Relevant bibliographies by topics / Offset Printing Inks

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Offset Printing Inks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Offset Printing Inks"

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Kapović, Dominik, Mirela Rožić, Marina Vukoje, and Branka Lozo. "Ink tack stability readings of the offset thermochromic inks." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 4 (2019): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2018-0064.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the tack stability measurement readings of thermochromic offset inks. For this purpose, three reversible leuco-dye formed thermochromic inks were used to evaluate their tack. The used inks differ in their activation temperature, colour, drying mechanism, viscosity and chemical content. Thermochromic offset inks differ from conventional inks in formulation and size of colourants due to the presence of the microcapsules. Design/methodology/approach Printing inks in offset lithography must have sufficient tack so they can be transported from a reservoir onto the substrate. The ink transfer takes place through the ink splitting by inking rollers, printing plate and blanket transport. An IGT Tackoscope device was used to produce the dynamic readings of ink tack as a function of distribution and splitting time. The data can be used for prediction of the ink press stability under controlled settings, such as temperature. Findings This research explains the temperature and velocity influence on the tack stability measurement readings of thermochromic inks. It also gives an insight of the chemical compounds that dictate the tack measuring reading results. Originality/value Development of new printing inks, such as thermochromic printing inks, may affect the printing of different products. The research was conducted due to a lack of available data for the tack of thermochromic inks.
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Strižić Jakovljević, Maja, Sanja Mahović Poljaček, Sonja Jamnicki Hanzer, Davor Donevski, and Tamara Tomašegović. "Towards Expanding the Use of Paper Made from Recycled and Non-Woody Plants: Enhancing the Print Quality through the Application of Nano-Modified Offset Inks." Sustainability 16, no. 11 (2024): 4785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114785.

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This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using paper made from eco-friendly recycled and non-woody plants in graphic technology, particularly in offset printing. Instead of changing the composition or modifying the surface properties of the paper, the focus was on enhancing the print quality by modifying the printing ink. By modifying the printing inks, the quality of the prints on recycled and non-woody paper can be optimized, which in turn reduces the need for paper made from primary fibers. This approach can expand the use of alternative materials in graphic technology and design. The objective was to optimize the print quality on these sustainable materials. Five types of uncoated paper were used, with high-quality uncoated offset paper based on virgin fibers serving as a reference. Laboratory tests of the basic and surface properties were carried out to measure the paper quality parameters that are important for offset printing. The influence of the paper composition on its optical and colorimetric properties was also investigated. The interaction between the selected papers and offset inks was examined through measurements of adhesion parameters and ink transfer, i.e., the paper’s ability to accept the ink. To enhance the applicability of the investigated papers as printing substrates in the graphic industry, SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were added to the offset inks. The influence of the paper composition on the colorimetric properties of the prints was also investigated. The print uniformity, as an important quality characteristic, was determined by measuring the mottling index. The research findings indicate that incorporating SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles into offset inks can enhance the interaction between the paper and ink, leading to improved print quality. This study provides new perspectives on the possibilities of using recycled and non-woody plant paper in offset printing without significantly compromising the quality of the print.
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Jiang, Wen Yan, and Zhi Hong Wang. "Research on the Method of Determining the Optimum Parameters for Offset Ink." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.255.

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By experimental method, the optimum parameters for offset ink were investigated under standard printing conditions. Firstly, the relationship between solid ink density and print contrast was established, and the optimum values of solid ink densities and print contrasts were calculated. Then, perfect tone reproduction was achieved by dot gain compensation, in which the calibration curves were obtained by the target curves and the initial tone value increase(TVI) curves based on optimum SIDs. The results showed that this method of determining the optimum parameters for offset inks were practicable and reliable, it can be used to research the printability of inks and papers, optimize printing process, improve printing quality, and provide method of standardization of process control for printing institutions.
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Deng, Zhichao, Jin Wang, Zhixiong Hu, et al. "Complex Refractive Index Dispersion of Strong Absorbing Material Determined Using Internal Reflectance Spectra Measurement." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 9 (2018): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818781589.

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Complex refractive index dispersion (CRID) of offset inks is an important spectral property that affects the quality of printing. Due to the strong absorption of offset inks, great difficulty exists when measuring their CRID. In this study, a recently proposed apparatus that can detect the internal reflectance spectra was used to measure the CRID of three strong absorbing offset inks (magenta, yellow, and cyan). Both anomalous dispersion curve and extinction coefficient curve were well determined over the spectral range of 400–750 nm. This study experimentally proves that the apparatus and related method are feasible for the CRID measurement of strong absorbing materials and could serve as a powerful measuring tool for optical parameters.
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Sagu, Jagdeep S., Nicola York, Darren Southee, and K. G. U. Wijayantha. "Printed electrodes for flexible, light-weight solid-state supercapacitors – a feasibility study." Circuit World 41, no. 2 (2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-01-2015-0004.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the feasibility of the manufacture of printed rechargeable power sources incorporating, in the first instance, electrode structures from the previous study, and moving on to improved electrode structures fabricated, via flexographic printing, using commercially available inks. It has been shown previously that offset lithography, a common printing technique, can be used to make electrodes for energy storage devices such as primary cells. Design/methodology/approach – A pair of the original Ag/C electrodes, printed via offset lithography, were sandwiched together with a PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and then sealed. The resultant structures were characterised using electrochemical techniques and the performance as supercapacitors assessed. Following these studies, electrode structures of the same dimensions, consisting of two layers, a silver-based current collector covered with a high surface area carbon layer, were printed flexographically, using inks, on a melinex substrate. The characterisation and assessment of these structures, as supercapacitors, was determined. Findings – It was found that the supercapacitors constructed using the offset lithographic electrodes exhibited a capacitance of 0.72 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 3.96 Ω. The structures fabricated via flexography exhibited a capacitance of 4 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 1.25 Ω The supercapacitor structures were subjected to bending and rolling tests to determine device performance under deformation and stress. It was found that supercapacitor performance was not significantly reduced by bending or rolling. Originality/value – This paper provides insight into the use of printed silver/carbon electrodes within supercapacitor structures and compares the performance of devices fabricated using inks for offset lithographic printing presses and those made using commercially available inks for flexographic printing. The potential viability of such structures for low-end and cheap energy storage devices is demonstrated.
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Pudas, Marko, Juha Hagberg, and Seppo Leppävuori. "Gravure offset printing of polymer inks for conductors." Progress in Organic Coatings 49, no. 4 (2004): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.09.013.

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Aydemir, Cem, Semiha Yenidoğan, Arif Karademir, and Emine Arman Kandirmaz. "The examination of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks’ effects on print quality: Green printing effects with different oils." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 3 (2018): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800018764761.

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Introduction: Printing inks oil selection is related to the desired nature of the varnish in the ink production. Petroleum-derived mineral oils and vegetable oils can be used in offset inks. Methods: In this study, the behaviors of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks on uncoated and coated paper surfaces were investigated in terms of printability. Solid tone test prints were done with offset printing of these inks. Print gloss of the printed samples was measured and a light fastness test was implemented on these samples in order to determine the resistance to fading. Absorption behavior and contact angles of the ink-printed films on the test papers were measured with the sessile water drop method depending on time, and surface energies were calculated. Results: On both paper types, linseed–soybean oil-based vegetable ink gave the highest brightness value. The lowest print gloss results on the paper were obtained from soybean oil-based inks. The lowest color change was recorded with mineral oil-based inks on gloss-coated papers. According to the ink-film–surface relation, when the contact angle is high, surface energy decreases and the absorbency of the ink-film is lower. Conclusions: In this study, the behaviors of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks on different paper surfaces, and the effect on the quality of printability as well as differences, have been evaluated, taking environmental and health factors into consideration.
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Aydemir, Cem, and Samed Ayhan Özsoy. "Environmental impact of printing inks and printing process." Journal of graphic engineering and design 11, no. 2 (2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2020-2-011.

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In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated. Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.
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Sayeda S Ali, Sayeda S. Ali, Mohammad Hegazy Mohammad Hegazy, and Yasser K. Abdel Monem and Ahmed S. Abou Elyazed Yasser K Abdel Monem and Ahmed S Abou Elyazed. "The Influence of Synthesized TiO2-Nanoparticles on the Performance of Inks Utilized in Printing Documents." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 45, no. 5 (2023): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/001331/jcsp/45.05.2023.

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Titanium dioxide is also called titania and occurs in nature in anatase and rutile forms. It is widely used as a white pigment, catalyst support, and photocatalyst. Nano-TiO2 pigments in pure crystallographic anatase phases have been successfully synthesized via sol-gel method. Nano-TiO2 material has been characterized by various techniques such as XRD, TEM, and XPS. The prepared nano-TiO2 was mixed with two different offset inks (falcon and jobbing) to upgrade the physical and optical properties of the offset inks and compared with Degussa TiO2 before and after the application was tracking and measured. Generally, requiring a small amount of modification is better to avoid any ink malfunction, nano ink requires 0.1 % is because of the photoactive anatase structure of TiO2, while Degussa requires 1 % because it has a 15% rutile structure, which considered a photoinactive phase structure of TiO2.
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Jakopčević, Zrinka, Katarina Itrić Ivanda, Rahela Kulčar, Suzana Pasanec Preprotić, and Marina Vukoje. "Enhancing Applicability of Reversible UV Thermochromic Offset Inks: Edge Quality Parameters and Thermochromic Printing System Modulation Transfer Function." Materials 16, no. 8 (2023): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083125.

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Modern logo design is characterized by its ability to convey information through the use of various images and text compositions. These designs often use simple elements such as lines to capture the essence of a product. When using thermochromic inks in logo design, it is important to consider their composition and behavior, as they differ significantly from conventional printing inks. This study aimed to determine the resolution capabilities of the dry offset printing technique when using thermochromic ink, with the ultimate goal of optimizing the thermochromic ink printing process. Horizontal and vertical lines were printed using both thermochromic and conventional inks to compare the edge reproduction characteristics of the two ink types. Moreover, the impact of the type of applied ink on the share of mechanical dot gain of the print was investigated. Additionally, modulation transfer function (MTF) reproduction curves were generated for each print. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to investigate the surface of the substrate and prints. It was found that the quality of the printed edge produced by thermochromic inks can rival that of conventional inks. Thermochromic edges showed lower raggedness and blurriness values for horizontal lines, whereas line orientation proved to be insignificant in the case of vertical lines. MTF reproduction curves confirmed higher spatial resolution for vertical lines in the case of conventional inks, whereas they were identical for horizontal lines. The share of mechanical dot gain is not highly influenced by the ink type. SEM micrographs confirmed that the conventional ink smooths out the micro-roughness of the substrate. However, on the surface, the microcapsules of thermochromic ink (measuring 0.5–2 µm) are observable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Offset Printing Inks"

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Wickman, Marie. "Surface chemical behaviour of alkyd resins in offset printing inks /." Stockholm, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/wick0417.pdf.

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Pudas, M. (Marko). "Gravure-offset printing in the manufacture of ultra-fine-line thick-films for electronics." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514273036.

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Abstract In gravure offset printing, ink is transferred with the help of an offset material from a patterned gravure plate to a substrate. This thesis is concerned with the study and further development of this printing process for electronics; on alumina, glass and polymers. The work has been divided into five parts. In the first section, the printing process is described. The second section describes the composition of the inks for gravure offset printing and the resulting ink properties. It also presents the ink transfer mechanism; the model that explains how the ink is transferred between an offset material and a substrate. The third chapter details the printing process explained by a solvent absorption mechanism. The forth chapter describes the firing/curing of printed samples and their properties. The last chapter describes applications of the method. The inks used to produce conductors on ceramics (ceramic inks) and conductors on polymers (polymer inks) contain silver particles, and were under development for gravure offset printing. The major achieved properties were the high ink pickup to the offset blanket and high transfer percentage to the substrate. 100% ink transfer from blanket to substrate for ceramic inks and almost 100% ink transfer for polymer inks was obtained. The printing of ceramic inks was able to produce 8 μm of relatively thick, 300 μm wide lines with < 10 mΩ/sq. resistance. The minimum line width for conducting lines was 35 μm, with one printing. Multi printing was applied producing as many as 10 times wet-on-wet multiprinted lines with 100 % ink transfer from blanket to substrate resulting in a square resistance of 1mΩ/sq. Polymer inks were able produce a square resistance of 20 mΩ/sq. for 300 μm wide lines after curing at 140 °C for about 15 min, and the minimum width was down to 70 μm. In the optimised manufacturing process, the delay time on the blanket was reduced to 3 s. In addition to ultra-fine-line manufacturing of conductors, the method enables the manufacture of special structures e.g. laser-solder contact pads with 28/28 μm lines/spaces resolution. With industrial printing equipment it is possible to produce 100 m2/h with the demonstrated printing properties.
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Voltaire, Joakim. "Ink Film Splitting Acoustics in Offset Printing." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3869.

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Gu, Wei. "Surface Modification of Pigments and its Role in Offset Ink Setting." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GuW2006.pdf.

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Vlachopoulos, Georgios. "Phenomena affecting ink transfer in offset lithographic printing." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42395.

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The ink transfer mechanisms in the offset lithographic printing process is consisted by a complex inking roller train which a series of alternately rigid and deformable rollers, are used to precondition and deliver the printing fluid from the ink and fount reservoirs to the image carrier. The lithographic printing inks are complex formulated non-Newtonian fluids with high viscoelastic rheological profile and thixotropic behaviour. A set of ink dilutions was produced based on coldset lithographic printing ink diluted in concentration with Butyl-Diglycol. The rheological profile of the produced inks was examined by detailed rheological characterisation with particular interest on viscosity on tack, thixotropy, viscoelasticity, surface tension, extension and shear viscosity. Further examination established the relationships between shear viscosity and tack focusing on a printing nip between a rigid and elastic roller. A decrease in tack was found to be associated with a decrease in shear and the apparent extension viscosity. Developed imprinting and photographic techniques used to capture and characterise the fundamental phenomena of ribbing and misting associated with ink film splitting at the rollers nip in offset printing. Such techniques used to capture the dynamic profile of those mechanisms on a closed loop distribution system by using a tack meter. The detailed profile of those phenomena was characterised with particular interest on the relationship with the fluids rheological profile and the Capillary number. Extension rheometer was also used to analyse the mechanisms of ribbing and misting phenomena by experimental simulation of a printing nip. A factorial experiment was undertaken based on LI8 Orthogonal Array techniques. The parameters of rollers ratio, ink film thickness, temperature, distribution speed, distribution time and inks viscosity were found to have an influence on misting and ribbing phenomena. Results and analysis established responses and interactions between the process parameters but also between ribbing and misting as essential phenomena with the ink transfer mechanisms in lithographic printing process.
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Chung, Shiuh-Dong. "An investigation of inking adjustments versus their response time in a web offset press /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11156.

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Dailey, David Gordon. "A study of the effect of ink viscosity on dot gain in offset lithography /." Online version of thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10319.

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Voltaire, Joakim. "Ink film splitting acoustics and tack on paper in offset printing." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1792.

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<p>This licentiate thesis comprises two complementary studiesdealing with the sheet-fed offset printing of paper. The firststudy addresses the further development of a practical methodto acoustically monitor and analyse the film splitting ofoffset inks. This method was tested on laboratory printingequipment, specifically monitoring the continuous ink splittingin the nip of an IGT ink distribution unit and the short-timeink splitting in the inked print disc-paper nip of the printingunit of an ISIT instrument. The study verified that the inksplitting component of the acoustic signal contributes to thehigher frequency range (10-20 kHz) of the audible spectrum, andcan thus be separated from the lower frequency machine noise.Furthermore, the film splitting component is sensitive tochanges in the ink and printing conditions, thus enabling itsuse in probing the fundamental mechanisms occurring during inktransfer and also suggesting its applicability fornon-intrusive monitoring of industrial printing presses. Anincrease in film thickness during ink distribution correspondsto an increased acoustic power, with the exception of very lowink amounts, which give reduced acoustic emission due to alubricating effect. The effect of the presence of fountainsolution was simulated by adding emulsion-forming, butnon-evaporative, ethylene glycol. This produces an increase inacoustic power at low amounts, due to resistance to glycol dropdeformation, followed by a decrease at higher amounts owing toexcess glycol lining the rolls. During test printing on paper,increasing ink amounts also display an increased acousticresponse.</p><p>The second study further developed a theoretical model toexplain and predict the evolution of ink tack in terms of inksetting directly after offset printing on coated paper. Asmeasured by the ISIT, the tack of the printed ink rises duringshorter time periods, attains a maximum, and then falls atlonger times. The proposed model described how the ink tack,characterised by the impulse during disc pull-off, dependsdynamically on the viscoelastic properties of the ink, thecontact with paper and disc, and the flow geometry. The inksetting was modelled as a diffusion-limited transport of theoil vehicle through the ink film and into the pores of thecoated paper. The coupling of the tack and setting models,compared to the ISIT experimental measurements, then provided adiffusion coeffcient for ink setting during the tack riseperiod. This coeffcient decreases with time, and increasinglyrapidly with decreasing ink amounts due to theconcentration-dependent diffusion. For an accurate descriptionthe elasticity and adhesion effects also have to be considered,at least for explaining the tack fall period.</p>
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DiSantis, Nicholas E. "Rub, fold, and abrasion resistance testing of digitally printed documents /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/4489.

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Wang, Dein. "An investigation of the applicability of Walker and Fetsko ink transfer equation on and the influence of ink viscosity on heat set ink used on the web offset process /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8839.

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Books on the topic "Offset Printing Inks"

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Eldred, Nelson Richards. Solving offset ink problems. 2nd ed. Graphic Arts Technical Foundation, 1987.

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Williams, Roger Lloyd. Paper & ink relationships. R.L. Williams, 1985.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for News and Non-Heat Web Offset Printing Inks. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for News and Non-Heat Web Offset Printing Inks in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for News and Non-Heat Web Offset Printing Inks in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for News and Non-Heat Web Offset Printing Inks in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for News and Non-Heat Web Offset Printing Inks in the United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Grasselli, Margaret Morgan, and Elizabeth Savage. Printing Colour 1700 - 1830. British AcademyLondon, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267530.001.0001.

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Abstract This book offers the first handbook of early modern colour printmaking in Europe in the late hand-press period, 1700–1830. It begins with the invention of full-colour printing around 1700, follows the transformations and mechanisation of printing processes following the Industrial Revolution, and concludes with the spread of chromolithography around 1830. For the first time, it presents new information about influential fine art prints and books alongside far more common colour-printed material: letterpress, book illustrations, and the products of cognate trades and industries, including vibrant textiles, wallpapers, and transfer-printed porcelain and enamels. It establishes that the history of colour printing diverges significantly from the mainstream history of printing, mainly in black, and creates an interdisciplinary paradigm for the history of graphic art that focuses on materiality and production rather than artistic style. Also, rather than considering only the London-Paris axis, or even western Europe, it reveals significant episodes and centres of colour printing in, for example, provincial towns, Scandinavia, and Russia, and markets for this work in areas then under colonial control, including India. The twenty-eight contributions represent the state of research in this still-emerging field. They offer art historical, bibliographical, technical, and scientific contexts for understanding the vast quantity of individual colour print projects—and colour-printed objects—were produced, sold, and used, including the colour inks themselves and the printing processes that enabled their production. Taken together, they demonstrate that colour prints were not rare outliers of fine art and elite scientific imagery, but essential components of many book, print and visual cultures that were in or connected to Europe in the long 18th century.
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Book chapters on the topic "Offset Printing Inks"

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Sundararajan, P. R., and Mostofa Kamal Khan. "Poly(vinyl butyral)." In Polymer Data Handbook. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181012.003.0196.

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Abstract Major Applications The significant use is in lamination of safety glass (automotive windshields). Others are structural adhesives, binders for rocket propellants, ceramics, in metallized brake linings, lithographic and offset printing plates, magnetic tapes, powder coatings; binder matrix in photoactive, elecrooptic and electronic devices, protective coatings for glass, metal, wood, and ceramics; in wash primers for protecting metal surfaces (e.g., naval vessels); adhesion promoter in inks; dispersions used in textile industry to improve abrasion resistance and reduce color crocking.
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Grasselli, Margaret Morgan. "Multiple-Plate Colour Prints and the Problems of Disappearing Inks, Missing Plates, and Variant Impressions." In Printing Colour 1700 - 1830. British AcademyLondon, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267530.003.0018.

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Abstract French colour intaglio prints of the 18th century offer some particular challenges for connoisseurs, which require specialised knowledge: a detailed understanding of the various printmaking techniques used to produce the prints; familiarity with the workshop practices of the artists who made them; and the ability to recognise the difference between intentional variants and compromised impressions. It is important to know, for example, that ink made with gamboge yellow disappears completely from a full-colour print that is washed with a solvent, thus radically changing the overall appearance of the impression. It is also necessary to understand that some printmakers produced variants on purpose, as they sought to prolong the marketability of their works by using different ink or paper colours for some prints, or by discarding or reworking individual plates used in the production of their most complex, multiple-plate works. Finally, one should know that works produced with à la poupée inking—in which several inks are carefully applied to a single plate, which is then printed in one pass through the press—and those to which hand-colouring has been added, are by their very nature always variants.
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Admane, Pravin, Sheetal Mane, and Kuldeep Vinchurkar. "3D Printing Technology in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Its Application in Drug Delivery in the Context of Personalized Medication." In Personalized Medicine - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006586.

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Manufacturing drug delivery systems using traditional processes is unsuitable for producing dosage forms tailored to individual patient needs. Traditional methods are labor-intensive, inflexible in dosing, and time-consuming. Consequently, there is a pressing need for healthcare industries to develop drug-delivery systems that provide personalized treatment. 3D printing technology, a revolutionary method, formulates customized doses with complex drug combinations. This novel technique involves depositing printing ink containing one or more drugs using software-based designs. 3D-printed dosage forms offer significant advantages over traditional manufacturing techniques, including the ability to tailor personalized dosage forms on demand, ensure accurate and precise drug dosing, and provide flexibility in shape and design according to market needs. The application of 3D printing techniques results in more patient-oriented outcomes, enhancing rational therapy with minimal side effects. Beyond its use in diagnostic fields like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), 3D printing is also applied to develop implants, personalized medical prosthetics, and solid dosage forms and enables rapid throughput screening of new drug molecules on 3D-printed biological tissues.
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Campbell, Angela. "Meticulous Matrices: Building a Chronology of Albrecht Dürer’s Meisterstiche Impressions through the Analysis and Documentation of Microscopic Scratches in His Engraved Plates." In Reassessing Epistemic Images in the Early Modern World. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723350_ch04.

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This chapter reviews the methods and results of an in-depth comparative study of Albrecht Dürer’s three meisterstiche – Melencolia I, Knight, Death, and the Devil, and St. Jerome in His Study. As a plate is prepared for printing, hard and sharp fragments of burr residue and inclusions in the printing ink are repeatedly rubbed across the matrix: fine scratches appear on the surface of the plate almost immediately and the crisp edges of the engraved areas are gradually worn down, making the cut lines softer and less well-defined. By digitally recording and comparing the marks of deterioration on each of the meisterstiche impressions, this study reconstructs a chronological sequencing method for individual impressions to offer new, diverse information about Dürer’s work.
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Kilgour, Frederick G. "The Electronic Book." In The Evolution of the Book. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195118599.003.0012.

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Abstract THE ELECTRONIC BOOK production system, although it also came into being in the last quarter of the twentieth century, has nothing in common with the three late-century printing systems, offset printing, flexography, and electrostatic printing, discussed in the previous chapter. It uses neither ink, paper, nor press, and it does not permanently print on anything; the format of the electronic book in no way resembles that of the convenient codex that has been traditional for nearly the last two thousand years, and it has met with unenthusiastic reception, chiefly because it presents a radical physical change for the user: from the familiar bound book in the hand to the monitor screen of a desktop computer or the flat-panel dis play of a laptop machine. The present situation with respect to electronic books is analogous to that of most late-nineteenth-century automobiles, which for nearly a decade after Karl Benz’s successful 1885 motorized tricycle were “horseless carriages,” until the French firm of Panhard and Lavassor built a machine having a design that has lasted more than a century: an engine in front under a hood instead of over the rear axle, a slanted post with steering wheel in place of a vertical post with tiller, and floor pedals rather than hand levers.
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Douglas, Kenneth. "What’s in the Offing?" In Bioprinting. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943547.003.0012.

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Abstract: This chapter attempts to peer into the possible future of bioprinting to consider two conceivable directions that bioprinting might take while also contemplating what we may be able to learn about bioprinting’s trajectory by reflecting on another biomedical quest—the twentieth-century’s attempt to conquer polio. In one study that might offer a route for bioprinting, a team created bioconstructs with cell densities approaching that of native tissue (about 10<sup>8</sup> cells/gram). The group used embedded 3D printing to create a branched, hierarchical network of vascular channels within a large, high cell density bioconstruct and perfused media through the channels that they created using fugitive ink. This was to provide nutrient support for the cells. They also built a high-density cardiac construct in which the cells beat synchronously and showed functional contractility. They quantitatively measured the deformation of the cardiac tissue during contraction.
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Conference papers on the topic "Offset Printing Inks"

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Kulčar, Rahela, Ivona Kračun, Marina Vukoje, Katarina Itrić Ivanda, and Tomislav Cigula. "INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF CHEMICAL AGENTS AND SUBSTRATES ON THE STABILITY OF THERMOCHROMIC PRINTING INKS." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND DESIGN. UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 21000 Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2024-p10.

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This research aims to analyse the chemical stability of thermochromic (TC) prints to determine which substances affect the TC effect and which parameters contribute to their better stability. Two different types of paper were chosen: synthetic and bulky, each distinguished by its unique chemical composition and absorbency characteristics. This study employed two TC inks based on leuco dyes—a 45°C activation temperature offset TC ink and a 31°C activation temperature TC screen printing ink. The offset TC printing ink dries through oxidative polymerisation, whereas the screen printing TC ink dries using UV radiation. Following printing, the samples underwent a chemical stability test in accordance with the ISO 2836 standard by employing water, ethanol, oil, and alkali. From the obtained results, we can conclude that the printing substrate significantly affects the stability of the TC ink. Samples printed on bulky paper were found to be less stable compared to those printed on synthetic paper. The paper's structure enables bulky paper to absorb more ink and chemicals, thereby accelerating the degradation of the TC ink. The greatest impact on the TC ink was shown by samples exposed to alkali printed with offset TC ink, while a slightly lesser impact was observed on samples printed with screen printing TC ink and exposed to oil and ethanol. UV TC inks require special drying conditions and drying units, while TC inks that dry by oxidative polymerization require an adequate air source and fewer conditions, making them cheaper. All these parameters ultimately define the cost of the product itself and the profitability of the entire printing process. The results of this study show that it is necessary to consider the type and purpose of the product itself and accordingly choose the appropriate TC ink and substrate for printing.)
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Koutake, Masayoshi, and Yoshinori Katayama. "Reverse offset printing and specialized inks for organic TFTs." In 2014 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icep.2014.6826701.

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Lall, Pradeep, Ved Soni, and Scott Miller. "Evaluation of Additive Circuits Printed With Sustainable Aqueous Silver Inks Using Aerosol Jet Printing and Gravure Offset Printing and Investigation of Circuit Repairability." In ASME 2023 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2023-112058.

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Abstract Additive printed electronics, in particular, has been a rapidly advancing field, with applications that span from smart packaging to energy harvesting systems to healthcare devices to intelligent textiles. The basic building block of any flexible circuit created by these technologies is conductive ink. This ink typically comprises metal nanoparticles and several solvents. However, many of the solvents used in these inks are toxic substances or include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have a variety of negative effects on the environment and human health, including air pollution, smog, respiratory problems, health risks, and reduced air quality. Consequently, there is a strong push toward developing sustainable materials for use in products, including ink formulations with fewer toxic solvents. In this study, researchers investigate the use of two printing techniques, aerosol jet printing and gravure offset printing, to print full-wave rectifiers (AC to DC conversion) and Voltage bridge oscillators (DC to AC conversion) using commercially available aqueous silver ink. The performance of the additively printed circuits is compared to both theoretical values and to the same circuits printed using non-aqueous inks. Additionally, a switch-mode battery charging circuit has also been printed with a sustainable ink and its performance has been investigated.
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Mahajan, Madhura, and Dr A. Arulmozhi. "TO ANALYSE THE FACTORS AFFECTING INK MIGRATION IN THE OFFSET LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PROCESS." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND DESIGN. UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF GRAPHIC ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 21000 Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2024-p8.

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Packaging for food is available in different forms based on product and technical requirements in the supply chain and the branding required for the product and package. Paper and board are versatile materials used to package foods. Manufacturers in the food packaging segment focus on the highest levels of manufacturing controls to protect the user and consumer. Migration from paper occurred very fast compared to migration from plastics. Printers must focus on the printing quality of that package. The offset press room manages colourful images with aesthetic outputs by ink flow. The offset process will do printing on paperboards with four process colours. Ink transferred on paperboard at the time of printing with an offset machine may affect the migration of foodstuff; therefore, using the experiment design, it is possible to evaluate migration due to paperboard and press parameters. Overall, ink migration on food simulant was measured. The simulants were selected as per regulations of U.S. FDA 176.170. The ink migration equation was used to calculate migration in mg/in2. Also, an optical microscope measured the ink penetration of each process colour to know its relation with ink migration. Thus, an analysis of the migration of contaminants into food simulants was carried out to evaluate the suitability of paperboards and inks
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Ström, Göran. "Review: Interaction between Offset Ink and Coated Paper – A Review of the Present Understanding." In Advances in Paper Science and Technology, edited by S. J. I’Anson. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2005.2.1101.

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The printing speed of offset presses has increased significantly during the last decade and this puts increasing demands on the interaction between the paper and ink. Poor interaction may result in runnability problems and low quality of the printed product. The research in this area has been intensive during many years and the knowledge of important phenomena has been significantly improved, although a full understanding is still missing. This review concentrate on offset printing of coated paper with special focus on sheet-fed offset. Properties of coatings and composition of offset inks are briefly discussed. Some data on ink film thickness and its lateral distribution is presented. Ink setting is reviewed in some detail and the effect of important coating properties (e.g. porosity, pore size, latex properties) and ink properties (ink oil viscosity and surface tension) are discussed. The interaction between latex binder and ink oil is given special attention. The impact of coating structure and ink setting on print quality is covered in some details. The importance of ink filament formation and levelling as well as coating topography and ink film thickness on print gloss is well established. Recent findings on relations between mottle tendency and non-uniformity of coating structure and ink setting are included.
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Mustač, Sandra, Igor Majnarić, Stanko Bauk, and Slaven Miloš. "Colour quality testing of CYAN offset prints depending on pigment concentration and different CTP screening mode." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p47.

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One of the problems in the offset printing technique is the picking of uncoated paper, which occurs due to the activity of pressure cylinder and sticky offset inks. To reduce offset ink stickiness, it is possible to add cheaper ink filler that will indirectly reduce the concentration of pigment. However, there is also a reduction in the colour tones and quality of reproduction. In this experiment we used: standard cyan offset ink (Sun Lit Express ink which consists of phthalocyanine based pigment) and high-quality gloss coated cardboard (250 g/m2 Euroart plus gloss). This paper aims to show how the CTP screening type (AM/FM mode) and the CTP line screening (80, 100, 120 line/cm and 10 μm, 20 μm 25 μm diameter of print elements) manifest on the reproduction quality of a standard gradation wedge. This research will create the possibility of correlating the factors of user reduction of pigment concentration and reproduction quality of cyan colour separation. By using the AM screenings and adding different concentrations of ink filler, more stable cyan prints are achieved.
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Karlovits, Igor, and Gregor Lavrič. "Paper surface efficiency and inkjet colour reproduction on invasive and agro residue papers." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p17.

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Paper surface efficiency was developed by Preucil and was intended to define the colourimetry and geometrical part of the light reflection with paper surface values. The surface characteristics of paper, primarily its roughness and absorptivity affect colour reproduction beside the ink pigments or dye. Rougher paper surfaces scatter the light in a more non-uniform manner while paper absorption may cause ink vehicle absorption and thus decreasing gloss, or it may absorb both vehicles and pigment-producing an unexpected colour shift. The formula was upgraded with paper whiteness values as the basic formula did not explain the whole phenomena. These paper properties were the foundation of the paper standardisation for standardised printing. On the other hand, during inkjet printing, a limited amount of liquid is deposited onto a paper surface. When the droplet hits the surface, it starts to spread and wet the surface depending on the ink and paper properties and had different colourant deposition from the formulas used mainly for offset printing inks. In this paper, we have researched the modified surface efficiency formula applied to inkjet printing (HP PageWide Pro 477dw) on invasive and agro-residue papers with specific non-white paper shades. We have measured the dynamic liquid penetration using ultrasound measurement to model the surface behaviour of the inks and measured CIE LCH values of the samples and calculated the CIE ΔE00 colour differences and the influence of paper surface efficiency and paper shade influence on the colour reproduction. The results indicate that using recalculated Cobb Absorption values gives good negative linear correlation with the original formula regarding the magnitude of colour difference.
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Kusaka, Y., J. Leppäniemi, A. Sneck, et al. "Reverse offset printing of metal acetylacetonate inks and its applications to a solution-processed IGZO-TFT." In 2018 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2018.j-4-02.

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Spiridonov, Iskren, and Rumyana Boeva. "Evaluation of the influence of artificial UV ageing of printed images." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p36.

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The main problems encountered in the long storage of printed or painted images are associated with deterioration of color characteristics and loss of information from them. The changes, that occur are due to the processes of ageing of the inks and papers. Natural ageing is a rather slow process. Therefore a study of the changes occurring with the printed images over the time under artificial UV radiation has been carried out. For the purpose of this experiment, was designed specialized test form, containing thousands of control patches for estimating the spectral, color and optical density shifts during the artificial ageing. The main goals of this research are to investigate the influence of artificial UV ageing on the optical density, spectral and color characteristics of printed images. The experiment have been performed in real printing conditions on state of art offset printing presses. The printing media used in the experiment are matte coated and uncoated offset paper, which are chosen because they are wide used all over the world. The test images and all the thousands of color control patches have been submitted to UV artificial ageing. The spectral and color characteristics of the inks and paper were examined during the different UV ageing period. The obtained results shows changes in all of investigated parameters during artificial ageing. The results are important from scientific and practical point of view. They might be used for modeling of ageing processes and could be very useful for recovering of original color characteristics of aged images.
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Kulčar, Rahela, Dorotea Maretić, Marina Vukoje, and Ivan Malenica. "Dynamics of thermochromic color change of pressure sensitive labels facestock made from environmentally friendly materials." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p84.

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To maintain a circular economy and better sustainability, it is important to minimize the use of synthetic polymers. Nowadays, agricultural and industrial wastes or by-products are increasingly being used as raw materials in industrial processes. It has been determined that agro-industrial wastes have a high potential of cellulose fibers, which makes them an excellent resource for paper production. Recently, potential resources from non-wood raw materials for paper production, as well as cheap raw materials, have become the interest of various researchers. Since our main focus is on the study of thermochromic inks (TC) and the influence of substrate characteristics on their dynamic color change, this paper will examine the possibilities of a commercially available offset TC ink printed on several environmental friendly pressure sensitive labels (PSL) facestock compared to commonly use in PSL production. For the purpose of this study, a commercially available TC ink with an activation temperature (TA) of 29°C was used. The effect of color change, from blue to colorless, was measured through one heating and cooling cycle at several selected temperatures at six different PSL materials. Three fiber-based facestock of PSL used in this research are produced with 15% agroindustrial byproducts, 40% post-consumer recycled paper and 45% virgin wood pulp to form a high-quality natural paper. In addition, one material made from biogenic polymers facestock and two materials commonly used in labels production were used as well. The results of this research show that TC ink printed on alternative materials has a similar trend of color change and may be a good choice. Also, the influence of the color of fiber-based paper substrates on the change of TC color was noticed, which indicates the importance of colorimetric analysis of paper and TC ink before their printing.
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