Relevant bibliographies by topics / Official seal

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Official seal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Official seal"

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Karim, Abdul Razak. "The Use Of Seal In Early Malay Official Letters : A Personal Identity And Ethnic Culture." JURNAL ARBITRER 5, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.5.1.1-7.2018.

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This brief article discuss on how the seals that were used on the official Malay letters incorporated and displayed the identity of the senders, whether they are individual dignitaries or governments. The early Malay seals are among the symbol and identity of the sender. In the traditional Malay society the seal was not something that anyone can own and use indiscriminately. The seals were used as personal symbols by the individual rulers and dignitaries and subsequently became something that was passed on as part of their inheritance. For an individual sultan or dignitary, the seal represente
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Wallenfels, Ronald. "Seleucid Babylonian “Official” and “Private” Seals Reconsidered: A Seleucid Archival Tablet in the Collection of the Mackenzie Art Gallery, Regina." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 2, no. 1 (2015): 55–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2015-0002.

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AbstractIt has been convenient for scholars categorizing Hellenistic Babylonian seal impressions found on clay tablets and on clay parchment-sealings to distinguish “private” seals, those owned and used by private individuals acting on their own behalf in personal matters, from “official” seals, those used by office bureaucrats and high-ranking officers of the state or temple in the execution of their respective institution’s affairs. It has been argued on the basis of the tablets’ written contents, with but a single exception that proves the rule, that the tablet seal impressions, known to th
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박준호. "A Study on Official Seal of Official Documents - Use of official seal based on the Ritual(禮式) -". 古文書硏究 36, № ll (2010): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21027/manusc.2010.36..001.

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Katrien De Graef. "The Seal of an Official or an Official Seal? The Use of Court Seals in Old Babylonian Susa and Haft Tepe." Journal of the American Oriental Society 138, no. 1 (2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7817/jameroriesoci.138.1.0121.

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Nikitin, A. B. "The Sasanian Šahrab of Balkh." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 1, no. 3 (1995): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005794x00246.

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AbstractOne group of fragmentary clay seals of the Kushano-Sasanian period found in 1976 at Djigadépé near Balkh in N. Afghanistan bears the portrait of a Sasanian official and a unique double inscription in Bactrian and Middle Persian scripts. Combination of the various fragments allows a full reading of the inscription and the identification of the owner as a high official-šahrab-of modern Balkh. The seal is tentatively dated to the 4th c. A.D., but too few seals of this period are known to make this certain.
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Amir H. Zekrgoo. "An Introduction to Persian Seals." Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) 27, no. 1 (2022): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v27i1.1394.

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This article provides an overview of formation and transformation of Persian seals in the course of about 6000 years, with a focus on a group of seals, devotional in nature, from an interesting eighteenth-century Persian manuscript preserved at the Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’ (SMNA) Library, ISTAC-IIUM. The paper is divided in four main sections. First, “Pre-Islamic Persian Seals,” which provides a concise account of the variety of ancient seals from Iran’s historical sites. Second, “The First Seal of the Islamic World,” which is an introduction to the origination of using seals in the Isla
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Ning, Chia. "Seal Impressions on the 1689 and 1860 Sino-Russian Treaties: Material Culture in Diplomatic Culture." Athens Journal of History 11, no. 1 (2024): 21–50. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.11-1-2.

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This study underscores the crucial role of seal impressions on Sino-Russian treaties, viewing the indifference of seal-created visual information as a significant defect in current treaty scholarship. This research proposes that the analysis of material seals holds equal importance to the textual examination of written articles in comprehending Sino-Russian diplomatic culture. The mandatory use of official seals for signing bilateral treaties in both the Qing and Russian Empires is deeply rooted in their unique civilizations and traditions. From this background, the political culture of these
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Königson, Sara, Arne Fjälling, and Sven-Gunnar Lunneryd. "Grey seal induced catch losses in the herring gillnet fisheries in the northern Baltic." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 6 (January 1, 2007): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2735.

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The interaction between grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and the Baltic gillnet fishery for herring (Clupea harengus) during the period 2000-2005 was investigated, by comparing and contrasting 3 sources of information: data from the European Union (EU) official logbook system, data from a voluntary logbook system and data from field studies. While the EU official logbooks suggest that seal disturbance occurred in 30% of all herring gillnet fishing events, data from the voluntary logbook gavea figure of 60%. There was a pronounced seasonal variation in the frequency of seal-disturbed fishing eff
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Barkay, Gabriel, and Andrew G. Vaughn. "New Readings of Hezekian Official Seal Impressions." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304 (November 1996): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357439.

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Barkay, Gabriel, and Andrew G. Vaughn. "An Official Seal Impression from Lachish Reconsidered." Tel Aviv 22, no. 1 (1995): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tav.1995.1995.1.94.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Official seal"

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Merlo, Vittoria. "Abundance and composition of marine litter along the italian coasts: contribution from official monitoring and citizen science." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Assessment of amounts, distribution, composition and sources of beach litter was conducted on Italian coast in 2017. Data have been collected by scientific staff from the Regional Environmental Protection Agencies of Italy (MSFD), and by citizen scientists coordinated by the environmental association Legambiente (Clean Up the Med initiative). The vast majority of marine litter collected (>70%) were plastic objects, 30% of which were single-use plastic. In the investigated MSFD subregions, Adriatic Sea appeared to have the highest presence of fishing-related items (7.76%), Western Mediterranean
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Gardoňová, Lenka. "Vliv vybraných aktivních látek na vlastnosti gelových a emulzních kosmetických základů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216529.

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This master‘s thesis studies problems of chosen active substances in cosmetic emulsions and gels. There is their main characteristics – distribution and properties of cosmetic emulsions and gels, preparation of the active substances, effects on the skin and conditions, which could them influence. In experimental part, preparation of gels and emulsions bases was described which were than enriched by active substances - evening primrose oil, hemp oil, Salvia officinalis extract, Symphytum officinale extract and sea salt. Properties of these cosmetic gels and emulsions bases with the addition of
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LIU, JEN-CHAO, and 劉仁超. "The Research on Taiwan Official Seals During The Qing Dynasty." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64950524104110219536.

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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>台灣文化研究所<br>105<br>The study aims at investigating the official seals in Taiwan during Qing-ruling Period (1684-1895). The whole thesis is mainly divided into three sections: first of all, to understand how Taiwan’s officials operate the seal system under the domination of the Qing Dynasty, the research collected scattered historical materials from the statutes in Hui Dian compiled through all reigns and from the memorials to the throne, and unveiled the contemporary seal system, including the regulations of appearances, the control over granting and withdrawing seals, the norms
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Hung, Shih Hui, and 洪詩惠. "The Interaction and Compatibility Between the Official Cult and the Popular Belief — A Case Study on the Worship of God of the Southern Seas in the Qing Dynasty." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h8yea7.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>歷史研究所<br>103<br>In the years after the imperial consolidation by the Qin and Han, sacrifices to the gods of mountains, seas, and rivers were included in state ceremonies. The God of the Southern Seas was among those worshiped by emperors. The official worship of the God of the Southern Seas symbolized the emperor’s ruling power throughout the territory while simultaneously demonstrating the need to pray for favorable weather. In 594 CE, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty issued an edict requiring the construction of local temples to worship the Gods of the Eastern, Western, Norther
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Books on the topic "Official seal"

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1966-, Peck Peter Field, ed. The official United States Navy SEAL workout. Five Star Pub., 1998.

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Layton, Thomas. Socom II: U.S. Navy Seals : official strategy guide. BradyGames, 2003.

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Archer, Mandy. Moshi monsters: The official annual 2013. Ladybird Books, 2012.

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Jonathan, Harris. Adrift in turbulent seas: The political and ideological struggles of Ivan Kuzʹmich Polozkov. REES, The Center for Russian and East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 1993.

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tang, Wen ya. Xiang jia xiang chu tu Qin feng ni. Wen ya tang, 2000.

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Marsit, Mohamed Mouldi. Le tribunal du droit de la mer: Présentation et textes officiels. A. Pedone, 1999.

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Senior Government Officials' Meeting on the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of Aast Asia (2003 Pattaya, Thailand). Proceedings of the Senior Government Officials' Meeting on the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia. GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme on Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia, 2003.

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Affairs, United States Congress Senate Committee on Governmental. Nomination of Sean O'Keefe: Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, On Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, on the nomination of Sean O'Keefe to be Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget, February 27, 2001. U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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Pang, Renlong. Qin feng ni gai lun. Shanxi shi fan da xue chu ban zong she, 2021.

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United Nations. Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the Law of the Sea., ed. The Law of the sea: Master file containing references to official documents of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. United Nations, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Official seal"

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Landorff, Laura. "Who Gets a Seat at the Table? Civil Society Incumbents and Challengers in the European Parliament’s Consultations." In Palgrave Studies in Third Sector Research. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40150-3_13.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the participation of animal welfare civil society organisations (CSOs) in the European Parliament’s (EP’s) public hearings and in the Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of Animals to reveal who gets a seat at the table when EU parliamentarians consult civil society on animal welfare policies. Theorising the EP as a Strategic Action Field (SAF), animal welfare CSOs invited to official EP public hearings are conceptualised as incumbents, while animal welfare CSOs invited to unofficial Intergroups are perceived as challengers. Drawing on an original sample th
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Peker, Hasan. "Philological Remarks on the Sealings from Empire Period of Karkemish." In Studia Asiana. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0042-4.09.

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Over 500 clay sealings from the Hittite Empire Period were retrieved in a LB II stratum of Area C East in the Lower Palace area (excavations seasons 2017-2021). 301 clay sealings were sealed 493 times by over 50 different seals belonging to c. 35 officials. In this paper, philological comments will be made about the officials of the relevant archive whose names and/or titles/professions are legible and a new interpretation of the sign L254 will be suggested as an Addendum.
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Maciel, Carolina, and Bettina Bock. "Animal welfare measures and the WTO Post-EC - seal products case: a renewed debate and research agenda." In The economics of farm animal welfare: theory, evidence and policy. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392312.0156.

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Abstract For nearly 20 years trade officials and scholars debated whether a national measure restricting trade on the basis of animal welfare concerns could be deemed compliant with the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In June 2014, the dispute settlement body of the WTO adopted the decision on the EC - Seal Products case confirming that trade-restrictive measures aimed at safeguarding the welfare of animals can be deemed necessary to protect citizens' moral concerns. While this decision provides long-awaited answers and insights, it does not exhaust the debate on the obstacles for
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Klein, John. "Triumph and Disaster of Collaboration: Henri Matisse and the Gobelins, 1946-1949." In L’Invention partagée. Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4000/141m5.

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Following the Second World War, France’s newly established Mobilier national, the bureau responsible for official State commissions of artworks, sought to revive traditional French decorative arts as part of a broader recovery effort. Tapestry, produced at the Gobelins and Beauvais manufactories then located in Paris, was at the center of this cultural initiative. The Gobelins (as they were called collectively) had two main motivations: to jump-start tapestry production after the war’s interruption; and to redress what Gobelins officials believed was a long-term and lamentable decline in this
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Vaughn, Andrew G. "lmlk AND OFFICIAL SEAL IMPRESSIONS." In Tel Beth-Shemesh: A Border Community in Judah. Penn State University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv1bxh427.23.

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Vaughn, Andrew, and Yuval Goren. "Chapter 14 lmlk AND OFFICIAL SEAL IMPRESSIONS." In Tel Beth-Shemesh: A Border Community in Judah. Penn State University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781575064536-016.

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Davis, Derek H. "A national seal and a ( national?) Bible." In Religion and the Continent Al Congress 1774-1789. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133554.003.0008.

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Abstract Th, fast of two sections in this chapter considmth, religious overtones of the Continental Congress’s creation and adoption of he nation’s official seal. The design of the seal indicates again Congress’s irreluctance to assign religious meaning to the events surrounding the formation of the new nation. The second section examines Congress’s consideration of a proposal to pay for the publication of 20,000 copies of an American edition of the Bible needed to meet a severe shortage of Bibles in the colonies during the Revolutionary War.
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"THE SEAL OF USHRA-SAMU, OFFICIAL OF EBLA, AND ISHKHARA’S ICONOGRAPHY." In Opening the Tablet Box. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004186569_018.

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Beaman, Elizabeth. "The Pribilof Islands." In A Republic Of Rivers. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195061024.003.0015.

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Abstract Elizabeth Dubois Beaman (1844-1932) was the first non-native American woman to live on the remote Pribilof Islands of Alaska’s Bering Sea. She arrived on the islands in 1879 with her husband, John Warren Beaman, a U. S. government official. At that time the Alaska Commercial Company operated the profitable fur seal industry in the region. Her writings were published posthumously in 1987 as Libby: The Sketches, Letters, and Journal of Libby Beaman, Recorded in the Pribilof Islands 1879-1880 (Council Oak Books).
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Otto, Adelheid. "OFFICIAL SEAL MOTIFS AT LARSA AND UR IN THE 19TH CENTURY BC." In De l'Argile au Numerique. Peeters Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1q26s9t.40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Official seal"

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Braekke, Anders. "How Can Companies Go Greener? (-…Psst: without Loosing Performance)." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00011.

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The Global coating market is having a lot of pressure from official bodies and customers to take the business into a green direction. A greener approach will create need for new products and specifications. Increased global trade will put further pressure on producer to serve similar qualities to all countries. American companies with production in Korea and China expect identical products with same environmental profile. It is no longer possible to sell less environmental acceptable products in Africa and Asia.
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Veresiu, Silvia, Madalina Rus, Elena Mereuta, Valentin Amortila, and Mihai Gingarasu. "STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY ON THE LEVEL OF POLLUTION OF WASTEWATER IN ROMANIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s19.59.

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This research aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the necessity for generating electrical energy using conventional methods, simultaneously assessing the impact on water quality. Wastewater, originating from fluids used in industrial processes or households, contains various impurities and is discharged into the natural aquatic environment (such as rivers, lakes, or the Black Sea) or onto various lands, either with or without prior treatment. The production and utilization of primary energy raw materials, such as coal, oil, natural gas, firewood, or the generation of energy through hydroele
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Li, Guo, and Jinmei Zang. "Realization of Electronic Official Seal System Based on WORD." In 2009 International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted Computing (NSWCTC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nswctc.2009.211.

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Боков, Юрий Александрович. "ASSESSMENT OF THE «CULTURE OF THE VOTER» BY THE OFFICIAL SEAL OF PRUSSIA OF THE XIX CENTURY." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Январь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt189.2021.70.81.007.

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В Пруссии XIX века не использовался термин "электоральная культура", но акцентировалось внимание на "культурности избирателя". Официальная пресса отмечала, что культурный избиратель консервативен, сдержан, любит свою страну, принадлежит к христианской конфессии и участвует в выборах. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-011-00436. In the Prussia of the XIX century, the term "electoral culture" was not used, but attention was focused on the "culture of the voter". The official press noted that the cultural voter is conservative, reserved, loves his
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Zhang, Kai, and Yuxi Yuan. "On Construction of Service-oriented Organs in Universities from the Perspective of Reform on Official Seal System." In 2016 International Conference on Education, Management Science and Economics. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemse-16.2016.116.

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Louis, Rotchild, Géthro Dauphin, Yves Zech, Adermus Joseph, Nyankona Gonomy, and Sandra Soares-Frazão. "Assessment of UAV-based photogrammetry for bathymetry measurements in Haiti: comparison with manual surveys and official data." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022883.

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Pavlova, Irina K. "AS THE ASTRAKHAN MERCHANT STEPAN LIONOZOV BECAME THE FIRST FISHERMAN IN PERSIA (FROM THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN-PERSIAN RELATIONS OF THE 19th CENTURY)." In 32nd International Congress on Source Studies and Historiography of Asia and Africa “Russia and the East. Сommemorating 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg State University. St. Petersburg State University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288064135.08.

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This article is based on unpublished and still little-known to researchers archival materials (Archive of Foreign policy of Russian Empire, Moscow) concerning the reasons and circumstances of the signing of the first Russian contract for fishing in the Caspian sea of Persia. Analyzing of these the materials we can say about the role of Tsar’s administration at this project. According to these archival documents it is clear why Stepan Lionozov was the very person who was sent in Persia by Tsar’s administration, how manner the Russian officials elected the reliable man for creating of the fish e
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Klompas, Nicholas. "Limit Cycle due to Interlocked Shroud Friction: Instrumental to the High-Bypass Turbofan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0364.

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The limit cycle induced by friction at interlocked shrouds of a bladed disk flexing in the mode of one nodal diameter is defined and validated by results of manufacturer’s tests designed to diagnose breakage of a fan blade outer panel. Despite indications in reported rotor failures, this mode, first demonstrated by Wilfred Campbell in the twenties, is not yet recognized in research or design. The bases of possible excessive vibratory stresses and limitations of the unproven but widespread assumption of beneficial damping due to slippage at interlocked shrouds are advanced for this mode. The ac
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Никитин, А. Б., and В. А. Гаибов. "Seleucid Bullae in the State Hermitage Collection." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-307-7.119-141.

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Селевкидские буллы это небольшие куски глины или битума, крепившиеся к документам, обычно контрактам или налоговым счетам. Многие из булл несут на себе следы веревок (шнуров) или отпечатки папирусных свитков. Их поверхность покрыта оттисками печатей магистратов и свидетелей. Оттиски печатей на селевкидских буллах разнообразны. Изредка встречаются царские печати с изображениями правителей. Официальные печати содержат надписи: обозначение должности, административной единицы (например, название города), дату по эре Селевка (начиная с 312 г. до н.э.). Печати частных лиц, выступавших свидетелями, ч
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Bhowmick, Alok. "A new IRC Guideline for Design, Construction and Maintenance of Extradosed Bridges in India." In IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newdelhi.2023.1451.

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&lt;p&gt;Initiated by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC), the official body that is responsible for developing standards and codes for Roads and Bridges in India and an institution which represents the think- tank on the subject, IRC constituted a body of experts under the aegis of the B-9 Committee 'Specialised Bridge Structure including Sea-Link', to formulate a guideline for the design, construction, and maintenance of extradosed bridges. Currently, there are more than 30 extradosed bridges existing or under construction in India. Many more are in the pipeline, in bidding stage. This paper hig
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Reports on the topic "Official seal"

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Minten, Bart, Belay Mohammed, and Seneshaw Tamru. Most Malawian maize and soybean farmers sell below official minimum farmgate prices. International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133911.

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Jokinen, Pauli, Pentti Pirinen, Juho-Pekka Kaukoranta, et al. Climatological and oceanographic statistics of Finland 1991–2020. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361485.

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This report consists of climate statistics for air pressure, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, snow depth, wind, sunshine and global radiation for the normal period covering the years 1991–2020. In addition for the first time oceanographic statistics for sea water level, sea water temperature and sea ice are included. Based on the station and gridded data the new 1991–2020 normal period is approximately 0.6 °C warmer in Finland compared to the previous 1981–2010 period. The new normal period is approximately 1.3 °C warmer when compared to the 1961–1990 period. Climate and oceanogr
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Whitaker, Stephen. Rocky intertidal community monitoring at Channel Islands National Park: 2018–19 annual report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299674.

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Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern islands off the coast of southern California (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara Islands) and the surrounding waters out one nautical mile. There are approximately 176 miles of coastline around the islands, about 80% of which is composed of rock. The diversity and undisturbed nature of the tidepools of this rocky coastline were recognized as special features of the islands in the enabling legislation. To conserve these communities unimpaired for future generations, the National Park Service has been monitoring
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Estevadeordal, Antoni, and Ekaterina Krivonos. Negotiating Market Access between the European Union and MERCOSUR: Issues and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008654.

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The European Union (EU) and MERCOSUR are the largest and most influential regions, both by population and in terms of size of the economy, of their respective continents. The renewed priority given to biregional cooperation launched by the Inter-Regional Framework Agreement signed in 1995 is based on deep historical, political, economic and cultural links between the two regions. The potential advantages of an agreement that will foster a process of dynamic cooperation are enormous, ranging from political influence to economic returns, including the gains from comparative advantage, expanding
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Dunbar, Joseph. Vertical and horizontal datums used in the Lower Mississippi Valley for US Army Corps of Engineers projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42781.

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Six geodetic datums have been used by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Mississippi River Commission (MRC), for river surveys in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV). These legacy elevation datums are the Cairo datum, the Memphis datum, the Mean Gulf Level (MGL), the Mean Sea Level (MSL), the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) 1929, and the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88). The official geodetic datum currently prescribed by the USACE is NAVD88 (USACE 2010). In addition to these different geodetic datums, hydraulic datums are in use by the USACE for rivers, lakes, and reser
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Wolfmaier, Susanne, Adrian Foong, and Christian König. Climate, conflict and COVID-19: How does the pandemic affect EU policies on climate-fragility? Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc018.

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The links between climate change and conflict have been well-documented in recent observations and academic literature: far from being causally direct, these links often depend on specific conditions and occur through certain pathways (Koubi, 2019). For example, conflicts have been found to be more likely in areas with poor access to infrastructure and facilities (Detges, 2016), or where government distrust and political bias are prevalent (Detges, 2017). As such, climate change has often been described as a ‘threat multiplier’, making it imperative for security and development actors to consi
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Export of Digital Surveillance Technologies From China to Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.123.

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There is evidence to show that Chinese companies, with some state credit backing, are selling digital surveillance technologies to developing countries, which are then sometimes used in authoritarian practices. However, there is little direct evidence to show that surveillance technologies sold by Chinese companies have more authoritarian potential than the technologies sold by non-Chinese companies. Some researchers define “surveillance technologies” as including any form of digital infrastructure. There is data to show that developing country governments are contracting Chinese companies to
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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.

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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part
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Technical Support Network to Employment Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006048.

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The development of a country depends to a large extent on its labor force, and public employment services play a central role so that people can find good jobs and companies can get qualified workers according to their needs. The Inter-American Development Bank created the Red SEALC in 2009 to support the efforts of Latin American and Caribbean governments to build and strengthen their public employment services. The initiative aims at improving the labor opportunities for workers and increasing the productivity of businesses and countries. The Red SEALC finances programs so that public employ
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