Journal articles: 'Offset Printing Inks'

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Kapović, Dominik, Mirela Rožić, Marina Vukoje, and Branka Lozo. "Ink tack stability readings of the offset thermochromic inks." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 4 (2019): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2018-0064.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the tack stability measurement readings of thermochromic offset inks. For this purpose, three reversible leuco-dye formed thermochromic inks were used to evaluate their tack. The used inks differ in their activation temperature, colour, drying mechanism, viscosity and chemical content. Thermochromic offset inks differ from conventional inks in formulation and size of colourants due to the presence of the microcapsules. Design/methodology/approach Printing inks in offset lithography must have sufficient tack so they can be transported from a reservoir onto the substrate. The ink transfer takes place through the ink splitting by inking rollers, printing plate and blanket transport. An IGT Tackoscope device was used to produce the dynamic readings of ink tack as a function of distribution and splitting time. The data can be used for prediction of the ink press stability under controlled settings, such as temperature. Findings This research explains the temperature and velocity influence on the tack stability measurement readings of thermochromic inks. It also gives an insight of the chemical compounds that dictate the tack measuring reading results. Originality/value Development of new printing inks, such as thermochromic printing inks, may affect the printing of different products. The research was conducted due to a lack of available data for the tack of thermochromic inks.

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Strižić Jakovljević, Maja, Sanja Mahović Poljaček, Sonja Jamnicki Hanzer, Davor Donevski, and Tamara Tomašegović. "Towards Expanding the Use of Paper Made from Recycled and Non-Woody Plants: Enhancing the Print Quality through the Application of Nano-Modified Offset Inks." Sustainability 16, no. 11 (2024): 4785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114785.

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This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using paper made from eco-friendly recycled and non-woody plants in graphic technology, particularly in offset printing. Instead of changing the composition or modifying the surface properties of the paper, the focus was on enhancing the print quality by modifying the printing ink. By modifying the printing inks, the quality of the prints on recycled and non-woody paper can be optimized, which in turn reduces the need for paper made from primary fibers. This approach can expand the use of alternative materials in graphic technology and design. The objective was to optimize the print quality on these sustainable materials. Five types of uncoated paper were used, with high-quality uncoated offset paper based on virgin fibers serving as a reference. Laboratory tests of the basic and surface properties were carried out to measure the paper quality parameters that are important for offset printing. The influence of the paper composition on its optical and colorimetric properties was also investigated. The interaction between the selected papers and offset inks was examined through measurements of adhesion parameters and ink transfer, i.e., the paper’s ability to accept the ink. To enhance the applicability of the investigated papers as printing substrates in the graphic industry, SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles were added to the offset inks. The influence of the paper composition on the colorimetric properties of the prints was also investigated. The print uniformity, as an important quality characteristic, was determined by measuring the mottling index. The research findings indicate that incorporating SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles into offset inks can enhance the interaction between the paper and ink, leading to improved print quality. This study provides new perspectives on the possibilities of using recycled and non-woody plant paper in offset printing without significantly compromising the quality of the print.

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Jiang, Wen Yan, and Zhi Hong Wang. "Research on the Method of Determining the Optimum Parameters for Offset Ink." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.255.

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By experimental method, the optimum parameters for offset ink were investigated under standard printing conditions. Firstly, the relationship between solid ink density and print contrast was established, and the optimum values of solid ink densities and print contrasts were calculated. Then, perfect tone reproduction was achieved by dot gain compensation, in which the calibration curves were obtained by the target curves and the initial tone value increase(TVI) curves based on optimum SIDs. The results showed that this method of determining the optimum parameters for offset inks were practicable and reliable, it can be used to research the printability of inks and papers, optimize printing process, improve printing quality, and provide method of standardization of process control for printing institutions.

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Deng, Zhichao, Jin Wang, Zhixiong Hu, et al. "Complex Refractive Index Dispersion of Strong Absorbing Material Determined Using Internal Reflectance Spectra Measurement." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 9 (2018): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818781589.

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Complex refractive index dispersion (CRID) of offset inks is an important spectral property that affects the quality of printing. Due to the strong absorption of offset inks, great difficulty exists when measuring their CRID. In this study, a recently proposed apparatus that can detect the internal reflectance spectra was used to measure the CRID of three strong absorbing offset inks (magenta, yellow, and cyan). Both anomalous dispersion curve and extinction coefficient curve were well determined over the spectral range of 400–750 nm. This study experimentally proves that the apparatus and related method are feasible for the CRID measurement of strong absorbing materials and could serve as a powerful measuring tool for optical parameters.

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Sagu, Jagdeep S., Nicola York, Darren Southee, and K. G. U. Wijayantha. "Printed electrodes for flexible, light-weight solid-state supercapacitors – a feasibility study." Circuit World 41, no. 2 (2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-01-2015-0004.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the feasibility of the manufacture of printed rechargeable power sources incorporating, in the first instance, electrode structures from the previous study, and moving on to improved electrode structures fabricated, via flexographic printing, using commercially available inks. It has been shown previously that offset lithography, a common printing technique, can be used to make electrodes for energy storage devices such as primary cells. Design/methodology/approach – A pair of the original Ag/C electrodes, printed via offset lithography, were sandwiched together with a PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and then sealed. The resultant structures were characterised using electrochemical techniques and the performance as supercapacitors assessed. Following these studies, electrode structures of the same dimensions, consisting of two layers, a silver-based current collector covered with a high surface area carbon layer, were printed flexographically, using inks, on a melinex substrate. The characterisation and assessment of these structures, as supercapacitors, was determined. Findings – It was found that the supercapacitors constructed using the offset lithographic electrodes exhibited a capacitance of 0.72 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 3.96 Ω. The structures fabricated via flexography exhibited a capacitance of 4 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 1.25 Ω The supercapacitor structures were subjected to bending and rolling tests to determine device performance under deformation and stress. It was found that supercapacitor performance was not significantly reduced by bending or rolling. Originality/value – This paper provides insight into the use of printed silver/carbon electrodes within supercapacitor structures and compares the performance of devices fabricated using inks for offset lithographic printing presses and those made using commercially available inks for flexographic printing. The potential viability of such structures for low-end and cheap energy storage devices is demonstrated.

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Pudas, Marko, Juha Hagberg, and Seppo Leppävuori. "Gravure offset printing of polymer inks for conductors." Progress in Organic Coatings 49, no. 4 (2004): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.09.013.

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Aydemir, Cem, Semiha Yenidoğan, Arif Karademir, and Emine Arman Kandirmaz. "The examination of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks’ effects on print quality: Green printing effects with different oils." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 3 (2018): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800018764761.

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Introduction: Printing inks oil selection is related to the desired nature of the varnish in the ink production. Petroleum-derived mineral oils and vegetable oils can be used in offset inks. Methods: In this study, the behaviors of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks on uncoated and coated paper surfaces were investigated in terms of printability. Solid tone test prints were done with offset printing of these inks. Print gloss of the printed samples was measured and a light fastness test was implemented on these samples in order to determine the resistance to fading. Absorption behavior and contact angles of the ink-printed films on the test papers were measured with the sessile water drop method depending on time, and surface energies were calculated. Results: On both paper types, linseed–soybean oil-based vegetable ink gave the highest brightness value. The lowest print gloss results on the paper were obtained from soybean oil-based inks. The lowest color change was recorded with mineral oil-based inks on gloss-coated papers. According to the ink-film–surface relation, when the contact angle is high, surface energy decreases and the absorbency of the ink-film is lower. Conclusions: In this study, the behaviors of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks on different paper surfaces, and the effect on the quality of printability as well as differences, have been evaluated, taking environmental and health factors into consideration.

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Aydemir, Cem, and Samed Ayhan Özsoy. "Environmental impact of printing inks and printing process." Journal of graphic engineering and design 11, no. 2 (2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2020-2-011.

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In the Printing Industry, printing inks, varnishes, lacquers, moistening solutions and washing solvents (ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, n-propanol, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, dimethyl ketone, glycols and glycol ethers) contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and air pollutants (HAPs). Especially solvent based inks used for flexo, gravure and screen printing, offset printing dampening solutions and cleaning solvents contain high concentration of VOC. These organic compounds evaporate during the production process or contribute to the photochemical reaction. VOCs and HAPs, together with sunlight and nitrogen oxides, cause photochemical smoke, air particles and ground level ozone emission in the atmosphere. The VOCs and heavy metals can lead to soil and even water pollution when left in landfill. The amount of solvent retained by flexo, gravure and screen-printed products is 3-4% of total ink solvent used. The solvent in the printed ink content, except for the one held by the printed material evaporates in its own environment after the printing process. Most of these solvents and organic compounds used in printing environment contain at least one carbon and hydrogen atom and have negative effects on health and environment.In this study, the environmental impacts and risks of inks and solvents used in the printing industry have been evaluated. Measures to be taken to reduce and manage these environmental effects and risks have been addressed and recommendations have been made.

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Sayeda S Ali, Sayeda S. Ali, Mohammad Hegazy Mohammad Hegazy, and Yasser K. Abdel Monem and Ahmed S. Abou Elyazed Yasser K Abdel Monem and Ahmed S Abou Elyazed. "The Influence of Synthesized TiO2-Nanoparticles on the Performance of Inks Utilized in Printing Documents." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 45, no. 5 (2023): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/001331/jcsp/45.05.2023.

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Titanium dioxide is also called titania and occurs in nature in anatase and rutile forms. It is widely used as a white pigment, catalyst support, and photocatalyst. Nano-TiO2 pigments in pure crystallographic anatase phases have been successfully synthesized via sol-gel method. Nano-TiO2 material has been characterized by various techniques such as XRD, TEM, and XPS. The prepared nano-TiO2 was mixed with two different offset inks (falcon and jobbing) to upgrade the physical and optical properties of the offset inks and compared with Degussa TiO2 before and after the application was tracking and measured. Generally, requiring a small amount of modification is better to avoid any ink malfunction, nano ink requires 0.1 % is because of the photoactive anatase structure of TiO2, while Degussa requires 1 % because it has a 15% rutile structure, which considered a photoinactive phase structure of TiO2.

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Jakopčević, Zrinka, Katarina Itrić Ivanda, Rahela Kulčar, Suzana Pasanec Preprotić, and Marina Vukoje. "Enhancing Applicability of Reversible UV Thermochromic Offset Inks: Edge Quality Parameters and Thermochromic Printing System Modulation Transfer Function." Materials 16, no. 8 (2023): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083125.

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Modern logo design is characterized by its ability to convey information through the use of various images and text compositions. These designs often use simple elements such as lines to capture the essence of a product. When using thermochromic inks in logo design, it is important to consider their composition and behavior, as they differ significantly from conventional printing inks. This study aimed to determine the resolution capabilities of the dry offset printing technique when using thermochromic ink, with the ultimate goal of optimizing the thermochromic ink printing process. Horizontal and vertical lines were printed using both thermochromic and conventional inks to compare the edge reproduction characteristics of the two ink types. Moreover, the impact of the type of applied ink on the share of mechanical dot gain of the print was investigated. Additionally, modulation transfer function (MTF) reproduction curves were generated for each print. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to investigate the surface of the substrate and prints. It was found that the quality of the printed edge produced by thermochromic inks can rival that of conventional inks. Thermochromic edges showed lower raggedness and blurriness values for horizontal lines, whereas line orientation proved to be insignificant in the case of vertical lines. MTF reproduction curves confirmed higher spatial resolution for vertical lines in the case of conventional inks, whereas they were identical for horizontal lines. The share of mechanical dot gain is not highly influenced by the ink type. SEM micrographs confirmed that the conventional ink smooths out the micro-roughness of the substrate. However, on the surface, the microcapsules of thermochromic ink (measuring 0.5–2 µm) are observable.

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Huo, Li Xia, Shi Yong Luo, Yong Hao, Wen Cai Xu, and Zai Zhu Ma. "A New Black Water Based Ink Prepared by Chinese Traditional Materials for Screen Printing Ancient Books." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.69.

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Ink is one of “the four treasures in the study”. Inks prepared by the traditional materials is usually in the form of Chinese ink and ink stick, which are unsuitable for the modern printing technology such as screen printing, offset print, gravure or flexo printing. On the other hand, modern commodity printing inks most prepared by modern chemical pigments and chemical reagents, which would emit a certain amount of pollutants. Reproduction of Chinese ancient books, if printed by using modern commodity printing inks, would lost their lasting ancient charm such as antique, quaint, hoary, vintage, archaic, etc. In the present research, a new black water based ink is prepared by Chinese traditional materials such as, Chinese wood oil soot, bone glue, borneol, musk, pepper, etc. not including any modern chemical reagents which could cause pollution of the environment. The viscosity, fineness and rheology property of the ink were characterized. As an application example, the ink is used to duplicate the Tripitaka book sample by screen printing on Xuan papers. The original is the Tripitaka printed in the Ming Dynasty and from the temple of Wutaishan, Shanxi Province, China. The Reproduce is lasting ancient charm and durable.

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Sezonov, Viktor, and Krystyna Dikevych. "COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF INKS, PAINTS AND DYES AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF DOCUMENT PROTECTION AGAINST COUNTERFEITING." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.38.

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This article analyzes the component composition of inks, paints and dyes, and also gives a general description of one or another type of ink or dye and a classification of some of them. The historical aspect of the manufacture of inks and their components is highlighted. Writing ink was first made in ancient Egypt and China around 2500 BC. The features of paints depending on the type of printing (high, gravure, flat offset, screen) are studied and examples of their application are given. Flat offset inks used in newspapers are usually simple in composition. As for letterpress, although this type is gradually being replaced by other printing processes, it is still used in the production of money, most paper-based forms in printing serial numbers, etc. Gravure inks are similar to flexographic inks, except that ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons can be used as solvents, allowing much greater freedom in the choice of binders. This type of ink for inkjet printing, such as solvent ink, is considered in detail. Solvent ink is a complex physical and chemical system for inkjet printing, consisting of pigment, polymer, film former, solvent and special additives. The structural composition of solvents is characterized, which, getting on paper, undergoes a number of changes over a fixed period of time, as a result of which the dye dries on paper. Ethanol, benzyl alcohol and many other solvents can also be used as carriers. The choice of solvent or solvents often depends on the properties of the writing instrument. The so-called «invisible» ink (UV ink, thermosetting ink, etc.) was studied separately as a kind of protective element. This type of ink is mainly used in steganography, anti-counterfeiting and currency security features, packaging authenticity indicators, brand protection, and secret messages. Conclusions are drawn, emphasizing that understanding the principle of operation of one or another element of protection allows forensic experts of forensic technical examination of documents to effectively identify forgery.

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Yang, Yong Gang. "Research on the Tack Value of Offset Printing Ink." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1401.

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In order to find out the variation law of ink stickiness during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. At the same time, the plastic viscosities of 8 offset inks and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). Also, the printing ink having high viscosity may possess low tack value.

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Sajek, Daiva, and Svitlana Havenko. "Quality assessment of offset thermosensitive printing plates." Journal of graphic engineering and design 13, no. 2 (2022): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2022-2-029.

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This article discusses the technological possibilities of assessing the quality of offset thermosensitive printing plates by studying the influence of the structural and physical properties of their construction layers, as well as the parameters of digital computer-to-plate recording on the quality of formation and reproduction of image elements. The article presents an original conceptual model for determining the integral quality indicators of printing plates, taking into account their structural and physical properties, a set of modern methods for evaluating the quality of offset printing forms is presented, such as evaluating the surface morphology of polymer registering layers and a substrate – a basis of the printing form; assessment of the adhesion of polymer layers of offset printing plates to the substrate surface, taking into account the influence of image recording parameters; investigation of the influence of the chemical state of the registering layers of offset plates on the adhesion of printing elements to inks; assessment of the influence of the processes of thermal action of laser radiation and the temperature gradient on the surface structure of the polymer layer of a thermosensitive plate and the accuracy of the formation of the quality of discrete image elements on printing plates. These researches are aimed at determining the relationship between the structural and physicochemical properties of offset thermosensitive plates and integral indicators of the reproduction quality of raster and line image elements in a digital recording system.

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Cordeiro, N., A. Blayo, N. M. Belgacem, A. Gandini, C. Pascoal Neto, and J. F. LeNest. "Cork suberin as an additive in offset lithographic printing inks." Industrial Crops and Products 11, no. 1 (2000): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6690(99)00037-0.

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GIGAC, JURAJ, MIROSLAVA KASAJOVÁ, and MONIKA STANKOVSKÁ. "The influence of paper surface energy on multicolor offset print mottling." February 2014 13, no. 2 (2014): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.2.55.

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An evaluation of a series of commercial uncoated, semimatte, and glossy coated woodfree papers for the multicolor sheet-fed offset press is presented. This study is aimed at better understanding of mutual influences of surface free energy, paper surface roughness, and fountain solution on print mottling occurring in full-scale printing conditions. Each paper has unique structure in terms of surface roughness, porosity, and surface energy that are the result of manufacturing technology. At the point of contact of liquid with paper, the surface dynamic process of liquid absorption by paper occurs, involving phenomena such as wetting, penetration, diffusion, and swelling. Mottling of colored surface printed by cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks copied the surface roughness of coated paper. Mottling in the second, third, and fourth printing units showed deviation from mottling in the first printing unit, depending on surface free energy of paper and on the frequency of paper-surface wetting by fountain solution before and after printing.

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Malenica, Ivan, Marina Golik Krizmanić, Marina Vukoje, Rahela Kulčar, and Katarina Itrić Ivanda. "Stability Aspects of UV-Curable Prints on Pressure-Sensitive Labels Facestock Made from Agro-Industrial By-Products." Macromol 3, no. 4 (2023): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol3040039.

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During its life cycle, packaging comes into contact with various substances and even those it protects. Thus, for example, oil, water, and alcohol, if spilled on the packaging, can damage its functionality. In addition to exposure to chemicals, graphic products (packaging) can be exposed to moisture and UV radiation, which can negatively affect their stability during transport, storage, and handling. The choice of printing substrate can directly affect the stability of prints against different degrading influences. This paper explores the stability of thermochromic (TC) and conventional offset printing inks printed on environmentally friendly printing substrates intended for packaging applications (labelling). Results have confirmed that used printing substrates and printing inks give prints good rub resistance, but somewhat lower stability in terms of ethanol, water, and UV radiation. The choice of printing substrate can directly affect the stability of prints against different degrading influences. The resistance of prints to oil cannot be clearly defined since the samples were altered with the coloration of the oil. It can only be stated that oil reduced the functionality of the TC prints given that the samples were colored by the oil itself.

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Jia, Xiao Xue, Bei Qing Huang, and Xian Fu Wei. "Study on the Influence of Rheological Properties on the Printing Quality of Ink." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 2018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.2018.

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Design the formula of UV waterless offset ink, through changing the content of padding, different ink samples that with different rheological properties were made. Proof with the IGT printability tester, and the printing qualities of inks were tested. The influence of rheological properties on the printing quality of ink was analysis. The results show that the rheological properties influence the printing quality directly. The higher the viscosity of ink is, the bigger the thixotropy is, and the smaller the fluidity is. The solid density, gloss, ink-transfer rates and dot gain of the printed matter decrease with the increase of ink’s yield value.

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Ding, Ying Kun, Yan Fang Xu, Lu Hai Li, and Wen Bo Li. "Study on the Applied Performance of Color Inks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.100.

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In order that a better analysis and evaluation of the color performance of developed color inks according to the printing requirements could be obtained, every ink will get abundant levels of ink supply amount made by double-channel control method. The max density obtained by the above method represents the color strength of inks. Then Color Management System is applied to building color gamut of matching process inks, and the color gamut represents the replicable color scope in practice. First, color strength of inks was identified by the following methods. Every ink was put respectively in two ink channels of the color printer and the total values of these two channels were applied to controlling the output, obtaining the wedge diagram of the multilevel output of ink supply amount. In the diagram, the max ink supply amount was large enough and the max density could represent the color strength. Because every ink needs a suitable range of the max density and needs to match the others well in practice. Referring to the standard of offset printing, a suitable density value for a certain ink was chose as its max ink supply amount. Second, within the range of the max ink supply amount, the data set of color patch in the characterization software of Color Management System was used to control ink supply amounts. The color patch was overprinted in the color sequences of Y, M, C and K, and ICC Profile was made according to the making process of standard Profile. Color gamut of the inks could be obtained from the Profile by using self-developed computing equipment and be compared with standard printing process. The result shows that the method used in the experiments is feasible and effective. In addition, the inks in the experiments have a large enough color strength and a color gamut satisfying the practical requirements of the color performance of inks in the printing industry.

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Vukoje, Marina, Ivana Bolanča Mirković, and Zdenka Bolanča. "Influence of Printing Technique and Printing Conditions on Prints Recycling Efficiency and Effluents Quality." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010335.

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The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the conventional offset printing technique and digital electrophotography printing with liquid toner (LEP) on some optical properties of recycled fibres. A series of LEP prints was made with the variation of the negative voltage of the developing drum (−200 V, −280 V, −350 V, and −430 V) after calibration of the machine and achieving standard densitometry values. Besides deinkability aspects, the quality of wastewater effluents after process of prints recycling was observed in order to make a conclusion regarding how different printing techniques, conditions in printing process, and different types of inks can affect the wastewater effluents. Results of image analysis showed that by increasing the negative voltage of developing drum in LEP printing technique, the formation of large ink particles on handsheet from recycled pulp increases. Depending on the size of the negative voltage of the developing drum, under the same experimental conditions, handsheets made from LEP recycled fibres have lower whiteness gain, brightness gain, and ΔERIC of handsheets compared to those made from the offset prints. In addition, a certain correlation was found between IEERIC (ink elimination), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) of wastewater effluents after recycling of LEP prints and offset prints as well. Organic water pollution parameters (COD and TOC) showed higher values in wastewater after recycling of offset prints compared to recycling of LEP prints.

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Alves, Ericka Figueiredo, Rubens Chaves de Oliveira, Luis Henrique Mendes da Silva, and Jorge Luiz Colodette. "Thermal and spectroscopic analyses on the molecular interaction between eucalyptus kraft pulp components and offset printing inks." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 3 (2009): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000300021.

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Thermal and infrared spectroscopic analyzes were carried out in order to study the kind of interaction between the anatomical components of the bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp with offset inks. A Bauer-McNett fiber classifier was used in order to obtain the anatomical components of the pulp, separately. The determinations of the enthalpy of the processes occurring in the samples of inks and pulp, as well as the enthalpy of these components interactions were obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. In the interaction between pulp and offset ink, the reduced enthalpy values of the endothermic peak were interpreted as due to the released energy for adhesion of the ink pigment to the substratum. The low enthalpy value, 58 to 121 cal.g -, ¹indicated that the settling of the ink occurs by physical interactions. The pulp fraction enriched with vessel elements caused a higher energy release during the adherence of the pigment into the pulp.

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Slobodyanyk, V. G., O. V. Krykhovets, and Yu F. Petiak. "Researching of the physical and chemical properties of offset printing inks." Printing and Publishing 1, no. 81 (2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32403/0554-4866-2021-1-81-45-50.

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Richter, Tina, Thomas Gude, and Thomas Simat. "Migration of novel offset printing inks from cardboard packaging into food." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 26, no. 12 (2009): 1574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440040903241952.

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Dendge, Ramesh R. "Print Quality Evaluation in Paperboard Printing Induced by Changes in Viscosity and Screen Parameters." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 15, no. 01 (2023): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v15i01.18.

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Newer offset printing technologies demand improved rheological properties of inks ensuring predictable printability and runnability. The printing performance of printing technology is a function of raw materials, namely ink and substrate. Interaction between ink and surface of substrate influence densitometric quantities of printed layer. The consistent performance of ink is a function of its rheological properties mainly viscosity. Substrate surface properties such as smoothness, whiteness and color are critical for printability. This paper attempts to analyse variance in percent tone value on print on paperboard by conducting experiments involving three levels each of dot shape and screen ruling. Experiments also yielded a relationship between viscosity and percent tone value increase.

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Svitlana, Khadzhynova, and Havenko Svitlana. "DEVISING A PROCEDURE FOR EXAMINING THE QUALITY OF PRINTS OF DIGITAL AND OFFSET PRINTING ON CORRUGATED CARDBOARD." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 1 (107) (2020): 81–89. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.212075.

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The rapid development of digital printing and the popularity of corrugated packaging production encourages manufacturers to improve product quality. Therefore, research into the quality of digital prints, using modern procedures for determining the qualimetric indicators, is important for both consumers and manufacturers. We have studied the prints made by the inkjet printing machine Durst Rho 1312. The printing involved the inks CMYK+Light Cyan+Light Magenta (Austria)+Light Cyan+Light Magenta. The prints were obtained directly on five-layer corrugated cardboard using the post-print technology. In addition, the printing was performed on a liner, followed by its pinning to fluting (the preprint technology). The paper describes a procedure for determining the qualimetric prints’ indicators, in particular, optical density, the increase in the tonality of the raster image, color reproduction, resolution, print stability on prints, and in the printing process, and lightfastness. The imprints’ quality was evaluated in accordance with the requirements set by the standard ISO/TS15311-2:2018. The quality of digital and offset prints has been compared. It has been established that the digital post-print technology on the five-layer corrugated cardboard BE and the pre-print technology on the cardboard GD180 ensure the same print quality parameters. This includes such a quality indicator as the reproduction of raster image tones, optical density, color difference, printing stability. The print resolution of the imprints has slight deviations. It was found that the color transfer of offset prints is higher (by 10 %) than that of the digital prints based on the pre-print technology. Offset printing also provides higher resolution (by 93 lines/cm) than digital printing. However, in terms of print stability and color difference, the inkjet prints are inferior to the offset technology. Digital prints have good lightfastness (10‒20 times better than offset samples)

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Xie, Sujin, Guolin Tong, and Yungchang F. Chin. "The effect of offset printing ink on laser toner ink agglomeration under neutral pulping conditions." BioResources 7, no. 3 (2012): 2835–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.3.2835-2847.

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1-octadecanol is known to be a highly effective agglomerating agent for laser toner ink. However, the office waste paper used in the actual production often contains various types of inks. The effect of the offset ink and types of surfactants with different charge characteristics were studied relative to the agglomeration of the laser toner ink under neutral pulping conditions. It was found that the addition of a small amount of the offset ink printed waste paper was beneficial for the agglomeration of the laser toner ink. The optimal percentage of addition is 12.5% to 25%. The offset printed ink had a positive charge of 0.001±0.0005 mEq/g when the offset ink was treated by 70˚C water at neutral conditions. Addition of a proper amount of cationic surfactant was beneficial to improve the agglomeration at any ratio of the mixed laser printed and offset waste papers. When the percentage of offset waste paper was less than 50%, the addition of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant was harmful for agglomeration, and there was no significant effect at higher offset content.

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Yang, Yong Gang. "Study on the Relationships between Plastic Viscosity and Tack Value of Offset Printing Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.814.

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In order to find out the variation law of ink stickiness during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. At the same time, the plastic viscosities of 8 offset inks and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). Also, the printing ink having high viscosity may possess low tack value.

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Pudas *, M., J. Hagberg, and S. Leppävuori. "Roller-type gravure offset printing of conductive inks for high-resolution printing on ceramic substrates." International Journal of Electronics 92, no. 5 (2005): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210500102930.

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Şimşeker, Osman. "Offset printing results analysis of different based inks in cardboard packaging production." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 23, no. 2 (2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2021-0022.

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Abstract The main raw material of paper and cardboard used in packaging is cellulose. Cardboard packages made of cardboard, which can be produced in much different quality and weight, are obtained in numerous shapes and appearances 1, 2 . Paper and cardboard packaging are among the most economical packaging types. Using less raw materials, more durable but thin, light, economical cardboard is produced 2, 3 . In this study, under equal printing conditions, test prints were made on cardboard substrates (for cardboard packaging) with mineral oil based, vegetable oil (soy oil) based and UV cured inks used for the printing of the same images. After these prints, the properties of mineral oil, vegetable oil and UV ink; the effect on the print results was measured from different ways (Chroma*, Print density, unprinted surface Gloss 75°, Print Gloss 60°). At the same time, the visual differences between the print results were determined by the optical imaging (SEM) method and were examined by the elemental analysis method.

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Vukoje, Marina, Rahela Kulčar, Katarina Itrić Ivanda, Josip Bota, and Tomislav Cigula. "Improvement in Thermochromic Offset Print UV Stability by Applying PCL Nanocomposite Coatings." Polymers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071484.

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Thermochromic (TC) printing inks change their colouration as a response to a change in temperature. This ability renders them attractive for various applications such as smart packaging, security printing, and marketing, but their application is limited due to their low UV stability, i.e., loss of their thermochromic effect when exposed to UV radiation. In order to improve the UV stability of TC prints, one offset TC printing ink was printed and coated with nanomodified polycaprolactone (PCL) coating. The coating was prepared with the incorporation of 1%, 2%, and 3% mass ratios of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in the PCL matrix. The prepared nanocomposite coatings were applied onto the TC print and exposed to UV radiation; afterwards, they were characterized by the colour properties of prints, SEM microscopy, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. SEM microscopy, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy showed higher rates of polymer degradation, and the results of colour stability indicated that 3% TiO2 in PCL matrix gave the best UV stability and protection of TC prints.

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FERNANDEZ, ERIC O., and KEVIN T. HODGSON. "Deinking flexographic-printed papers: Destabilization of flexographic ink dispersions with copper compounds." November 2013 12, no. 11 (2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.11.29.

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Flexographic printing inks form electrosterically stabilized colloidal dispersions in water that display extreme stability at the alkaline pH values of most wastepaper deinking systems. A significant amount of U.S. newspapers are now printed using water-based flexographic inks, and the residual inks from these sources are problematic to remove in deinking plants. A successful flocculant for flexographic ink particles used in deinking plant filtrate streams requires that both the electrostatic and steric components of colloidal stabilization be eliminated simultaneously. The present study shows the advantageous characteristics of cupric chloride in achieving rapid flocculation of flexographic inks. Flocculation experiments were performed with a model ink as well as a mixture of offset and flexographic inks from recycled newspapers. The critical coagulation concentration of cupric chloride has been compared to other chloride, nitrate, and copper salts. Copper(II) chloride has been found to be significantly more effective than other such salts in achieving destabilization and aggregation of flexographic ink particles. A possible flocculation mechanism of flexographic ink particles by cupric chloride is presented.

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Yang, Yong Gang, and Fu Ping Liu. "Study on the Relationships between Offset Ink Tack Value and its Viscosity, the Separation Velocity." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1704.

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In order to find out the variation law of ink stickiness during the printing, the ink tack value under 9 different linear velocities of ink distributing roller was tested, and the relation equations between tack value and the roller linear velocity were built up. At the same time, the plastic viscosities of 8 offset inks and their tack values under 9 separation velocities were also tested. The study results showed that the higher the linear speed was, the larger the tack value was, and it would stay in a relatively high tack value (regarded as infinite tack value). Also, the printing ink having high viscosity may possess low tack value.

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Krykhovets, O. V., V. G. Slobodyanyk, and A. M. Shybanova. "Research of rheological properties of newspaper black inks for offset printing method." Scientific Papers (Ukrainian Academy of Printing) 1, no. 62 (2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32403/1998-6912-2021-1-62-80-86.

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Thorman, Sofia, Göran Ström, and Patrick A. C. Gane. "Impact of non-uniform water absorption on water-interference print mottle in offset printing." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33, no. 1 (2018): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-3011.

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Abstract Print mottle is a serious and yet common print defect in offset printing. An imbalance between the feed of fountain solution and the ability of the paper substrate to absorb and transport this water away from the surface can cause moisture/water interference problems. In the study presented here, we have investigated the uniformity of aqueous absorption and coating structure of pilot-coated papers with different types and dosages of dispersants and linked this to print mottle and uncovered areas (UCA). In earlier studies, the print quality of these papers indicated that a moderate addition of excess dispersant caused ink refusal, ink-lift-off (ink-surface adhesion failure) and water-interference mottle when printing at elevated fountain feed. In the present study, we have shown that a majority of the samples with uneven water/moisture absorption and an uneven burn-out reflectance tended to have more severe printing problems related to surface-moisture/water.An aqueous staining technique was used to characterise the absorption non-uniformities. This method has been developed previously with focus on absorption of flexographic water-based inks but can clearly give relevant information also for offset printing, when it comes to moisture/water interference mottle.

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JOSEPH, D., S. D. MAIND, A. SAXENA, and R. K. CHOUDHURY. "CHARACTERIZATION OF OFFSET PRINTING INK TAGGED WITH RARE-EARTH TAGGANTS BY X-RAY EMISSION TECHNIQUES." International Journal of PIXE 17, no. 03n04 (2007): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083507001241.

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Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) techniques have been used for elemental characterization of offset printing ink tagged with rare-earth taggants. The offset printing ink was tagged with rare-earth ( La , Pr , Nd , Sm , Eu and Gd ) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate chelates at about 1000-ppm level for each element separately. Small aliquots (approximately 20 mg) of tagged inks were coated on paper supports in the form of small circles having diameter 10–15 mm each and then analyzed. In the case of PIXE, a proton beam of energy 4 MeV and in the case of EDXRF a radioisotope source of 241 Am (100 mCi ) was used to excite the samples. The PIXE analysis showed well-resolved rare-earth L X-rays and EDXRF analysis showed the K X-rays of rare earths. Satisfactory results to identify and quantify the taggants were achieved.

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Jin, Jiao, Huihui Ren, and Zhaoyue Liu. "Large-Area Patterning of Oil-Based Inks on Superhydrophobic TiO2 Nanotubular Layers by Photocatalytic Wettability Conversion." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (2020): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101203.

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Patterning an oil-based ink on a solid surface based on a wettability difference is of significant importance for the application of offset printing. Herein, we describe a large-area patterning of oil-based ink on a self-organized TiO2 nanotubular layer based on a photocatalytic wettability conversion. The TiO2 nanotubular layer was fabricated by electrochemical anodization, which demonstrated a superhydrophobic wettability after modification with a self-assembled molecular layer. Subsequently, area-selective ultraviolet (UV) irradiation through a pre-designed pattern of water-based UV-resistant ink formed by an ink-jet technique was used to form a wettability difference. After removing the water-based ink, an oil-based ink was capable of depositing selectively on the superhydrophobic area to form the same pattern as the pre-designed pattern of water-based ink. This large-area patterning of an oil-based ink based on the photocatalytic wettability conversion is potentially applicable in offset printing.

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Mr., Ramesh Kumar*1 Mr. Bijender2 &. Mr. Sandeep Boora3. "A SURVEY OF ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNIQUES COMING FORTH IN SHEET-FED OFFSET PRESSES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 6 (2017): 388–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.814508.

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Objective of this research paper is to put emphasis on various eco-friendly techniques existing today in sheet fed offset printing organizations and their futuristic aspects. Reducing pollution, decreasing carbon footprints and lowering volatile organic compounds have become essential today for various offset printing organizations for sustainable developments. To get aware of eco-friendly techniques coming forth, a survey of 15 printing organizations was conducted in Delhi NCR and BADDI (Himachal Pradesh) region. The data was collected with the help of questionnaire consisting of 8 questions. The result indicated that alcohol free dampening, IPA (Isopropyl alcohol) free printing, ETP (Effective and technically proven) and STP(Sewage water treatment) systems and Heidelberg carbon neutral machine are futuristic eco-friendly techniques, which can play significant role in coming time..

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Dorosh, A. K., and A. V. Shevchuk. "The elastics – viscosity propertis of printing role offset inks according to relacxation rheometry." Physics of aerodisperse systems, no. 59 (November 8, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/0367-1631.2021.59.227106.

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Dire relacxation rheometry methods carried out quantitative measurements and established quvalitative patterns of the dependencies of the main elastic-viscous characteristics for the Cybo black ink system in the temperature range of ( 293-333)°K of its technological resistence, namely : the equilibrium elastic modulus and the angle loss modulus and loss angle tangent; complex viscosity and full reological flow curves of the first shear rate and second (viscosity) of the species; degree of destraction of elastic and viscous properties depending on the value: shear stress; shear strain rate ; relative or absolute deformation on the sample and its temperature.

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Has, Michael. "Charakterisierung der Farbzügigkeit von Offsetdruckfarben / Characterization of the adhesion of offset printing inks." Applied Rheology 6, no. 5 (1996): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arh-1996-060509.

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Pudas, M., J. Hagberg, S. Leppavuori, K. Elsey, and A. Logan. "Methods for the evaluation of fine-line offset gravure printing inks for ceramics." Coloration Technology 120, no. 3 (2004): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2004.tb00217.x.

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Robert, Tobias, Steven Eschig, Toine Biemans, and Frank Scheifler. "Bio-based polyester itaconates as binder resins for UV-curing offset printing inks." Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 16, no. 3 (2018): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-018-0146-4.

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Dorosh, A. K., A. V. Shevchuk, and O. A. Hutsol. "Modelling of the rheological curve and printing ink flow mechanism in rotary viscometer measuring cell clearance." Physics of Aerodisperse Systems, no. 53 (June 15, 2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/0367-1631.2016.53.159354.

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The complete rheological curves of basic role printing offset inks in the temperature range 20÷60°C have been obtained. The flow models and analytical formulas are analyzed and tested tocalculate of value of the most important macro- and microrheological parameters; identified the boundaries of appearance and extinction of wall effects, the phenomenon of ink separation (generation of axial "pigment streamer"), the formation (and the reformation) of the structure of liquid layers of material in the clearance of the measuring cell of the rotary viscometer.

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DAHLVIK, PETER, GUILLERMO BLUVOL, KARL-HEINZ KAGERER, MANFRED ARNOLD, and DAN VARNEY. "Influence of topcoat pigment particle size distribution on tail-edge pick resistance in sheet-fed offset printing." June 2012 11, no. 6 (2012): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.6.51.

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This paper describes ground calcium carbonate pigment particle size distribution and its influence on the tail-edge picking of pilot-coated paper as determined in full-scale sheet-fed offset printing. A tailor-made method was developed using a modified printing plate and high-tack inks to assess surface strength in terms of edge picking. In addition to the type, fineness, and particle size distribution of the ground calcium carbonate pigment, we also evaluated the solids content of the coating color, binder level, clay usage, and calendering. The printing test method provided differentiation relative to the investigated parameters, and it was possible to correlate these results with laboratory test data on ink-coating interaction and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Maximizing the solids content of the formulation to some extent compensated for the loss of pick resistance that followed binder reduction. Other laboratory tests showed poor correlation with the observed degree of edge picking.

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Mirković, Ivana Bolanča, Goran Medek, Zdenka Bolanča, and Milena Reháková. "Environmentally Sustainable Offset Prints Exposed to Thermal Aging and NO2." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (2024): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041681.

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The research aims to find out the crucial factors in the design phase of packaging products, which are related to the determination of environmental influences on sustainable materials. The paper presents the results of research into the influence of environmentally friendly cardboard and the separation of yellow offset ink on the optical properties of prints exposed to thermal aging without and with exposure to NO2. The samples were obtained under real conditions on a Roland 705 printing machine. The colorimetric characteristics of the print and its stability were determined in the research. The research is significant for graphic reproduction in the domain of testing the quality of the print itself, which is defined by certain raster characteristics. The research covers prints in 100%, 70% RTV, 50% RTV, and 30% RTV. The intensity of the tonal experience will depend on the interaction of the substrate with the raster and different types of inks in offset printing as a function of the experimental conditions. The ink characteristics of prints ∆L*, ∆a*, ∆b*, and ∆E were determined. The research results show that ink I1, with about 80% renewable raw materials, achieves the best stability under the specified experimental conditions.

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Kikkawa, Taichi, Daisuke Kumaki, Shizuo Tokito, Nobuko Fukuda, and Yasuyuki Kusaka. "Nickel oxide-based flexible thin-film NTC thermistors by using reverse offset printing." Flexible and Printed Electronics 7, no. 1 (2022): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac489f.

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Abstract In recent years, the use of printing methods to fabricate electronic devices (printed electronics) has attracted attention because of their low cost and low environmental impact. Printing technology enables the high-throughput fabrication of electrical circuits on film substrates, thereby providing inexpensive personal healthcare devices to monitor health status in real-time, for example. Temperature detection is one of the central concerns as a fundamental physical quantity in various fields. In 2013, a highly sensitive flexible thermistor was reported by formulating aqueous inks of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles for inkjet printing. However, it required a high-temperature calcination process of more than 200 °C, which led to the use of expensive polyimide films with high heat resistance. It is necessary to promote further the development of low-temperature processes for printed thermistors to realize flexible negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors at low cost using printed electronics technology. Moreover, in screen printing and inkjet printing, the definition of the ink pattern applied on the substrate changes due to spreading and coffee distortion phenomena, and the thickness between sensors becomes non-uniform, which is a structural consistency problem that can lead to variations in sensing performance. Therefore, in this study we developed low-temperature processable printed NTC thermistors with a temperature-sensitive layer of NiO by using reverse offset printing. The NTC thermistors were fabricated by printing a comb-like pattern of silver nanoparticles and a thin NiO film. In addition, the low-temperature formation of a NiO layer by oxygen plasma treatment was investigated, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to carry out compositional analysis of the surface. Together with the plasma-assisted calcination, a flexible NTC thermistor formed on polyethylene terephthalate film is demonstrated.

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Kim, Chung Hwan, Ha-Il You, and Seung-Hyun Lee. "Register control of roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment considering time difference between measurement and actuation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 11 (2012): 2726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211433247.

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The manufacture of printed electronics by roll-to-roll printing machine requires more accurate register performance than conventional media printing technology. Moreover, high drying temperature and long drying time to sinter the inks can induce the substantial changes in the length of the substrate and consequently register errors. Among the roll-to-roll printing methods, the gravure one, despite its relatively fast productivity and fine-line printing capacity, has difficulty in achieving the required register specifications for printed electronics because of the dependence of the register control on web dynamics. This study proposes a roll-to-roll gravure-offset printing equipment, including the register measurement system designed to enhance register performance and the related register control method for the application of printed electronics. Each cylinder constituting the printing unit is driven independently by an individual servomotor. Moreover, the printing patterns of the plate cylinder can move in the axial direction by position control, as well as in the web transport direction by a phase shift of the plate cylinder, without affecting the dynamics of the web. The time difference between the measurement and the actual control action is considered and modeled. The register measurement system, including selections of sensors and marks is also proposed to consider the effect of the time difference. The simulation results and the experiments of the register control are shown to verify the effect of the time difference on the control performances. It is found that a proper estimation of time difference should be obtained in order to guarantee more accurate and stable control performances.

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Pogačar, Andreja, Ivana Bolanča-Mirković, and Diana Gregor-Svetec. "Print Durability and Recyclability of Label Paper Equipped with Printed RFID Antenna." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010129.

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Labels are a crucial component of products, offering informational content and attractive visuals; therefore, the durability of the print is an important quality requirement. On the other hand, in accordance with eco-design, the recyclability of printed labels is vital. In our research, the focus was on the assessment of the durability, recyclability, and deinkability of printed label paper equipped with printed RFID tags. The determined color fastness of electrophotographic prints affected by various environmental factors showed good resistance to dry rubbing and, in most cases, light and moist–heat treatment, confirming the applicability of digital printing on self-adhesive biodegradable paper labels. In the second part of this study, recyclability was assessed, and a comparison between the deinkability of the offset and digital prints and two conductive functional inks was conducted. Good deinkability was observed for the printed RFID antennas on both the offset and electrographic prints, with only a small deterioration in optical properties, especially when nano-silver conductive ink was used. The study highlights the importance of the selection of materials and printing techniques when considering the environmental impact of printed electronics. The results showed that INGEDE 11 is a suitable deinking method for printed RFID antennas on offset and electrographic prints.

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Maind, S. D., N. Chattopadhyay, Ch Gandhi, S. C. Kumar, and M. Sudersanan. "Quantitative evaluation of europium in blue ballpoint pen inks/offset printing inks tagged with europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate by spectrofluorometry and ICP-AES." Science & Justice 48, no. 2 (2008): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2007.09.007.

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Moon, Jaekyeong, Geonhee Yang, and Hyunchul Tae. "A Study on DNN-Based Practical Model for Predicting Spot Color." Applied Sciences 13, no. 24 (2023): 13100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132413100.

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The color of product packaging plays an important role in brand awareness and consistency. Given the importance of consistent color reproduction, the use of standardized spot colors is essential. However, the reproduction of specific spot colors in offset packaging printing involves additional processes and costs. This study presents an efficient approach to predict the color result of spot color inks in the packaging printing industry, using only the amount of ink involved in the mixing process as an input. Using a neural network-based model, our approach uses the CIEDE2000 color difference formula as a loss function to accurately estimate the final color. This method provides a simplified alternative to traditional color mixing techniques, which often involve subjective judgment and can be resource-intensive. Particularly beneficial for smaller companies, our approach reduces the complexity and cost associated with achieving accurate spot colors. The significance of this work lies in its practical application, providing a simpler, more objective and cost-effective solution for consistent color reproduction in packaging printing.

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Kondratov, Alexander, Valery Konyukhov, Stanislav Yamilinets, Ekaterina Marchenko, and Gulsharat Baigonakova. "Compression Relaxation of Multi-Structure Polymer Composites in Penetrating Liquid Medium." Polymers 14, no. 23 (2022): 5177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235177.

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Multi-structural polymer composites are widely used in the mechanical engineering, automotive, aviation and oil refining industries, as well as in the printing industry as a shock-absorbing deckle on the offset cylinders of printing machines. During offset printing, composites come into contact with inks and washing solutions, the components of which penetrate the material and cause the polymers to swell. This process degrades the print quality, and for this reason the study of its features is relevant. The prerequisites for this work are the study of the fundamental laws of diffusion and sorption of liquids by polymers with different micro- and macro-structures in different physical states and in different forms (e.g., films, sheets, fibers and fabrics). The combination of polymer materials in the composition of multi-structural fabric blankets makes it possible to obtain materials with unique mechanical properties and high resistance to liquid penetrating media and to use them in high-tech processes of multi-color printing with high resolution and color rendering. This article reports for the first time the kinetics and thermodynamics results obtained from the swelling of multi-structural polymeric blankets in solvents used in printing, and the effect of sorption of different polar liquids on the viscoelastic strain under compression during the operation of the damping systems of printing machines. Using mathematical models of activated liquid diffusion in polymers and deformation of a viscoelastic body, the swelling rate constants, solvent diffusion coefficients (the kinetic characteristics of the swelling process) and Flory–Huggins parameters (the thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction of the solvent with the composite) for composite–solvent systems with several chemical composition variants were determined. The elastic modulus and the viscosity coefficient of the composite under liquid saturation were calculated based on the experimental cyclic compression data. The range of change in the compression and restoration times of the polymeric blankets (0.09 s ÷ 0.78 s) was determined. It was shown that the composite swelled to a limited extent in all the studied liquids. All solvents used were thermodynamically poor (χ > 0.5). It has been established that rubber–fabric blankets coated with nitrile rubber are the least resistant to the action of dichloroethane, and that blankets with layers of polyolefins are not resistant to ethyl acetate. Water significantly affects the physicochemical properties of rubber–fabric blankets with a large proportion of cotton fabric layers. The data obtained can serve as a basis for optimizing the compositions of inks and cleaning solutions, as well as a theoretical basis for the thermodynamics of composite–solvent systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Offset Printing Inks'

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