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Journal articles on the topic 'Offshore geotechnics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Jeng, Dong-Sheng, Jisheng Zhang, and Özgür Kirca. "Coastal Geohazard and Offshore Geotechnics." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8121011.

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With the rapid development in the exploration of marine resources, coastal geohazard and offshore geotechnics have attracted a great deal of attention from coastal geotechnical engineers and has achieved significant progress in recent years [...]

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2

Jeng, Dong-Sheng, and Horst G. Brandes. "Developments in offshore geotechnics." Ocean Engineering 38, no. 7 (May 2011): 815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.04.001.

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3

O'Loughlin, Conleth D. "Session report: offshore geotechnics at ICPMG 2014." International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 15, no. 2 (June 2015): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ijpmg.14.00040.

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4

Bałachowski, Lech. "Physical Modelling of Geotechnical Structures in Ports and Offshore." Polish Maritime Research 24, s1 (April 25, 2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0014.

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Abstract The physical modelling of subsoil behaviour and soil-structure interaction is essential for the proper design of offshore structures and port infrastructure. A brief introduction to such modelling of geoengineering problems is presented and some methods and experimental devices are described. The relationships between modelling scales are given. Some examples of penetration testing results in centrifuge and calibration chamber are presented. Prospects for physical modelling in geotechnics are also described.

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5

Wheeler, S. J., W. K. Sham, and S. D. Thomas. "Gas pressure in unsaturated offshore soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-008.

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Direct measurement of gas pressure within unsaturated offshore soils is very difficult because the gas occurs in the form of large, discrete bubbles. However, consideration of the soil structure and analysis of a continuum model for the soil suggest two independent sets of limits for the gas bubble pressure. Surface tension effects limit the difference between gas pressure and pore-water pressure, while cavity expansion and contraction considerations limit the difference between gas pressure and mean total stress. If the gas pressure lies within these limits, it should remain almost unaffected by changes to the total stress or pore-water pressure. These suggestions are supported by results from an oedometer test on a reconstituted soil sample containing large bubbles of methane gas. Key words: bubbles, cavity expansion, gas, oedometer tests, offshore geotechnics, pore pressure, surface tension, unsaturated.

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6

Randolph, Mark F., Christophe Gaudin, Susan M. Gourvenec, David J. White, Noel Boylan, and Mark J. Cassidy. "Recent advances in offshore geotechnics for deep water oil and gas developments." Ocean Engineering 38, no. 7 (May 2011): 818–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.10.021.

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7

Pape, Thomas, Hans-Jürgen Hohnberg, David Wunsch, Erik Anders, Tim Freudenthal, Katrin Huhn, and Gerhard Bohrmann. "Design and deployment of autoclave pressure vessels for the portable deep-sea drill rig MeBo (<i>Meeresboden-Bohrgerät</i>)." Scientific Drilling 23 (November 30, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-23-29-2017.

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Abstract. Pressure barrels for sampling and preservation of submarine sediments under in situ pressure with the robotic sea-floor drill rig MeBo (Meeresboden-Bohrgerät) housed at the MARUM (Bremen, Germany) were developed. Deployments of the so-called MDP (MeBo pressure vessel) during two offshore expeditions off New Zealand and off Spitsbergen, Norway, resulted in the recovery of sediment cores with pressure stages equaling in situ hydrostatic pressure. While initially designed for the quantification of gas and gas-hydrate contents in submarine sediments, the MDP also allows for analysis of the sediments under in situ pressure with methods typically applied by researchers from other scientific fields (geotechnics, sedimentology, microbiology, etc.). Here we report on the design and operational procedure of the MDP and demonstrate full functionality by presenting the first results from pressure-core degassing and molecular gas analysis.

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8

Koutsoftas, Demetrious C., Roger Foott, and Leo D. Handfelt. "Geotechnical Investigations Offshore Hong Kong." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 113, no. 2 (February 1987): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1987)113:2(87).

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9

Meyerhof, Geoffrey G. "Development of geotechnical limit state design." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-010.

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The historical development of limit state design in geotechnical engineering is reviewed. Total and partial factors of safety used for the design of land–based and offshore structures are compared. It is found that the factors of safety in different codes for the ultimate and serviceability limit states design of earthworks, earth retaining structures, and land-based and offshore foundations are very similar. Partial factors in the ultimate limit state design are linked to the variability of the loads and soil parameters, the design approximations, and construction tolerances. They influence the nominal probability of failure of the type of structure considered and the seriousness of failure, which differ for land-based and offshore structures. These probabilities are compared with human fatality risks of common experiences. The serviceability limit states are governed by structural and operational constraints and the intended service life of the land-based or offshore structure. The corresponding partial factors are generally taken as unity. Key words : codes, earth structures, foundations, human risks, limit states design, probability of failures, factors of safety.

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10

Shackley, S. E. "Some geotechnical properties of offshore sediments." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 98, no. 4 (January 1987): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(87)80082-2.

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11

Lacasse, S., and F. Nadim. "Probabilistic geotechnical analyses for offshore facilities." Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2007): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17499510701204224.

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12

Williams, Ethan F., María R. Fernández-Ruiz, Regina Magalhaes, Roel Vanthillo, Zhongwen Zhan, Miguel González-Herráez, and Hugo F. Martins. "Scholte wave inversion and passive source imaging with ocean-bottom DAS." Leading Edge 40, no. 8 (August 2021): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40080576.1.

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Geotechnical characterization of marine sediments remains an outstanding challenge for offshore energy development, including foundation design and site selection of wind turbines and offshore platforms. We demonstrate that passive distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) surveys offer a new solution for shallow offshore geotechnical investigation where seafloor power or communications cables with fiber-optic links are available. We analyze Scholte waves recorded by DAS on a 42 km power cable in the Belgian offshore area of the southern North Sea. Ambient noise crosscorrelations converge acceptably with just over one hour of data, permitting multimodal Scholte wave dispersion measurement and shear-wave velocity inversion along the cable. We identify anomalous off-axis Scholte wave arrivals in noise crosscorrelations at high frequencies. Using a simple passive source imaging approach, we associate these arrivals with individual wind turbines, which suggests they are generated by structural vibrations. While many technological barriers must be overcome before ocean-bottom DAS can be applied to global seismic monitoring in the deep oceans, high-frequency passive surveys for high-resolution geotechnical characterization and monitoring in coastal regions are easily achievable today.

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13

Thian, S., and C. Lee. "Geotechnical Characterisation of High Plasticity Offshore Clay." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 3, no. 21 (January 10, 2014): 2745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2014/12134.

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14

Iwicki, Piotr, and Jarosław Przewłócki. "Short Review and 3-D FEM Analysis of Basic Types of Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines." Polish Maritime Research 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0044.

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AbstractSome problems of the foundations of offshore wind turbines are considered in this paper. A short review is presented on the two basic types of foundations, i.e. monopiles and gravity foundations, including their basic features and applications as well as general design considerations. Also, some issues regarding analysis are discussed, including geotechnical problems and modelling techniques. A numerical model of offshores turbine and some preliminary computations are presented. Finite element analysis was carried out for wind turbines supported on both gravity and monopile foundations. The wind turbine tower, blades (simplified model), gravity foundation and part of the surrounding soil are included in the model. The turbine was loaded by wind and loads induced by waves, inertia and gravity. Both non-linear static and dynamic analysis of the wind turbine was performed. The displacements and stresses under the tower foundations were calculated and a comparison analysis carried out.

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15

Bone, B. D., D. Long, and M. S. Stoker. "The influence of stratigraphy on the Variation in geotechnical properties of the offshore Quaternary succession, Scotland." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.08.

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AbstractEvidence is presented to show the influence that Sedimentation patterns and environmental conditions have had on the geotechnical properties of Quaternary Sediments in the Scottish offshore area. An understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the Quaternary deposits greatly aids regional geotechnical studies which need to be undertaken before evaluating site specific problems.

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16

Byrne, Byron W. "Editorial: geotechnical design for offshore wind turbine monopiles." Géotechnique 70, no. 11 (November 2020): 943–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.2020.70.11.943.

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17

Li, Gang, Jin-Li Zhang, and Qing Yang. "Geotechnical Investigations at the Dalian Offshore Airport, China." Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 34, no. 8 (September 6, 2015): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1064119x.2015.1087438.

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18

Bot, S. Le, V. Van Lancker, S. Deleu, M. De Batist, J. P. Henriet, and W. Haegeman. "Geological characteristics and geotechnical properties of Eocene and Quaternary deposits on the Belgian continental shelf: synthesis in the context of offshore wind farming." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 2 (July 2005): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023027.

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AbstractThe present study consists of a synthesis of the lithostratigraphy, geotechnical properties, geometry and distribution of Eocene and Quaternary deposits of the Belgian continental shelf. It is based on available large datasets (seismics, cores, cone penetration tests) and their interpretations synthesised from numerous studies from the last 20 years. A significant effort has been focused on data digitisation and integration into appropriate GIS software packages in order to compare the data in a much more dynamic and flexible way. New insights have been proposed on the lithostratigraphy and geotechnical properties of offshore and onland deposits.An application is presented for the selection of wind farm implantation sites. Geological and geotechnical aspects of direct interest for wind farm implantation site selection have been focused on, such as the stability of the offshore wind turbine structures and the minimization of environmental impacts on the seabed. Sites suitable for wind turbines using monopile structures on the Belgian continental shelf are proposed.

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19

Thompson, G. R., and L. G. Long. "Hibernia geotechnical investigation and site characterization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 653–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-078.

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A detailed offshore site investigation was conducted in the Hibernia field in 1983 to provide engineering data for the preliminary design of a gravity base structure (GBS) for use as an oil production platform. Reliable information regarding the strength and variability of near-surface soils was needed to verify that the foundation would be capable of resisting large environmental design loads, including those induced by iceberg impacts and storm waves. This paper presents an overview of the geotechnical equipment and methods that were successfully used to complete the investigation, major results of the field and laboratory program, and an interpretation of soil strength parameters needed for analysis of GBS stability under the design loads. Results are presented that confirm that the preshear density and effective confining pressure, or "state," of underlying sand elements are major factors that must be considered when establishing design parameters for GBS structures. It is demonstrated that consideration of state changes resulting from GBS installation is important in the analysis of granular soil resistance under both drained and undrained loading conditions. Failure to account for this effect could lead to an unconservative design. Key words: Hibernia, offshore site investigation, CPT, sand strength, state parameter.

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20

Morin, Pierre, and C. Roy Dawe. "Geotechnical properties of two deep-sea marine soils from the Labrador Sea." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 24, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t87-069.

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Cores from two deep-sea sites from the Labrador Sea have been extensively studied using various analyses. X-ray techniques provided a continuous profile of bulk densities and an accurate description of the bedding. The soil structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Detailed identification, laboratory shear strength, and compressibility tests have been used to determine the geotechnical properties of the soils, both in their intact and remolded states. Geological data and fabric observations are compared with geotechnical properties in order to explain the observed overconsolidation of the surficial sediments. Characterization of the seabed materials is further improved by using existing empirical correlations with soils of onshore and offshore origin. Key words: marine sediments, deep-sea investigation, overconsolidation, laboratory testing, offshore.

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21

Liang, Jianhui, and Xianhui Song. "Recent centrifuge modelling of offshore geotechnical problems at IWHR." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 17001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199217001.

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Centrifuge modelling has been proven to be an efficient and reliable approach for examining offshore geotechnical problems. This study reports the two series of centrifuge tests to understand the behaviour of spudcan penetration in a “soft-stiff-soft clay” stratigraphy and the behaviour of gravity anchor subjected to a lateral loading. A hydraulic system has been adopted to apply the large compressive and tensional load on the spudcan and gravity anchor, respectively. Load cells were installed on the base of the spudcan to directly measure the stress acting on the spudcan base. A 2D laser scanner was adopted to monitor the horizontal, vertical movement and tilting of the gravity anchor. The influence of the relative soil stiffness on the spudcan pentration behaviour and the soil deformation and interaction with the gravity anchor are discussed based on the centrifuge test results.

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22

Spagnoli, Giovanni, Chiara Bosco, and Pierpaolo Oreste. "Geotechnical and machinery properties influencing the offshore pile drillability." Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 35, no. 2 (March 2016): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1064119x.2016.1155189.

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23

Lunne, Tom, Knut H. Andersen, Han Eng Low, Mark F. Randolph, and Morten Sjursen. "Guidelines for offshore in situ testing and interpretation in deepwater soft clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 4 (April 2011): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-088.

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Offshore developments for hydrocarbon resources have now progressed to water depths approaching 3000 m, with geotechnical design increasingly focused on soft sediments in the upper 30 m or so of the seabed. Due to the difficulties and high cost in recovering high-quality samples from deepwater sites, there is increasing dependence on in situ testing techniques for determining the geotechnical design parameters. This paper summarizes the findings from a joint industry project, undertaken by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute and the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems at The University of Western Australia, on the use of in situ testing for the characterization of deepwater soft soils. The project focused on theoretical and empirical studies for the interpretation of piezocone, T-bar, and ball penetration test data, linking the penetration resistance to shear strengths determined from in situ vane tests and laboratory tests on high-quality samples. Guidelines are summarized for interpreting in situ test data, particularly for estimating intact and remoulded undrained shear strengths from the penetration resistance measured by each type of penetrometer. Suggestions are also given for future development of in situ testing techniques to maximize the potential of in situ testing in characterization of deepwater soft soils.

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24

Abhinav, K. A., and Nilanjan Saha. "Coupled hydrodynamic and geotechnical analysis of jacket offshore wind turbine." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 73 (June 2015): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.03.002.

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25

Laczynski, Bogumil, and Krzysztof Wrobel. "Specificity of Geotechnical Measurements and Practice of Polish Offshore Operations." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 9, no. 4 (2015): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.09.04.16.

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26

Long, Michael, Andy Trafford, Tomás McGrath, and Peter O'Connor. "Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) for offshore geotechnical investigations." Engineering Geology 272 (July 2020): 105649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105649.

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27

Voznesensky, E. A., A. S. Loktev, and M. S. Nikitin. "ON STANDARDIZATION OF LABORATORY SOIL TESTING IN OFFSHORE GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY." Gruntovedenie 1, no. 16 (January 2021): 16–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53278/2306-9139-2021-1-16-16-52.

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Issues of laboratory soil studies standardization in offshore geotechnical survey are discussed in connection with the end of expertise of two new regulative documents – new edition of the Code of practice and Russian national standard developed on the basis of international ISO standard. Since these documents of different level belong also to different categories (geotechnical survey and oil and gas industry), the authors analyze their interrelation and consistency, from one hand, and the preparedness of Russian soil testing practice to implementation of the new standard which results from harmonization with international ones, from the other. Complete section of the standard draft related to soil laboratory testing is presented, preceded by commentary on some important issues regarding the implementation of its specific methodic statements. It is concluded that the new national GOST draft «Petroleum and natural gas industries. Specific requirements for offshore structures. Marine soil investigations» developed on ISO basis will be a useful document supported in general by Russian normative base but expanding a possible range of voluntary methods into well time-tested foreign approaches. This documents can be considered to be a toolkit annex to the Code of practice describing testing approaches beyond the scope of typical tasks

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28

Byrne, Byron, Guy Houlsby, Chris Martin, and Peter Fish. "Suction Caisson Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines." Wind Engineering 26, no. 3 (May 2002): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952402762056063.

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This paper outlines a £ 1.5m, three year, research project that commenced during the middle of 2002 to determine a design framework for shallow foundations for offshore wind turbines. The shallow foundations in focus are suction-installed skirted foundations otherwise known as suction caissons (Houlsby and Byrne, 2000). There are eight distinct themes to the research covering all aspects of the geotechnical performance of these foundations. The funding for the project has been obtained from the Department of Trade and Industry (£ 917k), Industrial Partners (£ 373k) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (£ 221k). The results will feed into the design process for offshore wind turbines almost immediately.

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29

Zografou, Dimitra, Susan Gourvenec, and Conleth O’Loughlin. "Vertical cyclic loading response of shallow skirted foundation in soft normally consolidated clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 4 (April 2019): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0179.

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Skirted foundations are a potential foundation solution for a range of offshore structures, including hydrocarbon and renewable energy platforms and subsea structures. Offshore foundations can be subject to cyclic loading from environmental, installation, and operational events affecting the geotechnical response. A series of centrifuge tests have been performed on a shallow skirted foundation on normally consolidated kaolin clay under a range of vertical cyclic load sequences to investigate the effect of tensile or compressive average stress, the magnitude of the applied stress, and the effect of cyclic loading of low magnitude followed by consolidation on the foundation response. Results are presented as vertical foundation displacements normalized by the foundation geometry and interpreted within the traditional shear-strain contour approach. The findings indicate that the average, rather than maximum, vertical stress defines the foundation vertical displacement response and failure mode, a threshold stress exists below which a steady state is maintained even at a high number of cycles, and geotechnical resistance increases as a result of low-level cyclic loading followed by consolidation.

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30

Liu, Haixiao, Zhou Li, and Yuming Zhang. "Offshore Geotechnical Problems in Deepwater Mooring Techniques for Large Floating Structures." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 598–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2018.598.610.

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31

Butenko, G., and S. R. Østmo. "The importance of multidisciplinary geoscience investigations for engineering projects in the Oseberg, Brage and Troll Fields." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.17.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance and advantages of coordinating and integrating the different phases and expertise involved in an offshore site investigation. Modern, multi-Channel, high-resolution, seismic reflection profiles improve significantly the ability to predict the continuity of soil layers several kilometres away from the nearest geotechnical boring. The geological history of the sediments is reflected in the geotechnical parameters obtained from in situ and laboratory tests.The Integration of in situ and laboratory soil tests, seismic stratigraphy and geology gives a comprehensive understanding of the Engineering properties of the Quaternary sediments in the Oseberg, Brage and Troll fields.

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32

Kurfurst, P. J., and S. R. Dallimore. "Engineering geology of nearshore areas off Richards Island, N.W.T.: a comparison of stable and actively eroding coastlines." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-025.

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Nearshore areas off northern Richards Island can be expected to show considerable variability in lithology, strengths, and geothermal setting both in a temporal and a spatial sense. Drilling and laboratory studies carried out along onshore–offshore transects at a stable coastal site and an actively eroding coastal site have identified six major stratigraphic units of Holocene and pre-Holocene (Wisconsinan) age. The main factors controlling the geotechnical properties of these sediments and their distribution are the occurrence of shallow permafrost beneath areas seasonally covered by landfast sea ice, rapid degradation of permafrost in areas farther offshore, ice content of thawing pre-Holocene sediments, and variability in coastal processes. Key words: nearshore deposits, engineering geology, permafrost, physical properties, acoustic properties.

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33

White, David J., and Matt Hodder. "A simple model for the effect on soil strength of episodes of remoulding and reconsolidation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 7 (July 2010): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-137.

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Many geotechnical processes related to offshore foundations and pipelines on clay soils involve intermittent episodes of remoulding and reconsolidation. To assess the resulting response, it is necessary to predict the operative soil strength, which decreases due to remoulding but can increase due to reconsolidation. A simple framework that allows these processes to be linked, via concepts from critical state soil mechanics, is described. The framework is illustrated by back-analysing a T-bar penetrometer test that involved episodes of both remoulding and reconsolidation, which was conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge. It is shown that the model can capture the surprising increases in both the intact and the remoulded strength that are observed between episodes of remoulding.

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34

TANAKA, Hiroyuki, Masaki KITAZUME, and Takashi TSUCHIDA. "Geotechnical Problems on the Offshore Expansion Project of the Tokyo International Airport." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 722 (2002): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2002.722_1.

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35

Cheon, J. Y., and R. B. Gilbert. "Modeling spatial variability in offshore geotechnical properties for reliability-based foundation design." Structural Safety 49 (July 2014): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2013.07.008.

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36

Coughlan, Mark, Mike Long, and Paul Doherty. "Geological and geotechnical constraints in the Irish Sea for offshore renewable energy." Journal of Maps 16, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1758811.

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37

S V Prasad, D., L. DurgaVara Prasad, and Ch Shivanarayana. "A study on geotechnical properties of marine clay stabilized with lime and recron-3s fibre." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.1 (March 5, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.1.9879.

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The necessity to tap natural marine resources from the ocean beds represents a considerable challenge for the construction of offshore structures on weak marine deposits. Weak marine soil deposits have been found both on the coast and in several offshore areas spread over many parts of the world. When clay particles precipitate in salt water, there is a tendency for the clay particles to flocculate and stick together giving rise to some sort of edge-to-face arrangement. As a result, clay, silt, and fine sand particles settle almost at the same rate and the final sediment formed consists of particles with a very loose card house-like structure. In thisstudy,anattempthasbeenmadetostudytheIndex Properties, Differential Free Swell , Compactionand CBR characteristics of marine clay mixing with different percentages of lime and Recron-3s fibre with a view to determine the optimum percentages and its effect on strength characteristics.Test results show that stabilizing marine clay with lime and imparting Recron - 3s fibre enhance the strength.

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38

Been, K., J. I. Clark, and W. R. Livingstone. "Verification and calibration studies for the new CAN/CSA-S472 foundations of offshore structures." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-044.

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In June 1992, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) published a code for the design, construction, and installation of fixed offshore structures. This code is relatively advanced in its application of limit states design to offshore structures. The part dealing with foundations is written as a performance standard. It does not specify resistance factors (or safety factors) to achieve the target reliability of the structure. Although limit states design is common practice among geotechnical engineers, the application of resistance factors is a problem. This paper describes some of the studies and conclusions reached by the Technical Committee in the development of the CSA foundations standard. As a first step, resistance factors were developed by calibration to conventional total factors of safety for the failure mechanisms considered. This approach has severe limitations. In particular, the applicability of safety factors developed for onshore practice or other offshore areas to the ice-dominated environment of Canadian offshore regions is questionable. In addition, many offshore structure designs include consideration of dynamic loading and scour or erosion problems that cannot be satisfactorily dealt with using factors of safety. An example of the problem of applying separate load and resistance factors for a bearing-capacity problem is given to show that load and resistance are not independent of each other. Because of the problems with development of resistance factors, the CSA foundations standard dictates that offshore structure designs include a risk analysis of the foundation system. A simple form of such an analysis for a caisson-retained sand structure is included in the paper. Key words : offshore structures, foundations, standard, safety, limit states design.

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39

Hunter, J. A., and S. E. Pullan. "A vertical array method for shallow seismic refraction surveying of the sea floor." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 1 (January 1990): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442775.

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In recent years, specific requirements of offshore geotechnical site investigations, as well as detailed defense research studies, have stimulated research interest in methods for measuring seismic velocities of sea‐floor sediments on the continental shelves. Investigations have used wide‐angie subbottom reflection measurements (McKay and McKay, 1982), bottom‐laid refraction cables (Hunter et al., 1979), and towed refraction arrays, both on the surface (Hunter and Hobson, 1974) and at depth (Fortin et al., 1987; Fagot, 1983).

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Mohammed Al-Bared, Mohammed Ali, and Aminaton Marto. "A review on the geotechnical and engineering characteristics of marine clay and the modern methods of improvements." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n4.921.

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Marine clay is a soft soil that could be found widely at the coastal and offshore areas. This type of soil is usually associated with high settlement and instability, poor soil properties that are not suitable for engineering requirements and low unconfined compressive strength of less than 20 kPa. Considerable failure could occur even with light loads and it shows flat or featureless surface. This kind of soil is considered as problematic due to the existence of high moisture content and usually exists as slurry with noticeable percentage of expandable clay minerals. In this paper, the geotechnical, micro-structure and engineering properties of marine clay are thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The properties include moisture content, particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, mineral compositions and shear strength. Moreover, due to the increasing demand of construction at coastal and offshore areas involving the marine clay, many attempts have been made to stabilize this kind of soil in order to solve the geotechnical related problems. Some of the common stabilization methods used to improve the properties of marine clay such as cement grouting, chemical additives and some environmental friendly additives are discussed. In long term, marine clay treatment using cement was found to be the best method. In addition, this paper serves as a guideline for the design and construction of projects on marine soils.

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Xiong, Min, and Yu Huang. "Static and Dynamic Reliability Analysis of Laterally Loaded Pile Using Probability Density Function Method." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2020): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120994.

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Pile foundation is one of the common foundation forms in marine geotechnical engineering, especially in wind power engineering. Its operation safety is seriously affected by many uncertainties, such as the randomness of ground motion in intensity and frequency. The stochastic reliability analysis method can better characterize these uncertainties in the evaluation of the safety performance of pile foundation. The probability density functions (PDFs) of stochastic systems are important prerequisites for reliability analysis. However, for geotechnical problems, the coupling between parametric and excitation randomness and the nonlinear mechanical properties of rock and soil make it very difficult to obtain the associated PDFs. Instead, the probability density evolution method (PDEM) is introduced and is used to investigate the static and dynamic reliability of laterally loaded piles as an example of a geotechnical problem. Compared with Monte Carlo stochastic simulations, PDEM-based computing is shown to be highly efficient when applied to the seismic design of pile in geotechnical engineering, and its calculation efficiency is 20 times of the former for the seismic dynamic reliability of pile foundation. This study provides a new reference for the efficient design and safety evaluation of offshore pile foundation engineering based on static and dynamic reliability of multiple random factors.

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Luo, N., S. R. Arwade, and D. J. DeGroot. "Probabilistic analysis of offshore geotechnical site investigation in a homogeneous stiff clay deposit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1452 (January 2020): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1452/1/012037.

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Mathai, Thomas, A. K. Samadder, M. L. Renjith, and K. N. Rajarama. "Geotechnical Surveys Indicate Potential Offshore Port Facilities off Subarnarekha Outflow Sector, Orissa, India." Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 32, no. 4 (March 12, 2014): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1064119x.2013.764554.

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Kalapinski, Erik J., and Kristjan A. Varnik. "Hydroacoustic survey of geotechnical activities for the Virginia offshore wind technical advancement program." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 138, no. 3 (September 2015): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4934081.

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Lee, C. Y., H. G. Poulos, and T. S. Hull. "Effect of seafloor instability on offshore pile foundations." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-087.

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This paper employs a modified nonlinear boundary element approach to analyze the response of offshore piles subjected to external soil movements arising from submarine slides. Theoretical solutions for a realistic hypothetical offshore pile computed by the approach are presented and discussed. The analysis is then used to analyze the behaviour of two full-scale offshore piles in submarine slide areas, and reasonable agreement is found between observed and theoretical behaviour. Key words: seafloor instability, submarine slides, offshore piles, theoretical solutions, field tests.

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An, Yong Ning. "Some Misconceptions in Pile Insertion Analysis of Offshore Platforms in Shengli Chengdao Oilfield." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.67.

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According to some actual cases of pile insertion analysis, combined with specialty norms and principles of soil mechanics in this paper, a few common misconceptions in pile insertion analysis of offshore platforms in Chengdao Oilfield are summarized. Type of common misconceptions, causes and adverse effects are analyzed, and countermeasures are put forward to correct misunderstandings and improve the accuracy of pile insertion calculation and analysis. Cases of analysis errors can be easily found because of unclear soil layer classification, difficultly recognized geotechnical properties, inaccurately divided layer uniformity, inadequately considered structure and soil interaction responses, etc. in offshore platforms pile insertion analysis, thus many unnecessary losses appear in oilfield production. By improving survey quality, using a variety of means of investigation, paying more attention to soil layer uniformity in well field, properly evaluating strength of laminated soil, doing anti-slip platform evaluation when pile is inserted too shallow, etc. can reduce errors effectively.

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Kementzetzidis, Evangelos, Simone Corciulo, Willem G. Versteijlen, and Federico Pisanò. "Geotechnical aspects of offshore wind turbine dynamics from 3D non-linear soil-structure simulations." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 120 (May 2019): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.01.037.

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Sturm, Hendrik. "Geotechnical performance of a novel gravity base type shallow foundation for offshore wind turbines." geotechnik 34, no. 2 (June 2011): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gete.201100013.

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Sættem, Joar, Leif Rise, Kåre Rokoengen, and Trond By. "Soil investigations, offshore mid Norway: A case study of glacial influence on geotechnical properties." Global and Planetary Change 12, no. 1-4 (March 1996): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(95)00024-0.

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David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, C. Gaudin, PG Watson, and MR Randolph. "Centrifuge Testing of Offshore Filters." Geotechnical Testing Journal 29, no. 4 (2006): 100200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj100200.

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