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Journal articles on the topic '(Official) National Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG)'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Erve, I. van 't, C. B. M. Tulen, J. Laar A. D. E. van Jansen, et al. "Overview of Elements within National Food-Based Dietary Guidelines." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 6, no. 4 (2017): 172–227. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJNFS/2016/32645.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) serve as an approach to provide dietary and lifestyle information with the ultimate goal to contribute to public health. Recommendations for the development and implementation of FBDG are given by the EFSA and the WHO/FAO. An overview of the currently present FBDG and used elements in FBDG is lacking. <strong>Aim: </strong>The aims of this study were (1) to provide an overview of all official FBDG that are currently present for the general healthy population, and (2) to get insight in the elements and visual approaches used in t

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Graham, Elizabeth, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Dave Love, et al. "Food-Based Dietary Guidelines Make Seafood a Priority, Sustainability an Afterthought." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa042_004.

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Abstract Objectives National food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are adapted by governments reflecting their nation's food system and specific nutrition context, with varied approaches by country. Seafood is commonly included as one of many items in a “meat” or “animal-source” food group. It is currently unclear whether FBDG recommendations for seafood are achievable for the food supply, equitable for people, or sustainable for the planet. We seek to (1) Review the specific recommendations of national FBDGs related to seafood intake, quantifying the amount of seafood recommended for adults (

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Brown, Kerry A., Lada Timotijevic, Julie Barnett, Richard Shepherd, Liisa Lähteenmäki, and Monique M. Raats. "A review of consumer awareness, understanding and use of food-based dietary guidelines." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 1 (2011): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511000250.

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Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) have primarily been designed for the consumer to encourage healthy, habitual food choices, decrease chronic disease risk and improve public health. However, minimal research has been conducted to evaluate whether FBDG are utilised by the public. The present review used a framework of three concepts, awareness, understanding and use, to summarise consumer evidence related to national FBDG and food guides. Searches of nine electronic databases, reference lists and Internet grey literature elicited 939 articles. Predetermined exclusion criteria selected twenty

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Carrillo-Álvarez, Elena, Hilde Boeckx, Tess Penne, Imma Palma Linares, Berénice Storms, and Tim Goedemé. "A comparison of European countries FBDG in the light of their contribution to tackle diet-related health inequalities." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 2 (2019): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz139.

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Abstract Background The purpose of this article is to report on a comparative analysis of the official food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) that were applicable in 2015 in 25 EU Member States. We assess FBDG in relation to the main guidelines established by the FAO/WHO, the EURODIET project and the EFSA, with a particular focus on identifying strengths and limitations of current FBDG in Europe towards addressing diet-related health inequalities. Methods This is a review research, in which a mixed-methods sequenced procedure was utilized. In each EU country key informants, including sociologist

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Herforth, Anna, Mary Arimond, Cristina Álvarez-Sánchez, Jennifer Coates, Karin Christianson, and Ellen Muehlhoff. "A Global Review of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines." Advances in Nutrition 10, no. 4 (2019): 590–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy130.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this review is to provide a concise, descriptive global review of current food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG), and to assess similarities and differences in key elements of a healthy diet articulated across countries. Information was sourced from the FBDG repository of the FAO, which catalogs FBDG for all countries where they are available, including a description of the food guide (the graphic representation of the dietary guidelines), a set of key messages, and downloadable documents provided by the countries. FBDG are currently available for 90 countries globally:

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Dan, Nicolae. "Food Based Dietary Guidelines and accompanying Visual Dietary Guidelines." Lifestyle Medicine Research & Reviews 1, no. 2 (2023): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/lmrr.2023.2.2.

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National Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG, simply - dietary guidelines) are intended to establish a basis for public nutrition, food, health and agricultural policies and nutrition education programs to foster healthy eating habits and lifestyle. Generally, they advocate combination of food groups and dietary patterns to provide the required nutrients to promote overall health, prevent chronic diseases, and lessen the environmental burden of food production. Dietary guidelines are developed and/or influenced by interdisciplinary teams of experts, comprising representatives of agriculture, h

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Nguyen, Kim A., Anniza de Villiers, Jean M. Fourie, Lesley T. Bourne, and Michael K. Hendricks. "The feasibility of implementing food-based dietary guidelines in the South African primary-school curriculum." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 1 (2013): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003194.

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AbstractObjectiveTo explore the perceptions of educators from the Western Cape Province about the feasibility of implementing South African food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) in the national curriculum of primary schools.DesignCombined quantitative and qualitative methods. We report on the quantitative component.SettingTwelve public primary schools of different socio-economic status in three education districts of the Western Cape: Metro Central, Metro East and Cape Winelands.SubjectsEducators (n256) participated in the self-completed questionnaire survey.ResultsEducators assessed that FBDG

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Serra-Majem, Lluís. "Food availability and consumption at national, household and individual levels: implications for food-based dietary guidelines development." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 2b (2001): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001152.

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AbstractThe three levels of dietary data national, household and individual, are analysed and compared, and their use and misuse in FBDG development and monitoring are discussed. Food Balance Sheets (FBS) estimate the national availability of foods, and are an appropriate tool to evaluate food policies; they tend to overestimate food consumption, particularly for those foods with higher waste. Household Budget Surveys (HBS) estimate the household availability of foods, and are useful to evaluate dietary family interventions. Individual Dietary Surveys (IDS) evaluate individual food and nutrien

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Fras, Zlatko, Borut Jug, Boštjan Jakše, et al. "Slovenia’s Food-Based Dietary Guidelines 2024: Eating for Health and the Planet." Foods 13, no. 19 (2024): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13193026.

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The dietary guidelines of Slovenia, ‘12 Steps to Healthy Eating’, were first published in 2000 and revised in 2011. The ‘Food Guide Pyramid’ was initially published in 2000 and subsequently revised in 2015. ‘The Healthy Plate’ was first introduced in 2007. In February 2023, the Slovenian Strategic Council for Nutrition proposed new Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) that integrate both health and environmental considerations. In September 2023, the creation of new FBDGs was included in the Action Plan for implementing the Resolution on the National Program on Nutrition and Physical Activity

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Tetens, Inge, Christopher A. Birt, Elizabeth Brink, et al. "Food-Based Dietary Guidelines – development of a conceptual framework for future Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in Europe: report of a Federation of European Nutrition Societies Task-Force Workshop in Copenhagen, 12–13 March 2018." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 12 (2020): 1338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520002469.

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AbstractIdentifying a need for developing a conceptual framework for the future development of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) in Europe, The Federation of European Nutrition Sciences established a Task Force for this purpose. A workshop was held with the specific objective to discuss the various dimensions considered as particularly relevant. Existing frameworks for FBDG were discussed, and presentations from various countries illustrated not only several commonalities but also a high degree of heterogeneity in the guidelines from different countries. Environmental aspects were considere

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Culliford, Amy E., Jane Bradbury, and Elphee B. Medici. "Improving Communication of the UK Sustainable Healthy Dietary Guidelines the Eatwell Guide: A Rapid Review." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 6149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076149.

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Background: Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) are a key public health tool, providing evidence-based recommendations for a healthy and more environmentally sustainable diet. Current adherence to national FBDG in the UK is poor with only 0.1% of the population meeting all of the recommendations set out in the Eatwell Guide. Communication of the Eatwell Guide is one of the many essential strategies needed to improve adherence and to support the necessary shift towards sustainable diets in the UK. An effective strategy is needed to communicate this information to policy makers, the food indust

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Henriksen, Hege Berg, Markus Dines Knudsen, Anette Hjartåker, Rune Blomhoff, and Monica Hauger Carlsen. "Digital Food Frequency Questionnaire Assessing Adherence to the Norwegian Food–Based Dietary Guidelines and Other National Lifestyle Recommendations: Instrument Validation Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 26 (April 30, 2024): e53442. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/53442.

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Background Valid assessment tools are needed when investigating adherence to national dietary and lifestyle guidelines. Objective The relative validity of the new digital food frequency questionnaire, the DIGIKOST-FFQ, against 7-day weighed food records and activity sensors was investigated. Methods In total, 77 participants were included in the validation study and completed the DIGIKOST-FFQ and the weighed food record, and of these, 56 (73%) also used the activity sensors. The DIGIKOST-FFQ estimates the intake of foods according to the Norwegian food–based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in addit

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Agyapong, NAF, RA Annan, C. Apprey, and R. Aryeetey. "A review of Ghana’s food system and its implications on sustainability and the development of national food-based dietary guidelines." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 2 (2022): 19525–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.107.21800.

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Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) provide culturally-appropriate and actionable recommendations based on which populations can make healthy food choices. Food systems sustainability, from production to consumption, and disposal of food and food-related items, should be a critical consideration for developing such guidelines. This rapid review assesses Ghana's food systems to determine the level of sustainability to inform the FBDG recommendations. Peer-reviewed articles, documents and reports of relevance to Ghana were included in this rapid review. A hundred and eight papers, answering dif

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Keller, Ingrid, and Tim Lang. "Food-based dietary guidelines and implementation: lessons from four countries – Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 8 (2008): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007001115.

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AbstractObjectiveFood-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are globally promoted as an important part of national food and nutrition policies. They are presented within policy as key features of the strategy to educate the public and guide policy-makers and other stakeholders about a healthy diet. This paper examines the implementation of FBDGs in four countries: Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa – diverse countries chosen to explore the realities of the FBDG within policy on public health nutrition.DesignA literature review was carried out, followed by interviews with representatives f

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Harika, Rajwinder K., Mariska Dötsch-Klerk, Peter L. Zock, and Ans Eilander. "Compliance with Dietary Guidelines and Increased Fortification Can Double Vitamin D Intake: A Simulation Study." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 69, no. 3-4 (2016): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000454930.

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Objective: The study aimed to determine the potential of compliance with Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) and increased vitamin D fortification to meet the recommended intake level of vitamin D at 10 µg/day based on minimal exposure to sunlight. Methods: The main dietary sources of vitamin D were derived from national dietary surveys in adults from United Kingdom (UK) (n = 911), Netherlands (NL) (n = 1,526), and Sweden (SE) (n = 974). The theoretical increase in population vitamin D intake was simulated for the following: (1) compliance with FBDG, (2) increased level of vitamin D in common

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Carrillo-Álvarez, Elena, Tess Penne, Hilde Boeckx, Bérénice Storms, and Tim Goedemé. "Food Reference Budgets as a Potential Policy Tool to Address Food Insecurity: Lessons Learned from a Pilot Study in 26 European Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010032.

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The aim of this article is to present the development of cross-country comparable food reference budgets in 26 European countries, and to discuss their usefulness as an addition to food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) for tackling food insecurity in low-income groups. Reference budgets are illustrative priced baskets containing the minimum goods and services necessary for well-described types of families to have an adequate social participation. This study was conducted starting from national FBDG, which were translated into monthly food baskets. Next, these baskets were validated in terms of

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Trolle, Ellen, Matilda Nordman, Anne Dahl Lassen, Tracey A. Colley, and Lisbeth Mogensen. "Carbon Footprint Reduction by Transitioning to a Diet Consistent with the Danish Climate-Friendly Dietary Guidelines: A Comparison of Different Carbon Footprint Databases." Foods 11, no. 8 (2022): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081119.

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Dietary transitions are important for combating many of the environmental challenges humanity is facing today and reducing the global burden of disease. Different dietary patterns are associated with substantially different carbon footprints (CFs). This study aims to estimate the potential CF reduction on a transition from the current Danish diet to a plant-rich diet consistent with the Danish food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and to compare results obtained from the use of two different CF databases. Dietary intake data for adults aged 18–64 years from the national dietary survey 2011–2013

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Dai, Zhaoli, Cynthia Kroeger, Sally Mcdonald, and Lisa Bero. "What Contributes to the Variation of Dairy Recommendations in Global Food-Based Dietary Guidelines." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab056_002.

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Abstract Objectives Dairy consumption remains controversial due to uncertainty about its health impacts and effects on food sustainability. There are variations in dairy recommendations in global food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs). Yet, how methods used to develop recommendations contribute to such variation is unknown. In this study, we assessed this dietary context in dairy recommendations. Methods We search the FBDG database at the Food and Agricultural Organization website in 2019 to identify dietary guidelines published since 2009. Eligible guidelines needed to include dietary recommen

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Valsta, Liisa M. "Food-based dietary guidelines for Finland – a staged approach." British Journal of Nutrition 81, S1 (1999): S49—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000896.

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The history of recommending certain food composition to the diet of the general public in Finland goes back to the 1950s. Since that time, the food circle with modifications has been the only official, and most widely used, tool for diet composition visualization for nutrition education. Official national dietary recommendations and guidelines have been launched in 1981, 1987 and the newest ones in 1998. Nordic Nutrition Recommendations have been used in Finland as a reference when national dietary guidelines have not been available or up to date. Specific quantitative food-based dietary guide

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Islam, Saiful, Abira Nowar, Md Ruhul Amin, and Nazma Shaheen. "Cost of Recommended Diet (CoRD) and Its Affordability in Bangladesh." Foods 12, no. 4 (2023): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12040790.

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The cost of diet has been recognized as a major determinant of overall diet quality and nutritional outcomes. We aimed to estimate the minimum cost and affordability of the recommended diet based on the updated food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) in Bangladesh. To compute the cost of the recommended diet (CoRD), we collected retail prices of foods corresponding to each of the food groups in the latest Bangladeshi FBDG. For affordability, the household size and daily food expenditure data were used from the most recent Household Income and Expenditure survey (HIES). The CoRD was calculated bas

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Lassen, Anne D., Lene M. Christensen, and Ellen Trolle. "Development of a Danish Adapted Healthy Plant-Based Diet Based on the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (2020): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030738.

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Plant-based diets have been linked to both health benefits and a lower climate impact. However, plant-based diets may represent both healthy and unhealthy dietary practices. The present study aimed to develop a nationally adapted healthy plant-based diet based on the global EAT-Lancet reference diet. Development took place in a series of steps. First, the original EAT-Lancet reference diet was evaluated based on food availability, i.e., using Danish food data (Model 1). Then, the model was further modified to reflect national food based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and characteristics of current

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Aryeetey, R., and AI Ramos. "Process and lessons learned in the development of food-based dietary guidelines in Ghana." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, no. 2 (2022): 19702–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.107.21830.

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Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are used, globally, as a tool for promoting awareness of healthy diets and, thereby, to improve dietary behaviour. It is also used as a policy framework for creating a health-promoting food environment. In sub-Saharan Africa, only a few countries have developed FBDGs. In 2016, Ghana commenced the process for developing a national FBDG. Four years down the line, significant progress has been achieved towards developing dietary guidelines for persons living in Ghana. The process for developing Ghana's FBDGs has, generally, follow the plan proposed by the 199

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Hoffmann, Laura, Sarah Egert, Joachim Allgaier, and Kathrin Kohlenberg-Müller. "Review of Validated Methods to Evaluate Diet History in Diet Therapy and Counselling: An Overview and Analysis of Screeners Based on Food-Based Dietary Guidelines." Nutrients 15, no. 21 (2023): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15214654.

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Evidence-based dietetic practice calls for systematically developed assessment methods for nutritional assessment in dietetic counselling and therapy (DCT). Screeners can provide a quick and easy way to determine a client’s diet quality and contribute to quality assurance in DCT. The aim of this systematic review was to give a comparative overview of screeners based on national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) and to derive recommendations for developing an FBDG-based screener for DCT. The literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), embase and Web of Science was conducted between May and July

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Leary, Nicole, Molly K. Parker, Sofía Rincón Gallardo Patiño, and Vivica I. Kraak. "An Evaluation of Healthy Hydration Recommendations for 93 Countries with Sugary Beverage Tax Legislation Globally, 2000–2023." Nutrients 16, no. 14 (2024): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16142264.

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Adequate water intake is essential for human health. Sugary beverage taxes are a best buy policy to reduce obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) promote healthy dietary patterns. The study purpose was to evaluate national FBDGs for countries with sugary beverage tax legislation (2000–2023) to promote water and discourage sugary beverage consumption. We developed a coding framework to conduct a content analysis of FBDG documents, and used six indicators to identify messages and images to assign healthy hydration recommendation (HHR) scores fro

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Menal-Puey, Susana, and Iva Marques-Lopes. "Development of Criteria for Incorporating Occasionally Consumed Foods into a National Dietary Guideline: A Practical Approach Adapted to the Spanish Population." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010058.

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Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer recommendations that help population to meet nutrient requirements. Most European FBDGs include quantitative information regarding daily and weekly consumed foods, but for occasionally consumed foods, they only recommend limiting their intake, without giving specific advice on portions. As these foods are consumed by the general population as a part of the cultural and culinary tradition of each country, it is important to establish the maximum frequency and the portions that would be acceptable to be included in a healthy eating pattern. This study

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De Henauw, Stefaan, and Guy De Backer. "Nutrient and food intakes in selected subgroups of Belgian adults." British Journal of Nutrition 81, S1 (1999): S37—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000872.

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In March 1997, official dietary guidelines were for the first time published in Belgium by the National Council on Nutrition. These guidelines are entirely focussed on nutrient intake and do not translate this information into specific ‘food-based’ recommendations. In this paper, actual intake data for the adult Belgian population are compared to these guidelines. It is concluded that the overall macronutrient intake pattern in Belgium corresponds to the typical Western so-called affluent diet. As a next step, an attempt is made to outline a conceptual framework for developing food-based dieta

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Heuer, Thorsten, Carolin Krems, Kilson Moon, Christine Brombach, and Ingrid Hoffmann. "Food consumption of adults in Germany: results of the German National Nutrition Survey II based on diet history interviews." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 10 (2015): 1603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515000744.

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The second German National Nutrition Survey (NVS II) aimed to evaluate food consumption and other aspects of nutritional behaviour of a representative sample of the German population, using a modular design with three different dietary assessment methods. To assess usual food consumption, 15 371 German speaking subjects 14–80 years of age completed a diet history interview between November 2005 and November 2006. With reference to the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (DGE), NVS II observed that the German population did not eat enough foods of plant origin, especially vegetables and

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Sieferle, Katharina, Corinna Schaefer, and Eva Maria Bitzer. "Management of evidence and conflict of interest in guidelines on early childhood allergy prevention and child nutrition: study protocol of a systematic synthesis of guidelines and explorative network analysis." F1000Research 11 (November 10, 2022): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.123571.1.

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Background: With the rising prevalence of allergic diseases in children, prevention of childhood allergies becomes an important public health issue. Recently, a paradigm shift is taking place in the approach to preventing allergies, and clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) play an important role in providing practitioners with the latest evidence and reliable guidance. However, concern about the methodological quality of the development of FBDGs and CPGs, including limitations in the systematic reviews, lack of transparency and unmanaged conflicts of inte

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Sieferle, Katharina, Corinna Schaefer, and Eva Maria Bitzer. "Management of evidence and conflict of interest in guidelines on early childhood allergy prevention and child nutrition: study protocol of a systematic synthesis of guidelines and explorative network analysis." F1000Research 11 (December 27, 2023): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.123571.2.

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Background With the rising prevalence of allergic diseases in children, prevention of childhood allergies becomes an important public health issue. Recently, a paradigm shift is taking place in the approach to preventing allergies, and clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) play an important role in providing practitioners with the latest evidence and reliable guidance. However, concern about the methodological quality of the development of FBDGs and CPGs, including limitations in the systematic reviews, lack of transparency and unmanaged conflicts of inter

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Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina, Asha Kaur, Peter Scarborough, and Mike Rayner. "Are the Eatwell Guide and Nutrient Profiling Models Consistent in the UK?" Nutrients 13, no. 8 (2021): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082732.

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A nutrient profiling model (NPM) was developed in 2005 in the UK to regulate the marketing of foods to children. It was revised in 2018, but the new version has not been finalised. The Eatwell Guide (EWG) is the UK’s official food-based dietary guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between the 2005 and 2018 versions of the NPM and the EWG. Using recent National Diet and Nutrition Surveys, we estimated the healthiness of individual diets based on an EWG dietary score and a NPM dietary index. We then compared the percentage of agreement and Cohen’s kappa for each combin

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Eriksen, Rebeca, Rachel Gibson, Kathryn Lamb, et al. "Nutrient profiling and adherence to components of the UK national dietary guidelines association with metabolic risk factors for CVD and diabetes: Airwave Health Monitoring Study." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 6 (2018): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000016.

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AbstractCVD is the leading cause of death worldwide. Diet is a key modifiable component in the development of CVD. No official UK diet quality index exists for use in UK nutritional epidemiological studies. The aims of this study are to: (i) develop a diet quality index based on components of UK dietary reference values (DRV) and (ii) determine the association between the index, the existing UK nutrient profile (NP) model and a comprehensive range of cardiometabolic risk markers among a British adult population. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the Airwave Health Monito

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Herforth, Anna, William Masters, Yan Bai, and Daniel Sarpong. "The Cost of Recommended Diets: Development and Application a Food Price Index Based on Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (P10-033-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz034.p10-033-19.

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Abstract Objectives Food price data is routinely collected by governments but has not been utilized to its full potential for tracking the cost of nutritious diets. Food prices typically are used to monitor the cost of a basket of goods purchased by consumers, which may bear little relation to recommended diets. National food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) attempt to provide specific, actionable recommendations for diets that meet nutritional needs and protect long-term health, based on expert evidence review and in-country dialogue. The objective of this research is to show how governments c

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Trolle, Ellen, Jelena Meinilä, Hanna Eneroth, et al. "Integrating environmental sustainability into food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic countries." Food & Nutrition Research, October 25, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v68.10792.

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The overall aim of this paper was to provide background knowledge to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 Committee for integrating environmental sustainability in a framework for national Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) within the Nordics and Baltics. Additionally, this paper aims to give an overview of recent Nordic scientific literature on environmental impact of foods and dietary patterns and of the FBDG of the Nordics. Finally, we suggest methods for developing national sustainable FBDG. Nordic and Baltic studies on sustainability of diets were searched in August 2022 and comple

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Aguirre Sánchez, L., R. Teschner, N. Malinverno, et al. "Policy communication for health and sustainability: comparison of food-based dietary guidelines." European Journal of Public Health 31, Supplement_3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.142.

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Abstract Background Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) provide advice on what constitutes a healthy diet, influencing both decision-making at the policy level, and educational programs addressed to consumers. There is a growing body of literature that allows to estimate the health and environmental impacts of the wide adoption of FBDG at the country and global levels. This unlocks the possibility of evaluating the most sustainable dietary guidelines from a communication perspective. This study aims at answering what are the key converging messages and main differences in the communication o

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Aguirre Sánchez, L., R. Teschner, N. Lalchandani, Y. El Maohub, and L. S. Suggs. "Building a score of climate change mitigation potential in national food-based dietary guidelines." European Journal of Public Health 33, Supplement_2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.847.

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Abstract Background The food sector contributes to a third of global Greenhouse gas emissions. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) are policy tools that provide food advice compatible with health. There is a growing effort to include environmental sustainability in dietary guidelines, but less is known about the extent to which different countries include dietary recommendations with climate change mitigation potential. Methods Based on a systematic review and quantitative content analysis of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG), a Dietary Climate Mitigation (DCM) score was developed to asses

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Sobhani, Seyyed Reza, Sareh Edalati, Hassan Eini-Zinab, Gina Kennedy, and Nasrin Omidvar. "A comparative analysis of sustainability of the usual food intakes of the Iranian population, Iranian food-based dietary guidelines, and optimized dietary models." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6 (October 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.838741.

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Promoting sustainable diets might contribute toward achieving sustainable development goals. Considering the importance of national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs), this study aimed to assess and compare the sustainability dimensions of the usual Iranian dietary intakes with sustainable optimal diets based on Iranian (2006 and 2015 versions), Mediterranean, and vegetarian FBDGs. The usual dietary intakes of Iranian households were estimated using household expenditure survey data. Diet sustainability, including environmental (water, carbon, and land) footprints, cost, and nutrient-rich f

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Lengle, Julie Marie, Marie Michaelsen Bjøntegaard, Monica Hauger Carlsen, Sepideh Jafarzadeh, and Lene Frost Andersen. "Environmental impact of Norwegian self-selected diets: comparing current intake with national dietary guidelines and EAT-Lancet targets." Public Health Nutrition, March 25, 2024, 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980024000715.

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Abstract Objectives: Dietary environmental impact in a Norwegian adult population was estimated for six environmental impact categories. Moreover, environmental benefits of scenario diets complying with the Norwegian Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) and the EAT-Lancet reference diet were assessed. Design: The current diet of Norwegian adults was estimated according to 24-hour dietary recall data from a national dietary surveillance survey (Norkost 3). Scenario diets were modelled to represent the Norwegian FBDG and the EAT-Lancet healthy reference diet. Dietary environmental impact in term

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Kesse-guyot, Emmanuelle, Dan Chaltiel, Benjamin Allès, et al. "Sustainable values of the 2017 French food-based dietary Guidelines:Findings from the BioNutriNet project." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, OCE2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665120001263.

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AbstractBackgroundRecently, Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) have introduced the sustainability concept relying on health and environmental issues related diet. In 2017, the French FBDG were updated including, beyond healthy diet for human, environmental protection and the promotion of organic food.ObjectivesThe aim of the present analysis was to describe sustainable indicators (nutrition, environment, economic, sanitary exposure and long-term) according to adherence to the 2017 FBDG.Material and MethodsThe sample included a total of 28,240 from the NutriNet-Santé cohort having completed a

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Herforth, Anna W., Yan Bai, Aishwarya Venkat, and William A. Masters. "The Healthy Diet Basket is a valid global standard that highlights lack of access to healthy and sustainable diets." Nature Food, May 27, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01177-0.

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Abstract The Healthy Diet Basket (HDB) is a standard developed from food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) for the measurement of the Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet—a new indicator of food security tracked by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Bank. Here we analysed the HDB’s economic, nutritional and environmental characteristics of least-cost diets relative to 16 national FBDG and the EAT-Lancet reference diet. The HDB cost averaged US$3.68 per person per day in 2021, slightly lower than most FBDG. Macronutrient levels fell within acceptable macronutri

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Wright, Ellen Cecilie, Bob van Oort, Marie Michaelsen Bjøntegaard, Monica Hauger Carlsen, and Lene Frost Andersen. "Environmental and nutritional assessment of young children’s diets in Norway: comparing the current diet with national dietary guidelines and the EAT-Lancet reference diet." European Journal of Nutrition, August 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03243-4.

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Abstract Purpose Introducing healthy and sustainable diets early in life can promote lifelong healthy dietary patterns with a low environmental impact. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the environmental and nutritional consequences of a dietary change for 2-year-old children in Norway towards healthier dietary patterns. Methods Environmental impacts of the current habitual diet among 2-year-olds (n = 1413) were estimated for six impact categories and compared with scenario diets based on the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and the EAT-Lancet Commission reference diet. Last, we ev

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Helmus, Imke, and Tina Bartelmeß. "Communicating food-based dietary guidelines culturally sensitive? A comparative argumentation analysis of the German and Brazil dietary guidelines." Frontiers in Communication 10 (May 13, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1570885.

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ObjectiveTo examine the cultural appropriateness and argumentation structure of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in Germany and Brazil, with the aim of identifying areas for improvement to better align with sociocultural contexts and enhance their impact on dietary choices and public health.DesignA comparative study utilizing the concepts of cultural health communication and culturally sensitive argumentation to analyze the communication materials of FBDGs in both countries.SettingThe analysis focuses on the national FBDGs and associated communication strategies employed in Germany and Br

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Lyons, O. C., H. McNulty, M. A. Kerr, et al. "Developing food-based dietary guidelines for 1–5 year old children: a protocol for use in population health globally." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, OCE2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665120001056.

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AbstractEarly childhood is a well-established critical period for growth and development, potentially impacting on life-long health. Healthy dietary habits formed during the transition from a predominantly milk-based to a food-based diet track into later life. Globally, there is no established process for developing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) for 1–5 year old children. This study aims to establish a protocol for developing FBDG for 1–5 year old children for use in population health globally.Foods consumed by > 10% of consumers aged 1–5 years (at each eating occasion) were identifi

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Kovacs, Brittany, Lindsey Miller, Martin C. Heller, and Donald Rose. "The carbon footprint of dietary guidelines around the world: a seven country modeling study." Nutrition Journal 20, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00669-6.

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Abstract Background Do the environmental impacts inherent in national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) vary around the world, and, if so, how? Most previous studies that consider this question focus on a single country or compare countries’ guidelines without controlling for differences in country-level consumption patterns. To address this gap, we model the carbon footprint of the dietary guidelines from seven different countries, examine the key contributors to this, and control for consumption differences between countries. Methods In this purposive sample, we obtained FBDG from nationa

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Thompson, M. G., R. De Luca, M. G. Hogan, S. Nic Sheoin, O. C. Lyons, and M. A. T. Flynn. "Adolescent boys and protein: a first cut at developing environmentally sustainable foodbased dietary guidelines." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 83, OCE4 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124005937.

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Male adolescence (10–19 years), is a critical life-stage for adequate nutrition due to the rapid growth and development that occurs during this period. Additionally, this population sub-group may begin to engage in muscle-building exercises due to socially established body image ideals(1), which fuel their desire to increase protein consumption. Currently, Irish diets are not sustainable, and exceed all planetary boundaries apart from freshwater use(2). Thus, there is a need to incorporate sustainability into Ireland’s food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). The aim of this study was to develop

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Mertens, Elly, Anneleen Kuijsten, Argyris Kanellopoulos, et al. "Improving health and carbon footprints of European diets using a benchmarking approach." Public Health Nutrition, September 23, 2020, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020003341.

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Abstract Objective: This study aimed to identify diets with improved nutrient quality and environmental impact within the boundaries of dietary practices. Design: We used Data Envelopment Analysis to benchmark diets for improved adherence to food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). We then optimised these diets for dietary preferences, nutrient quality and environmental impact. Diets were evaluated using the Nutrient Rich Diet score (NRD15.3), diet-related greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) and a diet similarity index that quantified the proportion of food intake that remained similar as compared wit

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Salesse, Fanny, Alison L. Eldridge, Tsz Ning Mak, and Eileen R. Gibney. "A global review of methodologies for establishing food intake recommendations in foodbased dietary guidelines." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 83, OCE4 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124007286.

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Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) are valuable tools for providing dietary recommendations to different population groups across the globe(1). However, while the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have issued guidelines to support the development of FBDGs(2), a lack of consistency persists in how these are applied by individual countries in their derivation approach and monitoring efforts(3,4). This review compares the methodologies used by public health bodies to develop FBDGs.Documents describing FBDGs and their development were obtained via t

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de Lange, Thijs, Michiel van Dijk, Marijke Kuiper, et al. "Socio-economic, environmental and health impacts of dietary transformation in Bangladesh." Environmental Research Letters, December 18, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada0ca.

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Abstract The transition to healthier diets might be accompanied by trade-offs that occur in other parts of the food system. In this study the trade-offs between socio-economic, environmental, and health indicators were analyzed in different dietary scenarios for Bangladesh between 2022 and 2050. We used a global economic simulation model with updated national food consumption data, extended with a footprint module to track environmental impacts through the food value chain in Bangladesh and its trading partners. This study compares a business-as-usual (BAU) diet with the EAT-Lancet diet and th

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Philippi Rosane, Beatriz, Lea Ellen Matthiessen, Rita Góralska-Walczak, et al. "Development of a methodology to compare and evaluate health and sustainability aspects of dietary intake across countries." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7 (June 29, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1147874.

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To solve the rising issue of how to feed our planet in the future, we need to enhance our knowledge of peoples' current eating patterns and analyze those in terms of their health and environmental impacts. Current studies about adherence to existing national and global dietary recommendations often lack the ability to cross-compare the results among countries. Therefore, this study aims to develop a methodology to evaluate adherence to food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) and the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) on a national level, which can be replicable in different countries. First, national d

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AESAN, Scientific Committee. "Report of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN) on the review and update of Dietary Recommendations for the Spanish population." December 15, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636767.

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<em>* This record is given in both English and Spanish.</em> Until now, the established dietary patterns have not demonstrated to achieve the goal of maintaining good health in the general population. In addition to the human health, the current dietary models, called “Sustainable Healthy Diets”, take into account the concept of sustainability in all its aspects. With this goal in mind the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) encourage the development of national food-based dietary recommendations within the spec

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AESAN, Scientific Committee. "Report of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN) on the review and update of Dietary Recommendations for the Spanish population." June 17, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6320394.

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<em>*This record is given in both English and Spanish</em> Until now, the established dietary patterns have not demonstrated to achieve the goal of maintaining good health in the general population. In addition to the human health, the current dietary models, called “Sustainable Healthy Diets”, take into account the concept of sustainability in all its aspects. With this goal in mind the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) encourage the development of national food-based dietary recommendations within the specific co

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