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1
Kim, Bo S. (Bo Sung). "Systematic prioritization of considerations in making offshore software development outsourcing decisions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33305.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-45).<br>Offshore outsourcing of software development projects has become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. In order to avoid potential pitfalls in outsourcing, companies must carefully select who to outsource to. Although general guidelines exist for those companies to consult, they are not customizable to the unique needs of each company and project. By assessing the type of a company's outsourceable project and its in-house capabilities regarding the project, the main outsourcing goal of the company is first determined. Depending on the goal, the essential issues to be considered in making outsourcing decisions are then prioritized systematically. Case studies have been conducted to support the set prioritization patterns, followed by an examination of current limitations and possible future work.<br>by Bo S. Kim.<br>M.Eng.
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PraveenShivakumar and Krishna Kanth Vijapurapu. "Tacit Knowledge Preservation at Vendor Organizations in Offshore Outsourcing Software Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1995.
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Context. Tacit knowledge preservation (TKP) is a critical activity in outsourcing business since there is a high possibility of losing business if the personnel turnover rate is high. Objective: This study investigates TKP techniques from both knowledge management (KM) and software engineer (SE) perspectives followed by a discussion on the practicability of these techniques in software industries. The main aim of this research study is to provide a set of recommendations that assists preserving tacit knowledge in offshore outsourcing vendor organizations. Methods: This research combines a systematic literature review with an industrial survey. A systematic literature review (SLR) was employed to identify the TKP techniques in both KM and SE literature. Quasi-gold standard approach was employed as search strategy in SLR. Further, a survey was conducted with industrial practitioners working in offshore outsourcing software development (OOSD) to validate the findings from SLR and to know the additional TKP techniques. Results: A total of 51 TKP techniques were extracted from SLR and no additional techniques were identified from the survey. These 51 techniques were grouped and categorized into two subgroups namely Socialization and Externalization. A recommendation system and model was proposed to make the TKP process mandatory for every software project in an organization. Conclusions: The research provided a wide set of techniques for preserving tacit knowledge but the major contribution is from KM field whereas a little from SE field. The results of SLR and industrial survey revealed that though a sufficient amount of TKP techniques are available the practicability of these techniques in SE organizations is limited in nature. Therefore, we recommend a Software Engineers Rating (SER) system and model to make the TKP process mandatory in every software project that benefits the organization and also to an employee.
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Swartbooi, Andile A. "The role of knowledge management in offshore outsourced software development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5352.
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Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
In an effort to streamline operations and focus on what they regard as core activities, a growing
number of organizations from both developed and developing countries are increasingly looking
to outsource their software development and maintenance activities to lower cost countries such
as India and China, this is evidenced by the phenomenal growth in India’s software industry and
the number of major overseas IT companies establishing subsidiaries and relocating their
Research and Development operations to India’s high-tech cities such as Hyderabad, Chennai
and Pune. With the mere size of their populations standing at over a billion people each,
supported by their governments, Indian and Chinese business have been able to leverage this
population advantage producing a large pool of software engineers, technical specialists and
back office workers to cater for the talent demands of the world.
While the actual software development process might be non-core to many organizations, it
however yields software applications that drive critical business processes and embed valuable
organizational knowledge. The handing over of software development operations by an
organization to a third party poses a risk of creating a dependency and exposing vital business
knowledge to competition thereby compromising its competitive edge. Both the people that
participate in software development projects and the software products these people develop
possess knowledge which need to be secured and leveraged to enable the continued success of an
organization. Securing these knowledge artefacts and the knowledge created by the software
development lifecycle process cannot be left to chance, therefore the success of an organization’s
software development activities needs to be measured largely on its ability to secure knowledge
assets that derive from such process and the leveraging of such knowledge to drive
organizational strategy and yield new knowledge.
This thesis is premised on the fact that knowledge is the one competitive advantage that
separates successful nations from failed states and one dominant force that prevails across all
successful economies in the 21st century, hence the notion of a knowledge economy. The study seeks to understand the importance of the role played by knowledge in an outsourced
software development engagement and how knowledge management affects the success of this
engagement. By exploring the business drivers that spur organizations to outsource their IT
activities, the software development lifecycle, the different outsource models available to
organizations and the inherent risks surrounding knowledge loss, the thesis seeks to gain an
understanding and the criticality of managing knowledge within an outsourced software
development context and the strategies that organizations can utilize to deliver on outsourcing
promises with minimal risk.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Ten einde hulle werksaamhede meer vaartbelyn te maak en om ingestel te bly op dit wat hulle as
kernbedrywighede beskou, kyk al hoe meer organisasies in ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande
na die moontlikheid om die ontwikkeling en instandhouding van hulle sagteware uit te
kontrakteer na lande soos Indië en China, waar dit goedkoper gedoen kan word as tuis. Dié feit
blyk duidelik uit die fenomenale groei in veral Indië se sagtewarenywerheid en die getal groot
oorsese IT firmas wat hulle navorsing en ontwikkeling in hoë-tegnologie stede soos Hyderabad,
Chennai en Puna laat doen. Met bevolkings van meer as ’n miljard elk, kon Chinese en Indiese
ondernemings hierdie voorsprong benut om ‘n magdom sagteware-ingenieurs, tegniese
spesialiste en kantoorwerkers te produseer om in die wêreld se vraag na kundigheid te voorsien.
Terwyl die ontwikkeling van sagteware miskien nie deur baie ondernemings as ‘n
kernbedrywigheid beskou word nie, lewer dit tog aanwendings op wat kritieke sakeaktiwiteite
aandryf en waardevolle organisatoriese kennis vasvang. Die oordra van sagteware-ontwikkeling
van een onderneming na ‘n derde party gaan egter gepaard met die risiko dat dit afhanklikheid
kan skep en ook uiters belangrike sakekennis aan konkurrente toeganklik maak, wat die
mededingende voorsprong wat sulke kennis bied bedreig. Die mense betrokke by die
ontwikkeling van sagteware en die produkte wat hulle sodoende skep, is ‘n bron van kennis wat
beveilig en verveelvuldig moet word om ‘n onderneming in staat te stel om suksesvol te bly
voortbestaan. Die versekering van hierdie verworwe kennis en die kundigheid wat deur die
ontwikkelingsiklus van die sagteware geskep word, kan nie aan die toeval oorgelaat word nie –
die sukses van ‘n onderneming se sagteware-ontwikkeling moet veral gemeet word aan sy
vermoë om die kennisbates wat uit die proses voortvloei te verseker, en om hierdie kennis te
verveelvuldig om organisatoriese strategieë aan te dryf en nuwe kennis op te lewer.
Hierdie tesis se uitgangspunt is dat kennis die mededingende voorsprong is wat suksesvolle
nasies onderskei van die res; dit is dié faktor wat kenmerkend is van al die suksesvolle
ekonomieë van die 20ste eeu, en die kern van die begrip van ‘n “kennis-ekonomie”.
Hierdie ondersoek wil die belangrikheid verken van die rol wat gespeel word deur kennis in ‘n
uitgekontrakteerde verbintenis vir die ontwikkeling van sagteware and hoe kennisbestuur die sukses van so ‘n verbintenis affekteer. Deur ondersoek in te stel na die motivering wat besighede
aanspoor om hulle IT bedrywighede uit te plaas, na die sagteware-ontwikkeling lewenssiklus, die
verskillende modelle van uitkontraktering wat vir organisasies beskikbaar is en die inherente
risiko’s rondom kennisverlies, wil hierdie tesis ‘n begrip vorm van die kritieke noodsaaklikheid
vir die bestuur van kennis in ‘n uitgekontrakteerde sagteware-ontwikkeling en van die strategieë
wat organisasies kan aanwend om die voordele wat uitkontraktering beloof ten volle te benut
teen minimale risiko.
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Skalická, Lucie. "Software development ve finančních institucích, porovnání inhouse a outsourcing." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15435.
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This thesis deals with the problems of using outsourcing in software development for financial institutions. The thesis is divided into two parts -- theoretical issues and practical issues. The theoretical section is comprised of the first three chapters with the first describing the process of software development -- the life cycle of software, the prominent disciplines and roles involved in software development, the methods of software development and IT Governance. The second chapter defines the specifics which influence the method which is used in software development for financial institutions. The last chapter of the theoretical section deals with the concept of outsourcing - here is the definition of the term, its history, the reasons the financial sector uses outsourcing for software development and the risks thereby incurred. In addition to this, the advantages and limitations of individual models of outsourcing are also described namely regarding geography and the service o be provided. The practical section is comprised of the survey the aim of which was to acquire an insight into the issues of using outsourcing both from the point of view of the domestic financial sector as the client and from the point of view of the IT service provider. The surveys are included with this thesis.
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Wiener, Martin. "Critical success factors of offshore software development projects : the perspective of german-speaking companies /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014952985&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Almstedt, Karin. "Knowledge transfer in a cross-cultural context : Case study within a Swedish R&D company: Offshore outsourcing to India." Thesis, Örebro University, Swedish Business School at Örebro University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-4893.
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<p>The global competition and as the worldwide market has become more open a company’s ability to outsource activities to external companies based in other countries, i.e. offshore outsourcing, has increased dramatically. Companies are starting to transfer higher value-added activities that require certain skills, domain knowledge and experience, i.e. Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO). These activities are getting more difficult and complex to manage compared with standardised activities such as payroll, and predict another kind of co-operation and communication between the companies. When the sender and receiver are based in different context, such as organisational and cultural, other aspects might be added to the difficulty. The purpose of this thesis is to describe, and analyse knowledge transfer in a cross cultural context based on three categories identified in the theoretical framework: character of knowledge, distances between sending and receiving context and mutual understanding. Also to answer how cultural differences might affect the knowledge transfer process. The objective of this study is mainly from a Swedish R&D company’s perspective that has an established relation with an external consultancy company based in India. The activities are within the area of dynamical changing software development of complex, communication and knowledge intensive products.</p><p>A qualitative case study has been performed based on open target interviews. The findings show that the character of knowledge is an important factor to consider when establishing the knowledge transfer process. It was a need to transfer knowledge not only related to the product itself but also knowledge embedded in organisational routines, processes, practises and norms. This is related to distances between sending and receiving context: organisational and knowledge differences shown in organisational skills and previous experience, and cultural differences mainly visible in communication such as raising problems and an expected top-down approach by managers. The geographical distance adds to the difficulty due to the missing face-to-face contact. The sending company must therefore be very active and can not just expect the receiving company to handle the activity, and especially when the companies’ prerequisites differ as much as in this case. Culture awareness and mutual understanding are factors that improve knowledge transfer.</p>
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Eklund, Stefan, and Jonas Kämpe. "Cost-Effective Small Firm Software Offshore Outsourcing." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6487.
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<p>Offshore outsourcing of information technology functions and services in medium-sized and larger firms is common internationally. The usage of IT outsourcing in Sweden is significantly lower than for instance in the USA. It has been estimated that outsourcing constitutes less than one percent of the total value for purchased IT services and IT production in Sweden each year. In addition, the usage of outsourcing is even more moderate in smaller firms. One reason behind this is a belief that it is not cost-effective for smaller firms to use outsourcing. In this thesis, we investigate whether it is economically and practically viable for small IT firms based in Sweden to outsource their production directly to off-shore suppliers. To aid us in answering this question we document the outsourcing process of small firms, the relevant costs for implementation of offshore outsourcing for small firms and their mitigation, as well as the largest obstacles for small firms in the offshore outsourcing process. We have performed a number of interviews with representatives from the Swedish information technology industry and analysed the data using transaction cost theory and a nine-step process framework for IT outsourcing by E. A. Sparrow. The outsourcing process of small firms follows Sparrow’s framework to a large extent, but some steps are clearly more important to the small firms. Our conclusion is that offshore outsourcing is a viable production alternative after adaptation to the conditions of small firms. The most important process steps where the major parts of the costs are found were: identifying what projects to outsource offshore, developing the statement of requirements, choosing a service provider and managing performance. Costs mainly arise from management and developer resources, project communication and travel and accommodation expenditures. The costs are frequently reduced using a set of mitigation tactics, such as employing managers with outsourcing experience, contract standardization, encouraging cultural exchange and an extensive use of mail, instant messaging, videoconferencing, and common network platforms. Based on the theoretical framework, our analysis and conclusion, we have condensed our findings into an easy-to-use four-step model for cost-effective small firm software offshore outsourcing.</p>
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Abbott, P. Y. "Proximity-based models of offshore software outsourcing : exploring the concept of location in nearshore and onshore software outsourcing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595321.
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The literature on offshore outsourcing (OSO) has focused mainly on countries with large software export markets, such as India, while neglecting other developing countries which apparently lack the resources thought necessary to succeed in software development. Globalisation is seen to offer an opportunity for the development of IT industries in these neglected contexts, however, mainly due to the prevalence of information and communication networks. With the ongoing debate on globalisation and its contested effects, though, it would seem important and timely to study OSO within such under-researched contexts. This thesis thus focuses on proximity-based models of offshore outsourcing, such as nearshore and onshore outsourcing, which represent arrangements that seek to exploit geographical closeness to the client. In promoting locational competitive advantage, they seek differentiation from traditional offshore models in temporal, spatial and cultural terms. As a means of examining these claims, this thesis will explore the themes of time, space, culture and distance in OSO. An exploratory approach was employed incorporating both survey and case study methodologies. Three groups of offshore software industry stakeholders were surveyed to provide a broad-based background to the study, while three specific cases of proximity outsourcing were investigated using interpretive methods. A grounded approach to theory was adopted using the concepts of time, space culture and distance as a guideline for analysis. The survey findings confirm an awareness by stakeholders of the significance of proximity, location and the persistence of cultural differences in OSO. The case results broadly reflect but also pose challenges to globalisation theories, such as increased economic and social integration, powerlessness of the state, economic development and the apparent irrelevance of space and time made possible by advances in IT. The thesis thus makes its contribution in both extending the debate on globalisation with respect of OSO in new contexts and adding to the under-researched area of spatio-temporal research in the IS field.
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Nadeem, Shehzad. "Dead ringers globalization and the paradoxes of development and identity /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3303720.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 13, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-236).
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DeHondt, Gerald R. II. "An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Offshore Systems Development." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1259462582.
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Mtango, Prosper. "Using Scrum in offshore software projects." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67518.
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Due to its growth at exponential rate offshore software development has become a common way of producing software by software organizations from highly industrialized countries in Europe and North America. Previous studies have revealed that some of these organizations use agile project management frameworks in managing and running their offshore software projects. Blending agile principles and offshore software development appears to raise a contradiction as the two notions have opposite characteristics. This research focuses the implementation of agile project management frameworks such as Scrum in offshore software projects. The research project was performed by reviewing relevant literature and analyzing the results obtained from the interviews conducted to Cambio Healthcare Systems AB, a Swedish software company that offshore its software projects with Creative Technologies Pty Ltd located in Sri Lanka. The interviews were conducted to Swedish based staff involved in offshore software projects with their Sri Lankan partners. The research findings indicate that offshore software development is a challenging business and requires close monitoring to minimize its challenges. Some of the challenges include dispersion, loss of communication richness and cultural differences between the parties involved. Moreover even though the agile project management frameworks and offshore software development principles differ in nature, the findings have revealed that software organizations such as Cambio make use of these differences to minimize the challenges they face in their respective offshore software projects. The main conclusions drawn from this research is that there is not much evidence that the application of agile project management frameworks such as Scrum is feasible enough to combat the challenges. This research suggests for further research studies to collect information from staff in both offshore and onshore sites in order to formulate enough evidence on whether to apply these strategies or not.
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Sulemani, Kashif Ali, and Muhammad Nadeem Nasir. "Communication Support to Scrum Methodology in Offshore Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2815.
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In today world, the software companies are expanded above the continents. The software development work span continents and the distributed team work together over the borders. The agile development methodology demands close collaboration with client, rapid requirements change and an iterative development of fixed length. When this way of agile approach is applied in a distributed project, it requires frequent communication and knowledge exchange among the dispersed team members and need collaboration with customer over distance. Besides the geographical, the linguistic and the different time zone barriers in a distributed project, the computer mediated tools suppose being useful media in connecting and to coordinating among dispersed colleague in a project. Though, these tools depict variant effectiveness in communication exchange, however, there efficient use connects peoples at the two sites. The aim of this thesis study is to explore the communication channel support to the Scrum practices in a distributed project. The purpose of the research is to analyse collaboration and communication in distributed teams working together through computer mediated technology. For this purpose, a company case is studied doing a distributed agile project. The author’s insight the communication and information exchange through the ICT in an agile project. Based on the case analysis, the authors suggest the recommendations for implementing and establishing agile practices in a distance project.<br>Mobil: +46700381303
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Rehman, Zia ur. "Overcoming Challenges of Requirements Elicitation in Offshore Software Development Projects." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1919.
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Context. Global Software Development (GSD) is the plan of action in which software development is performed under temporal, political, organizational and cultural boundaries. Offshore outsourced software development is the part of GSD, which refers to the transfer of certain software development activities to an external organization in another country. The primary factors driving offshore outsourced software development are low cost, access to a large pool of skilled laborers, increased productivity, high quality, market access and short development cycle. Requirements engineering (RE) and especially requirements elicitation is highly affected by the geographical distribution and multitude of stakeholders. Objectives. The goal of conducting this study is to explore the challenges and solutions associated with requirements elicitation phase during offshore software projects, both in research literature and in industrial practice. Moreover, this study examines that which of the challenges and practices reported in literature can be seen in industrial practice. This helped in finding out the similarities and differences between the state of art and state of practice. Methods. Data collection process has been done through systematic literature review (SLR) and web survey. SLR has been conducted using guidelines of Kitchenham and Charters. During SLR, The studies have been identified from the most reliable and authentic databases such as Compendex, Inspec (Engineering village) and Scopus. In the 2nd phase, survey has been conducted with 391 practitioners from various organizations involved in GSD projects. In the 3rd phase, qualitative comparative analysis has been applied as an analysis method. Results. In total 10 challenges and 45 solutions have been identified from SLR and survey. Through SLR, 8 challenges and 22 solutions have been identified. While through industrial survey, 2 additional challenges and 23 additional solutions have been identified. By analyzing the frequency of challenges, the most compelling challenges are communication, control and socio-cultural issues. Conclusions. The comparison between theory and practice explored the most compelling challenges and their associated solutions. It is concluded that socio-cultural awareness and proper communication between client and supplier organization’s personnel is paramount for successful requirements elicitation. The scarcity of research literature in this area suggests that more work needs to be done to explore some strategies to mitigate the impact of additional 2 challenges revealed through survey.<br>0046 707123094
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Omair, Muhammad. "Challenges in understanding software requirements in agile based offshore development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3740.
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Agile based development seems to become a favorable model for offshore development. It allows both on and offshore team to work in small iterations minimizing the effect of change in software requirements and at the same time developing regular communication between them. However different factors such as physical distance and lack of communication between on and offshore team becomes a hurdle between them leading to misunderstandings about software requirements. This research work gives an insight about these challenges from the software industry by presenting and discussing the responses of four software companies located in different countries, collected through an online questionnaire. The authors found that lack of communication between on and offshore site is seen as a major challenge for better understanding of software requirements. Shorter iterations at the offshore site require more communication with the onshore site. The language problem seems to exist only when both on and offshore site who are non-English speakers communicate in English. Regular long distance meetings would help in better understanding of software requirements. Previous domain and product knowledge is helpful in better understanding of software requirements. This research work would allow different stakeholders within agile based on/offshore setting to better understand these challenges and deal accordingly with them.
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Rave, Olaf, and Onur Piskin. "The way towards outsourcing success in start-ups : A multiple case study in Swedish software firms." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43928.
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Background: Sweden is the home to many successful startups. The lack of IT-developers causes companies to use offshore outsourcing to realize their ideas. In research, there are studies on what needs to be done to outsource successfully. Researchers and practitioners argue that different perspectives on the impact of success need to be considered. Many studies show that the quality of the partnership relationship between customer and supplier is essential for the success of an outsourcing project. However, there are little studies on how success in outsourcing for a start-up comes about in the pre start-up phase and from which factors this depends. Purpose: This research has the purpose to understand why software startups outsource offshore in the pre-startup phase and how success can be achieved in these outsourcing projects. The partnership relationship has an influence on the success of outsourcing and is influenced by several factors. This research aims to find critical success factors in the pre start-up phase for offshore outsourcing. Method: To find answers to our research questions a multiple case study within 9 Swedish start-ups was conducted. Therefore, we collected all data through semi-structured interviews based on an interview guide. The critical success factors in outsourcing in the pre start-up phase were analyzed using content analysis methods. Conclusion: Our results show that outsourcing was an essential business step for all the examined software start-ups in order to realize their idea. In most cases, tactical reasons like availability of resources and costs savings were why start-ups chose to outsource software development to a provider abroad. The quick confirmation of ideas was another important aspect for some start-ups: "fail fast and fail cheap". All investigated factors play a role in offshoring success, but communication, which directly influences trust, has the biggest influence on outsourcing success in the pre start-up phase of a firm. All other success factors influence the trust between client and vendor, which has a positive influence on the outsourcing success. It turns out that factors such as performance become more relevant in a more mature phase of the business.
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Wiener, Martin Amberg Michael. "Critical success factors of offshore software development projects the perspective of German-speaking companies /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231882.
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Kausar, M. "Distributed agile patterns : an approach to facilitate agile adoption in offshore software development." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46308/.
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Over a decade, companies have been using agile methods for the development of software. However with the increasing trends of offshore software development, companies are becoming more interested in using agile methods for such projects. While offshore development has several dynamic benefits such as cost reduction, flexibility, proximity to market, concentration on core processes and easy access to talent, they have introduced new challenges, such as trust, socio-cultural, communication and coordination, and knowledge transfer issues. These challenges not only affect the development process but also affect the applicability of agile practices in offshore development. As a consequence, companies have been modifying and adapting agile practices to overcome these challenges. However there has been little effort put to collect and document the common practices that have been used repeatedly to solve recurring problems in offshore development. Using the systematic literature review approach and applying customised search criteria based on the research questions, we identified and reviewed over 200 cases from literature. As part of this research we also conducted semi-structured interviews, in which we involved practicing professionals who were working with distributed teams. As a result, we identified and documented a number of solutions to address the common agile issues in software development, which we classified as distributed agile patterns. This research presents the challenges caused by offshore development, how they affect the applicability of agile practices in offshoring. We have then developed a catalogue containing the identified fifteen distributed agile patterns and have classified them into four categories. We have used a case study to explain how these patterns can be applied in offshore software development. To verify and validate our catalogue, we conducted a reflection workshop, in which we invited professionals to review and comment on the patterns. The participants engaged in reviewing the patterns and gave constructive feedback, which helped in improving the catalogue. Based on their feedback, the distributed agile patterns catalogue was finalised. The catalogue can help practitioners make a more informed decision while choosing agile for their offshore projects.
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FAROOQ, USMAN, and MUHAMMAD UMAR FAROOQ. "EXPLORING THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF APPLYING AGILE METHODS IN OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5551.
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Context: Global software development is the emerging trend in today’s world as it provides the software companies with certain advantages like access to skill and cheap labor, low development cost etc. There are also many challenges and risks involved in globally distributed software project as compare to co-located projects like communication, coordination and control etc. due to geographical separation. There is also a recent interest in applying agile methods in offshore projects in order to minimize certain offshore challenges. Agile methods in collocated environment demands high communication, coordination and collaboration between the team members. However implementing agile methods in distributed environment is beneficial and challenging too, because of inherited GSD challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully understand the benefits and challenges of applying agile methods in distributed project before actually initiating the development. Objectives: This research study aims to look at current empirical evidence regarding benefits and challenges of applying agile methods in offshore projects, in order to understand it properly. Furthermore, we have examined that which of the benefits and challenges reported in literature can be seen in practice. This helped us in finding out the similarities and differences between the benefits and challenges that are reported in literature and in practice. Methods: To fulfill our aims and objectives we have first conducted the detailed systematic review analysis of the empirical studies from year 2000-2010. The systematic review approach helped us to collect and summarize the empirical data available regarding the benefits and challenges of applying agile methods in offshore projects. The research studies were identified from the most authentic databases that are scientifically and technically peer reviewed such as Inspec and Compendex, IEEE Xplore, ACM digital library, Springer Link, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and Willey Inter Science Journal Finder. Furthermore, industrial survey was conducted in order to identify whether the benefits and challenges enlisted in literature can be confirmed by practitioners. This helped us in determining the similarities and differences between benefits and challenges that are reported in empirical literature and industrial survey. Results: From systematic review results, we have found the list of benefits and challenges of most applied agile practices such as daily scrum meetings, sprint planning meetings, sprint review meetings, retrospective meetings, pair programming, short release and on-site customer. The most common benefits related to above identified agile practices are early problem identification, project visibility, increase communication, coordination and collaboration, trust, clarification of work and requirements, early client feedback and customer satisfaction. Similarly the most common challenges associated with above identified agile practices are lack of linguistic skills, culture differences and temporal differences. From survey result, it was found that the majority of benefits and challenges identified through literature review are prevalent in software industries to some extent. We were able to identify the benefits and challenges of agile practices such as daily scrum, sprint planning meetings, sprint review, retrospective meetings and short release. The most common benefits of above identified agile practices highlighted by survey participants are project visibility, early problem identification, increase coordination, opportunity for knowledge sharing and transferring, immediate feedback from client, and opportunity for understanding the task properly. Similarly the most common challenges identified by survey participants are language problems, temporal difference and difficult to explain and understand problems or issues over communication technologies. However, there are certain challenges like trust and culture issues, which have received most attention in the empirical literature, but are not identified by majority of industry respondents. Conclusions: From the information attained so far regarding the benefits and challenges of agile methods in offshore projects, we observed that there is an emerging trend of using agile methods in offshore projects and practitioners actually found it beneficial. The benefits of agile practices does not achieve straightaway there are certain challenging factors of GSD too, which can restrict the implementation or make the methodology not useful such as communication, coordination and collaboration. These challenges are usually occurred due to geographical separation, lack of trust and linguistic skills, culture difference etc. The presented work add contribution in a sense as to the best of our knowledge no systematic review effort has been done in this area with specifically focuses on highlighting the benefits and challenges. From survey results we found that majority of benefits and challenges highlighted by survey participants are to some extent same with what we have already studied in literature. However there are certain important challenges which have received most attention in empirical literature but were less identified by the survey participants like trust issue and culture difference. The benefits and challenges identified through industrial survey do not add much information into our attention. This does not mean that all possible benefits and challenges of applying agile methods in offshore project have been explored. The responses which were received from industry practitioners were quite few to make any kind of arguments. There is a probability that we missed the important benefits and challenges related to particular agile practices during our industrial survey. Therefore we conclude that a much thorough and inclusive answers should be required to identify the benefits and challenges of applying agile methods in offshore projects.
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Strand, Johanna, and Shenner Kotlji. "An Evaluation of Sourcing Strategies’ Relationship with Software Development Project Performance." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19645.
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Background: The rapid improvement of technological infrastructure over the past three decades have led to increased connectivity and communication possibilities. This has allowed firms to develop sophisticated firm-specific governance structures with the use of different sourcing strategies. The main objectives have been to cut costs and gain competitive advantages by outsourcing activities offshore to developing countries or third-party vendors. The decision to outsource has its roots in the classical transaction cost theory and resource-based view. Some outsourcing partnerships have resulted in failures while others in success stories. The stories are evident in the software industry as the industry is highly susceptible to sourcing strategies, hence outsourcing is often used in global software development (GSD) projects. Firms engage in GSD with the ultimate goal of producing products faster, at a low-cost, and of high quality. In spite of this, GSD projects face huge challenges in terms of geographical-, temporal-, and cultural distances while the added complexity and issues associated with different sourcing strategies amplifies these challenges. The use of different sourcing strategies in GSD projects has not received as much attention as the debate about whether co-located or distributed teams perform better. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to explore how outsourcing, insourcing, and the combination of both in a co-located and distributed development setting relates to the software development project performance measured in terms of quality and productivity. The aim is to enrich and add to the scarce literature of global software development project performance in relation to sourcing strategies and when these are combined in projects. Method: In this thesis, we employed a case study at a software firm which engages in large-scale global software development projects. A total of 64 projects were selected for the study and data was collected primarily from archival documents where we made use of management documents and code databases. The data analysis was conducted using statistical tests in SPSS to investigate relationships and differences in quality and productivity for the four strategies. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant difference in quality among the sourcing strategies. Insourcing projects are associated with the highest quality followed by outsourcing projects and co-located mixed sourcing projects. Distributed mixed sourcing projects are generating the lowest quality. Although not statistically significant, distributed mixed sourcing projects are the most productive strategy followed by outsourcing projects, insourcing projects and lastly co-located mixed sourcing projects Conclusions: The recent trends in GSD which indicate that many companies turn back to insourcing after outsourcing is justified in our results as insourcing projects displays the highest quality. While outsourcing projects have been associated with poor quality and productivity, our findings suggest they are very competitive in terms of both. The mix of internal employees and third-party consultants in a co-located and distributed setting is associated with lower quality while poor productivity is only attributed to the co-located case.<br>Bakgrund: Teknikens framfart över de tre senaste decenierna har lett till ökade anslutnings- och kommunikationsmöjligheter. Detta har möjliggjort för företag att utveckla sofistikerade företagsspecifika stryelsestrukturer med använding av olika sourcing strategier. Det huvudsakliga målet med att outsourca olika aktiviteter till utvecklingsländer eller tredjepartsleverantörer har varit att minska kostnader och att erhålla konkrurrensfördelar. Belsutet om att outsourca aktiviteter i ett företag är resursbaserat och grundar sig i den klassiska transaktionskostnadsteorin och resursbaserade teorin (resource-based view). Somliga partnerskap har resulterat i misslyckanden, andra i framgångssagor. Många av dessa har åstadkommits inom mjukvaruindustrin då industrin är mottaglig för olika sourcing strategier, bland annat används outsourcing mycket i globala mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt. IT-företagen bedriver globala mjukvaruprojekt med de slutgiltliga målet att producera snabbare till ett lägre pris och en högre produktkvalitet. Trots detta uppstår ofta utmaningar när de gäller geografiska, tidsmässiga eller kulturella avstånd där nyttjandet av sourcing strategier adderar ytterligare ett lager av komplexitet. Majoriteten av uppmärksamhet har riktats mot hur samlokaliserade eller distrubuerade projekt presterar medan nyttjandet av sourcingstrategier i globala mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt har fått mindre uppmärksamhet. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur outsourcing, insourcing och en kombination av de två i en samlokaliserad eller distrubuerad miljö relaterar till mjukvaruutvecklingsprojkets prestanda i termer om produktivitet och kvalitet. Målet är att berika och addera kunskap till en knapp litteratur om prestanda för globala mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt med avseende på sourcing strategier när dessa tillämpas i en kombination. Metod. En fallstudie har bedrivits på ett mjukvaruutvecklingsföretag som arbetar med globala storskaliga mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt. Totalt har 64 projekts blivit utvalda, analyserade och grupperade i fyra olika sourcing strategier. Sekundärdata samlades primärt in från interna företagsarkiv såsom företagets interna databaser och projektledarverktyg. Intervjuer har också genomförts med två projektledare för att få en mer djupgående förståelse av projekten och för att välja ut projekten baserat på våra krav. Dataanalysen genomfördes via statistiska tester i SPSS. Resultat: Resultatet visade en signifikant skilland i kvalitet mellan sourcing strategierna. Insourcingprojekt visade sig bidra med högst kvalitet följt av outsourcing och mixad samlokaliserad sourcing projekt. Signifikat lägst kvalitet hade mixad distrubuerad sourcing. Trots icke-signifikanta resultat, visade det sig att produktiviteten var som högst i mixad distribuerad sourcing projekt följt av outsourcing, mixad samlokaliserade sourcing och insourcing projekt. Slutsats: De senaste trenderna inom global mjukvaruutveckling indikerar på att många företag återvänder till insourcing efter outsourcing är motiverade i vårt resultat eftersom insourcing projekt resulterar i högre kvalitet. Trots att outsourcingprojekt har förknippats med låg kvalitet och produktivitet tyder våra resultat på att de är mycket konkurrenskraftiga. Slutligen är mixen av internanställda och tredje part konsulter i en samlokaliserad och distrubuerad miljö förknippad med en sämre kvalitet, och i de samlokaliserade fallet även sämre produktivitet.
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Walter, Alexandre. "Success Factors in Leveraging Freelance Marketplaces in Software Development Projects." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26236.
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The purpose of this research is to explore project success factors and freelance marketplace characteristics that are critical to the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces, while identifying important metrics to measure the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces. This exploratory study is done from the point of view of the software development services buyer.
Three methodologies were developed for the purpose of this research. First, a methodology for the definition of the freelance marketplace concept and the delimitation of the field of study was followed. Second, a methodology for sourcing opinions from blogs and self-published articles was created to mine information to complement the scant specialized literature on the subject of freelance marketplace characteristics and freelance marketplace project success factors. Third, a survey methodology was used as the main data collection instrument.
The findings suggest that freelance marketplaces play the role of enabler of project success factors. The most important success factors are focused on product quality, project efficiency factors, cost control factors, and qualifications of the buyer. The most important metric to measure the success of software development projects on freelance marketplaces was quality in use.
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Buslovic, Maksim, and Samson Deribe. "A Multiple Case Study on Contradictions and Pre-conditions for Outsourcing Agile Software Development Projects." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81884.
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Title: A Multiple Case Study on Contradictions and Pre-conditions for Outsourcing Agile Software Development ProjectsAuthor: Maksim Buslovič & Samson DeribeSupervisor: Jonas SöderlundDate: May 30th, 2012Background: In today’s turbulent business environment organizational success depends on its ability to embrace change and adapt quickly. The ability to satisfy customer is core to profitability; thus being agile is a prominent factor, because customer expectations are never static. One of the project management methods which is quite popular in the software development are is Agile Method. Agile methods depart from the classical project approach as it emphasizes more on interaction among participant, short iteration and continuous feedback to embrace the continuously evolving customer requirements. However, implementing Agile methods in a distributed project work seems to be challenging, thus limiting projects to optimize form their distributed resource as well as external parties.Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to understand how Agile methods contradict with the Outsourcing practice, which ultimately lead to identifying the possibilities to successfully outsource project work based on Agile methods. In addition, the study aims in providing a good ground for future study in ‘Outsourcing within Agile Methods’ to fill the big theoretical gap identified in the area.Methodology: The thesis used a qualitative approach that intends to build theory through iteration by waving back and forth between data and literatures in an inductive manner. The research design was based on multiple case study that used five interviews and one direct observation as an instrument to collect primary data along with secondary data; all three together ensure proper triangulation resulting in higher research validity. Open coding system was used to analyze data; and findings were presented by tables, figures, models and direct quotations.Results: The study shows that values and principles of agile software development which gives much emphasis on proximity in order to have a daily stand-up meetings, visualizations, constant contact with customers and other team members, knowledge sharing and fun disappear when the project is involved in outsourcing partly the development process; because the need use more plans & documentation, clear contracts and less interaction implying a contradiction in both ‘Agile methods’ and ‘Outsourcing’ practices. However, the study identified preconditions that must be considered while involving in outsourcing part of Agile software development: Outsource only if the part to be outsourced is not related to core product; Put a complete team in a co-located manner; Minimize interdependence among distributed teams; and there should be enough time before delivering product to customers.
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Nardelli, Robert. "A Comparative Analysis of In-House and Offshore Software Development by Using Agile Methodologies at the Design/Code Phase of Software Development| An Empirical Study." Thesis, Pace University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13812486.
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<p> Offshoring software projects have been common for a few decades and were once thought to be the savior of software development project issues that plagued in-house software developers. Even with many recent advances in software development and communication, many projects are still compromised in some way. This dissertation analyzes in-house and offshore projects that were conducted using the waterfall methodology to determine the real source of the issues. The main hypothesis here is that by implementing agile, at least in part, at the design/code phase of software development will not only reduce or eliminate issues that were identified using waterfall but prove that development problems are independent of whether a project is developed offshore or in-house. This study also shows that, in addition to agile mitigating project issues at one phase of software development, project stakeholders are more comfortable, if they are in the process of migrating to agile development, by implementing agile initially at only one phase of the process.</p><p>
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Hammarin, Gabriella. "Effective Internal IT-development at Nordea Portfolio and Advisory Solutions Including Offshoring." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181364.
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Modern organizations within IT-developing needs to be prepared to face challengesthat are not necessarily connected to the mere technological aspects of softwares.These challenges might lie within e. g. communication between stakeholders, userinvolvement, organizational regulations, the need for standards and maintainability ofthe products. This study is investigating the software development at one of thevarious IT-departments at Swedish bank Nordea, in order to point out the mostinteresting areas of improvement. Many different tools, standards, organizationalprocesses and methodologies are available to the developers, whereof some of themmight be inhibitory rather than enhancing the effectiveness. Nordea is also having anoffshoring-oriented strategy, having development resources located in India. Thediscussion is concerned with modern methodologies such as Scrum and other agiledevelopment concepts, and their use in a geographically dispersed context and withina non-agile organization.
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Pereira, Fernando Nuno Albuquerque Figueiredo. "Outsourcing de desenvolvimento de aplicações: um modelo de maturidade de processos no contexto do sistema financeiro português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1300.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação<br>Apesar do papel de relevo que as questões do alinhamento entre SI/TI e negócio actualmente assumem, e do reconhecido papel que os projectos desempenham como forma privilegiada de concretização das estratégias organizativas, são várias as metodologias de melhoria de processos de gestão de projectos ou de desenvolvimento de aplicações, mas quase inexistentes as metodologias que abordem a eficiência e a eficácia dos projectos de uma organização de uma forma integrada. Tal implica que, os reais benefícios da adopção dessas metodologias, passam por um exigente trabalho prévio de selecção, configuração e compatibilização, para o qual a maioria das organizações não está preparada tanto em termos de tempo como de recursos. No sector financeiro português, o outsourcing de SI/TI é um recurso extensivamente usado, à medida que os ciclos de banalização das TI progridem, não existindo metodologias especificamente desenhadas para a avaliação conjunta do cliente e do fornecedor, no sentido de garantir a sua compatibilidade numa perspectiva de relacionamento a longo-prazo. O presente trabalho aborda estas questões, apresentando uma proposta de meta-modelo que integra um conjunto de boas-práticas, actividades e capacidades necessárias ao êxito, na contratação de serviços externos de desenvolvimento de aplicações com recurso à contratação externa de serviços.<br>Despite the relevance of alignment, between SI/TI and business, there are no methodologies dealing with efficiency and effectiveness in an integrated manner. As result, the organizational adoption of such methodologies needs a previous work of selection, customization and compatibility that organizations don't do, compromising the adoption benefits of such methodologies. For several years, the Portuguese financial institutions already used SI/TI outsourcing and, in short term, a significant number of them has plans for extend these agreements to software development, negotiating long term contracts, sometimes in off-shoring. Because software development is a critical, and intellectual asset based activity, it is important to know, the kind of capabilities that must be maintained internally, to conduct successful long-term relationships and capture the client expected value. In the present work I intent to develop a meta-model that deals with efficiency and effectiveness in outsourcing application developments projects, adapted to the Portuguese financial institutions needs and expectations.
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Grönvall, Anna. "A study of how DevOps can be adopted in offshore projects." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16769.
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Background: Organizations want to reach shorter development cycles to stay competitive, meanwhile, many organization wants to globalize their business to obtain benefits like reduced cost, get hold of specific talent or gain global presence. Typically in software development projects, there is a gap between development and operation resulting in a longer development cycle due to inferior communication and collaboration. DevOps is a framework that intends to reduce this gap with the purpose to reach shorter development cycles. However, currently, there is a lack of literature covering whether it is possible to adopt DevOps and keeping an offshore strategy. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to increase understanding about the use of DevOps in offshore projects. This increased understanding will be the start of filling the current gap in the literature about DevOps in distributed setups and form a basis for future research. The study aims to suggest how DevOps framework can bridge the gap between development and operation in offshore projects. Method: An exploratory case study was conducted and three different offshore projects, who had adopted DevOps, were investigated. In this study, 15 members from different projects were interviewed to find out how DevOps had been adopted in their projects. Based on a survey, a Social Network Analysis was conducted for each project with the purpose to identify communication patterns between members. Results: The result of this study provided information, specific to each project, about the setup, DevOps definition, and goal, DevOps practices as well as benefits and challenges with DevOps. Furthermore, the result presented information related to the performance of the project and, information about the collaboration, communication, and trust within the project. Conclusion: This study presented four possible distribution possibilities of DevOps in an offshore project and suggested different ways to manage the work roles when adopting DevOps. The study indicates that DevOps can be adopted in an offshore project in order to decrease the gap between development and operation by considering three perspectives; roles and responsibility, automated workflow and DevOps practices, and knowledge sharing Delimitations: This study is limited to only investigate projects from one company. Furthermore, the scope of this study does not include any economic aspects.
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Acharya, Mod Nath, and Nazam Aslam. "Coordination in Global Software Development : Challenges, associated threats, and mitigating practices." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6054.
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Global Software Development (GSD) is an emerging trend in today's software world in which teams are geographically dispersed, either in close proximity or globally. GSD provides certain advantages to development companies like low development cost, access to cheap and skilled labour etc. This type of development is noted as a more risky and challenging as compared to projects developed with teams under same roof. Inherently the nature of GSD projects are cooperative in which many software developers work on a common project, share information and coordinate activities. Coordination is a fundamental part of software development. GSD comprises different types of development systems i.e. insourcing, outsourcing, nearshoring, or farshoring, whatever the types of development systems selected by a company there exist the challenges to coordination. Therefore the knowledge of potential challenges, associated threats to coordination and practices to mitigate them plays a vital role for running a successful global project.
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Salman, Rosine Hanna. "Exploring Capability Maturity Models and Relevant Practices as Solutions Addressing IT Service Offshoring Project Issues." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1843.
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Western countries' information technology and software intensive firms are increasingly producing software and IT services in developing countries. With this swift advancement in offshoring, there are many issues that can be investigated which will enable companies to maximize their benefits from offshoring. However, significant challenges can occur throughout the lifecycle of offshoring IT service projects that turn the potential benefits into losses. This research investigated CMM/CMMI best practices and their effects on managing and mitigating critical issues associated with offshore development.
Using a web based survey, data was collected from 451 Information Technology and software development firms in the US. The survey instrument was validated by an expert panel which included practitioners and researchers. The survey population consisted of Information Technology and software engineering managers who work on offshore IT and software development projects. Statistical methods including Chi Square and Cramer's V were used to test the research hypotheses.
The results of the analysis show that IT companies applying CMM/CMMI models have fewer issues associated with IT offshoring. When US IT companies utilize and incorporate different practices from TSP and People CMM into CMMI for DEV/SVC and CMMI for ACQ, they have fewer offshoring issues related to language barriers and cultural differences.
The results of this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the offshoring of IT services from the client management perspective and provide practitioners with increased knowledge regarding IT offshoring decisions.
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Laranjeira, Rui Manuel Dias. "Terceirização de desenvolvimento de software e modelos de contratação." Escola de Administração, 2012. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/24004.
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Rui Manuel Dias Laranjeira.pdf: 1603621 bytes, checksum: 0f38b0b476199df5114e54d0bc0e6082 (MD5)<br>A difusão da terceirização de projetos de desenvolvimento de software nas organizações acarretou em dúvidas com relação a quais projetos podem ser terceirizados e quais devem ser desenvolvidos com equipe interna, pois os projetos críticos devem responder a vários requisitos, como: garantia de sigilo, qualidade, prazo, dentre outros, e que também podem não ser totalmente atendidos com a terceirização. O presente trabalho se posiciona neste cenário e nas diferentes formas de se trabalhar a terceirização nas organizações, mais especificamente na área de desenvolvimento de software, tendo como objetivo identificar como este processo de terceirização de TI influencia na utilização dos modelos de contratação de serviços. Foi realizado um estudo de caso envolvendo uma das Unidades da FIOCRUZ. A coleta de dados foi realizada com o gerente de TI da Unidade pesquisada, através de entrevista semiestruturada e com os restantes membros da equipe de desenvolvimento através de um questionário online. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que um processo de terceirização de desenvolvimento de software mais bem estruturado pode influenciar na utilização de um modelo de contratação mais avançado. Ao longo das etapas que compõem o processo de terceirização, observaram-se algumas características que podem exercer de forma mais clara essa influência, como: os objetivos a serem alcançados através da terceirização, os critérios utilizados na escolha do fornecedor, a forma de transição dos serviços e a utilização de métodos de gerenciamento. Constatou-se que a utilização de um modelo de contratação também poderá influenciar a forma como o processo de terceirização é desenvolvido, exigindo ou não uma maior formalização e organização.
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Ristov, Boris, and Taavi Rahnel. "Appar eller ej inom Fleet Management-området : Organisatoriska och tekniska utmaningar vid apputveckling." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93736.
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En trend i den teknologiska utvecklingen på senare tid har varit att skapa en ökad rörlighet hos användaren. En bidragande faktor till detta är den snabba förbättringstakten hos de smartphones som i större utsträckning har funktionalitet som tidigare endast datorer hade. Detta har i sin tur förändrat de förväntningar slutanvändarna har på tjänsters tillgänglighet, vilket har lett till att produktiva mobila applikationer, appar, har funnit sin plats i vardagen. Denna studie är genomförd på Scanias Fleet Management-avdelning som erbjuder en webbaserad tjänst där åkerier kan administrera, övervaka och följa upp sina fordonsflottor. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om en förlängning av Scanias existerande webbtjänst till den mobila sfären är rätt steg att ta och vilka organisatoriska och tekniska utmaningar en ingång inom apputveckling ger upphov till. För att bemöta denna problematik har en omfattande kvalitativ undersökning genomförts där tre huvudgrupper av respondenter har intervjuats: jämförbara företag som har ställts inför liknande utmaningar, apputvecklingsföretag som har förståelse för appområdet samt Fleet Management-tjänstens existerande användare. Dessutom har en undersökning av potentiella tekniska utmaningar vid apputveckling gjorts genom framtagning av en prototyp i form av en app. Den genomförda undersökningen har, i kombination med studiens teoretiska referensram, lett till rekommendationer om hur man bör bemöta steget till de mobila enheterna. Denna studie visar på att det är lämpligt att anamma denna teknologiska trend då de positiva effekterna av en app väger upp kostnaderna. Apputveckling kräver ett tillvägagångssätt som skiljer sig från klassisk mjukvaruutveckling då slutanvändarens roll är mycket viktig under hela utvecklingsprocessen samt att en teknisk specialistkompetens behövs. En starkt iterativ utvecklingsprocess förutsätts och en proaktiv utvecklingsfilosofi krävs då tekniska förändringar inom smartphone-världen sker med stormsteg.<br>A recent trend in the technological evolution has been to increase the mobility of the end-user. A contributing factor is the fast rate of improvement in the smartphone area. This, in turn, has changed the expectations end-users have on the availability of services, which has allowed mobile applications, apps, to find their place in everyday life. This study has been conducted at Scania’s Fleet Management department that offers a web-based service where haulage contractors can administer, monitor and follow up on their vehicle fleets. The purpose of this study was to investigate if Scania’s existing web service should be extended into the mobile area, and if so, what organizational and technical challenges app development imposes. To address this problem, a qualitative investigation was carried out with three main groups of respondents: comparable companies that have faced similar challenges, app development companies and the current users of the Fleet Management service. Additionally, a prototype application was developed to investigate the potential technical challenges that may occur. Combined with a theoretical framework the conducted research has led to recommendations on how to best take the step into the field of mobile devices. This study shows that it is advisable to adopt the mobile technological trend since the positive effects of an app outweigh the potential costs. The technical changes within the field of smartphones occur at a rapid rate, which requires special technical skills. The development also requires iterative development methods where the end-user is included throughout the whole process.
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Mathrani, Anuradha. "Key success drivers in offshore software development : New Zealand and Indian vendors' perspectives : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology at Massey University, Albany campus, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/903.
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Offshore software development (OSD) is a leading business sector in the present ‘glocal’ IT marketplace, and vendors in different countries are opening software development centres worldwide to take advantage of the new business opportunities. However, software development is both a technical and a social process as various software modules need to be integrated, which requires ongoing interaction between the stakeholders. The software modules rely upon local knowledge regarding customer wants, project specific features, chosen design methodologies by development team members and synchronisation of activities to confirm the next design iteration. This study focuses on knowledge sharing processes involving the interplay between acquiring local knowledge and applying the knowledge acquired into the design of the client-specific software builds. New knowledge is created as new processes are applied and new outcomes realised, resulting in re-definition of software development practices. Building on existing theories with empirical case study evidence, this research reveals the socio-technical influences on knowledge management in the OSD process. Ideographic research methods have been applied to bring sensitivity in the everyday organisational activities for knowledge sharing across diverse social and cultural groups within two country contexts (New Zealand and India). Empirical data from ten case studies is used to inductively develop a conceptual framework, which has been applied to make within case and cross case comparisons across three levels of analysis (micro, meso and macro) for knowledge sharing. The micro level analysis explores individual key success drivers (behaviours and methodologies), the meso level explores organisational level practices (work processes and structures) and the macro level gives a holistic evaluation across two country contexts. Country contexts reveal that New Zealand vendors share closer cultural proximity with their clients, are engaged in client facing skills and have further outsourced software development tasks to other low cost countries. The Indian vendors are involved in software construction, prefer technical specialist skills and have defined more discipline in their software development processes. The thesis offers new insights on how vendors’ shape their software development styles based upon their beliefs and understanding of the offshore market and is especially relevant to both vendors and clients who intend venturing into the offshore market.
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Huang, Hsiao-Yun, and 黃曉芸. "The determinants of offshore outsourcing into China for Taiwan software industry." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82762411927637750449.
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Hsiao, Wan Ting, and 蕭琬婷. "The Case Study of Risk Factors of Software System Project Using Offshore Outsourcing." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/597a3z.
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碩士<br>世新大學<br>資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)<br>96<br>Due to the rapid development of information technology, the trend of globalization is making that many companies constantly cross boundaries to develop the overseas markets. To face the competition pressure of running the international business, if the companies want to progress smoothly and faster, they need information systems' supports definitely. That is why they need to create the software projects, and the required systems are more than before. To consider the cost, quality and technology issues of the software projects, the offshore outsourcing businesses have been growth industry nowadays.
The relevant research documents of offshore outsourcing software projects are still limited in Taiwan currently, but many international research reports show that the trend of using offshore outsourcing will keep growing in the future. This research tried to probe into the related offshore outsourcing risks that the each company concern. Firstly, tried to collect many research documents of software project risks and offshore outsourcing risks. Defining different aspects and agenda, and through depth interview with the experts, who have lots of experiences of managing software offshore outsourcing projects in Taiwan financial industry or offshore outsourcing service providers, to research what risks they concern or what risks they were/are facing. After then, using grounded theory to analyze the interview contents to generate valuable suggestion report for the relevant companies.
After the analysis, the research found that about the related risk factors, no special difference between the primary companies and the offshore outsourcing service providers. And it also found that the culture topic, which was everyone talked about before, is not an important risk nowadays. The research analysis found the important risks are Currency exchange, Budget estimation and management, The conflict of development standards, Staff experience, Project management experience, Unclear role and responsibility definition, Requirements keep changing, Resource overuse, Executives' experience, Clients' maturity, Languages, Training learning curve, Poor communication, Border tensions between countries.
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Liang, Ya-Ching, and 梁雅菁. "The Pricing Process Model for Software Development Outsourcing." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47845948396049064633.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>資訊管理系<br>92<br>With the progress of information technology, the services provided by government organizations are getting more diversified and also in urgent needs. In order to efficiently utilize limited manpower and funds, the outsourcing for information services in government organizations is an ongoing trend. Within the plan activities for the software development outsourcing, budgeting and pricing are very important in affecting the quality of the final software product. Therefore, the rationality of the outsourcing price for the software development project must be further researched.
There are some problems and limitations existed in the current domestic pricing methods or models for the government’s software development outsourcing project. Thus, the purpose of this study is proposing a pricing process model for software development outsourcing in domestic software industry. The key point in the proposed outsourcing pricing process model is that the government organization must first measure the functional size of the outsourcing software development project and the influence of cost drivers, and then accordingly build a parametric prediction model which generates rational estimates of the required effort, cost and schedule. As the software development outsourcing project is contracted with more rational price, the quality of the final software project can be further ensured.
This study also investigated if the estimation equations and weights of cost drivers in COCOMO II are suitable in use in domestic software industry. By setting up a questionnaire investigation websites and further analyzing the collected 24 valid responses, this study found significant differences in the domestic 24 experts’ subjective estimates. Likewise, the significant variation was also existed between the domestic experts’ estimates and the results derived from the COCOMO II model. Thus, these findings demonstrate the necessity to establish the tailored domestic software project estimation model for the software project outsourcing.
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Chiang, Ya-Chun, and 江雅淳. "Research on Critical Successful Factors for Software Application Development Outsourcing – Financial Industry." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65046828561349928062.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>資訊管理學系研究所<br>92<br>There are great demands of today financial industry to achieve flexibility and growth by integrating new, innovative solutions with existing IT landscapes. Due to the economic climate that has prevailed over the past 18 months, outsourcing, in its different shapes and forms, has once again been gaining strategic significance in the financial services industry. Through literature research, we have found it is important to understand how to leverage application development outsourcing well in order to successful deliver the expected benefits.
In this research, we have proposed using interview, literature search, practical empirical working experience as a basis for the methodology. We have interviewed senior managers of three major banks in Taiwan, on their applications on mainframe, midsize systems, and process management experience, and based on Outsourcing value-added method of Wu, and “Method for different outsourcing successful factors for the life cycle of several industries” of Chun & Wu, etc. to derive initial critical successful factors (CSFs). We then collect knowledge of 26 success and failure outsourcing business cases, perform analysis and knowledge extraction based on xxxx “comparison method” to conclude the critical successful factors for this research.
From this research, we have found that the support from upper management to application development outsourcing is the most important. Due to their attention, many banks do provide training and education to their employees of the importance of leveraging outsourcing resource and how to perform a project teaming and management based on resources from internal employees, outside vendors, and contract employees. The important factors for teaming effort including, people communication, commitment, responsibility and working attitude, financial legal regulation, knowledge management and sharing, project management capability, human factors and relationship.
Another factor is on the attention to the details of the development life cycle management to ensure its feasibility for requirement, completeness for clearance, and professionalism for outsourcing project management and knowledge. At the initial stage for team formation, it is important to describe the details of work breakdown structures and working products with the responsible person assigned. During the process of RFI, RFP, open bid process, vendor selection, price and contract negotiation, contract responsibility details, both sides need to pay attention of clear specification of responsibility, mutual respects of professional judgment, potential changes and risk management, deliverables, and after services and support. At every stage of the project, periodical checking on progress, difficulties, changes, progress stages and tracking, and early warming system, etc. are important to the success for project management. Individual team member’s professional capability, communication skills, and initiative and working attitude are also the important factors for the successful factors. The last payment term can be an important factor too. This can be the unique situation in Taiwan. Some vendors would rather forfeit the last payment, but not finish the last commitment of deliverables or future supports. So sometime, keep a larger portion of the last payment can be a good resort to ensure long-term supports from vendors.
In conclusion, we have found that vendor’s attitude on service ability and customer relationship management, application owner’s commitment to collaborate and timing support, maturity of supporting open-system based banking application, infrastructure for knowledge sharing among the project team members are the most important successful factors for the software development outsourcing. We do strongly recommend the leverage of outsourcing as a mean for the speedy improvement of new banking business process and innovative product creations for financial industry.
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Huang, Chaoyi, and 黃釗熠. "Considering development methods on offshore software development performance: from work dispersion and requirements change perspective." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53388207139966927892.
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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>98<br>Affected by globalization, software development activities have transferred to developing country. On the other hand, driven by turbulent business environments, software development methods have become more flexible like agile method. However, work dispersion derived from offshore software development has negative impact on performance. Besides, offshore environments have conflict with agile method in some aspect. There is a need to know the fit of between development methods and offshore modes. This research view development methods as a continuous spectrum, consisting of plan-driven, risk-driven and agile methods, and will probe which part of the spectrum perform better in offshore context and can alleviate the negative work dispersion effect on performance. The result shows that software development spectrum and offshore software development performance have curvilinear relationship. Work dispersion has negative impact on agile method, while requirements change has negative impact on plan-driven part. We’ll conclude from work dispersion and requirements change perspective, discussing how should practitioners conduct offshore project in different situations respectively.
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Wang, Shih Ching, and 王世慶. "Enhance the Quality of Enterprise Software Development Outsourcing Program - A Study of T Telecom Company." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63995373408070725731.
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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>管理學院碩士學位學程在職專班經營管理組<br>98<br>In order to save cost requirements of hiring a chief staff T Telecom Company IT departments have adopted for software development outsourcing human way, in response to manpower shortage, saving development costs and system integration, to cope with changes in the market to increase revenues and develop more of the marketing system. Although the software development outsourcing strategies for IT human resources departments to reduce development time, but also give rise to other problems, such as software quality varies greatly, transportation difficulties in follow-on peacekeeping operation there is no uniform interface, the system difficult to be held responsible if a problem occurs, increase personal information leakage risk and so on, need to seek ways of improvement.
This study starts with an interview and a questionnaire survey with related employees on software development outsourcing’s execution process, methods and results. Collected data are analyzed by Fishbone Diagram and selecting the most effective actions that deliver a maximal improvement on current status in a short term.
This study identifies six vital causes as below.
(1) Management aspect – The vital causes are “unideal working environment” and “careless handover”.
(2) Corporate culture – The vital cause is “unfamiliarization with corporate operation”.
(3) Professional ability – The vital causes are “lack of on-job training”, “lack of profound understanding in Telecom industry”, and “lack of information security awareness”.
(4) Staff – The vital cause is “unaggressive attitude”.
(5) Communication – The vital causes are “unclear demand” and “high-frequency on demand adjustment”
(6) Development process – The vital cause is “lack of program coding standards”
Proposed solving actions begins with “unclear demand”, “unideal working environment”, “careless handover”, “unaggressive attitude” , and “high-frequency on demand adjustment”. Moreover, review items of lifting working quality on software development outsourcing quarter by quarter.
This study anticipates lifting the case company’s user departments’ overall satisfaction, advancing Information Technology Division’s image, and facilitating outsourcing employees’ morale. Consequently, Information Technology Division may improve its software development execution process and working environment, increase on-job training opportunities, implement precise hand-over process, build aggressive working attitude among employees, and lift software quality. Then, Sales & Marketing related departments may smoothly proceed with their business to increase corporate revenue.
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Wen, Yu-Chin, and 溫玉琴. "The critical success factors of the software development and maintenance in the information outsourcing of our government." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46144959936466555004.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>EMBA高階經營碩士在職專班<br>99<br>In order to realize the importance of software development and maintenance in the information outsourcing of our government, by checking the statistical data of the relative government reports, we found that whether the processes of the software development and maintenance go smooth or not will greatly impact the consequence of the information outsourcing of our government. Therefore, this research is to find out the critical success factors of software development and maintenance in the information outsourcing of our government.
This research wishes to fulfill the following missions:
1.Since the government budget is restricted, we would like to use the budget in the most efficient way and also avoid waste.
2.Find solutions to the situations if the contract is terminated or the software companies are not continuing to cooperate with our government.
3.To offer some suggestions to the people working in the information department of our government.
We found six critical success factors from our research in our three cases:
1.The organization can get new technology and reduces the risk of lacking technology and getting critical technology by information outsourcing.
2.Whether the organization is satisfied in the consequences and the interests of the outsourcing or not.
3.Whether the information offered from the outsourcing are correct, and whether the application system can meet the needs of the users in their daily work or not.
4.Whether the organization can save manpower by the process of the outsourcing or not.
5.Whether the management of the outsourcing is appropriate , and whether the contents in the contract is strictly executed.
6.Whether the relationship between the organization and the software company is fine, if they have been cooperated for a long time,the probability of success is even larger.
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LIN, YU-JIE, and 林于桔. "An Action Research on Applying Agile Development Method to Software Project Management: Taking an Organization's Outsourcing Development Project as an Example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t8z2r2.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士在職專班<br>107<br>Wang(2012) suggests that when adopted an agile development methodology, usually an outsourced project will fix time and price but leave the scope of the project flexible. This will cause the failure of an outsourced project. This study investigated how can an outsourced project successfully adopted agile development methodology.
This study conducts an action research on a public sector outsourcing project. Initially seven problems were identified: "a huge requirement gap between both sides", "no team spirit", "poor communication", "the progress of the project is seriously behind and the management is not transparent", "test without standardized criteria", "lack of a version control process", and "deploy system without quality control". Eight improvement objectives were established: "bridging the gap between both sides", "building agile team spirit and protocols to work together", "establishing communication mechanisms", "keep up with the project progress" , "making management more transparent", "developing standardized criteria for testing", "establishing a version control process", and "controlling quality before deployment". Afterwards, seven action plans were carried out and all the details for these actions were recorded.
This study found that in outsourcing projects the Product Owner is the key role to the success for Scrum projects. When the Product Owner doesn’t play his/her role, the project will be carried out based on contract without any flexibility. When there is a need to change requirements in a short period of time or in a large scale, the development team will refuse to accept all the requirement changes. There is no benefit to adopt an agile development methodology.
This study also found that under fixed contract, both the contractor and outsourcer have to form a consensus to work together. Otherwise, the project may not be able to success.
Finally, this study found that when adopting agile development methodology, the team should focus on a main objective: establishing a common agile team spirit and values and establishing communication mechanisms based on team and project characteristics. When speeding up and getting productive, the development team will eventually adopt appropriate tools and practices for software quality.