urban areas and contribute to global climate change. Yet these vehicles give people the means to travel, conduct their social lives, commute to work, and move goods to markets. These two examples illustrate the underlying contradictions, tensions, and fault lines upon which environmental politics, policy, and administration are built. Human activities that generate pollutants create benefits and impose costs. The distribution of those benefits and costs differs by areas of the country, by sectors of the economy, and among many groups and individuals within our society. For example, oil companies, automobile manufacturers, and private utility companies that own coal-fired power plants have traditionally been among the fiercest opponents of efforts to limit pollutants that degrade air quality. Environmental groups, public health groups, and elected officials in urban areas and the states of the Northeast and West Coast have been among the strongest supporters of air pollution controls. Opponents of efforts to limit pollution generally contend that such limits lead to increased prices and lost jobs. Utility companies do incur costs when they purchase and install air pollution control equipment. Those costs are passed on to manufacturing firms, tenants in office buildings, and homeowners in the form of higher electricity bills.

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RONDEAU-ABOULY, Véronique. "Algorithmes et transparence des décisions automatisées." In Algorithmes et Société, 165–72. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.4559.

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Le développement des techniques de traitement automatisés s'impose dans les organisations publiques ou privées, et appelle une nouvelle réflexion éthique pour préserver le principe fondamental du droit de l'Union Européenne qui repose sur le principe de dignité de la personne humaine. Parce que l'homme n'est pas une «~machine~» parce qu'il est doué de la faculté de penser et de parler en rapport avec ses émotions il doit pouvoir garder la main sur les décisions automatisées qui de plus en plus tendant à lui offrir l'image du monde qu'il observe. Le RGPD offre notamment par son article 22 qui définit les principes organisationnels de la décision individuelle automatisée de larges potentialités dont le juriste doit construire la «~plasticité~» de l'application car l'automaticité doit être régulée et les possibilités légales existent pour le faire indépendamment des codes de conduite interne des responsables de traitement et du droit souple.

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Johnson, Tom. "Forest Legal Culture." In Law in Common, 118–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785613.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that Forest legal culture revolved around the management of woodland resources, principally the ‘vert and venison’ that formed the central concern of Forest law. This emphasis on management was built into the very structures of the local court that used this law, which served more as mechanisms of financial accounting than as tribunals for the resolution of disputes or the enactment of justice; it was intensified by the concerns of the specialist local officers—such as foresters, woodwards, and verderers—who were often paid in kind with timber and venison, and who were obliged to account for the way in which they cultivated and used these resources. The inhabitants of Forests, then, though they possessed significant customary rights, were thus faced with a legal regime that offered relatively little scope for the kind of idealized community-building that characterized other areas of the late-medieval countryside. Forest legal culture was not built around associative relations between people, but rather, the allocation and usage of natural resources. This worked to make law revolve around claims about the most judicious methods of conserving the Forest, a plane of argument that was tilted against tenants.

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Conference papers on the topic "Office tenant"

Carmichael, Cara, and Moncef Krarti. "Greening Tenant/Landlord Processes: Demonstrating Transformation in the Industry." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90161.

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In owner-occupied facilities, it is easy to justify the incorporation of high-performance building features because commonly recognized hard and soft benefits (cost savings, productivity gains and improved occupant health, etc.) are directly recovered by the investment entity. Developers or owners of multi-tenant office buildings and retail developments, on the other hand, encounter both perceived and real barriers that often prevent the inclusion of high-performance, climactic responsive features in new or retrofit projects. Good design, proper lease formulations, market education and intelligent operation will help overcome these barriers and allow the benefits of high-performance buildings to be realized and shared amongst various stakeholders. To demonstrate this process, strategies were analyzed for a multi-tenant building in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. The Alpine Professional Building (APB) is a three-story, 18,537 gross square foot building that was originally built in 1950 and was remodeled in 1981. The building has fifteen tenants, ranging from 143 SF of leased space to an entire floor. The HVAC systems are in need of upgrading and little has been done to the building beyond typical maintenance to keep systems in operation. This is a fairly typical scenario across the industry, which enables this analysis to be widely applicable and adaptable. Building walkthroughs, surveys, utility bill analysis and energy analysis concluded that an upgrade was needed consisting of the following package of measures: improved occupant control (thought tenant education and digital thermostats), upgrading the light fixtures in the common areas and tenant spaces, and replacing the boiler. This package has a payback period under nine years would enable the building to achieve the ENERGY STAR label and can be profitable for both tenants and the landlord. The financial analysis evaluated four different methods of financing the upgrades so that both the tenant and landlord would benefit financially from the upgrades. The financial method recommended is the ‘CAM Adjustment method’ in which the landlord would provide the initial capital for the upgrades and recover those costs (plus interest) through adjustments to the Common Area Maintenance (CAM) fees. This method would have minimal tenant disruption and enable the landlord to bridge costs and savings across tenants during turnover. This paper also compares the four financing mechanisms and demonstrates their industry applicability through commonly applied energy conservation measures.

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James, Brian, Paul Delaney, and Doug Avery. "Office of the Future: Advanced Lighting Control Strategies." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88755.

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The Office of the Future (OTF) program is a new energy efficiency approach supported by a consortium of some of the nation’s largest and most progressive energy utilities. OTF targets existing multi-tenant commercial office buildings with packages of advanced energy efficiency strategies that can be applied at the tenant level for building owners. The overall goal is to assemble technical guidelines to office renovation projects that specify performance requirements for different attributes of the office (lighting, plug loads, etc.) and whole building that result in 25% and 50% savings better than code. Three pilot projects were conducted: 1. Executive office space 2. Open area office space 3. Office space with five private offices, a conference room, lobby, kitchen, and corridor The executive offices provided an opportunity to measure energy use in a 1,360 square-meters (m2) office and to undertake a relighting project that met the architectural, aesthetic, and functional demands of the space while employing current energy-efficient products and design techniques. The open area office space consisted of 745 m2 of primarily cubicle office space — half of the 12th floor of a federal building in Santa Monica, CA. The project was highly representative of the challenges and complications faced in retrofit projects in everyday office buildings. The office space with private offices involved renovating the lighting and lighting controls in a 147 m2 office space in the 41,156 m2 building, and summarized the performance of the lighting design in accordance with the OTF Technical Guidelines. In addition, this project included details regarding the pre- and post-lighting systems and controls, compares the actual metered power and energy performance of the 2008 Title 24 code baseline, presents the code calculation basis, and reveals some of the complexities associated with this approach. These pilot projects had three primary goals: 1) examine the performance characteristics of highly-controlled lighting systems in a real office environment compared to existing lighting and applicable codes, 2) monitor plug load energy use, and 3) provide measured and technical data back to OTF consortium members to inform the OTF process. The measured results of the open area office space project revealed that a high-performance lighting design with controls delivers savings considerably beyond code-calculated estimates. In fact, results show that during daytime occupied hours, the average site usage is 43% less power than code calculations. The new system reduced the connected load by 56%. Similar results were found for the other two pilot projects.

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Lee, Eunkyu, Robert Simons, Spenser Robinson, and Andrew Kern. "GREEN OFFICE BUILDING ATTRIBUTES: A SURVEY OF TENANT PRIORITIES." In 14th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2014_133.

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Appel-Meulenbroek, Rianne, Astrid Kemperman, and Nienke Rovers. "Environmental satisfaction in multi-tenant office buildings: A holistic approach." In 24th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2017_25.

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Lee, Eunkyu, Spenser Robinson, and Robert Simons. "Developing a new green office building rating system based on tenant demand." In 24th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2017_15.

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"Multi- or Single Tenant Preferences on the Dutch Office Market? The Case AZL." In 2005 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2005. ERES, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2005_343.

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"Tenant Features and their Impact on the Office Sector Rent: Evidence from Milan." In 20th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2013. ÖKK-Editions, Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2013_228.

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Ruffini, Marco. "Moving the Network to the Cloud: Multi-Tenant and Multi-Service Cloud Central Office." In 2018 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2018.8535256.

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Monastero, Michael J., Stephen Weiss, Francois Pretorius, and Sheldon Burke. "SEPTA PTC Communications Systems." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74041.

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The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), the 6th largest transit system in the U.S. by passenger miles travelled, is among the nation’s commuter rail agencies in the process of implementing Positive Train Control (PTC) that must be completed by the Federal mandate deadline of December, 2015. SEPTA will be implementing ACSES (Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System), originally introduced on Amtrak on portions of the Northeast Corridor (NEC), as an overlay system applied upon a base of Automatic Train Control (ATC) cab signaling. Every SEPTA train travels on Amtrak territory as a “tenant” at some time during its daily run, and consequently ACSES is required for interoperable PTC operation on Amtrak. The application of ACSES on SEPTA territory will be complemented by a simultaneous upgrading of existing and new ATC on SEPTA. Among the many decisions faced by the SEPTA PTC design team, the PTC communications systems design has proven to be challenging. The communications systems include digital radios, communications managers, ground based networks, office systems, network management and network security. Some elements have been designed from the ground up, with few commercial “off the shelf” components available to meet the design requirements. Moreover, SEPTA had limited 220 MHz spectrum available for a PTC radio network in a relatively compact geographic area of dense commuter rail traffic. The radio network and communications managers, in particular, are breaking new ground for U.S. commuter rail operations with adoption of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) digital packet radios operating in the 220 MHz spectrum, under the control of communications managers. This paper will present an overview of SEPTA’s PTC communications systems, and focus upon the design process, subsequent field testing, and the rationale behind key decisions reached by the design team, that led to the selection of the technologies and network topologies that will be utilized in meeting the implementation of PTC at SEPTA.

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Yewande, Adewunmi, and Siamuzyulu Moono. "A Conjoint Analysis of Johannesburg Office Tenants’ Preferences." In 18th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2018_130.

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Reports on the topic "Office tenant"

Praprost, Marlena, Katherine A. Fleming, and Matthew Dahlhausen. ENERGY STAR for Tenants: An Online Energy Estimation Tool for Commercial Office Building Tenants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1598979.

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