Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Offshore programs'

Coral reef communities are currently threatened by a variety of stressors. One direct and visible impact is physical damage from anthropogenic sources such as vessel anchors, recreational SCUBA divers, snorkelers, and debris. To lesson the impact of anchors on reefs, many coastal nations around the world have installed public mooring systems for use by small commercial and recreational vessel (typically less than 15 m in length). This thesis reviews current international mooring programs and assesses the impact of mooring use on reefs offshore Broward County, FL. Details of existing mooring programs, such as costs, maintenance schedules, and effectiveness in meeting program goals, is not readily available to coral reef managers. In this study a questionnaire was distributed to obtain information about mooring programs worldwide. The 41 questionnaire respondents indicated that there is variability in operating and maintenance procedures. The vast majority of respondents viewed moorings as an effective and/or important management tool. Mooring programs are used to achieve a variety of management goals, often with the aid of additional regulations. Additional research is needed to determine if mooring programs are able to achieve the primary goal, as defined by the questionnaire respondents, of reducing anchor damage on coral reefs. In this study, observations were conducted to determine mooring use offshore Broward County, Florida, USA. The majority of surveyed moored vessels were between 16 and 35 ft (4.8 and 10.6 m) in length. When all mooring site observations are pooled, SCUBA divers slightly outnumbered fishers as the primary users of the moorings; however, at some mooring sites fishing was more common than diving. Vessels were observed anchoring in the vicinity of the moorings even when moorings were available. Boater use patterns can aid in efficiently managing mooring maintenance and future resource management recommendations which may include additional regulations surrounding mooring use. The effect of mooring use on coral reefs offshore Broward County, Florida, USA, was assessed through 20 m x 1.5 m belt quadrat transects. Three major groups of coral reef sessile organisms were surveyed: stony corals (Scleractinia), octocorals (Octocorallia), and sponges (Porifera). In total, 19 transects were sampled at mooring sites and 17 transects were sampled at adjacent, non-mooring reef sites. Sessile organisms located in the mooring transects did not show a significant difference in damage or number of unattached organisms when compared to nearby areas without moorings. Reef at mooring sites have a greater amount of debris than areas with no moorings. A comparison of the sessile communities at individual mooring sites indicated that the mooring site that was most heavily utilized by fishers had a greater amount of damaged octocorals and debris than the other mooring sites. Based on this study, moorings are having no effect on sessile organisms at the current level of use in Broward County. Although I was unable to measure an effect, I believe moorings to be a useful management tool. The presence of moorings has prevented thousands of anchor drops and I believe that if regulations are enacted to reduce the number of vessels anchoring near the moorings in Broward that the moorings could have a positive impact on the coral reef community.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-104).
The objective of this thesis is to examine trends in Offshore Support Vessel (OSV) design and determine the future characteristics of OSVs based on industry insight and supply chain models. Specifically, this thesis focuses on Platform Supply Vessels (PSVs) and the advantages of certain design characteristics are analyzed by modeling representative offshore exploration and production scenarios and selecting support vessels to minimize costs while meeting supply requirements. A review of current industry practices and literature suggests that offshore exploration and production activities will move into deeper water further from shore and as a result supply requirements will increase significantly. A review of the current fleet and orderbook reveal an aging fleet of traditional vessels with little deepwater capabilities and a growing, young fleet of advanced vessels capable of deepwater support. A single-vessel supply chain analysis shows that traditional vessels outperform larger vessels for shallow-water resupply activities, while modern vessels and vessels significantly larger than modern vessels are more cost-effective for deepwater operations. As offshore oilfield supply is more complicated than a single vessel supplying a single platform, we develop a mixed integer linear program model of the fleet selection process and implement it on representative offshore exploration and production scenarios. The model is used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of representative vessels and the value of flexibility in vessel design for the oilfield operator. Incorporating industry insight into the results from the supply chain analyses, this study concludes that a) offshore exploration and production will move further offshore into deeper water, b) OSVs will become significantly larger both in response to the increased cargo need as well as to meet upcoming regulations, c) crew transfer will continue to be done primarily by helicopter, d) OSVs will become significantly more fuel efficient, e) high-specification, flexible OSV designs will continue to be built, and f) major oil companies will focus on safety and redundancy in OSV designs.
by Robin Sebastian Koske Rose.
S.M.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76).
Access to straightforward yet robust tools to quantify the impact of renewable energy resources on air emissions from fossil fuel power plants is important to governments aiming to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gases at least cost. It is also important to renewable energy developers seeking to gather support and facilitate permitting of their projects. Due to the inherent complexities of the electric power system, it is difficult to determine the effects of renewable energy generators on emissions from fossil fuel power plants. Additionally, because there are a variety of methods for calculating "avoided emissions," which differ in complexity and transparency, and which provide dissimilar results, there remains uncertainty in estimating avoided emissions. Guidance from government authorities on which method to use is too flexible to provide a robust framework to enable decision makers to evaluate environmental solutions. This thesis informs decision making first by highlighting important issues to consider when analyzing the impact of renewable energy resources on emissions, then by reviewing current guidance on the matter, and finally by comparing existing methods of calculating avoided emissions. Several methods are further evaluated by applying them to potential offshore wind energy resources in New England, including the proposed Cape Wind project.
(cont.) This analysis suggests that the potential avoided emissions of the Cape Wind project are significant, though lower than previously stated by the project developers and supporters. The usefulness of the available literature on calculating avoided emissions suggests that governments and electric industry analysts should continue to share information on different methods and work together to revise the current guidance. To further increase analytical capacity, government agencies should collect, organize, and disseminate more data on the electricity system including power plant operations and emissions. The ability to accurately quantify avoided emissions will help policymakers design programs with the right incentives to reduce emissions from power plants and will enable them to describe the environmental benefits of doing so. To facilitate development of clean energy resources, it is proposed that more weight is given to environmental benefits such as avoided emissions in environmental impact assessments. To assist in reducing emissions, it is recommended that renewable energy and energy efficiency resources are allowed to participate more directly in emissions markets.
by Michael Peter Berlinski.
S.M.

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-61).
Pile driving has been of interest to geotechnical engineers for a very long time. Originally, empirical pile driving formulae were used to interpret pile displacements caused by a hammer blow. Smith (1960) proposed a numerical solution for wave propagation in an elastic pile using a finite difference scheme, with lumped mass representation and simple rheological laws for pile-soil interaction. Since then, many significant parameters affecting pile driving have been included in the wave equation analysis. The offshore industry finds much application of pile driving analysis, especially after recent developments in instrumentation and electronic computational tools. Positioning of wind farms offshore and designing a foundation for a floating platform is a challenge to geotechnical engineers. One of the methods to anchor the floating platform is to tether it down to the seabed with help of driven piles. This thesis considers a typical offshore site for designing a driven pile for floating wind farm. The Author has carried out a set of numerical simulations to analyze pile driving at this site using a commercial program (GRLWEAP), and illustrates how this program can be used in pile design.
by Siddharth Chauhan.
M.Eng.

Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 109).
This thesis uses Dr. Leveson's Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) model of accident causation to analyze a collision in late July 2014 between two Offshore Supply Vessels equipped with software-intensive Dynamic Positioning Systems. The Causal Analysis based on STAMP (CAST) is compared with the Root Cause Analysis, a traditional chain of events based model, used by the original investigation team after the collision. Linear chain of event models like the Root Cause Analysis often look for a broken component or incorrect action within the proximal sequence of events leading to the accident. CAST examines a system's entire safety control structure to assess why the system constraints, control loops, and process models were either inadequate or flawed. This thesis aims at identifying how the safety control structure of the Offshore Supply Vessel operations could be improved by identifying the systemic factors and component interactions that contributed to the collision. The primary objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the use of a systems theory-based accident analysis technique in analyzing a complex accident. The secondary objective of this thesis is to compare and contrast the outcomes of the Root Cause Analysis conducted by the Navy Programs organization, with the findings of the CAST analysis. Finally, this thesis examines STAMP's underlying new assumptions regarding the need for new safety analysis in the context of the findings from the CAST analysis of the collision.
by John Michael Mackovjak.
S.M. in Technology and Policy

Orientador: Andre Tosi Furtado
Tese (doutorado) - Univesidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo os programas tecnológicos offshore da PETROBRÁS. O expressivo crescimento da produção de petróleo no Brasil, nas últimas décadas, está relacionado ao aproveitamento de campos marítimos gigantes. Estas iniciativas vêm sendo viabilizadas devido ao desenvolvimento tecnológico realizado pela PETROBRÁS, através de programas de pesquisa. A descoberta de jazidas marítimas gigantes na bacia de Campos aumentou as atividades de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D), culminando com a constituição dos programas tecnológicos da PETROBRÁS (PROCAP 1000). Através de uma amostra de projetos de pesquisa do PROCAP 1000, apresento os resultados alcançados pelo processo de aprendizagem da companhia. As atividades crescentes em águas profundas, associadas aos ganhos obtidos pelo PROCAP 1000, deram origem ao segundo programa (PROCAP 2000). A conclusão da pesquisa destaca como o PROCAP 1000 e o PROCAP 2000 apresentam mudanças em relação ao processo de aprendizagem da PETROBRÁS. A passagem do primeiro para o segundo programa revela novo padrão de desenvolvimento tecnológico, mais interativo e voltado para a fronteira do conhecimento. O argumento central deste trabalho de tese é demonstrar o surgimento desse novo padrão de desenvolvimento tecnológico na PETROBRÁS
Abstract: This thesis aims showing PETROBRAS offshore technological programs. The remarkable growth of oil production in the last decades in Brasil is connected with the skilled extraction at large sea fields. These initiatives have been possible due to the technological development being carried on by PETROBRAS through research programs. The discovery of large sea oil fields in Bacia de Campos encouraged the activities of Research and Development (R&D), culminating in the start up of PETROBRAS technological programs (PROCAP 1000). Using a sample of research projects of PROCAP 1000 it is presented the results obtained through the leaming process of the company. The growth of activities in deep water, together with the gains from the PROCAP 1000 originated the PROCAP 2000. The conclusion of the research shows how the PROCAP 1000 and PROCAP 2000 caused changes in the PETROBRAS learning process. The shift from the first to the second level reveals a new pattem of technological development, more interactive and towards the frontier of knowledge. The central theme of this thesis is to demonstrate the implementation of this of the new technological pattem developed in PETROBRAS
Doutorado
Politica Energetica
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Este trabalho visa a determinação numérico-experimental de propriedades hidrodinâmicos em um cilindro de seção circular parcialmente submerso. A solução numérica do problema foi desenvolvida através do método dos painéis, o qual foi programado no pacote MATLAB®, sendo que o modelo do cilindro é excitado segundo os parâmetros de onda registrados a partir do ensaio de arrasto do cilindro, possibilitando a determinação da massa adicional e amortecimento hidrodinâmico. O desenvolvimento experimental foi efetivado através de ensaios em tanque de testes, com o uso de um carro de arrasto, tendo sido utilizado um sistema PIV (Particle Imagem Velocimetry) para mapear a não ocorrência da formação de vórtices na superfície submersa do cilindro. O cilindro foi fixado na base do carro, através de uma haste, na posição vertical, permanecendo parcialmente submerso nos ensaios de movimento oscilatório, com frequência e deslocamento longitudinal definidos. Nos ensaios, o conjunto de sensores no sistema detectou as variáveis de aceleração e carregamento na haste de sustentação do cilindro, deslocamento do carro e altura de onda, este último, realizado por dois wave probes simetricamente distanciados da posição inicial do cilindro. Os ensaios possibilitaram a obtenção da massa adicional e dos parâmetros necessários à solução numérica. O desenvolvimento da solução numérica hidrodinâmica via simulação em programa comercial foi realizado no pacote ANSYS® AQWATM, onde o cilindro foi modelado parcialmente submerso, sendo excitado pela frequência e velocidade de onda, os quais foram obtidos nos ensaios experimentais. Os resultados numéricos da programação e da simulação mostraram boa correspondência com os resultados experimentais.
This study involves the experimental and numerical determination of the hydrodynamic properties of a partially submerged cylinder with circular cross section. The numerical solution to the problem was developed using the panel method, which was programmed in the MATLAB® package, and the cylinder model was excited according to the wave parameters recorded during the cylinder drag test, enabling the determination of added mass and hydrodynamic damping. The experimental part of this study involved using a drag car in a test tank, with a PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system to map the non-occurrence of vortex formation on the submerged surface of the cylinder. The cylinder was attached vertically to the bottom of the car base by a rod, remaining partially submerged in the oscillatory motion tests, with defined frequency and longitudinal displacement. In the tests, the system’s sensor array detected the variables of acceleration and loading on the cylinder support rod, the car’s displacement and wave height, the latter measured by two wave probes placed at symmetrical distances from the cylinder’s initial position. The experimental tests made it possible to determine the added mass and the parameters required for the numerical solution. The development of the numerical solution of the hydrodynamic problem via simulation with commercial software was performed using the ANSYS® AQWATM package, in which the modeled cylinder was partially submerged and was excited by the wave frequency and velocity that were determined in the experimental tests. The numerical results of the programming and simulation showed a good correspondence with the experimental results.

Com a exigência cada vez maior das empresas em implementar seus projetos mais rapidamente e com a necessidade dos provedores de serviço em poder atender a um número maior de projetos, surgiu o conceito de "software factory offshore". Neste tipo de sistema de trabalho, o desenvolvimento de programas é feito por uma equipe situada fora da localidade ao qual se encontra o cliente, podendo até mesmo serem de países diferentes. As melhorias basearam-se na adoção de procedimentos padronizados, bem como documentos (templates) preenchidos de acordo com regras estabelecidas a fim de se diminuírem os retrabalhos e os prejuízos advindos do mesmo. Inclusive, verificou-se aumento de produtividade e maior dinamismo na sinergia entre as equipes de implementação com a interação de membros da "software factory" enviadas a localidade do cliente. É preciso também atentar-se que alguns obstáculos podem prejudicar a eficiência deste tipo de metodologia, principalmente no que diz respeito à comunicação entre as equipes e a distância de fuso-horário a que o centro provedor do serviço possa vir a ter com o seu cliente. Verificou-se também que este tipo de serviço (desenvolvimento de "software") está se tornando muito atraente a países que não são conhecidos tradicionalmente como detentores de tecnologia, mas que possuem mão-de-obra qualificada como a Bulgária ou possuem investimentos diretos do governo, como a Nicarágua. Com isso, é provável que dentro de alguns anos, sejam importantes centros de excelência como o Brasil, a Índia, a Rússia e o México o são atualmente.

Offshore programs have become increasingly popular in countries that are experiencing rapid economic growth and rising demand for higher education. There is no doubt that China is one of the largest markets for offshore programs. However, the offshore program market in China has become increasingly competitive. Currently, institutions from the USA, the UK, and Australia, to name just a few, are offering offshore programs ranging from the professional diploma level to higher degrees such as MA, MBA and PhD. Therefore, understanding how Chinese students select an offshore program is important for competing and surviving in this market place. This study examines the effects of image (i.e., country image and higher education image), attitude, subject norm and perceived behavior control (adopted from Ajzen's theory of planned behavior) in Chinese students' enrollment intentions towards offshore programs from Australia, the UK and the USA respectively. A total number of 1291 valid questionnaires were collected from China for this study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was used for data analyses and modeling. This PhD's several major findings have significant theoretical and practical implication. One of the major findings was that country image or its related higher education image doesn't have significant effect on an offshore program evaluation in China. This finding has contradicted most previous studies which suggested that country image had significant impact on whether a consumer purchases the products or brands from a foreign country. The difference between this study and the other country-image studies may be due to the fact that this study studied multiple factors besides country image, while the other studies looked at only the effect of country image on purchasing intention. Although country image or higher education image did not play any significant role in offshore program enrollments, this study found that the image of the partnering or local institution had a significant effect on enrollment intention. Because Chinese students are unfamiliar with a foreign country or their higher education system, they relied heavily on the local institution (e.g., its reputation and quality) to evaluate an offshore program. The findings with respective to image have challenged most previous studies on country image and open a new arena for looking at the effect of country image in behavioral intention. Practically speaking, these findings make universities rethink their offshore program strategies in foreign countries, particularly developing countries. Most university marketers from western countries emphasize on the characteristics of its own (such as the history of the university, the quality of research) when promoting its offshore program overseas. However, this study suggested that the focus should be placed on selecting a good and suitable local partner, as well as emphasizing the characteristics of the local partner. Other major findings were related to the Theory of Planned behavior. This study found that all three components of the TPB, namely, attitude towards the program, subject norm and perceived behavior control had significant effects on enrollment intention. This suggested that for predicting behavioral intention in educational program enrollment, the TPB is a very powerful model.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O estudo partiu do diálogo entre as políticas públicas de meio ambiente e o referencial teórico crítico da educação e da justiça ambiental. Ancorada na filosofia da práxis, uma categoria central do materialismo-histórico, busca ir além dos aspectos teóricos. A pesquisa tem o objetivo de contribuir para o entendimento e melhoria dos processos complexos e contraditórios de implementação da educação ambiental como condicionante de licença de operação e produção da indústria de petróleo e gás no Brasil. Tais projetos mitigatórios são conduzidos e monitorados pelo órgão ambiental, mas devem ser implementados e executados pelos próprios empreendedores que causam os impactos socioambientais nas localidades. Em contrapartida, projetos de educação ambiental crítica e participativa, desenvolvidos compulsoriamente no licenciamento offshore, estão voltados para os grupos socioambientais impactados. Preconizam o fortalecimento e a integração desses grupos diante do Estado e do próprio empresariado e devem estimular participação em processos decisórios da gestão ambiental local. A tese a ser demonstrada é a de que, neste campo de disputas pelo uso e gestão do território, os PEAs em sua práxis educativa e enquanto política pública no âmbito do licenciamento, constitui-se em um instrumento em potencial na construção de cidadania política. Na busca por investigar a efetividade desses PEAs, implementados na maior bacia petrolífera do país, a bacia de campos, a pesquisa faz primeiramente um estudo documental e posteriormente um estudo empírico com os atores sociais participantes dos projetos. A pesquisa documental revelou que existiam cinco PEAs desenvolvidos entre os anos de 2010 e 2012: o Projeto Pólen e o NEA-BC (Petrobras); o PEA ObservAção (PetroRio, antiga HRT); o PEA FOCO (Statoil) e o QUIPEA (Shell). A pesquisa empírica foi feita nos municípios de São Francisco de Itabapoana, São João da Barra, Armação dos Búzios e Cabo frio, contemplados com 80% dos projetos desenvolvidos na região e percorreu 17 localidades dos municípios e foram realizadas 52 entrevistas. Esta etapa da pesquisa traz as motivações acerca dos projetos, opiniões sobre o processo formativo, as transformações práticas vividas pelos atores a partir das vivências nos projetos e aspectos da participação desses atores sociais dentro e fora dos PEAs. 70% dos entrevistados trazem as crenças nos projetos devido às: propostas, objetivos e metodologias (discussões participativas, encontros de comunidades) e à equipe de executores (com os quais os atores têm uma relação de afeto e admiração); 28% abarcam as descrenças: lentidão e subjetividade dos resultados; o não entendimento acerca da origem dos projetos (mitigatórios, compesatórios, etc); conflito nas relações entre os quilombolas e os empresários; gastos com os projetos e não com a comunidade. Outras categorias surgem: remuneração/contratação; Obtenção de uma sede para o projeto; a excelência no processo formativo (onde alguns métodos devem ser repensados); a interação e a articulação entre os projetos. O estudo também revelou que os participantes passaram a participar de instâncias da gestão pública de seus territórios. As questões são apontadas para que esses projetos possam ser aperfeiçoados, mesmo diante de todas as contradições, tensões e conflitos que isso impõe em uma sociedade desigual, reduzindo a natureza, a mercadoria e a relações precificadas.
This study originated from the dialogue between public environmental policies and the critical theoretical education and environmental justice references. Anchored on the praxis philosophy, a central category of historical materialism, aimed to go beyond the theoretical aspects. The research also aimed to contribute to the understanding and improvement of the complex and contradictory processes regarding the implementation of environmental educational programs, which are one of the demands to obtain the environmental license required for oil and gas exploitation in Brazil. Mitigating projects such as the one cited above, are conducted and monitored by the environmental agency, and must be implemented and executed by the companies whose activies cause social and environmental impacts on identified social groups. On the other hand, the participatory environmental education projects, compulsorily developed for licensing offshore focused on the impacted social groups. They stimulate, as one goal, the strengthening and integration of these groups on the State and the business itself and should encourage participation in decision-making on the local environmental management level. The thesis to be demonstrated is that on this field of contest for the territory usage and its management, the PEAs in their educational praxis and as a public policy in the licensing scope, can be stated as a potential tool for the citizenship policy construction. With the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of PEAs, implemented in the largest oil basin of the country, the Campos basin, the first step of the present investigation was an extensive survey on documents and the second step was an empirical approach with selected social actors participating in the the projects. The documents survey revealed that there were five PEAs developed between 2010 and 2012 in Campos basin: the Pollen Project and the NEA-BC (Petrobras); PEA OBA (PetroRio); PEA FOCO (Statoil) and the QUIPEA (Shell). The empirical research has been done in the municipalities of San Francisco de Itabapoana, São João da Barra, Buzios and Cabo Frio, awarded 80% of the projects developed in the region. The field research included 17 locations in the municipalities were 52 interviews were conducted. 70% of respondents cited they believed in the projects due to the proposal itself, the objectives and the methodologies, including participatory discussions, community meetings and the team of performers, with which, the actors demonstrated a relationship of affection and admiration. About 28% approached the disbelief due to slow and subjectivity of results; lack of understanding about the nature of the projects (mitigation, compensation nature, etc); conflicts in relations between social actors (Maroons) and entrepreneurs; spending resources on the projects and not on the communitys needs. Other categories were rised: remuneration / contracting; headquarters needed for the project; excellence in the informative/training process; the interaction and coordination between the projects. The study also confirmed that participants increased their participation within the public administration bodies on their territories. The issues are highlighted as a contribution for the improvement of these projects improvement, regardless all the contradictions, tensions and conflicts imposed by an unequal society, reducing the goods and the nature priced relationships.

This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as ‘New Times’ (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers’ professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers’ knowledge of their own and students’ pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers’ knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semi-structured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers’ descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers’ professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students’ pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers’ pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students’ or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners’ needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.

Après un rappel des différents types de diagraphies existants et leur méthode d'interprétation, on présente des systèmes d'analyse et de tracé de courbes automatiques. Plusieurs programmes automatiques d'étude des faciès et des séquences sédimentaires sont mentionnés. Puis, on applique ces méthodes au cas des faciès hypersiliceux de l'ouzouri et de l'anguille : opalite, chert, grès, silt et argiles siliceux, carbonates siliceux et argiles opalifères. On montre l'intérêt des diagraphies dans la détermination de la qualité des réservoirs potentiels. L'organisation spatio-temporelle des dépôts gabonais est caractéristique d'une mégaséquence d'ouverture océanique

Methodes de calcul sur ordinateur concernant la propagation de la houle, tenant compte des effets combines de refraction due aux fonds, de diffraction et reflexion dus aux ouvrages maritimes. Problemes de houles periodiques et irregulieres, et de houles regulieres (variation du niveau moyen de la mer et des courants), ainsi que de diffraction des ondes longues par des ouvrages offshore. Cas des seiches dans les ports et de houle irreguliere en canal en presence d'un ouvrage reflechissant. Comparaison avec essais en laboratoire et autres methodes theoriques

碩士
銘傳大學
新媒體暨傳播管理學系碩士在職專班
104
Under the trend of globalization, there are regularly competitions and exchange programs all over the world. The various countries start to value the educational development and quality in order to cope with the challenges of globalization. Facing the international market and the cross-strait economic and trade interactive environment, the professional managers in different areas study in offshore programs in order to enhance self-competitiveness and to broaden their world view. These offshore programs become the latest training ways in recent years. In the highly competitive admission market, how to develop an effective recruitment strategy for the offshore programs in universities or colleges is a very important issue in this study. By looking in-depth into literature review, analysis, integration and discussion, this case study hope to archive and build the admission strategies in EMBA offshore programs. Looking forward to benefitting in favor of the marketing strategies of our higher institutions in the future, offering references to the offshore program operation in enrolling and marketing strategies. This research discovery, the school marketing should give dual attention to external marketing, internal marketing and interactive marketing. External marketing may take the remarkable product as the marketing sign, the multi-dimensional marketing way create the broad marketing circuit promotion in the global market. The good internal marketing creation common prospect, and the cohesive force and the centripetal force are the interactive marketing successful keys.

A manifestation of the globalisation and internationalisation of higher education has been the growth of offshore programs conducted by Australian universities, especially in the Asian region. A concern with quality assurance and quality improvement has accompanied this trend. There have been relatively few studies about offshore programs from the viewpoint of academics. The prime purpose of this study, therefore, was to gain insights into the nature of quality academic work in offshore programs as conceptualised by academics. Through a deeper understanding of their perspectives, the researcher sought to determine the factors that participants identified as having crucial influences on the quality of their offshore work. A constructivist methodological perspective, with its underpinning ontological and epistemological position that reality is formed within a social construct and concepts are constructed by the researcher and participants, was chosen as the most appropriate match to both address the central research question, and to align with the stance of the researcher. A qualitative interview-based design was employed, the main objective of which was to gather and analyse detailed accounts from a purposeful sample of 16 lecturer level academics from Australian higher education institutions, who had taught in offshore programs in Hong Kong. The main data collection method was individual in-depth semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was utilised to unearth the themes in the data. The guiding conceptual frame for the research was informed by: concepts of academic work, internationalisation of higher education, and of quality, along with Schwab’s (1973) four commonplaces of education, and learning and cultural lenses. The findings and conclusions were supported by theoretical insights and verbatim interview extracts which highlighted the voices of participants. Three sets of factors were revealed: the contextual environment factors of contemporary academic work and notions of quality; the extrinsic factors of curriculum, student and institution; and the factors intrinsic to the academic. The confluence of these factors, interlinked through notions of learning, represented the conceptualisations of quality offshore academic work found in this study.

碩士
國立中山大學
經濟學研究所
91
Taiwan Coastal-Offshore Fisheries, for lack of effective fisheries conservation, which are in face of random competition and excessive exploitation of resources under vicious circle, have made resources exhausted in the sea area near Taiwan and have diminished catch of fish. CPUE (Catch per Unit of Effort) was decreased year after year because of excessive competition, so that it caused income of the fishing population to get in a crisis. The fact that we know, in order to solve effectively the operating difficult position in Coastal-Offshore Fisheries, is that the government adopt an phase-in on elimination and construction system in connection with the fishing boat and some measures of vessels reduction, for reducing amount of fishing boat and fishing effort, to promote the vitality and the competitive ability of production in Coastal-Offshore Fisheries. The basic theory of vessels reduction comes from the following backgrounds: 1. A viewpoint of economy in bio-ecology: when experts decide the whole policy according to this mode, the goal to determine fishing effort can be selected among divers fishing effort which was made by laissez-faire economy of completely free competition, Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY), and Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) . 2. A viewpoint of welfare economics: to achieve the goal of welfare economics with the thoughts of whole people, the intersection of marginal cost and average income is the most proper that we can obtain from the maximum sum of producers surplus and consumers surplus as fishing effort. 3. A viewpoint of external diseconomies: when marginal value of people is equal to marginal cost of fishing population, this point will be the most proper for fishing effort. The purpose of study in this thesis is to use a method of analysis exploring the correctness of vessels reduction program that the fishery authorities in our government execute, and to look over its effect to find out whether it has achieved the goal we expected. We have discovered the result through cost-benefit analysis of actual examples, of which the vessels reduction program to purchase the old fishing boats for lack of a complete set of other measures which based on fishing effort and fishery management in the theory of vessels reduction , will cause the measures to fail to improve remarkably these two important goals─to decrease the fishing pressure, and to promote the fishing gains─in an expectable time. This study propose that the vessels reduction program could consider cutting down fishing effort with other methods for pursuing the eternal development in Coastal-Offshore Fisheries, such as to rest fishing and to carry out the measures of a complete set in a ration system, and that the effect, except the proper fishing effort made by the consideration in basic theory of vessels reduction , will be better. Furthermore, an object of vessels reduction should not only be limited to the old fishing boats over 15 years of age, but also take the ones as object which remain working at sea and have reached over 2 years of age in case of uneasy or bad operation. As before, it will be able to attain the aim of decreasing competition in fishing circles.

碩士
國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
100
Non-volcanic tremor (NVT), originally identified in the subduction zone of the southwest Japan, has been well studied in the circum-Pacific subduction zones and the transform plate boundary in California. East of Taiwan, the Philippine Sea plate subducts northward beneath the Ryukyu arc. Moreover, an active strike-slip fault along the Taitung Canyon was reported in the offshore eastern Taiwan. In such complicate tectonic environments, NVT behavior could probably bring us more information about the interaction of all the geological components in the area. In this study, we analyze the seismic signals recorded by the Ocean bottom Seismometer (OBS) deployed offshore eastern Taiwan in September 2009. TAMS (Tremor Active Monitor System) software was used to detect the presence of NVT. 330 seismic signals and 26 tremor-like signals were obtained from the 3 weeks recording period. For the tremor-like signals, we re-examine the waveform and the spectrum to remove the false results. Finally, 3 possible tremor intervals exist. We used the SSA (Source-Scanning Algorithm) to map the possible distribution of the earthquakes and tremors. In total, 277 earthquake events and 2 tremors were located around the eastern offshore Taiwan. We compare the earthquakes position with previous study, and both results have one identical NW-ES distribution feature near the mainshock on 2009/8/17. Otherwise, the seismic patterns are not always the same. We believe the difference may cause by the uncertainty of the velocity model and the different relocation method. The 2 tremors are distributed in 2 different areas: the Yaeyama Ridge and Taitung Canyon. Limited by the short recording period of the OBS experiment, we could not obtain any possible repeating interval or the spatial migration about the tremor occurrence. However, the presence of NVT offshore eastern Taiwan shown in our study still brings us valuable understanding about the undergoing tectonic processes in the marine area.

碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系
106
Taiwan has a very good condition of the wind field, making the offshore wind power has become one of the most widely promoted renewable energy sources in Taiwan. In the past, the jacket-type offshore wind turbine support structure was mainly for ultimate load analysis and design under extreme environmental conditions. However, this study will focus on the damage analysis and the service life design under fatigue load. In this thesis, according to the specification of the DNVGL-RP-C203 development the offshore wind turbine fatigue analysis and design programs. Firstly, the joint type of the support structure was classified, and then the fatigue damage was calculated by the rainflow counting method combined with S-N curve and Miner's rule. Finally, the Broydeb's method is used to calculate the thickness of the member to reach the offshore wind turbine fatigue life, e.g. with a service life of 20 years. Integrated the support structure finite element model and design load cases into an input file. After considering the ultimate load and fatigue load, the program will automatically read the section of each member for finite element analysis, and conduct the optimal design of the jacket-type foundation by using the API RP 2A-LRFD steel structure design specifications. Therefore, the total design steel weights of the support structure are obtained. Finally, using multi-machine parallel computing techniques will make the windturb.exe as a more complete and efficient analysis and design program of the offshore wind turbine, and provide the engineering industry as a reliable reference source. Note that the computer programs developed by the research team of Shen-Haw Ju are open and free to use.

The study aims to understand and identify from key Vietnamese stakeholders’ perspectives what the critical factors are for the successful design, delivery and management of offshore MBA education programmes. The study will provide comprehensive insight and understanding of the identity, nature and criticality of factors crucial to the long-term viability and ultimately the sustainability of offshore MBA programmes in Vietnam. The findings of the study are valuable to current and future foreign educational providers and local partner institutions, students, sponsors, the community and other relevant stakeholders. The research is based on a qualitative paradigm and uses the case study approach. Three case organisations, all current providers of offshore MBA education in Vietnam are used. Both primary and secondary data is collected. Primary data is collected via interviews and focus groups with representation of a number of key stakeholder groups from each of the case organisations while secondary data is collected from official documents from these three case organisations. It is envisaged that such a broad spectrum of views from different stakeholders will provide good insight into and add greater validity of the factors local Vietnamese deem are valuable and need to be factored in the design, delivery and management of offshore MBA programmes. The study found that, in the main, stakeholders prefer the international MBA programmes because it allows the transfer of critical contemporary knowledge and the transfer, from the foreign partner, technical hardware (such as infrastructure, technology, and machinery) and managerial ‘software’ (skills such as leading, managing, problem-solving, negotiation etc) essential to effectively operate and compete in a global marketplace. The findings also show that stakeholders generally have had good experiences with their case organisations, and that their expectations have mostly been met. However, programme quality is a key concern across all stakeholder groups and covers a broad range including most importantly programme and curriculum design, programme delivery, namely the expertise and contribution of teaching staff, and programme management. A key emergent finding is the need to factor the Vietnamese context in teaching and learning. Given that Vietnam is an emerging economy, stakeholders felt that the programme needs to be flexible enough to embrace the specific needs of the local business and industry. The findings highlight the need for increased networking between programme providers and the business sector. Another key finding relates to more rigorous student selection and admission criteria as these are deemed to be vital for the overall control of programme quality and sustainability. All stakeholder groups perceive that offshore MBA programmes have a potentially large and positive impact on the local Vietnamese economy; well qualified graduates can make great leaders and managers and contribute directly and indirectly to the national budgets. Therefore, the government needs to ensure that offshore education programmes are given a priority in policy implementation.

As part of an international cooperative research program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and researchers from the National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) of India are studying the physical properties of sediment recovered during the NGHP-01 cruise conducted offshore India during 2006. Here we report on index property, acoustic velocity, and triaxial shear test results for samples recovered from the Krishna-Godavari Basin. In addition, we discuss the effects of sample storage temperature, handling, and change in structure of fine-grained sediment. Although complex, sub-vertical planar gas-hydrate structures were observed in the silty clay to clayey silt samples prior to entering the Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI), the samples yielded little gas post test. This suggests most, if not all, gas hydrate dissociated during sample transfer. Mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing marine sediment are best measured by avoiding sample depressurization. By contrast, mechanical properties of hydrate-free sediments, that are shipped and stored at atmospheric pressure can be approximated by consolidating core material to the original in situ effective stress.